Considering thers litterally hundreds of types of eggs, not surpricing at all... and im fairly certain mass distribution between Albumen and Yolk will be widely different .. scientiffically thay will all behave differently... maby not enugh to matter but thay will..
@@SpydersByteIt's the old cheap joke about US literacy rate. I gotta be honest, I'd make a few of those in the past. Until I came to realize that my country is down the same route... Plus, maybe in Europe it's not unreasonable to crack this same joke about eggs, since so many health directives have rendered most fresh eggs out of the food and restoration industry. Yes, we can order a fried egg. But an ommelette will propably be done with a factory made product (still made out of eggs, but no longer resembling one)
They may not have had any broken bones, but depending on the severity of the crash, all their organs may have exploded. Look up "third impact" in car accidents if you want to know what I mean. Edit: ok good, he did touch on this at the 6:25 mark
My dad suggested this idea for an egg drop contest about 35 years ago, though under a different premise: if you squeeze an egg equally on all sides you can't break it, so the idea was to put it in a hydraulic fluid. Doesn't matter when the container hits and water pressure spikes, since it will be the same all around. We didn't have the idea of adding salt, and instead used styrofoam to keep it away from the sides of the container. The contest went well... we had to stand on a table in the classroom and drop our eggs. Other kids were gingerly dropping theirs to ensure they'd land correctly, but I just threw mine up in the air. It hit the ceiling, came down at an angle and caught the edge of a metal garbage can, then rolled across the floor, cracked and leaking water everywhere. But when we opened it up, the egg was fine. I suspect the hydraulic effect may be even more critical to success than neutral buoyancy. As you saw, egg drops are about protecting the shell, not the yolk. Though I'm not sure how separable the two effects can be in an experiment, since you can only get a good hydraulic effect if the egg is submerged and not touching a side, which kinda implies it has to be close to neutral buoyancy.
@@DANGJOS Hydraulics work under the idea that water pressure is the same everywhere -- if you increase the pressure in one part of the system, it increases equally everywhere. So there's no place where the pressure is higher. This is important since the shape of the egg can withstand significant pressure as long as it's evenly distributed over the surface. The egg doesn't need to be neutrally buoyant for this to work... it just has to be suspended within a hydraulic fluid. The only advantage of being neutrally buoyant is it makes it easier to suspend. Would be interesting to see a followup @TheActionLab video trying to piece apart these two effects. Perhaps something like putting the egg in heavy oil (so it would float), but keeping it submerged with rubber bands). If it still survives, that suggests the neutral buoyancy isn't that important after all.
You could try using a compressible fluid which had the same density. Which is probably impossible in practice, maybe you could use some sort of dense foam but I can't think of any. At large scales you could use particles instead of fluids, but not at a useful scale.
@@dmenscher That is only true in static equilibrium. Any acceleration will cause pressure gradients. The most obvious example is gravitational - pressure increasing with depth.
Well, you don't need to make an egg neutrally buoyant. Just grab the egg really well and shake it a lot. If you hold the egg well, the shell shouldn't break.
Bottom line, seatbelts have the same intended use (mechanically couple the passenger to the container), while also allowing a controlled stretch to lower G forces experienced by the passenger compared to the G-forces experienced by the car. With an ideal naturally buoyant filled vehicle, you would experience the same G's as the crashing car, which can be more deadly than preventing blunt impact inside the cabin. The end of the video beautifully explains how damaging pure G-force can be to a body, and that crash injuries prevention has multiple facets, with blunt impact related injuries (the kind that would crack the shell of the egg) not even being the most important factor.
Muscle has a differnet density than fat, some organs are more muscle some are more fat, the organs all have different densities. A concusion is the result of your scull stopping faster than your brain, and the brain hits the inside of you scull. This is due to the difference in density of the brain and the fluids around it.
I was surprised the shell didn't break but figured there had to be massive snockwaves or something, glad you cracked the egg open, I fully expected it to be mized up.
Are you saying thanks sarcastically because you are mad at the spoiler or do you mean the typically sarcastic “thanks for the spoiler” is double sarcastic because you do actually want to thank him?
When I was a teen I thought about this, if a scuba diver was trapped in the middle of a milk tanker on its way to the creamery and it went off a cliff, would they survive? It’s awesome that I got every explanation needed to Understand what would happen. Great video
Good thing I watched till the end, I was already ordering the gear Lindsey and Bud were wearing in The Abyss movie while filling my car with salt water...
Neutral buoyancy has been used in Sci-fi books, so we could resist spaceships huge accelerations. In "Rendez-vous with Rama" from Arthur C Clarke for example.
Also "The Forever War" by Joe Haldeman, but the flight surgeon then explained how Mary Gay's internal organs would still be damaged. (Haldeman has a physics degree.)
@@markbothum4338 Interesting, I'll check that one ! I suppose most internal organs should have roughly the same density, but bones would be a problem. Clarke gave some details about this too, something about lungs filling also, but i don't remember all the details rn.
@@AeroGraphica Lungs filling is probably to keep their lungs from collapsing under the huge pressure increase. This really makes me wonder if a creature that is of perfectly uniform density could use this to accelerate as fast as they like without damage in a fluid container spaceship. I think the answer is yes.
I have seen videos of people showing how to pre-scramble an egg by spinning it around in a cloth tube (sleeve of a shirt) so it's not surprising that the internals of the egg don't survive. This is also a great example of how all that football padding does bugger-all to help against brain concussions.
Love your videos. I learned about neutral buoyancy from "Mr. Wizard" in about 1960 where he used sugar water and demonstrated you can make the egg sink by pressurizing the container because that shrinks the size of the egg enough to make it sink, which is possible because the egg contains a bubble. It doesn't take much pressure change. An elastic membrane across the opening and hand pressure is enough to sink a neutrally buoyant egg.
There's a case to be made that above a certain fuzzy threshold of velocity, seat belts are actually just cruel or a cruel joke. "We call it the 'shredding ribbon' at the speed you'll be going, which is thankful, because at slower speeds they'll force your organs to squish out the orfices you have by that moment in the accident. You may have a few extra for microseconds before you're all orfices and then none. Want to see the high speed footage from the crash test dummies?!"
Thank you for this important video, which shows the reason for high morbidity and mortality in deceleration injuries (e.g., a speeding car crashing into a tree). It’s what’s inside (the yolk and albumen of an egg, for example) that counts. During abrupt deceleration, in addition to actual impact injuries (like your example of collision between the brain and skull), there are shearing injuries due to differential deceleration of connected organs or contiguous segments of a single organ. The best-known and most lethal of these occurs at the junction of the arch and descending portion of the thoracic aorta. The latter is firmly fixed to the posterior portion of the wall of the chest cavity, along the spine. But the aortic arch is far more mobile and keeps moving with respect to the descending aorta during abrupt deceleration, causing transection of the aorta at the junction of its arch and descending segment, resulting in rapid exsanguination. The key to preventing this type of catastrophic injury is to prolong the period of deceleration and thus decrease the differential velocity between two connected structures, like the arch and descending portion of the thoracic aorta. A physicist or engineer could explain this better than I, but, my simplified understanding is the longer the contact between two colliding structures, the more gradual the deceleration of all of the components within each. Thus, why netting prevents a falling high wire acrobat from the critical injuries that would be sustained if there was only a concrete floor to break the fall (as the old joke goes, it’s not the fall that killed him; it was the sudden stop at the end). And, it’s why airbags and crumple zones allow drivers to survive a head-on motor vehicle crash when, by all logic, they should be very dead. Thanks again for your terrific content!
When I did the egg drop in elementary school, I theorized the yolk inside the egg was kept safe with the egg white, so I recreated that by putting the egg in a gallon sized ziploc bag and filling it with water. My egg survived the drop and the water filled bag exploded.
So neat seeing you talk about neutral buoyancy. I literally used this as the way organic pilots can pull off extreme G forces in a book I've been writing.
This is actually one of the historical designs of g-suits for fighter pilots. The pneumatic design is lighter but requires active systems and doesn't react instantly to g loading. The hydrostatic version (where a layer of liquid is somehow confined between the pilot's body and a the stiff outer fabric of the suit) is completely passive and reacts instantly to changes in g loads. I saw a documentary ca. 20 years ago on a test campaign for such a hydrostatic g suit.
For an egg launch contest, judged by max time aloft, I mounted a neutrally buoyant egg with sugar water in a soda can. Light weight foam was used to keep the egg centered in the can. A successful test drop from 150" crushed the can by 0.25" suggesting a deceleration capability around 150/0.25=600g. The launch sling shot A-frame used surgical tubing stretched to 80lbf per side. For the 12oz payload, the launch acceleration was 160lbf/0.75lb=213g. The launch vehicle included a parachute in a long "tail" cylinder. Launch position was nose down (bottom of the soda can), so after launch the flight vehicle inverted so the can was flight forward with the parachute cylinder acting like the feathers of an arrow for stable flight to apogee, where the parachute was deployed from the cylinder by reaching the length of fishing line fed by a fishing reel from the launch point. With the parachute deployed the soda can was positioned to dump the sugar water for longer decent time. Worked like a charm. But no trophy for engineer entries to the intern contest. A Cal Tech graduate told me the neutrally buoyant egg is a well known approach with an acceleration limit at the level which causes the yoke to blast through the shell, since the yoke is denser than the white.
I once walked out of a 2nd story window whilst absolutely wasted, landed on the concrete 3m below, got up and went for a bottle of whisky. THEN when I got back I realised I was on the ground and the "door" was 3m up so I had to climb up the sign for the hairdressers on the 1st [ground] floor. But I was not hurt badly, just bruises and scrapes. Im now a none drinker
@@piccalillipit9211 a neighbour of mine was hit by a car while wasted, no broken bones, maybe some scratches. I guess it's the lack of resistance to the impact, being more "flowy". Though I'm not sure how that protected you against landing on concrete!
@@DenkyManner I can only assume that I landed on my feet and "crumpled" and rolled over with the right amount of resistance to the fall - IDK There was a slight slope to the ground so maybe that helped? I dont claim to have an answer.
Even with neutral buoyancy, the pressure spike might collapse lungs (not unless you were breathing liquid (nasa had smth abt that iirc), or unless you had a pressure compensation device)
Yes! Finally someone else talking about the pressure increase! I thought about this too, and you could just wear a strong suit that resists the pressure.
Here’s an experiment I would love to see you do, if you can do it safely. Light a piece of paper, or something else that will burn, on fire, and place it in a vacuum chamber. Seal the vacuum chamber, but don’t suck the air out. Instead, wait to see if the fire will eventually go out before the fuel source runs out due to the fire being starved of oxygen. Then observe how much the pressure inside the chamber has changed, if at all. My hypothesis is that if you can find a fuel source that lasts long enough, the fire would go out due to oxygen starvation, but the pressure inside the vacuum chamber would not change, since the matter in the chamber does not disappear, it just undergoes chemical change. However, maybe the same amount of gases emitted by fire would produce a higher or lower pressure than oxygen, which is something I really want to see. I’m not sure how you would make a fire burn for long enough in a vacuum chamber safely, but if you could pull it off it would be really cool. The question is then: if CO or CO2 is more dense than O2, would that cause the a given mass of CO or CO2 to create a lower/higher pressure than the same mass of O2? You probably already have an answer but it would be cool to see that answer in action.
I think a non-neutral boyance liquid would work even better. For example a heavier than water egg held loosely at the top of the container. On impact the egg would move downward, and not stop instantly. This would reduce the forces on the egg, maybe keep it from being scrampled. The water spreads out the forces, and the movement of the egg in the container provides more time (less acceleration/force).
So a balance of viscosity and buoyancy to optimize deceleration. By the time the solid hits the wall of the container, the velocity of the solid should be almost 0.
I think the problem with this method would be orientation. This wouldn't work if you took an impact at an angle that didn't benefit from the variable density.
@@Lreclusa It wouldn't help in an additive impact scenario. Does great in multiple changes of direction, but not consecutive impacts in the same vector.
He should have compared the drops with water to neutral buoyancy salt water, to see what the threshold was for each. Also, what is the effect of adding fluoride to the liquid. 😏
This is also why helmets can give a false sense of safety, when it comes to concussions. It's not the localized blunt force, it's the acceleration of the brain within the skull.
Also notable: each drop there is a huge pressure spike in the water (that's what decelerates it). So even if the car crash guy is constrained he'd be constrained by what is effectively an explosion.
What would be a perfect cushion is a container that can evacuate the fluid inside at such a rate that the object inside touches the wall with a force that is just a bit shy of breaking it. A pipe with pneumatic piston would be one example, but that would only work if the direction of the impact is aligned with the piston. A neat design should work in all directions.
This might actually be a pretty realistic scifi setting. Spaceship fighters could survive much higher g forces, if all air from their bodies was removed, and they were submerged in a perfluorocarbon like liquid which they can breathe and that has a similar density to their bodies.
If everything inside the alien's skin was exactly the same density, then I might agree with you...but I doubt it would be. If you tried the same drop-test on a human, it would likely kill them, even if they were breathing neutral density fluid.
1:20 -- Initial thoughts: Not all parts of the human body have equal density. And extreme gee forces _can_ still damage organs, even if the acceleration is not sudden but ramps up gradually. So while it would almost certainly increase how much sudden acceleration you could withstand, I'm pretty sure there would still be a limit. 4:41 -- There are a number of frames right after the egg is ejected from the container where it looks like you can see the yolk, well before it hit the ground. I think the egg clipped the rim on its way out, but it would take a high speed camera to be sure.
At 6:25 it's the same concept as a shockwave from an explosion a lot of vets experienced in Afghanistan. They came out physically unharmed from combat looking from the outside, but internally they had multiple injuries from the shockwave passing through their bodies.
Traditionally, egg drops are usually won by whoever makes a block of closed-cell styrofoam fit the egg perfectly. This is because the winner is determined by mass. So the strategy of having no way for the egg to move and gain momentum relative to its container, and that container being incredibly light, is essentially optimal. Then it all comes down to finding exactly the right thickness of styrofoam.
We got challenged to used only from a specific list of materials and Styrofoam was not one of them. I opted to try and use all of them and succeeded. 1 plastic bottle, 1 balloon, 5 sheets of notebook paper, 1 yard of string, and 1 small plastic sandwich bag (non-optional as this was to keep the mess down.) So I used the plastic bottle as a cradle, the paper as padding and the balloon as a parachute.
About 50 years ago I built an egg-drop container that was based on the idea that it's really hard to break an egg if you try to compress it along the long axis. The container was very small, just a shipping tube about 3" in diameter and 12" long. The egg was inside a balloon, and the neck of the balloon acted as a suspension spring. The balloon was wrapped in enough cotton to let is slide smoothly in the tube, and the front of the tube had a little bit of urethane foam padding. Then I put fins on the back end so it would hit the ground in the desired orientation (and at high speed!). It survived a fall from an airplane doing a pass over a grass airstrip at a couple of hundred feet.
You could probably use a couple (at least 2) really weak springs to hold the egg in the center of the container. They wouldn't do anything for impacts, but they would ensure that the egg doesn't drift towards the walls, and they also wouldn't transfer any energy from the impact into the egg.
Egg drop contests will never be the same. (Though this seems to work only with small heights, and the weight of the water will make parachutes and other peripherals less effective.)
I got a perfect score on my high school egg drop by simply cutting a nerf football in half, scooping out slightly less than one egg worth of foam, and then taping it shut with the egg inside. The guy who had insisted on not partnering with me because I "wasn't doing any work" got mad when I got more credit because I didn't work as hard as him. The teacher said that his egg broke and mine didn't, and sometimes design isn't about hard work, it's about function, and mine functioned. Though he did warn me that in future projects I should put more effort in. Heh
This kind of brings to mind the old (great) movie "The Abyss" where they use perfluorocarbon-fluid with oxygen to fill the lungs in order to not be crushed at extreme diving depths. It's a real thing. Apparently the rat in the movie really did breathe it as shown on screen. That would maybe fix the lungs, as it's coincidentally also quite close to water density. The rest of the organs might be an issue :P
Woa, this experiment seems to have a lot potencial! how many variations can be made? the size of the container, the amount of liquid, speed trayectory tracking, momentum, terminal velocity, a lot of stuff!
Fun fact: the hyperspace travel at the end of the movie _Contact_ featured a similar principle. As well, the movie _Concussion._ (Spoiler for first below) The humans adding a restraint system nearly got Jodie Foster's character unalived.
When I was at a camp as a kid, we had an afternoon of launching 2 liter bottle rockets with egg payloads. Most of the launches were with parachutes that would either bring down the entire rocket and egg, or separate and just bring down the egg capsule. The last round of testing was bringing the egg down without any parachute. Mine was the only one to survive the last test with the egg wrapped in paper towels then filling the capsule with water. I bet some soaked mat or gelling agent would keep the egg undamaged even with a tight fitting capsule.
As a kid sea fishing in a dock, we'd use jiff lemon squeeze bottles (just a plastic hollow lemon with lemon juice in it) half fill it with wax, let it set. Then you have a midway float thay will sit half way betwixt surface and bottom....
Neutral buoyancy might help with impact induced injuries, but then there would be the extremely concerning mater of pressure wave induced injuries : due to the impact, some dratic pressure waves are created within the fluid (hammer effect) their would be extreme consequences at each material change due to differences in accoustic impedance, especially the lungs would be crushed. Mark robbert has made a video a while ago explaining the issue about a grenade exploding underwater : you would get killed by the pressure wave as it would rickochet due to the sudden change of impedance (air/water). Pressure waves can't travel from one medium to the other
Don't forget that the egg shells are also porous, so they also take in salt water which changes the insides of the egg already. Since salt will mess with the fluids inside, the way it is scrambled is different than if it were non porous.
A good description of neutral buoyancy (what odd spelling) could be that there is no other external movements relative to the capsule, such as gas or liquid. Provided that there is an enclosed space, it cannot move within it. I guess the tricky part here is getting it in the centre and making sure it has a border at all points. What is interesting here is the 'Inception' factor. Where the egg is also within its own shell. Something else to keep in mind is that if you shake an egg hard enough it will mix the yolk and white, I think this might be due the contrast of movements: while it is in a motion towards a direction it is redirected.. or it might be a difference between gas and liquid in how it reacts to movement. It would be interesting to see the same expirement with liquid.. so yeah kind of a ramble. Anyway, thanks. Another Edit: This brings about the question of relative movement. Where the fact that we are encapsulated in a particular motion that is so strong we have very little control of things within it relative to it.
I did this experiment with two painters sponges and duct tape. Yeeted it off the 2nd story of the language building 3 times and it never cracked. Some kid made a buckminsterfullerene model to protect the egg, and it exploded.
I actually think that the sudden pressure change due to the impact might crush the egg (or brain if something similar will happen for cars) if the container isn't strong enough.
The pressure inside the egg and outside the egg would be equal, assuming the egg is filled with an equal density fluid and no air. The sudden increase of pressure would cause the air pocket in the egg to colapse and break the egg.
@@danagillam It wouldn't be equal inside the egg because the hard shell is in the way. Unless the tiny pores in the shell can equalize the pressure that quickly, the outside of the egg will experience a sudden increase of pressure. In addition, this pressure isn't completely uniform. The pressure on the front (relative to the direction of motion) of the egg will be higher than the pressure on the back. The total force from this pressure difference is actually what stops the egg from crashing into the front wall of the container. If this pressure is too large, it could smash the egg. But I don't know how much pressure an egg can withstand. I'll look it up.
@@DANGJOS I would assume the egg shell is as compressible as the liguids inside and out. I will assum that for reasonable pressures they are all equally incompressible. If the egg has no air, then the pressure in the egg will equal the pressure outside the egg at all times. The pressure outside the egg up front would be greater, but the pressure inside the egg up front would be equally greater (than the pressures near the back of the egg inside and out). Their is a net force on the egg, but that net force is the result of all its atoms having a net force. Imagine the egg were a bubble of water with a very thin membrane, it would also not break. Every atom is being accelerated by colisions with the atom infront of it. If the water is compressible, then the egg would flatten as all the molecures move closertogether (towards the front), eventually the egg would reach its elastic limit and break do to the deformation.
@@danagillam I have no doubt that the egg's inside is nearly incompressible just like the water. I just don't understand what you're assuming the pressure must be immediately equal inside versus outside the egg. I understand if you say it's because the eggshell flexes slightly, or the water seeps through the eggshell pores, equalizing the pressure. But without something like that, there is no reason the pressure inside the egg should be equal to the outside when there's a hard, rigid shell around it.
@@DANGJOS In a tank of water the pressure is due to the weight of the water and the depth. During acceleration (sudden stop after a drop) the "G" forces would increase due to the extreamly high acceleration of the water. (FYI: I am refering to negative acceleration as just acceleration, since acceleration like speed is relative, what one person sees as positive acceleration, another observier would see as negative acceleration or deceleration) This acceleration would have the same result as making gravity 10 times greater. If we were to consider a frame of reference of the container with the egg, (camera attached to the container). Then our experience would be that for a split seccond all the atoms of our system suddenly became 10x heavier. Shell or no shell, it does not matter, if the inside is not compressible. Imagine you take that egg to the bottom of the ocean, the pressure around the egg increases, and so does the pressure inside the egg. An egg like this could be taken to the bottom of the ocean and never pop (implode) if the inside is non-compressible. A ballon filled with water taken to the bottom of the ocean would not change volume. Whether the egg has hole or not would not make any difference. The water outside the egg is experiencing the same accelerative forces as the water inside the egg. I suspect you are being confused by those gas laws that equate pressure to volume, but that only works for a compressible gas, not liquids or solids. Chat GPT gets this wrong. In an accelerated environment (High G forces) the relative difference in the boyance of the organs would become significant. Under 1 G the liver might experience a boyant force of 1 gram, causing it to float upward in the body cavity, as it is held in place by connictive tissures. But uner 100 G (highly accelerating invironment) that 10 g of float force becomes 1,000 grams, and this might be enough to pull it out of possition and cause damage. In the egg dropped in the water, at the time of impact the floor pushes on the container (to stop it), the container puses on the water atoms (to stop them), the water atoms push on the next layer of water atoms, (or egg shell), the egg shell having been pushed by the water outside pushes on the water inside, and so on until the top of the container is pused and the whole thing stops moving. (compression wave).
One thing you didn't consider is that when you spin the container, the fluid will move inside the container due to inertia, so the fluid will try to stretch the egg as if it was fluid too. It`s possible to see the egg rotating on the clear container, when you apply some rotation to the container. This could move the egg and cause it to hit the walls, or even, with strong enough force, the very fluid could "stretch" it to the breaking point!
Demolition Man back in the early 90s had a futuristic car fill with hardened foam to save Jon Spartan (Stallone) from injury during a high speed crash into a fountain. A great scene, but It'll have to stay in the realm of scifi! At least he could knit himself a new shirt after the crash.
Something to consider is that this fluid will be incompressible so it will transmit the pressure wave instantaneously. The container should be ABSOLUTELY rigid and non-deformable otherwise the instantaneous pressure increase will destroy you... that's why it can't work in a car.
I'd imagine if the speed was fast enough the yoke could bust through the shell itself, so no matter how well you padded the outside container the sudden change in speed would make the egg break from the inside out.
I had to pause this before you even get started. Sure the shell may not crack, but that yolk is taking the short bus to school from now on. Same reason life long boxers may never have a broken skull yet still have the speech capacity of a 2 year old. Your organs would be ruined after a hard crash. Humans do not like sudden stops. Those rally races where the car flips over 10 times down a hill and eventually stops is safer than a car doing 50-0 from a tree. Ok, time to hit play on your shake a baby, egg test. Edit: I should've let this play to the end.
Plastic peanut butter jar with bubble wrap. Of course, enough bubble wrap just around the egg could slow the descent due to the low mass over cross sectional area thereby slowing the descent from the effect of aerodynamic drag.
I think you want slightly above or below neutrale buoyant. Cars have crumble zones because they spread out the force over longen time, Therefore making them have lower peak load. You would want the same in the almost neutrale buoyant fluid so that you don’t come to a dead stop together with the rest of the system, you want to keep moving forward as fast as possible that slows you to a stop just before you hit one of the containers confines. This way you dispell as much forcé over as long a time as possible. Thereby making the peak impact forcé very low.
Two things. First, did anyone else see the crack that formed in the first slow motion drop in the clear container when the egg was moving back up? Second, if there is any air bubble in the egg, and an increase in pressure during an impact can crush the part of the egg next to the bubble.
This is just like the seatbelts on a car. Only difference, is that the force would be spread evenly on all frontal areas of the body, instead of the areas where seatbelt is contacting the body. Idea is the same, to keep the driver in place in relation to the car. But it's not the impact that kills you, it's the fast deceleration that get's you. I would still prefer seatbelts! :D
I think this would reduce impact if say you were surrounded by fluid in a car accident but then the weight of the fluid would probably result in more damage anyway.
In theory this should work exactly the same in extreme acceleration, or really any G-forces. You could hypothetically protect something from an extra strong space-rocket lauch, or even that "space slingshot" thing - if that ever gets off the ground. But the limitation of the object needing close to homogenous density is a very big limitation - and also the weight. I don't think a ton of space is needed though. You could have weak flexible structures or tethers (preferably with equal density) holding the object in the center so that you need only a small margin around it.
Okay I've given it some thought before watching (only a couple seconds in probably). What I imagined is what would happen if I was in a pool on a giant *40 g* planet (made of osmium or something). While I would be neutrally buoyant, that would only be because of my enormous *inertia (weight).* The buoyant force would still be enough to crush me! If I were laying on the pavement, I would definitely be a pancake. The only difference is the pavement pushes me up in concentrated spots while the buoyant force pushes me up more uniformly, so it's less destructive, but 40 gs should still crush me I would think. The pressure is enormous. So all in all, I'm not sure if the egg will survive a crash. My guess is, if the g forces are 10s of times higher than gravity, the immediate water pressure increase will crush the egg. Secondly, because the buoyant force is equal to your inertia, then there's nothing to slow you down. I mean, the initial pressure wave in the water from the crash may be larger and slow you a little, but other than that you (or the egg) should still slam into the wall of the container, slowed only by fluid drag resistance. Ultimately, you're still going from a high rate of speed to a slow one in a crash immersed in water, so even if you were lighter than the surrounding fluid, you're slowing down in a hurry and that can cause damage for an object of non-uniform density.
Crap!! I made a huge mistake! I'm 14 seconds in now and his initial clips made me realize it. My initial write up of this comment was correct, but I erased part of it and rewrote it because I foolishly thought the forces cancelling meant the egg had to move in the crash. I don't know how I could have made this mistake considering this is the same principal used in the previous neutrally buoyant balloon video. The fictitious force *only* exists in the accelerated frame! I'm really not happy with myself for such a bonehead mistake, right before I posted the comment. It is late and I'm tired, but I shouldn't have messed that up. Anyway, I'll leave the comment as is for future reference of my thought process. Anyway, everything I said about the egg getting potentially crushed by a large deceleration still stands. And also, the inhomogeneity comment still stands as well. That can cause it to fall apart with enough deceleration. But the buoyant force *is* what decelerates the egg, *not* the wall.
Sixty years ago I suggested this idea for G-Suits. Pilots would not experience gravity if suit was filled with liquid. Babies in the womb are protected this way. The egg protects the embryo buoyancy. Shock waves do disrupt the membranes.
Recent studies into increased suicide rates among soldiers points to micro scar tissue in the brain. It came from all the little shockwaves while training with explosives over the years. The skull didn't crack but the gray matter still felt it
This is used in so many sci fi books to protect the characters during high g maneuvers. I'm glad to see its at least somewhat scientifically based! I remember it in The Forever War, CJ Cherryh books and The Expanse.
Neutral B is often used during certain types of stunts. Granted, we all know how difficult (if not impossible) it would be to properly adjust every nook and cranny of a capsule, vehicle, or pod in order to restrict damage to the components of its inner core. ESPECIALLY if at least one component... is organic! 😳
This is at least the fifth tarantula escape I've seen on this channel. You would think that at some point, you'd invest in some video surveillance for the Dark Den.
If you held the egg in the center of a spherical container using a bungee mechanism and had it slightly heavier than the fluid around it then it would have some time to decelerate on impact and come out much closer to unscathed. By the same token you could also probably drop an unprotected egg from a high height to land in a pool of gasoline or ether it should be able to survive from a much larger height than if it's dropped into water because the deceleration will be slower.
What if? 1. What happens to an egg if it is placed vertically so that the air bubble inside the egg is at the top? Usually, the air bubble is near the blunt end of the egg. In addition, throw the container with the egg and liquid also vertically, to avoid rotation of the container after impact. Perhaps the yolk membrane tears not from acceleration, but from too much stretching of the membrane that surrounds the yolk. 2. If a single blow in such conditions, even a powerful one, does not lead to the destruction of the insides of the egg, then perhaps it is possible to find a way to save people in those conditions when it is possible to prepare for the impact in advance?
If the deceleration is exactly equaly applied to all the volume, the egg will not be damaged. The damage happens because the acceleration is only applied to a part of the egg, to to the full egg. If the same acceleration is applied to all points of a volume, no part get push/pull on that vklume because of that acceleration, so no damage.
Great video as alwsys; personally I think the egg is a suboptimal choice, considering that the hard eggshell resist well hydrostatic stresses. I would suggest redoing the experiment but with a transparent container and a neutrally boulliant balloon containing part gas e part heavy liquids. I think that at impact the gaseous part of the baloon will suddently contract and expand. So, more than the sloshing of different parts of your body, I think that the collapse of your air-filled cavities would be the thing to worry about. Quite like when an explosive goes of near some fish!
![Lp. Сердце Вселенной #60 РОЖДЕНИЕ ЛОЛОЛОШКИ [Финал] • Майнкрафт](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/YoR0pAV9FVQ/mqdefault.jpg)
6:32 I love the fact that he has to demonstrate what a normal egg looks like inside, just in case we forgot
Proper science, with a control group, haha.
this is for average USA citizen
@@maciejp7829 what does that have anything to do with the US? We eat eggs all the friggin time, its a breakfast staple all around the country
Considering thers litterally hundreds of types of eggs, not surpricing at all...
and im fairly certain mass distribution between Albumen and Yolk will be widely different .. scientiffically thay will all behave differently... maby not enugh to matter but thay will..
@@SpydersByteIt's the old cheap joke about US literacy rate.
I gotta be honest, I'd make a few of those in the past. Until I came to realize that my country is down the same route...
Plus, maybe in Europe it's not unreasonable to crack this same joke about eggs, since so many health directives have rendered most fresh eggs out of the food and restoration industry. Yes, we can order a fried egg. But an ommelette will propably be done with a factory made product (still made out of eggs, but no longer resembling one)
NEWSFLASH
Man drowned in car accident today, but he had no broken bones
Gets to maintain lifetime record of never breaking a bone. Family thrilled.
@@DëMòónStãr lier
@@DëMòónStãr990,in fact.
A heated debate has ensued among experts questioning whether the accident caused the drowning or the drowning caused the accident.
They may not have had any broken bones, but depending on the severity of the crash, all their organs may have exploded. Look up "third impact" in car accidents if you want to know what I mean.
Edit: ok good, he did touch on this at the 6:25 mark
My dad suggested this idea for an egg drop contest about 35 years ago, though under a different premise: if you squeeze an egg equally on all sides you can't break it, so the idea was to put it in a hydraulic fluid. Doesn't matter when the container hits and water pressure spikes, since it will be the same all around. We didn't have the idea of adding salt, and instead used styrofoam to keep it away from the sides of the container.
The contest went well... we had to stand on a table in the classroom and drop our eggs. Other kids were gingerly dropping theirs to ensure they'd land correctly, but I just threw mine up in the air. It hit the ceiling, came down at an angle and caught the edge of a metal garbage can, then rolled across the floor, cracked and leaking water everywhere. But when we opened it up, the egg was fine.
I suspect the hydraulic effect may be even more critical to success than neutral buoyancy. As you saw, egg drops are about protecting the shell, not the yolk. Though I'm not sure how separable the two effects can be in an experiment, since you can only get a good hydraulic effect if the egg is submerged and not touching a side, which kinda implies it has to be close to neutral buoyancy.
I'm not understanding entirely. What is the hydraulic effect in contrast to the neutral buoyancy effect?
@@DANGJOS Hydraulics work under the idea that water pressure is the same everywhere -- if you increase the pressure in one part of the system, it increases equally everywhere. So there's no place where the pressure is higher.
This is important since the shape of the egg can withstand significant pressure as long as it's evenly distributed over the surface. The egg doesn't need to be neutrally buoyant for this to work... it just has to be suspended within a hydraulic fluid. The only advantage of being neutrally buoyant is it makes it easier to suspend.
Would be interesting to see a followup @TheActionLab video trying to piece apart these two effects. Perhaps something like putting the egg in heavy oil (so it would float), but keeping it submerged with rubber bands). If it still survives, that suggests the neutral buoyancy isn't that important after all.
You could try using a compressible fluid which had the same density. Which is probably impossible in practice, maybe you could use some sort of dense foam but I can't think of any. At large scales you could use particles instead of fluids, but not at a useful scale.
I wonder if it'd be better or worse to suspend it in two fluids of slightly higher and lower densities
@@dmenscher That is only true in static equilibrium. Any acceleration will cause pressure gradients. The most obvious example is gravitational - pressure increasing with depth.
Now I really want a scrambled-hard-boiled egg.
Good idea
im gonna try it
Great idea!
Well, you don't need to make an egg neutrally buoyant. Just grab the egg really well and shake it a lot. If you hold the egg well, the shell shouldn't break.
Nooooo I'm out of eggs!
Bottom line, seatbelts have the same intended use (mechanically couple the passenger to the container), while also allowing a controlled stretch to lower G forces experienced by the passenger compared to the G-forces experienced by the car. With an ideal naturally buoyant filled vehicle, you would experience the same G's as the crashing car, which can be more deadly than preventing blunt impact inside the cabin.
The end of the video beautifully explains how damaging pure G-force can be to a body, and that crash injuries prevention has multiple facets, with blunt impact related injuries (the kind that would crack the shell of the egg) not even being the most important factor.
Wait hear me out -- if we fill our car and our bodies with saltwater, our organs will also be neutrally buoyant!
wtf that's actually so smart
ok time to go drink different concentrations of salt water to see which one works
yippee time to inject saltwater into my body
Bodies pretty much are filled with saltwater.
Muscle has a differnet density than fat, some organs are more muscle some are more fat, the organs all have different densities. A concusion is the result of your scull stopping faster than your brain, and the brain hits the inside of you scull. This is due to the difference in density of the brain and the fluids around it.
Many people have filled their lungs with salt water. I am not sure they enjoyed the experience.
I was surprised the shell didn't break but figured there had to be massive snockwaves or something, glad you cracked the egg open, I fully expected it to be mized up.
You somehow unspoiled the video for me. “I fully expected it to be mixed up” made me Think it wasnt mixed up, XD
Bruh, thanks for the spoilers!!!!
(Sarcasm)
What will happen if Russian space capsule is used for such an experiment.
Are you saying thanks sarcastically because you are mad at the spoiler or do you mean the typically sarcastic “thanks for the spoiler” is double sarcastic because you do actually want to thank him?
First one
When I was a teen I thought about this, if a scuba diver was trapped in the middle of a milk tanker on its way to the creamery and it went off a cliff, would they survive? It’s awesome that I got every explanation needed to
Understand what would happen. Great video
Good thing I watched till the end, I was already ordering the gear Lindsey and Bud were wearing in The Abyss movie while filling my car with salt water...
Neutral buoyancy has been used in Sci-fi books, so we could resist spaceships huge accelerations.
In "Rendez-vous with Rama" from Arthur C Clarke for example.
Also "The Forever War" by Joe Haldeman, but the flight surgeon then explained how Mary Gay's internal organs would still be damaged. (Haldeman has a physics degree.)
@@markbothum4338 Interesting, I'll check that one !
I suppose most internal organs should have roughly the same density, but bones would be a problem.
Clarke gave some details about this too, something about lungs filling also, but i don't remember all the details rn.
@@AeroGraphica Lungs filling is probably to keep their lungs from collapsing under the huge pressure increase.
This really makes me wonder if a creature that is of perfectly uniform density could use this to accelerate as fast as they like without damage in a fluid container spaceship. I think the answer is yes.
@@AeroGraphica FWIW, I recall Haldeman's flight surgeon character comparing it to "dropping a wrench in a submarine."
Neutral buoyancy is also used in Evangelion for shock protection.
I have seen videos of people showing how to pre-scramble an egg by spinning it around in a cloth tube (sleeve of a shirt) so it's not surprising that the internals of the egg don't survive. This is also a great example of how all that football padding does bugger-all to help against brain concussions.
Padding type protection slows deceleration, reducing G force, like the crumple zones in a car. That was not the case in this video
It explains why pads DO work in most cases, and also explains why they DONT work in all cases, and there will always be limitations to safety in sport
The egg overall might have been neutral density but its insides were not.
Pads work the same way a traditional egg drop in middle school would work, you try to increase the contact time to slow down the acceleration.
Love your videos. I learned about neutral buoyancy from "Mr. Wizard" in about 1960 where he used sugar water and demonstrated you can make the egg sink by pressurizing the container because that shrinks the size of the egg enough to make it sink, which is possible because the egg contains a bubble. It doesn't take much pressure change. An elastic membrane across the opening and hand pressure is enough to sink a neutrally buoyant egg.
This is your best video to date. Thank you James!
Know whats never seen inside a flying saucer? Seatbelts
When you master quantum tunneling at a macro scale, no need for seatbelts!
They are using inertial dampeners instead.
There's a case to be made that above a certain fuzzy threshold of velocity, seat belts are actually just cruel or a cruel joke.
"We call it the 'shredding ribbon' at the speed you'll be going, which is thankful, because at slower speeds they'll force your organs to squish out the orfices you have by that moment in the accident. You may have a few extra for microseconds before you're all orfices and then none. Want to see the high speed footage from the crash test dummies?!"
@@ScottLovenberg Mmm Mmm Mmm... oh, different Crash Test Dummies.
That's fun to think about
Thank you for this important video, which shows the reason for high morbidity and mortality in deceleration injuries (e.g., a speeding car crashing into a tree).
It’s what’s inside (the yolk and albumen of an egg, for example) that counts. During abrupt deceleration, in addition to actual impact injuries (like your example of collision between the brain and skull), there are shearing injuries due to differential deceleration of connected organs or contiguous segments of a single organ. The best-known and most lethal of these occurs at the junction of the arch and descending portion of the thoracic aorta. The latter is firmly fixed to the posterior portion of the wall of the chest cavity, along the spine. But the aortic arch is far more mobile and keeps moving with respect to the descending aorta during abrupt deceleration, causing transection of the aorta at the junction of its arch and descending segment, resulting in rapid exsanguination.
The key to preventing this type of catastrophic injury is to prolong the period of deceleration and thus decrease the differential velocity between two connected structures, like the arch and descending portion of the thoracic aorta. A physicist or engineer could explain this better than I, but, my simplified understanding is the longer the contact between two colliding structures, the more gradual the deceleration of all of the components within each. Thus, why netting prevents a falling high wire acrobat from the critical injuries that would be sustained if there was only a concrete floor to break the fall (as the old joke goes, it’s not the fall that killed him; it was the sudden stop at the end). And, it’s why airbags and crumple zones allow drivers to survive a head-on motor vehicle crash when, by all logic, they should be very dead.
Thanks again for your terrific content!
0:58 I'd say no. Your body doesn't have uniform density. Your lungs would get compressed and your bones would rattle in your flesh.
Yes, agreed!
that's exactly what he shows at the end of the video
He discussed this later
@@benjaminrogers9848 I just said that.
When I did the egg drop in elementary school, I theorized the yolk inside the egg was kept safe with the egg white, so I recreated that by putting the egg in a gallon sized ziploc bag and filling it with water. My egg survived the drop and the water filled bag exploded.
So neat seeing you talk about neutral buoyancy.
I literally used this as the way organic pilots can pull off extreme G forces in a book I've been writing.
This is actually one of the historical designs of g-suits for fighter pilots.
The pneumatic design is lighter but requires active systems and doesn't react instantly to g loading.
The hydrostatic version (where a layer of liquid is somehow confined between the pilot's body and a the stiff outer fabric of the suit) is completely passive and reacts instantly to changes in g loads.
I saw a documentary ca. 20 years ago on a test campaign for such a hydrostatic g suit.
I had this idea a few years ago but was never going to actually test it, so thank you for doing this!
Could also be cavitation and shockwaves in the container.
For an egg launch contest, judged by max time aloft, I mounted a neutrally buoyant egg with sugar water in a soda can. Light weight foam was used to keep the egg centered in the can. A successful test drop from 150" crushed the can by 0.25" suggesting a deceleration capability around 150/0.25=600g. The launch sling shot A-frame used surgical tubing stretched to 80lbf per side. For the 12oz payload, the launch acceleration was 160lbf/0.75lb=213g. The launch vehicle included a parachute in a long "tail" cylinder. Launch position was nose down (bottom of the soda can), so after launch the flight vehicle inverted so the can was flight forward with the parachute cylinder acting like the feathers of an arrow for stable flight to apogee, where the parachute was deployed from the cylinder by reaching the length of fishing line fed by a fishing reel from the launch point. With the parachute deployed the soda can was positioned to dump the sugar water for longer decent time. Worked like a charm. But no trophy for engineer entries to the intern contest.
A Cal Tech graduate told me the neutrally buoyant egg is a well known approach with an acceleration limit at the level which causes the yoke to blast through the shell, since the yoke is denser than the white.
I wonder how many Gees of acceleration the limit is.
Buying a section of pipe with 2 end caps puts you on the FBI watch list
Does alcohol make DUI drivers neutral buoyance? They tend to survive the most outrageous crashes.
I once walked out of a 2nd story window whilst absolutely wasted, landed on the concrete 3m below, got up and went for a bottle of whisky. THEN when I got back I realised I was on the ground and the "door" was 3m up so I had to climb up the sign for the hairdressers on the 1st [ground] floor.
But I was not hurt badly, just bruises and scrapes. Im now a none drinker
@@piccalillipit9211 a neighbour of mine was hit by a car while wasted, no broken bones, maybe some scratches. I guess it's the lack of resistance to the impact, being more "flowy". Though I'm not sure how that protected you against landing on concrete!
@@DenkyManner I can only assume that I landed on my feet and "crumpled" and rolled over with the right amount of resistance to the fall - IDK
There was a slight slope to the ground so maybe that helped? I dont claim to have an answer.
Wow!
Just remember kids..... Rehab is for quitters mmmk. Never give up.
Great video, but I am kinda disappointed you didn’t see the experiment to the end and try the big drop with a larger steel capsule.
Dr Action Lab, you are a genius, a GENIUS.. WOW 😮
This is very useful. Somehow I always manage to crack most of the eggs in the carton on the way home from the grocery store.
Even with neutral buoyancy, the pressure spike might collapse lungs (not unless you were breathing liquid (nasa had smth abt that iirc), or unless you had a pressure compensation device)
Yes! Finally someone else talking about the pressure increase! I thought about this too, and you could just wear a strong suit that resists the pressure.
This while demonstration, especially the end with showing the inside afterwards was all mixed is a great example for concussions, I world think
Here’s an experiment I would love to see you do, if you can do it safely.
Light a piece of paper, or something else that will burn, on fire, and place it in a vacuum chamber. Seal the vacuum chamber, but don’t suck the air out. Instead, wait to see if the fire will eventually go out before the fuel source runs out due to the fire being starved of oxygen. Then observe how much the pressure inside the chamber has changed, if at all. My hypothesis is that if you can find a fuel source that lasts long enough, the fire would go out due to oxygen starvation, but the pressure inside the vacuum chamber would not change, since the matter in the chamber does not disappear, it just undergoes chemical change. However, maybe the same amount of gases emitted by fire would produce a higher or lower pressure than oxygen, which is something I really want to see.
I’m not sure how you would make a fire burn for long enough in a vacuum chamber safely, but if you could pull it off it would be really cool. The question is then: if CO or CO2 is more dense than O2, would that cause the a given mass of CO or CO2 to create a lower/higher pressure than the same mass of O2? You probably already have an answer but it would be cool to see that answer in action.
i like how he put a split screen to show us how a normal egg looks.
I think a non-neutral boyance liquid would work even better. For example a heavier than water egg held loosely at the top of the container. On impact the egg would move downward, and not stop instantly. This would reduce the forces on the egg, maybe keep it from being scrampled. The water spreads out the forces, and the movement of the egg in the container provides more time (less acceleration/force).
So a balance of viscosity and buoyancy to optimize deceleration. By the time the solid hits the wall of the container, the velocity of the solid should be almost 0.
I think the problem with this method would be orientation. This wouldn't work if you took an impact at an angle that didn't benefit from the variable density.
@@Lreclusa It wouldn't help in an additive impact scenario. Does great in multiple changes of direction, but not consecutive impacts in the same vector.
He should have compared the drops with water to neutral buoyancy salt water, to see what the threshold was for each.
Also, what is the effect of adding fluoride to the liquid. 😏
Explains my severe concussion from a rear-end collision.
This is also why helmets can give a false sense of safety, when it comes to concussions. It's not the localized blunt force, it's the acceleration of the brain within the skull.
@@carultch With no visible injury a kid can have a concussion without parents understanding why.
4:28 well yes. Unless you live in the Netherlands.... :x
That was very interesting and intriguing! Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
Also notable: each drop there is a huge pressure spike in the water (that's what decelerates it). So even if the car crash guy is constrained he'd be constrained by what is effectively an explosion.
What would be a perfect cushion is a container that can evacuate the fluid inside at such a rate that the object inside touches the wall with a force that is just a bit shy of breaking it.
A pipe with pneumatic piston would be one example, but that would only work if the direction of the impact is aligned with the piston. A neat design should work in all directions.
This might actually be a pretty realistic scifi setting. Spaceship fighters could survive much higher g forces, if all air from their bodies was removed, and they were submerged in a perfluorocarbon like liquid which they can breathe and that has a similar density to their bodies.
See the first episode of the UFO TV show from the 70s That's how the aliens did it.
If everything inside the alien's skin was exactly the same density, then I might agree with you...but I doubt it would be. If you tried the same drop-test on a human, it would likely kill them, even if they were breathing neutral density fluid.
This concept was used in The Forever War
Demolition Man.
I was really hoping you'll cook that egg that mixed inside. It'd look cool! A harmless prank for the family too for dinner time !
it’d look like an omelet 👍
I feel like showing up for the science fair with a metal pipe like that would get one in trouble these days. 😅
1:20 -- Initial thoughts: Not all parts of the human body have equal density. And extreme gee forces _can_ still damage organs, even if the acceleration is not sudden but ramps up gradually. So while it would almost certainly increase how much sudden acceleration you could withstand, I'm pretty sure there would still be a limit.
4:41 -- There are a number of frames right after the egg is ejected from the container where it looks like you can see the yolk, well before it hit the ground. I think the egg clipped the rim on its way out, but it would take a high speed camera to be sure.
At 6:25 it's the same concept as a shockwave from an explosion a lot of vets experienced in Afghanistan. They came out physically unharmed from combat looking from the outside, but internally they had multiple injuries from the shockwave passing through their bodies.
Traditionally, egg drops are usually won by whoever makes a block of closed-cell styrofoam fit the egg perfectly. This is because the winner is determined by mass. So the strategy of having no way for the egg to move and gain momentum relative to its container, and that container being incredibly light, is essentially optimal. Then it all comes down to finding exactly the right thickness of styrofoam.
We got challenged to used only from a specific list of materials and Styrofoam was not one of them. I opted to try and use all of them and succeeded. 1 plastic bottle, 1 balloon, 5 sheets of notebook paper, 1 yard of string, and 1 small plastic sandwich bag (non-optional as this was to keep the mess down.) So I used the plastic bottle as a cradle, the paper as padding and the balloon as a parachute.
Hardly theoretical, this was eggistential!
Best comment 😁. Sincerely a favorite word made into a pun; I love it too much ;)
Very eggciting eggperiment
About 50 years ago I built an egg-drop container that was based on the idea that it's really hard to break an egg if you try to compress it along the long axis. The container was very small, just a shipping tube about 3" in diameter and 12" long. The egg was inside a balloon, and the neck of the balloon acted as a suspension spring. The balloon was wrapped in enough cotton to let is slide smoothly in the tube, and the front of the tube had a little bit of urethane foam padding. Then I put fins on the back end so it would hit the ground in the desired orientation (and at high speed!). It survived a fall from an airplane doing a pass over a grass airstrip at a couple of hundred feet.
You could probably use a couple (at least 2) really weak springs to hold the egg in the center of the container. They wouldn't do anything for impacts, but they would ensure that the egg doesn't drift towards the walls, and they also wouldn't transfer any energy from the impact into the egg.
I've been floating this idea as an atmospheric reentry device for years.
Egg drop contests will never be the same. (Though this seems to work only with small heights, and the weight of the water will make parachutes and other peripherals less effective.)
No it works as long as the container is big enough so the egg doesn’t touch the sides and durable enough so it doesn’t break open
@@christophermoore6110 would be interesting to see if an impact at terminal velocity the internal density differences inside the egg cause it to break
@@denisl2760 I was wondering that too, but I don’t think so
I got a perfect score on my high school egg drop by simply cutting a nerf football in half, scooping out slightly less than one egg worth of foam, and then taping it shut with the egg inside.
The guy who had insisted on not partnering with me because I "wasn't doing any work" got mad when I got more credit because I didn't work as hard as him. The teacher said that his egg broke and mine didn't, and sometimes design isn't about hard work, it's about function, and mine functioned.
Though he did warn me that in future projects I should put more effort in. Heh
he should have put a very small parachute at one end, so the container will land on its end.
This kind of brings to mind the old (great) movie "The Abyss" where they use perfluorocarbon-fluid with oxygen to fill the lungs in order to not be crushed at extreme diving depths. It's a real thing. Apparently the rat in the movie really did breathe it as shown on screen. That would maybe fix the lungs, as it's coincidentally also quite close to water density. The rest of the organs might be an issue :P
Woa, this experiment seems to have a lot potencial! how many variations can be made? the size of the container, the amount of liquid, speed trayectory tracking, momentum, terminal velocity, a lot of stuff!
Fun fact: the hyperspace travel at the end of the movie _Contact_ featured a similar principle. As well, the movie _Concussion._ (Spoiler for first below)
The humans adding a restraint system nearly got Jodie Foster's character unalived.
When I was at a camp as a kid, we had an afternoon of launching 2 liter bottle rockets with egg payloads. Most of the launches were with parachutes that would either bring down the entire rocket and egg, or separate and just bring down the egg capsule. The last round of testing was bringing the egg down without any parachute. Mine was the only one to survive the last test with the egg wrapped in paper towels then filling the capsule with water. I bet some soaked mat or gelling agent would keep the egg undamaged even with a tight fitting capsule.
Metal music is the last thing I expected to hear on this channel but it worked so well!
Metap pipe but filled with salt water and egg and the ends are capped off.
As a kid sea fishing in a dock, we'd use jiff lemon squeeze bottles (just a plastic hollow lemon with lemon juice in it) half fill it with wax, let it set. Then you have a midway float thay will sit half way betwixt surface and bottom....
Neutral buoyancy might help with impact induced injuries, but then there would be the extremely concerning mater of pressure wave induced injuries : due to the impact, some dratic pressure waves are created within the fluid (hammer effect) their would be extreme consequences at each material change due to differences in accoustic impedance, especially the lungs would be crushed. Mark robbert has made a video a while ago explaining the issue about a grenade exploding underwater : you would get killed by the pressure wave as it would rickochet due to the sudden change of impedance (air/water). Pressure waves can't travel from one medium to the other
Don't forget that the egg shells are also porous, so they also take in salt water which changes the insides of the egg already. Since salt will mess with the fluids inside, the way it is scrambled is different than if it were non porous.
A good description of neutral buoyancy (what odd spelling) could be that there is no other external movements relative to the capsule, such as gas or liquid. Provided that there is an enclosed space, it cannot move within it. I guess the tricky part here is getting it in the centre and making sure it has a border at all points. What is interesting here is the 'Inception' factor. Where the egg is also within its own shell. Something else to keep in mind is that if you shake an egg hard enough it will mix the yolk and white, I think this might be due the contrast of movements: while it is in a motion towards a direction it is redirected.. or it might be a difference between gas and liquid in how it reacts to movement. It would be interesting to see the same expirement with liquid.. so yeah kind of a ramble. Anyway, thanks.
Another Edit: This brings about the question of relative movement. Where the fact that we are encapsulated in a particular motion that is so strong we have very little control of things within it relative to it.
Your brain would still bounce around in your skull in an accident
gotta fill ur skull with naturally Bouyant fluid
I did this experiment with two painters sponges and duct tape. Yeeted it off the 2nd story of the language building 3 times and it never cracked.
Some kid made a buckminsterfullerene model to protect the egg, and it exploded.
I actually think that the sudden pressure change due to the impact might crush the egg (or brain if something similar will happen for cars) if the container isn't strong enough.
The pressure inside the egg and outside the egg would be equal, assuming the egg is filled with an equal density fluid and no air. The sudden increase of pressure would cause the air pocket in the egg to colapse and break the egg.
@@danagillam It wouldn't be equal inside the egg because the hard shell is in the way. Unless the tiny pores in the shell can equalize the pressure that quickly, the outside of the egg will experience a sudden increase of pressure. In addition, this pressure isn't completely uniform. The pressure on the front (relative to the direction of motion) of the egg will be higher than the pressure on the back. The total force from this pressure difference is actually what stops the egg from crashing into the front wall of the container. If this pressure is too large, it could smash the egg. But I don't know how much pressure an egg can withstand. I'll look it up.
@@DANGJOS I would assume the egg shell is as compressible as the liguids inside and out. I will assum that for reasonable pressures they are all equally incompressible. If the egg has no air, then the pressure in the egg will equal the pressure outside the egg at all times. The pressure outside the egg up front would be greater, but the pressure inside the egg up front would be equally greater (than the pressures near the back of the egg inside and out). Their is a net force on the egg, but that net force is the result of all its atoms having a net force. Imagine the egg were a bubble of water with a very thin membrane, it would also not break. Every atom is being accelerated by colisions with the atom infront of it. If the water is compressible, then the egg would flatten as all the molecures move closertogether (towards the front), eventually the egg would reach its elastic limit and break do to the deformation.
@@danagillam I have no doubt that the egg's inside is nearly incompressible just like the water. I just don't understand what you're assuming the pressure must be immediately equal inside versus outside the egg. I understand if you say it's because the eggshell flexes slightly, or the water seeps through the eggshell pores, equalizing the pressure. But without something like that, there is no reason the pressure inside the egg should be equal to the outside when there's a hard, rigid shell around it.
@@DANGJOS In a tank of water the pressure is due to the weight of the water and the depth. During acceleration (sudden stop after a drop) the "G" forces would increase due to the extreamly high acceleration of the water. (FYI: I am refering to negative acceleration as just acceleration, since acceleration like speed is relative, what one person sees as positive acceleration, another observier would see as negative acceleration or deceleration) This acceleration would have the same result as making gravity 10 times greater. If we were to consider a frame of reference of the container with the egg, (camera attached to the container). Then our experience would be that for a split seccond all the atoms of our system suddenly became 10x heavier. Shell or no shell, it does not matter, if the inside is not compressible. Imagine you take that egg to the bottom of the ocean, the pressure around the egg increases, and so does the pressure inside the egg. An egg like this could be taken to the bottom of the ocean and never pop (implode) if the inside is non-compressible. A ballon filled with water taken to the bottom of the ocean would not change volume. Whether the egg has hole or not would not make any difference. The water outside the egg is experiencing the same accelerative forces as the water inside the egg. I suspect you are being confused by those gas laws that equate pressure to volume, but that only works for a compressible gas, not liquids or solids. Chat GPT gets this wrong. In an accelerated environment (High G forces) the relative difference in the boyance of the organs would become significant. Under 1 G the liver might experience a boyant force of 1 gram, causing it to float upward in the body cavity, as it is held in place by connictive tissures. But uner 100 G (highly accelerating invironment) that 10 g of float force becomes 1,000 grams, and this might be enough to pull it out of possition and cause damage. In the egg dropped in the water, at the time of impact the floor pushes on the container (to stop it), the container puses on the water atoms (to stop them), the water atoms push on the next layer of water atoms, (or egg shell), the egg shell having been pushed by the water outside pushes on the water inside, and so on until the top of the container is pused and the whole thing stops moving. (compression wave).
This is one of the coolest action lab videos
5:25 it also looks like there's some cavitation in the water that might have an effect on the egg
One thing you didn't consider is that when you spin the container, the fluid will move inside the container due to inertia, so the fluid will try to stretch the egg as if it was fluid too. It`s possible to see the egg rotating on the clear container, when you apply some rotation to the container. This could move the egg and cause it to hit the walls, or even, with strong enough force, the very fluid could "stretch" it to the breaking point!
@6:30 Your brain after a car crash without air bags.
I had the same thought:
And your organs would be like mashed potato 😂😂😂
Demolition Man back in the early 90s had a futuristic car fill with hardened foam to save Jon Spartan (Stallone) from injury during a high speed crash into a fountain. A great scene, but It'll have to stay in the realm of scifi! At least he could knit himself a new shirt after the crash.
You would probably suffocate from the foam though 😮
@@parttimeuber865 it's the future. They got that issue figured out 😉
Did not see the video yet but man this is the most drastic thumbnail change ever lol.
Something to consider is that this fluid will be incompressible so it will transmit the pressure wave instantaneously. The container should be ABSOLUTELY rigid and non-deformable otherwise the instantaneous pressure increase will destroy you... that's why it can't work in a car.
I'd imagine if the speed was fast enough the yoke could bust through the shell itself, so no matter how well you padded the outside container the sudden change in speed would make the egg break from the inside out.
Beyond density variations between yoke and white, tidal forces rip the egg components apart if you orbit it around an axis.
Amazing demostration.
I had to pause this before you even get started. Sure the shell may not crack, but that yolk is taking the short bus to school from now on. Same reason life long boxers may never have a broken skull yet still have the speech capacity of a 2 year old. Your organs would be ruined after a hard crash. Humans do not like sudden stops. Those rally races where the car flips over 10 times down a hill and eventually stops is safer than a car doing 50-0 from a tree. Ok, time to hit play on your shake a baby, egg test. Edit: I should've let this play to the end.
Plastic peanut butter jar with bubble wrap. Of course, enough bubble wrap just around the egg could slow the descent due to the low mass over cross sectional area thereby slowing the descent from the effect of aerodynamic drag.
I think you want slightly above or below neutrale buoyant. Cars have crumble zones because they spread out the force over longen time, Therefore making them have lower peak load. You would want the same in the almost neutrale buoyant fluid so that you don’t come to a dead stop together with the rest of the system, you want to keep moving forward as fast as possible that slows you to a stop just before you hit one of the containers confines. This way you dispell as much forcé over as long a time as possible. Thereby making the peak impact forcé very low.
Two things. First, did anyone else see the crack that formed in the first slow motion drop in the clear container when the egg was moving back up? Second, if there is any air bubble in the egg, and an increase in pressure during an impact can crush the part of the egg next to the bubble.
Thank you. Now I know a way to scramble eggs to hard boil them afterwards
This is just like the seatbelts on a car. Only difference, is that the force would be spread evenly on all frontal areas of the body, instead of the areas where seatbelt is contacting the body. Idea is the same, to keep the driver in place in relation to the car. But it's not the impact that kills you, it's the fast deceleration that get's you. I would still prefer seatbelts! :D
I think this would reduce impact if say you were surrounded by fluid in a car accident but then the weight of the fluid would probably result in more damage anyway.
i wonder what texture the premixed egg will have if you boil it
In theory this should work exactly the same in extreme acceleration, or really any G-forces. You could hypothetically protect something from an extra strong space-rocket lauch, or even that "space slingshot" thing - if that ever gets off the ground. But the limitation of the object needing close to homogenous density is a very big limitation - and also the weight. I don't think a ton of space is needed though. You could have weak flexible structures or tethers (preferably with equal density) holding the object in the center so that you need only a small margin around it.
Literally the best Experimental Physicist on youtube.
To cool. Love these man. Thanks so much.
Okay I've given it some thought before watching (only a couple seconds in probably). What I imagined is what would happen if I was in a pool on a giant *40 g* planet (made of osmium or something). While I would be neutrally buoyant, that would only be because of my enormous *inertia (weight).* The buoyant force would still be enough to crush me! If I were laying on the pavement, I would definitely be a pancake.
The only difference is the pavement pushes me up in concentrated spots while the buoyant force pushes me up more uniformly, so it's less destructive, but 40 gs should still crush me I would think. The pressure is enormous.
So all in all, I'm not sure if the egg will survive a crash. My guess is, if the g forces are 10s of times higher than gravity, the immediate water pressure increase will crush the egg.
Secondly, because the buoyant force is equal to your inertia, then there's nothing to slow you down. I mean, the initial pressure wave in the water from the crash may be larger and slow you a little, but other than that you (or the egg) should still slam into the wall of the container, slowed only by fluid drag resistance.
Ultimately, you're still going from a high rate of speed to a slow one in a crash immersed in water, so even if you were lighter than the surrounding fluid, you're slowing down in a hurry and that can cause damage for an object of non-uniform density.
Crap!! I made a huge mistake! I'm 14 seconds in now and his initial clips made me realize it. My initial write up of this comment was correct, but I erased part of it and rewrote it because I foolishly thought the forces cancelling meant the egg had to move in the crash. I don't know how I could have made this mistake considering this is the same principal used in the previous neutrally buoyant balloon video. The fictitious force *only* exists in the accelerated frame! I'm really not happy with myself for such a bonehead mistake, right before I posted the comment. It is late and I'm tired, but I shouldn't have messed that up. Anyway, I'll leave the comment as is for future reference of my thought process.
Anyway, everything I said about the egg getting potentially crushed by a large deceleration still stands. And also, the inhomogeneity comment still stands as well. That can cause it to fall apart with enough deceleration. But the buoyant force *is* what decelerates the egg, *not* the wall.
The egg didn't crack, probably because they can withstand high uniform pressure
People can (barely) survive 40g, and it has been done before. Effects: blacking out, temporary blindness
Love the idea, Thank You
Would have loved to see controls i.e. whether the same eggs will crack with regular water, same container, same’ish throw.
If you just use water the slow movement of the egg at impact should reduce the damage to the yoke to a certain point. A shock absorber.
Sixty years ago I suggested this idea for G-Suits. Pilots would not experience gravity if suit was filled with liquid. Babies in the womb are protected this way. The egg protects the embryo buoyancy. Shock waves do disrupt the membranes.
Recent studies into increased suicide rates among soldiers points to micro scar tissue in the brain. It came from all the little shockwaves while training with explosives over the years. The skull didn't crack but the gray matter still felt it
wow very good demonstration,
Nice video sir, and nice to learn something every day
This is used in so many sci fi books to protect the characters during high g maneuvers. I'm glad to see its at least somewhat scientifically based! I remember it in The Forever War, CJ Cherryh books and The Expanse.
Yeah, but won't your insides scramble?
Neutral B is often used during certain types of stunts. Granted, we all know how difficult (if not impossible) it would be to properly adjust every nook and cranny of a capsule, vehicle, or pod in order to restrict damage to the components of its inner core. ESPECIALLY if at least one component... is organic! 😳
This is at least the fifth tarantula escape I've seen on this channel. You would think that at some point, you'd invest in some video surveillance for the Dark Den.
You made a revolutionary new device for mixing the egg white and egg yoke in the shell. Call Ron Popeil.
If you held the egg in the center of a spherical container using a bungee mechanism and had it slightly heavier than the fluid around it then it would have some time to decelerate on impact and come out much closer to unscathed. By the same token you could also probably drop an unprotected egg from a high height to land in a pool of gasoline or ether it should be able to survive from a much larger height than if it's dropped into water because the deceleration will be slower.
Thanks for the fun video, sir.
What if?
1. What happens to an egg if it is placed vertically so that the air bubble inside the egg is at the top? Usually, the air bubble is near the blunt end of the egg. In addition, throw the container with the egg and liquid also vertically, to avoid rotation of the container after impact. Perhaps the yolk membrane tears not from acceleration, but from too much stretching of the membrane that surrounds the yolk.
2. If a single blow in such conditions, even a powerful one, does not lead to the destruction of the insides of the egg, then perhaps it is possible to find a way to save people in those conditions when it is possible to prepare for the impact in advance?
What will happen if you turn on the world's brightest flashlight in room fully made of reflecting walls?
a very bright room
If the deceleration is exactly equaly applied to all the volume, the egg will not be damaged.
The damage happens because the acceleration is only applied to a part of the egg, to to the full egg.
If the same acceleration is applied to all points of a volume, no part get push/pull on that vklume because of that acceleration, so no damage.
Great video as alwsys; personally I think the egg is a suboptimal choice, considering that the hard eggshell resist well hydrostatic stresses. I would suggest redoing the experiment but with a transparent container and a neutrally boulliant balloon containing part gas e part heavy liquids. I think that at impact the gaseous part of the baloon will suddently contract and expand. So, more than the sloshing of different parts of your body, I think that the collapse of your air-filled cavities would be the thing to worry about. Quite like when an explosive goes of near some fish!