I just had a thought. This can be implemented as such a huge prank. Imagine buying a $1500 gaming pc and when you boot it up, you are greeted with "Microsoft Windows Version 3.00"
you could see 2080 depending on how old you are and if you are willing to go cyborg or even further than that because that tech will likely be here before 2080 :) @@adventureoflinkmk2
I still remember how my then best friend got a new computer with Windows 98. Man it was everything you have been hoping for. I got my first computer later in 2000 with a 933 Mhz Pentium 3 and Windows Me(h), but it had Age of Empires 2 bundled with it. I played the shit out of it. Man time sure does fly...today we have access to everything but it's not as fun as it was back then when you were restricted. It was much sweeter.
Sometimes, when freedom cease to exist, it sure is crisis. But when you look back, it hits you back. P.S:- I never have been good at poetry or the whole wide expansion of English Literature.
Well....actually...I think it's because of the FreeDOS Preinstalled drivers, I'm also installing Windows 98 to USB Stick and I could move my USB Mouse around.
fascinating to see someone bringing us old timers windows into view thank you so much for your video it was lovely watching this today so refreshing to see these videos, much love!
I was so anti-upgrade when ME/2k came out... I rode the 98 wave as long as I could, then ironically did exactly the same with XP... I literally did everything possible to avoid upgrading. The openness of the old OS's was so appealing to me. Everything seemed to become so much harder to do as OS's were updated.
there is nothing harder about doing things on W11 vs Vista or XP - in fact, you likely can do it easier now (for anything you might want to do today, as aposed to something from way back when you want to do now for the nestalgia and not the actual use of it, if you get what I mean).
Few things to mention. You CAN make the USB work in Windows 98, there are universal USB storage drivers available. Also you can play with Novell Netware for DOS/Windows, ODI drivers were universal at that time and theoretically could work with any Ethernet adapter. Also there were all sort of audio drivers and tweaks that can make your Windows sound-aware, even using the internal speaker. Not that all this is worth the effort. :)
@@SolidSonicTH Windows 9x was a terrible piece of tech in every way imaginable. I am not surprised. But since making it compatible with such basic technology as USB is important, I would sacrifice the soft shutdown. :)
I always remember going to look at PC's back in the day when 8MB was the average amount of ram people had, went and looked at a PC that had 24MB and we were like WOAH!!!! Thought she was insane lmao
Just a few days ago I watched a video where the UA-camr installs windows 98 on that era's hardware and I thought why would someone go through that many efforts required to gather the hardware instead of just installing the OS on modern hardware. Matt's hardships answer that .
Hey, I think I know about the battery usage: Old DOS didn't really use interrupts for the CPU, so they where 100% even while idle (wonders of having really low power hungry processors). Windows 98 actually supported power management, only detects it automatically in APM machines... You can force the setup option /p j and force ACPI and that high juicy battery life (not compatible with Windows 95)
LOL CAN'T BELIEVE U HAV 1K SUBS... This video is so well-made, I thought u have at least 100k subs. Keep going, man! Your content is way too good & entertaining.
I remember I hated my classmate Vico for hitting on my crush so I went to the library and changed the desktop screensavers to all the computers to a scrolling text that reads "Vico loves Ricky Martin." He became a laughing stock. Until now, he had no idea who did that!
Windows 98 is slow on modern hardware because of the way that Windows 98 manages RAM and CPU. It doesn't have a proper "Idle" process so it populates 100% the CPU at full bore at all times, whether it's used or not. So it freaks out when it sees way more RAM than it expects to run on. Windows 98 on a PC from the late days of XP and early days of Vista would be about the limit since they are normally had about 1 GB of RAM at the lowest would be about the limit of what could be effectively ran. If you add an app that applies the Idle process, it will run properly. something about ACPI or something like that has to be fixed to make it work right. Virtualbox has this issue as well. Heck a Netbook makes Windows 98 run like lightning. but that's because most only came with 1 GB and had low resolution screens.
Or use a 3rd-party Memory Manager from the era; I used a program called RamIDLE back in the day. I think it's still available for free download, actually...
I remember doing these setups back in the day as part of my first job when I was 16 and let me tell you 36 minutes estimated for installing the O/S is hilarious. Used to take up to 4 hours per PC in some cases. Funny how people jumped from Windows 98 to Windows XP but no one talks about Windows ME or Windows 2000.
It was similiar with XP - on some PCs it took 30-40 minutes to install, on other 3-6 hours. As to not talking about ME or 2000, the latter was for workstations, not for PCs, so not many people had even seen it (my first contact was in 2012, when I had to make a new medical treadmill work with an old medical workstation). I don't know, how it was in the west, but in a country from the Warsaw Pact replacing OS every 2-3 years was not an option because it was too expensive. That's why most PCs had Windows 98 SE, Windows 98 or even Windows 95 installed until XP-era. I've seen ME only once, when my younger cousins got a PC and I was asked to set it up. There was a preinstalled Windows ME and it crashed (BSOD) 15 minutes after first launch. After 2-3 hours I've installed them Windows 98 SE and I wasn't needed until they wanted me to install Windows XP on their PC.
@@michamarkowski2204 It was the same around here for a little while, many companies would run old operating systems through fear of breaking things. I remember servicing a very large Bank and they had Windows NT on some work stations around 2003-4 and hospitals or local GP's were the same. Around 2000 was when they started to produce factory built PCs to sell to every day families and that created Windows Millennium Edition, companies like Time PC or Tiny PC eventually most of these went bust. ME barely ever worked, we always used to install 98SE over it for reliability. Good times, I found it more interesting working with PC's in that era. I can't stand Windows 10.
ChemiiOneLegacy Windows ME was not for me. Windows 2000 certainly was. I stayed with Windows XP for quite a while before jumping onto the Windows 7 Bandwaggon. Windows XP was easier to customize than Windows 7, besides which I had to write my own Scanner drivers for Windows XP to use the $1500 UMAX Scanner, which worked very well, and I was not about to start writing a driver to make the scanner work on Windows 7, which made me stay with XP. I have since written drivers for the UMAX scanner for Windows 7 and Windows 10 64 bit, and the scanner sits unused. Being a 3 pass scanner it is slow.
I remember changing the curser every day on windows 98, and my parents would get so irritated for some reason, lol. I continued to do so for years, and eventually they got used to it.
1:51 Actually it is possible to have up to 3.3 GB of RAM in Windows 98 (like in any 32-bit Windows). Back in 2008, some hacking was done in Germany on a third-party Windows 98 memory patch to remove elements of copy-protection or proprietary installation and convert the files into fully portable, fully distributable working versions. In early 2014, some mention of these hacked files was made on certain english-language web-forums, and the link from which these files could be downloaded was discovered. The files in question are replacements for VMM32.vxd and VMM.vxd. They allow Windows 98 to boot and run on systems with huge amounts of RAM, and make use of up to 3.3 GB of RAM. I myself had installed Windows 98 on a machine with 20 GB of RAM and it's been running with little to no problems. The only side-effect of using these files as-is, is that when you get BSOD errors, the text of the errors is written in German, and not English. Here is a link to these files (vmm98sed.zip): www.freora.de/index.php?option=com_docman&task=license_result&gid=3&bid=3&Itemid=52
they wouldn't release source code for actually good software they've made, then they would lose all the money they would make on their shittier Windows 10!
@@AdrianKilgour people could make hacks for it that add support for modern programs tho, maybe even better/more modern generic drivers and modern RAM support!
This video was so helpful. I am installing Windows 98 on hardware WITH Windows 98 support and the graphics driver had me completely stumped. Thanks for that. Bummer about the audio. The sound of Windows 98 / 95 starting up is... Well it's worth having sound. Thank you for this video.
3:28 It's the BIOS. Here's how that works: on startup BIOS makes USB drives appear in system as generic hard drives, and only later on, as it passes control over to the operating system that supports USB it starts treating them as USB devices. It's most obvious if you try unplugging a USB drive while in DOS and then plug it back in - it won't be recognized, you'd have to reboot. Actually that's how USB keyboards and mice work in DOS on modern machines - DOS thinks that they are some generic PS/2 keyboards and mice while BIOS provides compatibility support.
@@sarpmanon I genuinely believe you need to do more research before you say things. BIOS was not only talked about in this video, but it was also shown for the majority of it. Just because you think someones wrong, doesn't generally mean they are.
How dare you not have more subscribers? I've watched almost all your videos in one day and your content is amazing! I hope to see more content like this at some point :)
you're a really good story teller! I'm not a tech person, just came for the nostalgia and didn't expect to stick around for the whole video, but i did cuz damn you're so entertaining! I had fun despite not knowing what you were talking about ahaha 😅 also love your accent! 👌🏽
Nostalgia time: installed win xp and enyojed snapy opening of photos and folders. Not like win 10 that needs to open f@#$ VM to see photo that needs 10s to open
My father bought me my first PC back in 2004. It was a Intel Pentium 4, some 2. ghz (doesn't have a clear memory on that part) With 256 MB Ram and 64 MB AMD graphic card. Had dual boot with Windows XP and Windows 98. XP for me , 98 for my father since he is bit of old school. Man I played games, learned many stuff on that little machine man. It is pretty nostalgic for even to hear the word Windows 98 now. Thanks for the video.
this showed up in my recommended one day and when u advertised ur editing software that was free i was skeptical but after using it a few times it’s so good. thanks for making that shit.
You can hack the registry to make some Win2K drivers work on Win98. It is literally a case of installing the driver and the editing the registry entries to rename references to Win2k as Win98. It was discovered as a way to get older hardware to run in 2k but surprisingly, it worked in reverse in many cases. Don't ask for a link - I found the instructions on a BBS back in the day and had to print them out. LOL
Booting from USB in a VM : - create VMDK pointing to your USB - add this VMDK as your disk to VM Profit ! no side loaders needed, USB is posing as a HD (can set to IDE, for example)
There's an setting in the display options where you can change the native PPI of the OS from 72 to 96. That would make the text more readable on high res display.
Jerry aka Barnucles here on UA-cam did a video a little while ago and explained why Windows 8 and 10 are so low resource usage and can be installed on cheap tablet Pc's, essentially they were designed from the ground up to run on the lowest spec systems and had a lot of fine tuning done with their architecture in order to achieve low install file sizes for each respective OS and better power management at the chip level. Anything pre Win 8 tends to be bigger install sizes and clunkier to operate the further back you go. Windows 98 had monster sized installation files that due to limited transfer rates on most pre-built boxes meant waiting an hour or more for the files to install from the setup disk that came with the system. The older OS's dont play well on modern hardware because they simply weren't designed to be forwards compatible. The chip architecture that they were designed for left them with serious limitations on modern cpu architecture. This is why they often feel sluggish or glitchy versus running them in a simulated environment on a VM. The VM techinally fools the operatating system into thinking its installed on native/supported hardware when its actually not. Windows 95 was even more atrocious to work with as everything was floppy based and system functionality was very limited.
i don' t know about that if i remember correctly win98 was about 300mb and XP around 2gb and and 7+ still is around that i think there is such a thing as bloat limit... i mean there is a limit as to what functions you can include into a os ...
@@romeoneverdies I've had systems all the way back to the 90's and remember our Compaq with and AMD Athelon processor being a turd to setup the first time. The computer was supposed to have the Win98 os preinstalled but Circuit City sold the model with a bundled install disk instead. From what I remember the install took about an hour from start to finish with several boot cycles. Our next system was a HP Pavilion running XP and that one had an Intell Inceleron processor, initialization was about thirty minutes so that the system could configure device drivers and such. Win95 was the longest setup as everything was on 3.5 inch floppy disks and there were three that contained portions of the OS install, then another four for the device drivers. We had a stack of floppys that went unused after we upgraded.lol As far a resource usage on Win8 and 10 I'm basing that completely off of what Jerry said and he worked for MS during the Win8 build and helped with that. I know my current install of Win10 is running on an ARM processor with no issues and the os is less than 6gb in total file size.
@@joyrider6456 Technically Win7 was a redo of Vista, it used nearly the same architecture but had some serious improvements to proformance and functionality. I loved Win7 and refused to upgrade to 10 until my laptop completely died. The laptop was a 250gb hdd Toshiba Satellite series using an Intel Core I7 processor. It took an update from MS and was bricked by it.
I’m glad I got to the end and found out about the video editing program! I’m stoked! I’m tired of paying for Adobe Premiere! I hope an official version comes out in the near future!
I'm trying to keep up with how you're doing this but I can't because you're videos are hilarious and making me laugh too much with all the silliness...love it.
Thanks man, for refreshing old memories. I have installed the damm Windows 98 so many times those days, that it was like a ritual for me to find a PC and format it. And also Realtek AC97 Audio Driver
As of this year, Windows 98 is of drinking age (in America). Happy 21st birthday W98! (Edit) OMG MORE LIKES THAN MY OWN WEIGHT, I DIDN'T KNOW THIS IS POSSIBLE... This post was made in 2019.
"I was **burp** young and beautiful **burp** then, you know...I was the **burp** most welcomed **burp** si..system...in the world, you know...**burp** People are assholes... **burp** They get a new **burp** system and they don't **burp** love you anymore... before you know it **burp** you are in a friggin floppy disk **burp** in some goddamn junkyard.."
And it will still greet you with the wonderful introduction "Welcome to the new exciting world of Windows 98, where your desktop meets the internet". Well, new world from 21 years ago.
Matt, Thanks! This was a cool video. I remember LOVING windows 98 and hated the change up 2000. Have you tried windows 7 on a modern, with maybe a partitioned drive? At any rate I stumbled across this video and found it entertaining and educational... and nostalgic. You do a good job of explaining and really follow through. I will subscribe to your channel as I think you have a lot of talent and creativity and personality, I expect to find more worthwhile videos. Hopefully you'll gain some sort of payback in the future. I cant imagine monetizing on youtube is bringing in much cash. BUT if I'm wrong... MAKE A VIDEO ABOUT IT!, then maybe I'll give youtube monetizing a shot also. Keep it up!
A very good video I have an a modern computer trying to use Windows 98 any chance you going to think about going to XP or heck even Windows 3.1. now that would be an interesting video in the future. Anyway keep up the good work
The install process for 3.1 is pretty simple install freedos the new one not the old one use the second option on startup copy the 3.1 install floppies to a USB flash drive go to the USB flash drive in dos and do the installation pretty simple do not use the Rufus freedos it's old as crap
the downside to xp is Microsoft carefully removed the activation from their options, so while you can get it to run, it will always be "not genuine" getting it to run is not much of an issue, still new enough
Which version of 98 did you use? There was a huge difference between editions. Nothing ever worked on first edition I worked tech support way back then, and we wouldn't touch any machine that didn't have SE.
Damn, thank you for working on and recommending the Olive video editor at the end of the video. Looks like a really great FOSS editor! I'll give it a try.
I remember using a HDD comparable in capacity to a compact disc. A HDD utility from the HDD mfgr was needed to access the whole capacity; included on a floppy. I can't remember if the ram maxed at 4 MB or 8. CPU was a Cyrix 486 dx2. It came bundled with a bubble jet printer, some limited functionality programs and games, and a monitor for about $2k.
It feels good to see you keeping the classics alive. Now if only we could get the XP log-in screen on Windows 7 or Windows 10. I've yet to see someone go so far as to change the core functions of modern windows to look more like the classic while still being Windows 10 or 11 or whatever. Aside from what Windows Tweaker has already done, I mean.
The fastest and yet stable native plattform vor Win98 would be something along one of the later high clocked single core Pentium 4 or Athlon XP Models, with sata onboard and AGP Ati X800/Nvidia Geforce 6800 Ultra graphicscard. you can throw a nice audigy2 soundcard for full EAX support in the mix. this should run pretty much out of the box. win98 will often run on hardware one or two generations newer, like an Athlon 64 or even intel core 2 duo machines, but it will become more buggy and in need for many workarounds. however, with the really fast changing hard and software of that time, one should not expect to play a 4 or 5 year older (than the used hardware) game without problems. espeically the title made around 1999-2001 are extremely picky about hardware and drivers and will often only run with the stuff that was around when they got released. sometimes a newer driver version is enough to make the games buggy. older titles without 3d accelerated graphics work better most of the time, and newer ones are not that picky anymore.
I have the same experience regarding hames from the 98-03-ish era. They are an absolute pain in the ass to make them work on any newer hardware. Viper Racing, Need for Speed Porsce, SWAT 3 etc. I still haven't found a way to make them work on my laptop.
@@kosztaz87 yes, it got better once direct-x 9.0 was around and most of the games from 2003 onward even work again on win10 - but those cobbled together stuff from around 2000 can be a nightmare to get running. best way to make all games work would be to have one pc for every year between 1998 and 2003 with corresponding hard and software :D
I still have a Win 98 machine in a beige box no less. I still have it around because it runs Seer Systems Reality softsynth which went out of business and was stranded. It would be cool to run Win 98 successfully from USB on a laptop.
I just rediscovered undertale and am now suffering from temporary undertale obsession. I went to my homepage because I needed to watch something not-undertale related, I click this video and there is god damn more undertale.
Great video. My quick take is that the VMWare does a better job of emulating the hardware architecture of the era. Also did you try with Windows 98 SE? I’m curious if that would make a difference?
vms are just bad for Windows 98, and pcem should be used if you want to play any games and have DOS support and want everything to work properly. Downside is it needs a gaming PC.
Wow home resonance knocked it out of the park for me. Welcome to the realm, my favorite UA-cam channels lol not that being the favorite of some nobody on the internet should mean anything to you, but I felt the need to tell you that nonetheless
you should using linux it's fast reliable and customizable you can make it look like mac os or windows It's has all the necessary software fora normal user
@@Ahmed-sv9sy good choice but i onkly use it for portable systems or servers because its reliable but its harder to install into my machine without accidentally overwrite the mbr of my other hdd/sdds
no you wouldn't. The only appeal of Windows 98 was the low memory footprint and dos compatibility. Otherwise the newer versions of windows can take advantage of more hardware features and manage memory better. The task manager on the NT systems is far superior and having a utility that shows HDD utilization by application in task manager directly is also a bonus. It was always a pain back in the day trying to isolate which piece of software was bogging a computer down in the background.
![The QUEST For The ULTIMATE Windows 98 PC [Part 1]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0Vsj5OPjsUA/mqdefault.jpg)
I just had a thought. This can be implemented as such a huge prank. Imagine buying a $1500 gaming pc and when you boot it up, you are greeted with "Microsoft Windows Version 3.00"
one and a half million dollars for a pc
@@first-last557 shit. I meant...like $1500. 0r $1.5k. I was super sleep-deprived when I wrote this
@@RiteshRajbhandari-lp Oh God $1,500,000
@@murpi338 I'm sorry, I really am. God, that comment was one huge train-wreck. Please stop it I'm already dead
@@RiteshRajbhandari-lp edit the comment then
Your 98 machine looks exactly like my first PC ever. Almost makes me miss it. It was a trooper that pc. I kinda wish i didn't have to get rid of it.
F
rip
Bro same, seeing these old videos brings back memories I forgot I had. lmao
Why did you get rid of it?
@@Recordeer He probably didn't have a enough space to fit it anywhere.
Windows '95 and '98 are so nostalgic. The good ol' times of technology.
What happened to 96 and 7?
@@DireBowser They werent a thing
@@rovhalt6650 it was a joke
@@DireBowser What happened to windows 96,97,99 and 9
@@DireBowser sorry. these days its getting difficult to tell if people are serious or not
2080: installing windows 10 pro on a modern computer
And still it gets updates
Yeah, I'd imagine win10 getting updated and still relevant even that far out... although I'm likely to not see 2080, but still
adventureoflinkmk2 lmao 😂😂😂
On a side note, I wonder if anyone will remember the Intel 8086 some 6,000 or more years from now... 8086: intel year!!!
you could see 2080 depending on how old you are and if you are willing to go cyborg or even further than that because that tech will likely be here before 2080 :) @@adventureoflinkmk2
I still remember how my then best friend got a new computer with Windows 98. Man it was everything you have been hoping for. I got my first computer later in 2000 with a 933 Mhz Pentium 3 and Windows Me(h), but it had Age of Empires 2 bundled with it. I played the shit out of it.
Man time sure does fly...today we have access to everything but it's not as fun as it was back then when you were restricted. It was much sweeter.
Sometimes, when freedom cease to exist, it sure is crisis.
But when you look back, it hits you back.
P.S:- I never have been good at poetry or the whole wide expansion of English Literature.
@@retrobit5973 please never speak again.
Aoe was awesome.
@@frederickdietz3148 Oh come on, that was my best work!
Still remember spending endless hours playing heroes of might and magic and tge the original xcom with my neighbor on a win98 pc.
6:51 this is my favorite part
That audio joke at 6:50 was wonderful.
Bisqwit wait
i agree
i agree
Bisqwitttt!!!!!!
Yeet
The touchpad works because it connects through the PS/2 interface
I was going to say that lol!
@@user-tm3fz7qx3s me too
Well....actually...I think it's because of the FreeDOS Preinstalled drivers, I'm also installing Windows 98 to USB Stick and I could move my USB Mouse around.
touchpad doesn't work on windows server 2012
@@tyrellwreleck4226 because it is made for servers and servers doesn't have touch pad
This basically sums up my experience when i first got into linux. More specifically arch. When it did install and work i cried tears of happiness
I too, use Arch btw.
tbf, that *is* arch. debian's installation process is much simpler
This was surprisingly entertaining. Loved your humor and editing. Subbed.
Same
@@crimzn8813 same
Shut up no one cares
@@tomtv8394 no u
Mario Batinić shut the fuck up dumb ass kid
fascinating to see someone bringing us old timers windows into view thank you so much for your video it was lovely watching this today so refreshing to see these videos, much love!
I was so anti-upgrade when ME/2k came out... I rode the 98 wave as long as I could, then ironically did exactly the same with XP... I literally did everything possible to avoid upgrading.
The openness of the old OS's was so appealing to me. Everything seemed to become so much harder to do as OS's were updated.
I kinda agree with you, I'm not upgrading from windows 10, win 11 looks shit
@@Ricardo5911jakakak Well, Windows literally forces you to update. So not much we can do there
Yall can always learn Linux if you don't mind not playing some games. aha
there is nothing harder about doing things on W11 vs Vista or XP - in fact, you likely can do it easier now (for anything you might want to do today, as aposed to something from way back when you want to do now for the nestalgia and not the actual use of it, if you get what I mean).
@@Ricardo5911jakakak win 11 is a dumpster fire
Few things to mention. You CAN make the USB work in Windows 98, there are universal USB storage drivers available. Also you can play with Novell Netware for DOS/Windows, ODI drivers were universal at that time and theoretically could work with any Ethernet adapter. Also there were all sort of audio drivers and tweaks that can make your Windows sound-aware, even using the internal speaker. Not that all this is worth the effort. :)
I'm interested
My experience with those drivers is they basically make the PC impossible to shut down when you install them.
@@SolidSonicTH Windows 9x was a terrible piece of tech in every way imaginable. I am not surprised. But since making it compatible with such basic technology as USB is important, I would sacrifice the soft shutdown. :)
Win98: tries to show desktop
Matt: hmm seems suspicious
Win98: BSoD
Matt: Ah thats more like it!
__Penny_ bless you
average windows 98 install
@@sealy009 I just installed Win 98 a couple days ago and everything went perfectly. Then I tried to install SP2 and it ate itself halfway through.
@@CarsandCats what the fuck do you mean by ate did you just eat the computer in half
4050: installing windows 78 onto a modern door
8946:installing windows 1037 on a human
Year 10,000,000,000:- installing windows 69420 on a modern universe
2025:Installing windows 11 onto a windows 10 pc without tpm2.0
@@fart1234. already can on 2021(although it just a preview…
Installing windows 10 on 1973 computer
id like to see the ultimate 98 rig
👀
Same
me2
Yee.
Go for it.
Computer: Hey OS we have 8gb of ram, is that enough for you?
Windows 98: *Wait that's illegal!*
it was always so comical to me how windows calls some errors "illegal operations"
._.
MaxPhysPage=B3000 that's illegal😉
@@Sonjayu True, like its illegal to have exceptions
@Crystaldabber 77 Oh a typo, i'm sorry
This reminds me of the time I had to help my great grandma set up her windows XP for the first time since like the late 70's.
Windows 98 thought my 32gb of ram was the hard rive.
lmao
1gb would be considered a luxury hard drive back in the day (not that i was around)
Heehhehhee 🤣🤣🤣
[Win98] Damn, that's a huge hard drive!
I always remember going to look at PC's back in the day when 8MB was the average amount of ram people had, went and looked at a PC that had 24MB and we were like WOAH!!!! Thought she was insane lmao
Just a few days ago I watched a video where the UA-camr installs windows 98 on that era's hardware and I thought why would someone go through that many efforts required to gather the hardware instead of just installing the OS on modern hardware. Matt's hardships answer that .
Hey, I think I know about the battery usage: Old DOS didn't really use interrupts for the CPU, so they where 100% even while idle (wonders of having really low power hungry processors). Windows 98 actually supported power management, only detects it automatically in APM machines... You can force the setup option /p j and force ACPI and that high juicy battery life (not compatible with Windows 95)
what an awesome video.. the sense of humor, the music, the timing, content, everything is very entertaining.. great job!!
LOL CAN'T BELIEVE U HAV 1K SUBS... This video is so well-made, I thought u have at least 100k subs. Keep going, man! Your content is way too good & entertaining.
So? I have 1.8k subs. More than him.
@@CanadianBakin42O he is 2.2 now
2.2 now..
2.6
3.6
I remember I hated my classmate Vico for hitting on my crush so I went to the library and changed the desktop screensavers to all the computers to a scrolling text that reads "Vico loves Ricky Martin." He became a laughing stock. Until now, he had no idea who did that!
That has to be the most 1990 shit I’ve ever heard right out of a 90s movie y’all really did that type of shit?😂😂😂
Duuude that's perfect!
@NALTO sadly no. 😔
@@jongbong 😔
@@jongbong 😔
12:28 that "bell voice" was strangely nostalgic!
Opening chime of John Lennon's "Mother" ?
@@Heopful *_P U R P L E M A S H M A Z E G A M E_*
Windows 98 is slow on modern hardware because of the way that Windows 98 manages RAM and CPU. It doesn't have a proper "Idle" process so it populates 100% the CPU at full bore at all times, whether it's used or not. So it freaks out when it sees way more RAM than it expects to run on. Windows 98 on a PC from the late days of XP and early days of Vista would be about the limit since they are normally had about 1 GB of RAM at the lowest would be about the limit of what could be effectively ran. If you add an app that applies the Idle process, it will run properly. something about ACPI or something like that has to be fixed to make it work right. Virtualbox has this issue as well.
Heck a Netbook makes Windows 98 run like lightning. but that's because most only came with 1 GB and had low resolution screens.
Or use a 3rd-party Memory Manager from the era; I used a program called RamIDLE back in the day. I think it's still available for free download, actually...
@@xheralt same idea, but I couldn't remember what one of the programs were called.
Where can i even get a full copy of Win98?
@@thingshappen9199 legit, Amazon, ebay, not so legit, check out WinWorldpc.com, really not legit, look for torents.
@@TheDeelunatic winworld? The thing is, what if there's malware packed with it? And does it come with a key?
Im a history nerd and this brings me so much joy
This is less of a weird concept and more of a tutorial to further drive my obsession
I remember doing these setups back in the day as part of my first job when I was 16 and let me tell you 36 minutes estimated for installing the O/S is hilarious. Used to take up to 4 hours per PC in some cases. Funny how people jumped from Windows 98 to Windows XP but no one talks about Windows ME or Windows 2000.
It was similiar with XP - on some PCs it took 30-40 minutes to install, on other 3-6 hours. As to not talking about ME or 2000, the latter was for workstations, not for PCs, so not many people had even seen it (my first contact was in 2012, when I had to make a new medical treadmill work with an old medical workstation). I don't know, how it was in the west, but in a country from the Warsaw Pact replacing OS every 2-3 years was not an option because it was too expensive. That's why most PCs had Windows 98 SE, Windows 98 or even Windows 95 installed until XP-era. I've seen ME only once, when my younger cousins got a PC and I was asked to set it up. There was a preinstalled Windows ME and it crashed (BSOD) 15 minutes after first launch. After 2-3 hours I've installed them Windows 98 SE and I wasn't needed until they wanted me to install Windows XP on their PC.
@@michamarkowski2204 It was the same around here for a little while, many companies would run old operating systems through fear of breaking things. I remember servicing a very large Bank and they had Windows NT on some work stations around 2003-4 and hospitals or local GP's were the same.
Around 2000 was when they started to produce factory built PCs to sell to every day families and that created Windows Millennium Edition, companies like Time PC or Tiny PC eventually most of these went bust. ME barely ever worked, we always used to install 98SE over it for reliability. Good times, I found it more interesting working with PC's in that era. I can't stand Windows 10.
ChemiiOneLegacy
Windows ME was not for me.
Windows 2000 certainly was.
I stayed with Windows XP for quite a while before jumping onto the Windows 7 Bandwaggon.
Windows XP was easier to customize than Windows 7, besides which I had to write my own
Scanner drivers for Windows XP to use the $1500 UMAX Scanner, which worked very well,
and I was not about to start writing a driver to make the scanner work on Windows 7, which
made me stay with XP.
I have since written drivers for the UMAX scanner for Windows 7 and Windows 10 64 bit, and
the scanner sits unused. Being a 3 pass scanner it is slow.
@@michamarkowski2204 it took like 5 minutes on my VM
I agree with your theory. The best machine for window 98 is a 3+ghz pentium 4.
Good thing I got a P4HT with a SATA SSD...
Or an Athlon 64 Socket 754.
SOYO Skydragon with AMD Athlon
Pentium 3 1ghz and 3dfx voodoo3 is probably the max you should use with era appropiate games.
I have a windows xp pc with 1gb ram and pentium d
7:35 *WE WILL BUILD A GREAT WALL ALONG WINDOWS*
@John 29Barr lmao
Definitely one of the most underrated channels I’ve ever seen. Really interesting stuff! 😄
>8gb ram
>windows 98: Is that 1mb of ram?
Computer: *hey OS, we have here 8gb of ram, is that enough for you?*
Windows 98: 8kb? Hell no!
@@eduardoavila646
SOMEONE MAKE THIS MEME!
@@WellBeSerious12 YES PLX
@MrNúmero98 I could swore it was 16mb, and 4mb for 95.
I think that 98 only ran with 8mb of ram with a special boot option, something like /nmv
No its 20 gb of RAM. 20480 megabytes. 21474836480 bytes. Lol
I remember changing the curser every day on windows 98, and my parents would get so irritated for some reason, lol. I continued to do so for years, and eventually they got used to it.
12:18
Its simply ray tracing now that it has modern hardware.
DLSS lol
How many seconds per frame ?
@@basantatamang2249 1600$ per frame if Nvidia keeps increasing GPU price.
1:51
Actually it is possible to have up to 3.3 GB of RAM in Windows 98 (like in any 32-bit Windows). Back in 2008, some hacking was done in Germany on a third-party Windows 98 memory patch to remove elements of copy-protection or proprietary installation and convert the files into fully portable, fully distributable working versions.
In early 2014, some mention of these hacked files was made on certain english-language web-forums, and the link from which these files could be downloaded was discovered. The files in question are replacements for VMM32.vxd and VMM.vxd. They allow Windows 98 to boot and run on systems with huge amounts of RAM, and make use of up to 3.3 GB of RAM.
I myself had installed Windows 98 on a machine with 20 GB of RAM and it's been running with little to no problems. The only side-effect of using these files as-is, is that when you get BSOD errors, the text of the errors is written in German, and not English.
Here is a link to these files (vmm98sed.zip):
www.freora.de/index.php?option=com_docman&task=license_result&gid=3&bid=3&Itemid=52
18:20 😁 the same. Computer’s motherboard theme was one of my favorite....
Windows acts weird when system memory bypasses 1GB
it sure does
someone told this to the IT dept. at my school
I am definitely having problems with 32 Gigabytes.
i'm disappointed that "running in the 90's" was not being played in the background
Hardware: We have 8GB ram, 1TB SSD drive, Blue ray drive...
Windows 98: What is this witchery !?
Imagine having any disc drive.
*Cries in disk driveless computers*
@@IndigoGollum So, you run your PC on a floppy? A USB?
1TB Solid State Drive Drive, blue ra- wait what?
ATM machine:
@@IndigoGollum CDs for computer are not that popular but still used back in 1998
Did work for me in VirtualBox... though... was sluggish with 512 MB ram
Ms should make windows 9x open source and watch the flood gates open for modern hardware support.
they wouldn't release source code for actually good software they've made, then they would lose all the money they would make on their shittier Windows 10!
@@DMack6464 Windows 9.x is DOS so i don't think anyone would be switching to that anytime soon
@@AdrianKilgour people could make hacks for it that add support for modern programs tho, maybe even better/more modern generic drivers and modern RAM support!
@@DMack6464 Hmm makes sense. I wouldn't be using Windows 10 if they still supported old software.
@@DMack6464 Pretty much!
Came for the cool Windows 98 video, left with a great video editor-Sweet!
This video was so helpful. I am installing Windows 98 on hardware WITH Windows 98 support and the graphics driver had me completely stumped. Thanks for that. Bummer about the audio. The sound of Windows 98 / 95 starting up is... Well it's worth having sound. Thank you for this video.
3:28
It's the BIOS.
Here's how that works: on startup BIOS makes USB drives appear in system as generic hard drives, and only later on, as it passes control over to the operating system that supports USB it starts treating them as USB devices. It's most obvious if you try unplugging a USB drive while in DOS and then plug it back in - it won't be recognized, you'd have to reboot.
Actually that's how USB keyboards and mice work in DOS on modern machines - DOS thinks that they are some generic PS/2 keyboards and mice while BIOS provides compatibility support.
not BIOS it is BSOD(Blue Screen Of Death)
Ryan Playz „Sweat“ r/boneappletea
@@sarpmanon I genuinely believe you need to do more research before you say things. BIOS was not only talked about in this video, but it was also shown for the majority of it.
Just because you think someones wrong, doesn't generally mean they are.
@@slyp5409 what is the definition of a joke?
@@XENON2028 Dunno, but clowning around 2 year old comments comes pretty close to it I'd assume.
minesweeper the game that no one knew how to play but played anyway
years later, when I used the internet to discover how it works, I played it on my grandma's computer with XP
Actually, once you learn it, it isn't that bad.
Lmao I still use ethernet to this day. Its faster and more reliable.
@@douglaslane6184 I still use ethernet on my PC, if your PC is stationary, there is no reason to use wi-fi over ethernet
First time I played it I thought the goal was to explode the bombs.
your videos are so great and extremely creative ! keep it up man
How dare you not have more subscribers? I've watched almost all your videos in one day and your content is amazing! I hope to see more content like this at some point :)
you're a really good story teller! I'm not a tech person, just came for the nostalgia and didn't expect to stick around for the whole video, but i did cuz damn you're so entertaining! I had fun despite not knowing what you were talking about ahaha 😅 also love your accent! 👌🏽
Windows 98, my God that takes me back. *Cries tears of nostalgia while listening to Oasis*
Ohhhh boy this is exactly the kind of video I want.
OMG!!! Desktop Themes! I loved those! The ones shown in the video were among my favorites! Talk about a shot of nostalgia! Geez!
Didn't it come with a Plus package or something. The 'in the computer' theme was my favorite for a long time.
Nostalgia time: installed win xp and enyojed snapy opening of photos and folders. Not like win 10 that needs to open f@#$ VM to see photo that needs 10s to open
To look at photos in Windows 10, I right click and press Edit so that it opens in Paint. Its literally the fastest option
Just use IrfanView
Uhhh windows 10 opens the photos app.
@@gp3328 Yeah. The photos app is slow as fuck.
@@j_c_93 It's so fucking slow. Even on my SSD.. Everytime I get a PC I instantly install Irfanview.
My father bought me my first PC back in 2004.
It was a Intel Pentium 4, some 2. ghz (doesn't have a clear memory on that part)
With 256 MB Ram and 64 MB AMD graphic card.
Had dual boot with Windows XP and Windows 98.
XP for me , 98 for my father since he is bit of old school.
Man I played games, learned many stuff on that little machine man.
It is pretty nostalgic for even to hear the word Windows 98 now.
Thanks for the video.
Lucky you. I had a 386sx 16mhz with 1MB ram and 40MB Hdd in 1990.
My dad bought us an 8088 clone, 640 kB was all we needed. It had a 10 MB hard drive too.
And my father bought us an abacus. Top that.
@@ausrider99 dude those days, I learned about your stuff. seriously man times move way fast
@@aaron_333 when was that?
It would be interesting to see you install all the windows discs or revisions up to the modern windows 10 from windows 98
this showed up in my recommended one day and when u advertised ur editing software that was free i was skeptical but after using it a few times it’s so good. thanks for making that shit.
You can hack the registry to make some Win2K drivers work on Win98. It is literally a case of installing the driver and the editing the registry entries to rename references to Win2k as Win98. It was discovered as a way to get older hardware to run in 2k but surprisingly, it worked in reverse in many cases. Don't ask for a link - I found the instructions on a BBS back in the day and had to print them out. LOL
The good old days when you could literally brute force Windows to do what you wanted
Dude, you deserve way much than 5k subs. Awesome video! The editing and humor are both on point.
I'm happy to see that another Windows ME computer still alive, good job man keep the computer alive there are not many else in the world 😯
brilliant troubleshooting by the way, very few have the skill and determination to do that
How do you only have 2K subs??
Your content and presentation is awesome! Please do consider making a win98 build on cherrypicked mid 2000s hardware.
Because only 2k users clicked the little red subscribe button on this channel.
They rolled their eyes at the hacky anti- trump joke and didn't bother. People who Brexit in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.
What fhe tuck
Came for the Windows 98 nostalgia, got excited by an open source video editor?? Good work, sir.
A guy installs Windows 98. This is what happened to his computer.
Haha
Medical Monday’s reference??
nice one xD
Control alt fucked
a guy installs a virus. this is what happened to his PC.
Booting from USB in a VM :
- create VMDK pointing to your USB
- add this VMDK as your disk to VM
Profit !
no side loaders needed, USB is posing as a HD (can set to IDE, for example)
Your editing style and sfx dropins had me literally lolling. Nice job, Dude.
There's an setting in the display options where you can change the native PPI of the OS from 72 to 96. That would make the text more readable on high res display.
Jerry aka Barnucles here on UA-cam did a video a little while ago and explained why Windows 8 and 10 are so low resource usage and can be installed on cheap tablet Pc's, essentially they were designed from the ground up to run on the lowest spec systems and had a lot of fine tuning done with their architecture in order to achieve low install file sizes for each respective OS and better power management at the chip level.
Anything pre Win 8 tends to be bigger install sizes and clunkier to operate the further back you go.
Windows 98 had monster sized installation files that due to limited transfer rates on most pre-built boxes meant waiting an hour or more for the files to install from the setup disk that came with the system.
The older OS's dont play well on modern hardware because they simply weren't designed to be forwards compatible.
The chip architecture that they were designed for left them with serious limitations on modern cpu architecture.
This is why they often feel sluggish or glitchy versus running them in a simulated environment on a VM.
The VM techinally fools the operatating system into thinking its installed on native/supported hardware when its actually not.
Windows 95 was even more atrocious to work with as everything was floppy based and system functionality was very limited.
i don' t know about that if i remember correctly win98 was about 300mb and XP around 2gb and and 7+ still is around that i think there is such a thing as bloat limit... i mean there is a limit as to what functions you can include into a os ...
+GothanCity85 You forget Windows 7 dude, it all started from thére....nót from 8.
@@romeoneverdies I've had systems all the way back to the 90's and remember our Compaq with and AMD Athelon processor being a turd to setup the first time.
The computer was supposed to have the Win98 os preinstalled but Circuit City sold the model with a bundled install disk instead.
From what I remember the install took about an hour from start to finish with several boot cycles.
Our next system was a HP Pavilion running XP and that one had an Intell Inceleron processor, initialization was about thirty minutes so that the system could configure device drivers and such.
Win95 was the longest setup as everything was on 3.5 inch floppy disks and there were three that contained portions of the OS install, then another four for the device drivers.
We had a stack of floppys that went unused after we upgraded.lol
As far a resource usage on Win8 and 10 I'm basing that completely off of what Jerry said and he worked for MS during the Win8 build and helped with that.
I know my current install of Win10 is running on an ARM processor with no issues and the os is less than 6gb in total file size.
@@joyrider6456 Technically Win7 was a redo of Vista, it used nearly the same architecture but had some serious improvements to proformance and functionality.
I loved Win7 and refused to upgrade to 10 until my laptop completely died.
The laptop was a 250gb hdd Toshiba Satellite series using an Intel Core I7 processor.
It took an update from MS and was bricked by it.
I’m glad I got to the end and found out about the video editing program! I’m stoked! I’m tired of paying for Adobe Premiere! I hope an official version comes out in the near future!
Video got recommended to me and I'm so glad it was! Super funny and great content 🙌 subscribed 💃
Yeah, how did it get recommended to me too, this guy has 840 Subs only
7:35 We will build a great wall along *W I N D O W S*
and make Apple pay for it
and let samsung advertise it
I'm trying to keep up with how you're doing this but I can't because you're videos are hilarious and making me laugh too much with all the silliness...love it.
1:58 I LOVE THIS CHANNEL!!!!!
please can you help me? dont remember what this game is called!
@@anders4949 undertale lol
This feels like an old JonTron video. I love it.
I love your humor and editing style. That was a really entertaining and informative video. Keep up the good work!
Thanks man, for refreshing old memories. I have installed the damm Windows 98 so many times those days, that it was like a ritual for me to find a PC and format it. And also Realtek AC97 Audio Driver
As of this year, Windows 98 is of drinking age (in America). Happy 21st birthday W98!
(Edit) OMG MORE LIKES THAN MY OWN WEIGHT, I DIDN'T KNOW THIS IS POSSIBLE...
This post was made in 2019.
It's been legal for 4 years now in Aussie land xD
@@yourlocalpleb4796 And most of the 'normal' world
meanwhile in germany: *16*
"I was **burp** young and beautiful **burp** then, you know...I was the **burp** most welcomed **burp** si..system...in the world, you know...**burp** People are assholes... **burp** They get a new **burp** system and they don't **burp** love you anymore... before you know it **burp** you are in a friggin floppy disk **burp** in some goddamn junkyard.."
@@fyzzoh The rest of the Southeast Asia: Nobody gives a shit as long as you're not get caught. There are kids drinking as young as 12.
i have absolutely no knowladge WHATSOEVER in computers or anything techy but i love listening to this man talk
And it will still greet you with the wonderful introduction "Welcome to the new exciting world of Windows 98, where your desktop meets the internet". Well, new world from 21 years ago.
From The imperial age to the Dark ages. Young Wizard why have you traveled so far?
These videos are so entertaining I find myself rewatching them a lot
Clear type came along with windows xp if I recall correctly. Which would be just as fun to play around with 😊
Matt, Thanks! This was a cool video. I remember LOVING windows 98 and hated the change up 2000. Have you tried windows 7 on a modern, with maybe a partitioned drive? At any rate I stumbled across this video and found it entertaining and educational... and nostalgic. You do a good job of explaining and really follow through. I will subscribe to your channel as I think you have a lot of talent and creativity and personality, I expect to find more worthwhile videos. Hopefully you'll gain some sort of payback in the future. I cant imagine monetizing on youtube is bringing in much cash. BUT if I'm wrong... MAKE A VIDEO ABOUT IT!, then maybe I'll give youtube monetizing a shot also.
Keep it up!
Wow thats an IBM Aptiva! I had one of these!! trusty workhorse for years!
Congratulations! You've won the UA-cam algorithm lottery! Claim your prize at the door.
And then install windows on the door
Love the Megaman soundtrack in the background. \m/
Damn. Installed it on my old laptop from 2014. Was definitely worth it! Thank you for your little guide to follow!
A very good video I have an a modern computer trying to use Windows 98 any chance you going to think about going to XP or heck even Windows 3.1. now that would be an interesting video in the future. Anyway keep up the good work
I could certainly be tempted to make videos in that vein 👀
The install process for 3.1 is pretty simple install freedos the new one not the old one use the second option on startup copy the 3.1 install floppies to a USB flash drive go to the USB flash drive in dos and do the installation pretty simple do not use the Rufus freedos it's old as crap
If he went with Win 3.1, the DOS NIC driver would probably work.
Yess please do about XPPP, I love it
the downside to xp is Microsoft carefully removed the activation from their options, so while you can get it to run, it will always be "not genuine"
getting it to run is not much of an issue, still new enough
Your patience makes me laugh. I remember when I had almost that level
I have tried too on my ThinkPad X250 a few years ago, with no result hahah. Thanks for sharing!!1
Which version of 98 did you use? There was a huge difference between editions. Nothing ever worked on first edition I worked tech support way back then, and we wouldn't touch any machine that didn't have SE.
"I know that because Rufus knows that" - It's 6am here and I almost spit out my coffee laughing! :D
Damn, thank you for working on and recommending the Olive video editor at the end of the video. Looks like a really great FOSS editor! I'll give it a try.
Win 98 Second Edition has usb support.
Computer: Ram? Uh...8gb. Is that okay?
Windows 98: Hold on-what? What magic are you using!? 8gb of ram!?
Computer: i See your Not used to this...
Windows 98: holy fuck**g hell No!
Seriously... that's like, almost the size of an entire hard disk!
Some servers supported 16GB of ram, back into the Pentium II era. I bought a 1 GB SD-Ram stick to remind myself.
I remember using a HDD comparable in capacity to a compact disc. A HDD utility from the HDD mfgr was needed to access the whole capacity; included on a floppy. I can't remember if the ram maxed at 4 MB or 8. CPU was a Cyrix 486 dx2. It came bundled with a bubble jet printer, some limited functionality programs and games, and a monitor for about $2k.
Windows 98 & DOS: Hold on, I think you mean 1MB. Does that seem okay?
It feels good to see you keeping the classics alive. Now if only we could get the XP log-in screen on Windows 7 or Windows 10. I've yet to see someone go so far as to change the core functions of modern windows to look more like the classic while still being Windows 10 or 11 or whatever.
Aside from what Windows Tweaker has already done, I mean.
The fastest and yet stable native plattform vor Win98 would be something along one of the later high clocked single core Pentium 4 or Athlon XP Models, with sata onboard and AGP Ati X800/Nvidia Geforce 6800 Ultra graphicscard. you can throw a nice audigy2 soundcard for full EAX support in the mix. this should run pretty much out of the box.
win98 will often run on hardware one or two generations newer, like an Athlon 64 or even intel core 2 duo machines, but it will become more buggy and in need for many workarounds.
however, with the really fast changing hard and software of that time, one should not expect to play a 4 or 5 year older (than the used hardware) game without problems. espeically the title made around 1999-2001 are extremely picky about hardware and drivers and will often only run with the stuff that was around when they got released. sometimes a newer driver version is enough to make the games buggy. older titles without 3d accelerated graphics work better most of the time, and newer ones are not that picky anymore.
I have the same experience regarding hames from the 98-03-ish era. They are an absolute pain in the ass to make them work on any newer hardware. Viper Racing, Need for Speed Porsce, SWAT 3 etc. I still haven't found a way to make them work on my laptop.
@@kosztaz87 yes, it got better once direct-x 9.0 was around and most of the games from 2003 onward even work again on win10 - but those cobbled together stuff from around 2000 can be a nightmare to get running. best way to make all games work would be to have one pc for every year between 1998 and 2003 with corresponding hard and software :D
16 MB is bigger than 8 GB for windows 98
(Wow we hitted 100 likes)
It's because it can't support more than 1gb of ram
@@_danu Everyone already knows
I still have a Win 98 machine in a beige box no less. I still have it around because it runs Seer Systems Reality softsynth which went out of business and was stranded. It would be cool to run Win 98 successfully from USB on a laptop.
It cant see because its too much, so it sees 0mb
still have a win98 machine with 512mb of ram. hahahahah idk if it could still turn on.
I just rediscovered undertale and am now suffering from temporary undertale obsession. I went to my homepage because I needed to watch something not-undertale related, I click this video and there is god damn more undertale.
MattKC: We're going to install Windows 98 on modern machine
Me: *NANI*
Great video. My quick take is that the VMWare does a better job of emulating the hardware architecture of the era. Also did you try with Windows 98 SE? I’m curious if that would make a difference?
vms are just bad for Windows 98, and pcem should be used if you want to play any games and have DOS support and want everything to work properly. Downside is it needs a gaming PC.
Wow home resonance knocked it out of the park for me. Welcome to the realm, my favorite UA-cam channels lol not that being the favorite of some nobody on the internet should mean anything to you, but I felt the need to tell you that nonetheless
Wtf
If only I had the drivers, I would totally run windows 98 SE instead of the crappy windows 10 any time!
How many viruses can windows 98 get?
*how many shrimps instremuntal version music*
you should using linux it's fast reliable and customizable
you can make it look like mac os or windows
It's has all the necessary software fora normal user
@@Ahmed-sv9sy good choice but i onkly use it for portable systems or servers because its reliable but its harder to install into my machine without accidentally overwrite the mbr of my other hdd/sdds
@@ok-tr1nwi recommend using it for desktop use it' fine and even better than windows
no you wouldn't. The only appeal of Windows 98 was the low memory footprint and dos compatibility. Otherwise the newer versions of windows can take advantage of more hardware features and manage memory better. The task manager on the NT systems is far superior and having a utility that shows HDD utilization by application in task manager directly is also a bonus. It was always a pain back in the day trying to isolate which piece of software was bogging a computer down in the background.