Tensegrity Explained

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  • Опубліковано 22 лис 2024

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  • @SteveMould
    @SteveMould  3 роки тому +2705

    Edit: I found out after uploading that the Lego model is the creation of a UA-camr! Check out their channel: ua-cam.com/users/JKBrickworksVideo
    Is there anything you *can't* explain with a 2D model?
    The sponsor is Skillshare: The first 1000 people to use this link will get a free trial of Premium Membership: skl.sh/stevemould01211

    • @zacharygegare7294
      @zacharygegare7294 3 роки тому +84

      4 dimensional space

    • @yboul
      @yboul 3 роки тому +14

      Automatic Measured Bottle Pourer

    • @lordlightspeed
      @lordlightspeed 3 роки тому +30

      the rotation of a 3 dimensional object, you need 4 numbers to do it.

    • @the_hanged_clown
      @the_hanged_clown 3 роки тому +5

      isn't this an example of dymaxion principles?

    • @dirtybirdsf
      @dirtybirdsf 3 роки тому +5

      @@zacharygegare7294 Beat me to it by 30min

  • @AtanvarnoALDA
    @AtanvarnoALDA 3 роки тому +6603

    A third cable makes the table stable!

    • @columbus8myhw
      @columbus8myhw 3 роки тому +366

      With as many rhymes as you're able

    • @Talaxianer
      @Talaxianer 3 роки тому +119

      - Sir William Shakespeare

    • @Salien1999
      @Salien1999 3 роки тому +72

      --"Dr" Seuss

    • @kaenderguru894
      @kaenderguru894 3 роки тому +51

      wow thats incredable

    • @SpydersByte
      @SpydersByte 3 роки тому +14

      @@joshyoung1440 he's just talking about the 3 on the outside, or did you not pay attention?

  • @ungratefulmango
    @ungratefulmango 3 роки тому +32580

    Much like myself, it is being held up entirely by stress.

    • @GreedyOrange
      @GreedyOrange 3 роки тому +1006

      im 14 and this is deep

    • @ronwesilen4536
      @ronwesilen4536 3 роки тому +1526

      @@GreedyOrange i am 24 and it pierces me

    • @1.4142
      @1.4142 3 роки тому +407

      Figuratively and literally because 7:58

    • @GreedyOrange
      @GreedyOrange 3 роки тому +209

      @@1.4142 gotta watch out then,for someone might try to 5:54 you...

    • @alvindarby7182
      @alvindarby7182 3 роки тому +152

      @@ronwesilen4536 I'm 75 and my heart is busted

  • @columbus8myhw
    @columbus8myhw 3 роки тому +3924

    A cool example of tensegrity: bicycle wheels. The spokes are all in tension, meaning they can all be lightweight wires.

    • @florian-schaefer
      @florian-schaefer 3 роки тому +329

      There are even textile spokes made from special polyester that can handle very high tension and are even more lightweight than wires.

    • @joseville
      @joseville 3 роки тому +172

      Wow, you're right! Never had thought about that.

    • @tracypanavia4634
      @tracypanavia4634 3 роки тому +105

      Essentially the hub should hang from the spoke, not sit on it.

    • @No-pm4ss
      @No-pm4ss 3 роки тому +186

      What? Seriously? My entire life, I thought the spokes pointing down carried me through compression. Figured so as a child and it never occurred to me that it might be different...

    • @Maninawig
      @Maninawig 3 роки тому +94

      I am always amazed at spokes, as it seems to my childish thoughts that only 3-5 is in compression against your body, but it uses tensegrity to make the whole wheel hold your weight.

  • @carpenterhillstudios8327
    @carpenterhillstudios8327 Рік тому +36

    Tensegrity structures are magical for many because we are so "matter" driven. matter like rods and beams can be seen and appear solid. Forces cables etc are not so obvious but always present. the anatomy reference was spot on. Your analysis was incisive and consice. never have see the 2d analysis until now. Thank you for your work on this.

  • @suburbanhavoc4997
    @suburbanhavoc4997 3 роки тому +4340

    This makes perfect sense to my brain, but it still confuses my eyes.

    • @minktanker9705
      @minktanker9705 3 роки тому +87

      it might be better to consider the strings as regular columns like table legs

    • @Shitpost162
      @Shitpost162 3 роки тому +9

      @@minktanker9705 probability

    • @MonoChorMe
      @MonoChorMe 3 роки тому +57

      In tbis case, this is in a sense, a visual paradox... rather than a _typical_ mental one. 🙃

    • @gamerp1g
      @gamerp1g 3 роки тому +3

      yeeees

    • @Vekcrazah
      @Vekcrazah 3 роки тому +15

      It's easier to think of it as 'this is not a support structure, but a hanging one'

  • @JKBrickworks
    @JKBrickworks 3 роки тому +6266

    Ha! Pretty cool to see my LEGO version of this model pop up in this video. Cheers!

    • @SteveMould
      @SteveMould  3 роки тому +1084

      Hey KJ. I'm sorry I didn't do enough research to figure out it was you and to mention you in the video. When I get home I'll put a link to your channel on the end screen and I'll mention you in the pinned comment! Thanks for a great model!

    • @vodkat07
      @vodkat07 3 роки тому +16

      Well-

    • @JKBrickworks
      @JKBrickworks 3 роки тому +342

      ​@@SteveMould No worries, man, it's all good. Cheers!

    • @db5094
      @db5094 3 роки тому +96

      @@borkly2491 he made the comment 50 minutes ago, hes prolly still outside chill

    • @isobellabrett
      @isobellabrett 3 роки тому +16

      @@borkly2491 it's changed now

  • @erickleefeld4883
    @erickleefeld4883 3 роки тому +2853

    It’s kind of like a magic trick: All your attention is going to those longer outer wires/strings/chains/etc. But the actual work of holding up the structure is done by that one in the middle, which holds the upper piece so it can hang from the base. The outer wires then keep it in balance.

    • @jeffpeepee3684
      @jeffpeepee3684 3 роки тому +57

      Still it looks like the middle wire wouldn’t be able to that!

    • @kriskater
      @kriskater 3 роки тому +32

      Best explanation 👍🏽

    • @stanlee2200
      @stanlee2200 3 роки тому +6

      Well duh

    • @zinebbekhtaoui5643
      @zinebbekhtaoui5643 2 роки тому +2

      i don't think so cause then it wouldn't hold its shape when it's no longer in a vertical position

    • @Rowgue51
      @Rowgue51 2 роки тому +40

      @@zinebbekhtaoui5643
      The cables are providing tension in opposition to each other. It has nothing to do with orientation or gravity.

  • @gabbyrodems8958
    @gabbyrodems8958 2 роки тому +1145

    This concept would be so cool to apply to earthquake technology in buildings. Super stable along the y-axis, but there’s motion in the x and z axises. Tho I wounded if the concept would break down at a larger scale.

    • @davidwilhite5046
      @davidwilhite5046 2 роки тому +93

      I had that same thought process when I came across this video. I wonder how beneficial it would be in the real world

    • @TheMrPandaGamer1
      @TheMrPandaGamer1 2 роки тому +259

      The only problem i see in this is the fact of a building being incredibly heavy.
      It may work nice with light structure but could be a disaster on heavy structures.

    • @MIZUch.
      @MIZUch. 2 роки тому +200

      @@TheMrPandaGamer1 Yeah, imagine just one support link breaking and the whole thing catastrophically fails

    • @An_Ian
      @An_Ian 2 роки тому +65

      The issue is how would you build such a structure capable of supporting a skyscraper?
      Hell anything larger than a sofa would probably be a marvel if engineering to work long term

    • @PhantomSavage
      @PhantomSavage 2 роки тому +30

      I think the main problem is, if its a skyscraper, how does it hold up under the tremendous weight? It seems pretty stable under normal conditions, but if an earthquake shakes the entire base of the structure to too much of an angle does the whole thing become top heavy and collapse?

  • @eleventhprimarch5303
    @eleventhprimarch5303 3 роки тому +6240

    I want to make enough to replace all of my chairs with giant versions of these and watch my guests freak out.

    • @darshandhabale143
      @darshandhabale143 3 роки тому +386

      Yeah I thought of doing that too, with my tables
      But chairs thats hella awesome

    • @davidhutchison5415
      @davidhutchison5415 3 роки тому +991

      @@attachedflower8008 what's ancient is using the term "special needs" as an insult. Grow up man.

    • @goodassjob7714
      @goodassjob7714 3 роки тому +541

      @@attachedflower8008 "ugh, everyone who isn't as smart as ME, the LARGEST FOREHEAD on EARTH, is MENTALLY DISABLED."

    • @xmo552
      @xmo552 3 роки тому +37

      I've seen chairs like that

    • @bembaure
      @bembaure 3 роки тому +322

      @@attachedflower8008 just because somethings old doesn't mean everyone knows about it

  • @WWLinkMasterX
    @WWLinkMasterX 3 роки тому +2319

    One sentence version: The central rope carries all the weight, all the other ropes just keep it in balance by preventing it from falling to any one side.

    • @SmallSpoonBrigade
      @SmallSpoonBrigade 3 роки тому +56

      Yes, and if you put a weight at the point where the cable connects the top and bottom shifting the center of mass to below the point where the cable attaches to the base, you could probably dispense with the additional cables completely. Of course, the thing would likely pivot around and point in different directions, but it would work with a single connecting cable.

    • @dans4323
      @dans4323 3 роки тому +50

      Exactly, so I was thinking. Could you make a stool with only the load-bearing cable and do the balancing part with your feet while sitting on it?
      This would allow the stool to collapse when not in use for easier storage.

    • @wobblysauce
      @wobblysauce 3 роки тому +5

      And there are a number of those seats available.

    • @Horvath_Gabor
      @Horvath_Gabor 3 роки тому +65

      @@dans4323 So a piece of wood hanging on a wire or chain, without anything under it? Where I came from, we call these revolutionary new sitting apparatuses "swings".

    • @josephmerrill2686
      @josephmerrill2686 3 роки тому +7

      @@SmallSpoonBrigade You could make a prop with a hollow, light weight top and heavy bottom and hide the swing mass and really trip people out! Referring to the "top" piece hanging from the base.

  • @monsterno.definablenever.3484
    @monsterno.definablenever.3484 3 роки тому +5039

    Tensegrity sructures are proof of an old quote: "any sufficiently advanced technology appears as magic"

  • @John_Kennedy27
    @John_Kennedy27 2 роки тому +247

    I think this gets needlessly overcomplicated which is why people get confused despite how simple it is.
    The middle one holds it up and supports the weight. The outer ones stop it from tipping in either direction. This creates a stable equilibrium.

    • @foiled6144
      @foiled6144 Рік тому +10

      thank you that is a way clearer explanation

    • @itsgonnabeanaurfromme
      @itsgonnabeanaurfromme 10 місяців тому +7

      Well yeah that's a simple explanation but poorly defined in terms of mechanics and physics. That's like saying, gravity is easy. Stuff gets pulled to other stuff.

    • @John_Kennedy27
      @John_Kennedy27 10 місяців тому +9

      @@itsgonnabeanaurfromme Hardly poorly defined in terms of the mechanics and physics. Throw in the word tension a few times if you like

    • @jerichobeach2967
      @jerichobeach2967 6 місяців тому +2

      The top is hanging from the bottom. That would be the easiest way for me to learn when i didnt get it at first

    • @agogmystagogue5435
      @agogmystagogue5435 5 місяців тому

      Nah, "holds it up and supports the weight" suggests a compression to me, but there's actually a tension

  • @bencrossley647
    @bencrossley647 3 роки тому +1392

    My dad has been making these for years. He's got a massive one as a table in the garden that confuses the hell out of anyone that visits XD

    • @Warren1138
      @Warren1138 3 роки тому +65

      I was just wondering how big can you make these.

    • @khumbaba
      @khumbaba 3 роки тому +40

      Yo, can you show us a pic?

    • @shannonp4037
      @shannonp4037 3 роки тому +94

      @@Warren1138 As big as you'd like. As noted in the video, there are bridges made similar.

    • @marcelwo4jedynki
      @marcelwo4jedynki 3 роки тому +15

      @@khumbaba he made a video about it on his channel in nearby future

    • @keent
      @keent 3 роки тому +52

      @@marcelwo4jedynki you sir is a time traveller

  • @kale.online
    @kale.online 3 роки тому +1989

    Oh yes that old saying everyone remembers their mother whispering into their ear at night: "two points fixes a line, 3 points fixes a plane"

    • @ndbd9drn
      @ndbd9drn 3 роки тому +70

      lol my parents and uncle told me science-y bedtime stories so that's actually relatable.

    • @ManjotSingh-sf2ri
      @ManjotSingh-sf2ri 3 роки тому +13

      Underrated comment

    • @ambulocetusnatans
      @ambulocetusnatans 3 роки тому +145

      My mum used to say "the force of gravity acting on two objects is inversely proportional to the distance between them." Ah, the memories of youth.

    • @MSheepdog
      @MSheepdog 3 роки тому +40

      My mum always warned me about colinear points.

    • @scottlux2904
      @scottlux2904 3 роки тому +28

      In my family it was "Pi R Squared. No Pi are round. Cornbread are squared."

  • @DanielJohnGaming
    @DanielJohnGaming 3 роки тому +330

    7:38 never in my entire life did I ever think we, as a species, would create a robotic tumbleweed.

    • @rebeccabeiter9458
      @rebeccabeiter9458 3 роки тому +15

      CP Grey must be in shock right now😂

    • @DanteTimberwolf
      @DanteTimberwolf 3 роки тому +17

      *texas cyberpunk 2077*

    • @abadgurl2010
      @abadgurl2010 3 роки тому +2

      Well, things in nature have purposes for their features. I'm surprised that our species didn't think to make a robotic tumbleweed sooner.

    • @SaintAdjacent
      @SaintAdjacent 3 роки тому +4

      @@abadgurl2010 what if tumbleweed is just insects engineering a vehicle? They could be rolling around in there and we'd never know.

    • @joeschmoe511
      @joeschmoe511 3 роки тому

      True. Along with mechanized cigarettes, mechanized joints and a.i. drones.

  • @j2racing
    @j2racing 2 роки тому +47

    I was absolutely not expecting to see my hometown in this video! Brisbane's Kurilpa bridge is pretty unique. I had no idea it was built with tensegrity.

    • @nevillewran4083
      @nevillewran4083 2 роки тому +2

      Brisbane has a clever bit of physics inside public infrastructure? I'm amazed. I've only been back once since Bjelke-petersen was kicked out. It was a backwater than. I'll have to revisit.

    • @kingjezza6567
      @kingjezza6567 2 роки тому +2

      I've seen the bridge many times, as I'm also from Brisbane... and I didn't even know what tensegrity was.... just thought the bridge was creatively build..

    • @nevillewran4083
      @nevillewran4083 2 роки тому +2

      @@kingjezza6567 I always thought tensegrity meant worried and sandy...

  • @PlazDreamweaver
    @PlazDreamweaver 3 роки тому +3906

    This man's house would make the perfect therapy office.

  • @hiface1123
    @hiface1123 3 роки тому +1797

    When will the devs fix this glitch.

    • @subboytris8946
      @subboytris8946 3 роки тому +50

      Probably never

    • @muhammadalvarezafannani2922
      @muhammadalvarezafannani2922 3 роки тому +185

      The dev : it's a feature now

    • @venomasmark14
      @venomasmark14 3 роки тому +72

      I actually heard we're on the verge of getting no more updates, guess the devs have simply gotten bored...then again I heard that from a leaker so it may be a lie

    • @subboytris8946
      @subboytris8946 3 роки тому +5

      @@venomasmark14 yeah

    • @subboytris8946
      @subboytris8946 3 роки тому +43

      @@venomasmark14 there are also bugs about bouncy balls, when you throw it in a straight line you expect it to bounce in a straight line but sometimes it bounces on the left or right

  • @CarpetBombing
    @CarpetBombing Рік тому +25

    WoW, very complex stuff made simple by your 2D explanation. Thank you.

  • @12jojimbo
    @12jojimbo 3 роки тому +649

    Man I bet you could make a really cool musical instrument out of that tensegrity platform. Hit it like a drum and tune the wires to harmonize on a note.

    • @fuseteam
      @fuseteam 3 роки тому +45

      do it do it do it

    • @lukeonuke
      @lukeonuke 3 роки тому +14

      @@thesure1 HARDER!

    • @FMHikari
      @FMHikari 3 роки тому +71

      Instructions unclear, harmonized with a parallel universe

    • @naveen5126
      @naveen5126 3 роки тому +9

      You are smort

    • @maxk4324
      @maxk4324 3 роки тому +25

      Ha! Thats a load of.... Hmmm... One sec [scribbling and calculator noises]... you mad fucking genius.

  • @mikeymegamega
    @mikeymegamega 3 роки тому +513

    I'm desperate to know if it can hold a cup of tea!

    • @navyntune8158
      @navyntune8158 3 роки тому +16

      Don't put it on the wrong side

    • @thatoneguy9582
      @thatoneguy9582 3 роки тому +2

      I wouldn’t trust it but probably

    • @vijayakrishna07
      @vijayakrishna07 3 роки тому

      Kurilpa bridge !

    • @kriss3d
      @kriss3d 3 роки тому +25

      The wire at the center decides that. If you have a even small steel wire it most certainly could hold a gallon easily as well. The outer tension cables decided how much sideways motion it allows.

    • @KevinTan
      @KevinTan 3 роки тому +12

      if you're putting a cup of liquid, make sure its super hot first.
      just kidding, don't do that

  • @jessa1895
    @jessa1895 3 роки тому +619

    Me: showing a 2D version won’t help with anything
    Me not even 20 seconds later: wow that makes sense now

    • @BethanyLowe8773
      @BethanyLowe8773 3 роки тому +9

      Exactly what happened

    • @seriouscat2231
      @seriouscat2231 3 роки тому +5

      "Showing a 2D version did not help me with anything. But less than 20 seconds later I was like wow, that makes sense now." Where has this retarded "me: whoosh / me: splat" style come from?

    • @cirejc2235
      @cirejc2235 3 роки тому +15

      @@seriouscat2231 boomer

    • @seriouscat2231
      @seriouscat2231 3 роки тому +2

      @@cirejc2235, what? Some guy with that name invented it?

    • @sixstringedthing
      @sixstringedthing 3 роки тому +10

      @@seriouscat2231 you know what a meme is right? Same principle. It's a linguistic meme, one of many.

  • @caleb__mtz
    @caleb__mtz 2 роки тому +220

    I've always just seen it as the middle wire actually holding the top part, and the exterior wires balancing the piece

    • @migBdk
      @migBdk 2 роки тому +27

      That is a totally correct way of looking at the problem. It's also my preferred perspective.

    • @tejasagarkar2478
      @tejasagarkar2478 2 роки тому +3

      Yup. Same

    • @louisthelemur1238
      @louisthelemur1238 Рік тому

      Same way I look at it.

    • @jonpong4676
      @jonpong4676 Рік тому +4

      Does this perspective work if you turn the structure 90° and hold it horizontally? There's no more top/bottom part and no balancing.

    • @ZarlanTheGreen
      @ZarlanTheGreen Рік тому

      How? How would the wire hold it up? Why doesn't it just flop down?

  • @guarddog318
    @guarddog318 3 роки тому +741

    Another name for this principle is "dynamic tension".
    It's something I was taught in college, when I was studying to become a mechanical designer.
    In the model from the thumbnail, the shorter, central chain bears the weight of the upper piece, while the 2 longer chains act to keep the balance, and keep the upper piece from falling backwards.
    It's an interesting exercise in learning to see lines of force, and how they interact with each other.

    • @RicoLee27
      @RicoLee27 3 роки тому +8

      That is the simple explanation that made me finnaly understand it.

    • @marcokik677
      @marcokik677 3 роки тому

      This reminds me of metal bending

    • @slashgamere
      @slashgamere 3 роки тому

      Thank you for this information

    • @MeatBunFul
      @MeatBunFul 3 роки тому

      Very easy to understand this explanation. Thanks

    • @erichansen3180
      @erichansen3180 3 роки тому

      Interesting that you learned it in engineering/design, I learned the concept in anatomy, our bodies are built this way.

  • @ilovefunnyamv2nd
    @ilovefunnyamv2nd 3 роки тому +416

    3D Model: WHAT IS THIS SORCERY?
    2D Model: Oh I get it
    3D Model again: Its Magic
    2D Model again: The rubber bands really make this easier to understand because of the visual stretching

    • @justinlavine9209
      @justinlavine9209 2 роки тому +1

      None of these models are in 2D. There are at least 3 spatial dimensions under consideration in each example.
      The direction of these applied forces has nothing to do with the imaginary force of gravity (which is a lie) and everything to do with the very real weight & mass of the objects used in the examples.
      To the extent that the "tensegrity" in these examples are immobile, this requires the summation of these forces within the system to be zero. i.e. in static equilibrium.

    • @ilovefunnyamv2nd
      @ilovefunnyamv2nd 2 роки тому +13

      @@justinlavine9209 yes, even a sheet of paper , the lead on the paper, or a strand of hair has thickness, and as such is not limited to the x-y planes.
      I'm sure the you've always learned your physics with extraplanstory forces included. for the rest of us, we started with simpler concepts like a mass on a frictionless surface.

    • @justinlavine9209
      @justinlavine9209 2 роки тому

      @@ilovefunnyamv2nd I actually abandoned my college education in engineering & mathematics after seeing the atrocities Americans were committing for their scientific theories.
      I have a family member who was involved in the Challenger disaster and got to watch the shuttle burn up on launch as a school child. The failure that is NASA was then rewarded for committing this National tragedy by being given a bigger budget to hire Tom Hanks and shoot the movie 'Apollo13'. At least SETI was more or less shut down...at least until Google(TM) & Elon Musk decided to jump on the pseudo-science bandwagon.

    • @raiyiar
      @raiyiar 2 роки тому +8

      @@justinlavine9209 yea, i kinda see the point of you being away from real people being a win-win - nobody poops at the parties, and you get to don the tinfoil in style online

    • @justinlavine9209
      @justinlavine9209 2 роки тому

      @@raiyiar Thank you! With a real job, I actually have free time and enough money to afford my own place.

  • @jggerhardsson3559
    @jggerhardsson3559 3 роки тому +371

    Talks about Tensegrity.
    Sponsorship: no strings attached.

  • @studiosandi
    @studiosandi Рік тому +2

    That is incredibly interesting! Thank you so much for taking the time to make this video❤

  • @protorhinocerator142
    @protorhinocerator142 3 роки тому +458

    This is one of those videos I almost clicked on for a couple weeks and then finally watched.
    Glad I did. Not an optical illusion. The cables actually hold the structure together.
    Cool.

  • @duggeeo4147
    @duggeeo4147 3 роки тому +410

    this feels like one of those troll face infinite energy jokes

    • @TehGamerPro
      @TehGamerPro 3 роки тому +46

      Step 1. Cover yourself in oil.

    • @kirbomatic1573
      @kirbomatic1573 3 роки тому +48

      1. Stress wires
      2. Make a table with the top connected to the bottom with said wires
      3. Floating table
      U mad scientists?

    • @smug303
      @smug303 3 роки тому +1

      @BB Jerry actually, it's step 3

    • @junkyyard2273
      @junkyyard2273 3 роки тому

      @@smug303
      Was that in the procedures?

    • @smug303
      @smug303 3 роки тому +1

      @@junkyyard2273 what?

  • @lazerwing3022
    @lazerwing3022 3 роки тому +582

    ah yes: "the string wants to collapse but constant stress is keeping it up"

    • @fpv568
      @fpv568 3 роки тому +67

      relatable

    • @ian59
      @ian59 3 роки тому +13

      The set up and the spike. You guys should play volleyball together.

    • @user-ko4zp1wm2i
      @user-ko4zp1wm2i 3 роки тому +7

      Maybe i am Not human but tensegrity

    • @anujbangad3973
      @anujbangad3973 3 роки тому +3

      *Underrated*

    • @YataTheFifteenth
      @YataTheFifteenth 3 роки тому +1

      Mood

  • @Shootingstarcomics
    @Shootingstarcomics 2 роки тому +11

    It doesn’t float. It hangs.

  • @TheMento98
    @TheMento98 3 роки тому +547

    7:20 Why didn't my science teachers ever show us this kind of shit when they wanted us to make vessels to protect a raw egg in an egg drop?

    • @rogerroberts1310
      @rogerroberts1310 3 роки тому +17

      You were there to LEARN

    • @RCAvhstape
      @RCAvhstape 3 роки тому +81

      It was a test to see which of us could figure it out. If you did, the aliens took you away to train you as a Gunstar pilot #LastStarfighter

    • @dakewllicher3522
      @dakewllicher3522 3 роки тому +24

      @@rogerroberts1310 sure, learn? With 0 examples? That aint possible

    • @rogerroberts1310
      @rogerroberts1310 3 роки тому +22

      @@dakewllicher3522 In other words you expect to be fed answers to problems vs applying your understanding of what you need to do to obtain the needed results? Follow that reasoning and you will fail at some point simply because you have to continue to develop new understanding and new processes. If you don't you live in the past and what you know no longer has value.

    • @dakewllicher3522
      @dakewllicher3522 3 роки тому +22

      @@rogerroberts1310 funny, your telling me you can learn how anything works, without an example to actually know what your supposed to do? I said examples not straight up answers 2 diffrent things idiot.

  • @BR0JASON
    @BR0JASON 3 роки тому +78

    The part about tensegrity in nature reminds me of something from "Structures: Or, Why Things Don't Fall Down" by J.E. Gordon. He said trees are under compression on the inside and tension on the outside. I thought that was neat.

    • @NemesisRider
      @NemesisRider 3 роки тому +2

      Gordon writes some good books! His “New Science of Materials” book makes a quite tricky field (to me at least) feel relatively accessible too.

    • @BR0JASON
      @BR0JASON 3 роки тому +1

      I’m hoping to read that one soon.

  • @rickr8469
    @rickr8469 3 роки тому +34

    Steve, you inspired me to create my own tensegrity model in my hobby machine shop. I used guitar strings and guitar string tuners to adjust tension on the three corners. The outside strings were .036" guitar strings and the center was .046". The heavier center string makes a higher pitch than the thinner outside strings when you "pluck" them. Opposite of what they would do on a guitar. That supports the assumption that each outside string carries 1/3 of the load of the center (ignoring the weight of the top half of the structure). My model turned out great and gets many comments. Keep the videos coming , l always look forward to your new releases.

    • @kerosan138
      @kerosan138 3 роки тому +1

      Whoa! That's really cool! Good job man!

  • @wojtekpolska1013
    @wojtekpolska1013 2 роки тому +1

    out of all the surprising stuff you showcased in other videos, this is one which i immiedetely just understood, probably something just "clicked" before and i understood it just from the thumbnail

  • @mayassf
    @mayassf 3 роки тому +138

    The way I saw tensegrity explained (that’s an entirely different explanation from Steve’s) that really made it “click” for me is that the top structure is hanging from the bottom one, and the wires around the outside stabilize it. Once I learned that things just snapped into place for me and I feel like I can understand it.

    • @crackedemerald4930
      @crackedemerald4930 3 роки тому +6

      Yea it's kinda cheeky when you realise that.

    • @Nurr0
      @Nurr0 3 роки тому +5

      That... Actually makes so much sense. Thanks!

    • @Anankin12
      @Anankin12 3 роки тому +10

      Wasn't it obvious? It's the first thing I thought when I saw the thumbnail.
      Asking because different people notice different things

    • @oofusmcdoofus
      @oofusmcdoofus 3 роки тому +5

      @@Anankin12 it was obvious for me
      but things are only obvious once you realize them

    • @luvlasagna
      @luvlasagna 3 роки тому

      Ooohh holy shit it finally clicked for me. Thank you!

  • @rjd9c899
    @rjd9c899 3 роки тому +117

    "it wants to collapse but constant stress wont allow it" -some weird cool model

    • @vhroom3436
      @vhroom3436 3 роки тому +13

      Thats a bit too relatable

    • @ApequH
      @ApequH 3 роки тому

      @@vhroom3436 Totally

  • @ubermonkee
    @ubermonkee 3 роки тому +252

    I've seen quite a few examples of this recently but no-one ever mentions wire spoked wheels, literally the original example. For years as a child I thought they were made of a special material that could hold my weight until a teacher said it is the ones at the top stopping you fall, not the ones on the bottom holding you up.

    • @wolf1066
      @wolf1066 Рік тому +38

      And the ones at the sides are stopping the thin rim from just collapsing into a buckled oblong when you put stress on it. They force the rim to remain circular and they centre it on the hub so has sideways rigidity. It's a brilliant piece of engineering, really.

    • @factChecker01
      @factChecker01 Рік тому +5

      Good point!

  • @carrotylemons1190
    @carrotylemons1190 3 роки тому +247

    I always thought of it as the center cable holds the upper plate up, while the other three stabilise it.

  • @theliar4558
    @theliar4558 3 роки тому +136

    "That's my secret, cap. I'm always stressed."

  • @drboze6781
    @drboze6781 3 роки тому +74

    7:38 - Finally, a synthetic tumbleweed.

    • @TheNasaDude
      @TheNasaDude 3 роки тому +3

      @@FirstNameLastName-rh6zc i don't think so, vegetals in general are not. Their components work both in tensipn and compression (even the trunk works in tension when it's windy)
      But I can imagine a cyberpunk future where tumbleweed is robotic

    • @420mralucard
      @420mralucard 3 роки тому

      @@FirstNameLastName-rh6zc
      No because the pieces are touching each other with both tension and compression on them.

    • @godricktheminecrafted3113
      @godricktheminecrafted3113 3 роки тому

      This is going to be used in Wild West plays in a robot post apocalyptic utopia

    • @tumblevveed3586
      @tumblevveed3586 3 роки тому

      Just your average Guy called Christopher I think they are already preparing for it. You should see the mountains of tumbleweeds blowing around right now here in the Oklahoma Panhandle.

  • @Linguae_Music
    @Linguae_Music 2 роки тому +45

    You could create ringing percussive instruments with incredibly long sustain using something like this. and you could have them all connected by a series of tensors, as a single unit, which would allow them to interact with each other harmonically like an even more harmonically integrated harp... but percussive...
    Think something like singing bowls, but all integrated into each other through the harmonic series and the natural resonances of their structures travelling along the tensors, while still retaining their own voice in the system.
    :O like this would literally be incredible.
    But it would be a BITCH to tune(the tensors)and to design.
    EDIT: digitally controlled tensor tuning mechanism. with selectable presets :D

    • @malegria9641
      @malegria9641 8 місяців тому +1

      I’m a percussionist and you have given me some very expensive ideas

  • @ChongFrisbee
    @ChongFrisbee 3 роки тому +94

    4:31 That is a very old saying indeed

    • @SteveMould
      @SteveMould  3 роки тому +36

      Wisdom of the ancients

    • @benjaminmiller3620
      @benjaminmiller3620 3 роки тому +37

      "... non-co-linear points..." to be pedantic.

    • @SteveMould
      @SteveMould  3 роки тому +26

      @@benjaminmiller3620 that's the kind of pedantry I like

    • @Kokurorokuko
      @Kokurorokuko 3 роки тому +2

      @@benjaminmiller3620 points can't be collinear. Lines and vectors can... To be pedantic

    • @1.4142
      @1.4142 3 роки тому +6

      @@Kokurorokuko Three points on the same line can be.

  • @HBA_Detailing
    @HBA_Detailing 3 роки тому +155

    Website: Stirling engines
    *Sells table*

    • @nobodynemoq
      @nobodynemoq 3 роки тому

      Steve makes a video
      TABLES SOLD OUT

  • @israelRaizer
    @israelRaizer 3 роки тому +270

    Me: *knows how tensegrity works*
    Steve: *makes a video explaining tensegrity*
    Also me: *watches the video anyway because it's Steve*

    • @lokikuro4236
      @lokikuro4236 3 роки тому +5

      Also me : see's a "ball" with tensegrity applied to and has my mind blown.

    • @steampunknord
      @steampunknord 3 роки тому +3

      Same, but I still learnt the name of the tensegrity bridge in the city I live in. That and that it's tensegrity structure. I thought it just had a fancy design.

    • @adrianderroni4043
      @adrianderroni4043 3 роки тому +1

      You are in tensegrity with this Channel!

    • @SegularRpork
      @SegularRpork 3 роки тому +1

      I watched because I know Steve goes into detail, I can understand it betterz instead of a basic visual and physical understanding.

    • @flaviusclaudius7510
      @flaviusclaudius7510 3 роки тому +1

      Tensegrity seems really obvious in how it works, but it's reassuring to watch and make sure I haven't missed something

  • @corbai
    @corbai 2 роки тому +2

    me in class watching science videos like this: 🙄😴🤮🤨😡👺
    me at home watching these videos: 😃😌😲🤓🤠🥴🙂

  • @WillPeterson
    @WillPeterson 3 роки тому +223

    Have you guys noticed how strange the URL of this video is? "0onncd0_0-o"
    It even has an emoji "surprised" face in it.

  • @darktechno8321
    @darktechno8321 3 роки тому +334

    It really took me a while to realise the middle string is pulling the top part up. It is so confusing xD

    • @CamoShirt
      @CamoShirt 3 роки тому +22

      its not pulling it up its holding the weight and the other 3 wires are basically guy-wires to keep it from falling over like a tentpole with 3 guy-wires

    • @borasumer
      @borasumer 3 роки тому +15

      Obviously you need more time then a while. The middle string not pulling anything up. It hold the weight of the top disk and the arm attached to it. The rest 3 wires are just for the horizontal integrity.

    • @telectronix1368
      @telectronix1368 3 роки тому +11

      holding rather than pulling

    • @MollyHJohns
      @MollyHJohns 3 роки тому +2

      This makes me think of the self standing balancing bird toy, somehow.

    • @despinoladasilva
      @despinoladasilva 3 роки тому

      Have you understood it yet? Lol... still not until today? Lol...

  • @dizquier91
    @dizquier91 3 роки тому +66

    We own that exact baby toy. I love playing with that thing. Oh, and our Daughter does too I guess.

  • @juliancourtland-smith8917
    @juliancourtland-smith8917 8 місяців тому +1

    Never heard of Tensegrity before, even though I went to Art School which included architecture! Great explanation Steve and a brilliant video. :-)

  • @insanejughead
    @insanejughead 3 роки тому +32

    5:10 Come on, come on, get down with the stiffness!
    Madness has now come over me.

  • @weeeeems
    @weeeeems 3 роки тому +193

    Funny that this same lego model from JK Extras was recommended to me from youtube about an hour ago. UA-cam must have been using your private video in it's algo deciding what I might want to see...

    • @harry.tallbelt6707
      @harry.tallbelt6707 3 роки тому +18

      I got it recommended a few days ago, and after seeing this video popping up in my sub box, my brain went on a bit of a rollercoaster, thinking about how UA-cam algorithm plants ideas in our brains. Like, on the first glance it's terrifying. But then, the algorithm doesn't try to show you some stuff it wants (well, probably), it just shows people videos that similar people enjoyed watching. But then you take this idea from the context of a bunch of geeky guys and apply it to some bunch of fasci guys, and it gets scary again. But maybe the algorithm does correct for that? But then it /does/ show people what /it/ wants sometimes.
      I'm mostly typing it because it was curious to think about, I'm not a weird conspiracy theory person. Then again, those people are in a different UA-cam bubble and wouldn't find this video that easily - oh, shi..

    • @gracefool
      @gracefool 3 роки тому +15

      @@harry.tallbelt6707 yes, the way social media works absolutely does encourage people to become gradually more extreme over time. The phenomenon is called a "filter bubble" - it's a bias that happens naturally, but social media makes it much worse, unless you make an effort to sometimes watch / include in your newsfeed material or people you disagree with.

    • @ABCD-rn6tk
      @ABCD-rn6tk 3 роки тому

      Lol same here

  • @NightEye87
    @NightEye87 3 роки тому +45

    I'm a structural engineer. This is my work. I still watched because it's Steve.

    • @armadillito
      @armadillito 3 роки тому +5

      Sometimes it helps to hear a good explanation of your expert subject written for the ley person. And it's Steve.

  • @Leoninmiami
    @Leoninmiami Рік тому

    This is insanely awesome. BRILLIANT! The object is essentially balanced from "the top" instead of "the bottom".

  • @joshclough4789
    @joshclough4789 3 роки тому +9

    Hi Steve, really good video. I've just graduated from university for Mechanical & Materials Engineering. Though not at all relevant to my personal work, I found your video really enjoyable & stimulating, you have such a calm and relaxed way of explaining things, you're a natural teacher. Thanks!

  • @camerontyler1386
    @camerontyler1386 3 роки тому +38

    Finally! A random youtube recommendation that I learned something from. Thank you for the video it was quite informative and answers the questions i'd wondered about how these structures/designs worked.

  • @jonathan.gasser
    @jonathan.gasser 3 роки тому +19

    "By changing the length of the cables in tension, you can actually move the structure around robotically"
    *Structure rolls down the hill*

  • @ionageman
    @ionageman 3 роки тому +7

    First time I saw a tensegrity table , it took me forever to puzzle it .. now I see the forces in action at a glance .. beautiful structure .. it’s being held in place from falling over , similar to somebody helping you up by leaning back to balance the forces .

  • @xotmatrix
    @xotmatrix 3 роки тому +4

    I first saw this demonstrated 40 years ago in Kenneth Snelson's "Needle Tower" sculpture at the Hirshhorn Museum and I doubt a month has gone by since that I haven't thought about its bewildering nature. Thanks for helping me understand it better.

  • @insanlutfi
    @insanlutfi 3 роки тому +17

    it's 3am here in my country and youtube recommended something THAT I REALLY CURIOUS ABOUT.
    amazin

  • @TheRunners06
    @TheRunners06 3 роки тому +23

    I had never seen tensegrity structures before and I thank you for bringing it to my attention. That being said, although I understand these structures on an intellectual level, just looking at them makes me instinctually angry because it feels like someone found a loophole in physics.

    • @justinlavine9209
      @justinlavine9209 2 роки тому

      Lol. I'm just jealous of the people getting paid to make interesting looking bric-a-brac while I can barely get a job.

  • @oliverdiamond6594
    @oliverdiamond6594 10 місяців тому +1

    i made one of these with lego and string, it worked really well, suprisingly easy to make too.

  • @psydemekum
    @psydemekum 3 роки тому +157

    This looks so fake! Even i understand how it works, my brain still says, no way this is real and functional.

    • @maximusy8311
      @maximusy8311 3 роки тому +2

      It is real, try to make a Lego one, it's not magic, *its gravity*

    • @Mike__B
      @Mike__B 3 роки тому +5

      @@maximusy8311 *electromagnetism* actually, as that's all tension and compression is atoms and molecules trying to pull apart or squeeze closer.

    • @maximusy8311
      @maximusy8311 3 роки тому +1

      @@Mike__B well yeah makes more sense..

    • @trumtrum5136
      @trumtrum5136 3 роки тому +1

      @@maximusy8311 He said he understands how it works, but his mind still denies it

    • @annaclarafenyo8185
      @annaclarafenyo8185 3 роки тому

      @@Mike__B electromagnetism and electron exclusion forces.

  • @Pinupopinion
    @Pinupopinion 3 роки тому +15

    If they do not call that robot a "rolly pulley" I am going to have a rage induced stroke.

  • @benammiswift
    @benammiswift 3 роки тому +37

    Why do I feel the need to make a coffee table using this now

    • @autohmae
      @autohmae 3 роки тому +1

      I was thinking dining table

    • @jasonatkins6111
      @jasonatkins6111 3 роки тому +1

      @@autohmae Neither of them will ever get made.

    • @autohmae
      @autohmae 3 роки тому +2

      @@jasonatkins6111 Lots of people already did.

  • @jamesclark4
    @jamesclark4 11 місяців тому +2

    Now i want a full sized table like this

  • @JPStarto
    @JPStarto 3 роки тому +4

    3:34 I wanted him to do this since I first saw the 2D model. I'm satisfied now

  • @karhammer
    @karhammer 3 роки тому +8

    I tried speculating how this was possible with just the thumbnail, to my surprise, for the first time I wasn't all that off, felt awesome! Thanks.

  • @rodneyarmstrong3813
    @rodneyarmstrong3813 3 роки тому +8

    The cable in the center dropping down is keeping it from collapsing down and the side cables keep it stable. So all the weight you put on the table is held from the center cable.

  • @9o261
    @9o261 Рік тому +7

    The central string and curved arms stop the top and bottom plates from moving towards each other, and the outer 3 strings prevent them from moving away from each other.

  • @Spaghetty
    @Spaghetty 3 роки тому +25

    i always keep forgetting what this principle of physics is called. Then i realized that Tense=stress. Stress on the wire is what keeps it up, Tensegrity

    • @Rayquesto
      @Rayquesto 2 роки тому

      @Egor Lobaskin the stressgrity tensor

  • @Jestou
    @Jestou 3 роки тому +5

    Never thought I'd see Brisbane in a Steve Mould video! It's actually a pretty wicked bridge!

    • @sixstringedthing
      @sixstringedthing 3 роки тому +1

      As a Sydneysider I never knew it existed. Off to Wikipedia!
      I'd come at look at it in person, but, y'know... Queenslanders....
      ;)

    • @StephensCrazyHour
      @StephensCrazyHour 3 роки тому +1

      It's a hideous monstrosity that I've suddenly gained a lot of respect for.

  • @thechoripankiller
    @thechoripankiller 3 роки тому +89

    People still can't grasp this, imagine when you tell them that bike's spokes are also in tension and not compression

    • @iamfuckingyourwaifuandther2743
      @iamfuckingyourwaifuandther2743 3 роки тому +5

      Rip brain

    • @thechoripankiller
      @thechoripankiller 3 роки тому +10

      ​@@iamfuckingyourwaifuandther2743 _" When a bicycle wheel is built, the spokes all start out loose, then they are gradually made tighter and tighter. When complete, every spoke pulls the hub towards the rim, but all the spokes are in balance, so the hub and the rim stay put (if you screw this process up, the rim usually folds over to one side, possibly ruining it). This process is occasionally referred to as pre-tensioning, because you are putting tension in the spokes, even before they wheel has to support any load._
      _It's hard to visualize (I suggest looking at a bicycle wheel), but every spoke is pulling on the hub simoultaneously, in all directions. The tension in every spoke is (very close to) identical. What's interesting is what happens to the wheel when a load is applied (someone gets on the bike). If you measure the tension in all the spokes, only those spokes in the bottom of the wheel change tension significantly - the tension decreases. In other words, the bottom spokes become more loose, all the other spokes remain unchanged. "_

    • @Nathan-kw2hs
      @Nathan-kw2hs 3 роки тому +3

      Imagine spokes being in compression, they would all buckle instantly

    • @schvanger
      @schvanger 3 роки тому

      false and stupid. the rim of the bicycle is compressed takes the tensile loading of the spokes. Only tension is not possible. Tension and compression must balance out. if they aren't, the system needs to expand the boundaries that you're placing on it.

    • @Greasyspleen
      @Greasyspleen 3 роки тому

      @@schvanger I believe there's no compression. Maybe Steve could build a bicycle wheel out of string to settle the argument.

  • @MattDoesNothing
    @MattDoesNothing 2 роки тому +1

    You know those stupidly great idea that came up in your head before you fall asleep? How this thing work is the perfect example of those idea. When you wake up, you will remember only string, float and forgot the rest.

  • @VezeTech
    @VezeTech 3 роки тому +18

    This would be perfect for those egg drop tests

  • @Tom_Tom_Klondike
    @Tom_Tom_Klondike 3 роки тому +4

    Love the 2D explanations! Thanks Mr..Mould!

  • @nickhayley
    @nickhayley 3 роки тому +8

    What a cool video. Learned something new. You're a great presenter and educator, Steve. Deserve all the successes.
    Cheers,
    Nick

  • @ivyleague3224
    @ivyleague3224 2 роки тому +2

    I have never seen anything like this, very cool. Thank you for sharing

  • @_sqwid
    @_sqwid 3 роки тому +57

    Stays up through constant stress. I’ve seen this one before

  • @at6727
    @at6727 3 роки тому +6

    your hard work and simplicity has resulted in the exponential growth of your channel, Steve!

  • @garyhilson7220
    @garyhilson7220 Рік тому

    I just love these videos. Teaching novice how fun engineering is without Statics, Dynamics, Calculus, Diff Eq, Strengths of Materials, Materials Science, years of learning and sleepless nights for 4-5 years of study. Good times!!!!

  • @andrewince8824
    @andrewince8824 3 роки тому +5

    Bike wheels rely purely on tension. About 20 years ago Tioga demonstrated this with a crazy wheel using a complex string system and more recently we're seeing kevlar and carbon chord spokes. Initial results are good too. Such spokes might be the future for XC and consumer mountain bikes offering superb strength, reduced weight and a nice bit of damping.

  • @Vikanuck
    @Vikanuck 2 роки тому +1

    At 8:59 or so, if he looks at anyone and just says “You really like me” with that exact look on his face - like it or not, you _WILL_ end up liking this man very, very much.

  • @sixstringedthing
    @sixstringedthing 3 роки тому +4

    This is definitely one of those videos that make you think "why was I not already subscribed to this channel?!"
    I could kinda sorta almost understand how it worked by looking at it, the 2D model did a great job of filling in the blanks.

  • @Flatunello
    @Flatunello 3 роки тому +94

    The most crucial tensegrity structure was, of course, Buckminster Fuller's geodesic dome. I designed four college auditoriums covered in them, in addition to others during my engineering career.

    • @Yggdrasil42
      @Yggdrasil42 2 роки тому

      Wait, I thought they were all compression, the rods that form the dome shape. Are there tension cables I didn't see? Must've been cool to work on those projects.

    • @RandomAmbles
      @RandomAmbles 2 роки тому +5

      @@Yggdrasil42 You're right. Off-the-Mark here's got things a bit messed up.
      A geodesic dome isn't a tensegrity structure. It's not got it's compressive members separated.
      Buckminster Fuller popularized and named both structures though.
      I believe you can make geodesic-like domes in a form that uses tensegrity. Fuller might have even designed one. But it's not the classic Buckminster Fuller Geodesic Dome.

  • @darkphoenix68
    @darkphoenix68 3 роки тому +9

    Love tensegrity structures. And love recognising the bridge I often walk across at 8:20 :-)

  • @valles6903
    @valles6903 Рік тому

    Only 4 minutes of your video, and I imideatly understood the concept. Thank you!

  • @Strlz_Remtachi
    @Strlz_Remtachi 3 роки тому +8

    I tried to explained this to my friends like 2 or 3 months ago...
    I just told them:
    "the string in the center prevents the top part from falling and the 3 side strings keeps it balanced. Basically, if there were only 3 directions; example: North, East, and West, If the East string is gone, the opposite side(North west) because nothing prevents it from falling to that direction, like a balanced see-saw, if the kid from the left goes away, the kid from the right falls."
    that's the best and simplest way I could explain it to them without and scientific terms... but only 6 of 14 understood it lol

  • @joeking4206
    @joeking4206 3 роки тому +5

    Your videos are great. I have bought a tensegrity thing for my grand daughter. I'll make an engineer of her yet!
    Just one small point of pedantry, but it's important for an excellent lecturer such as yourself: it's more than one CRITERIA, but only one CRITERION. It is a very common error, perhaps I am a dinosaur and it doesn't really matter.

  • @trapezius77
    @trapezius77 3 роки тому +7

    Never seen anything like this before... earned a subscribe! I am still in awe of the structure!

  • @thegoner
    @thegoner 2 роки тому +2

    I love these too much. When i forgot the name for them i was so sad but now i know again!!!

  • @stingray1irwin0
    @stingray1irwin0 3 роки тому +6

    I had that toy as a child and completely forgot about it until I saw this video and it gave me a HUGE rush of multisensory memories. Incredible.

  • @GabrielGosselin
    @GabrielGosselin 3 роки тому +29

    Like the old saying goes: « Two points fixes a line, three points fixes a plane. »
    Steve laughed, I laughed, the Tensegrity table laughed, I shot the tension.

  • @rodatwhodesign
    @rodatwhodesign 3 роки тому +8

    Very interesting stuff; a great breakdown of the principles for us non-engineers. Thanks!

  • @JustAPersonWhoComments
    @JustAPersonWhoComments Рік тому +2

    In a tensegrity structure, the tension elements (typically cables or wires) are in a state of continuous tension, while the compression elements (typically struts or rods) are in a state of continuous compression. The tension elements pull the compression elements towards each other, while the compression elements push back against the tension elements, creating a balance of forces that results in a stable structure

  • @johnchessant3012
    @johnchessant3012 3 роки тому +18

    I want to make one of these now.

    • @23Scadu
      @23Scadu 3 роки тому +4

      I want to make a tensegrity coffee table or desk.

    • @lya__
      @lya__ 3 роки тому +2

      @@23Scadu I'd also love one. The channel Evan and Katelyn made one and it turned out so well 😍

    • @TheNasaDude
      @TheNasaDude 3 роки тому +1

      DO IT!

  • @hansnorleaf
    @hansnorleaf 2 роки тому +9

    I immediately imagined a scifi city built atop a scaled up version of this, but it would seem a bit risky as the whole structure will collapse if the central cable snaps. I supose there could be more than one center cable for redundancy and I would prably fit it with six cables along the circumference.

    • @ItsAsparageese
      @ItsAsparageese Рік тому

      This is a super cool concept! Makes sense for a sort of settlement on a planet surface with frequent earthquakes or something

  • @oldcowbb
    @oldcowbb 3 роки тому +7

    Every engineering student who took static class: what's so special about the structure

    • @dtkedtyjrtyj
      @dtkedtyjrtyj 3 роки тому +1

      I learned about it in high school.

    • @EmperorNaval
      @EmperorNaval 3 роки тому +1

      I simplyb don’t support thia statement

  • @Somethirdthing
    @Somethirdthing 2 роки тому

    I love this guy, he always looks like he's just getting over a cold. Much love, thanks!