Jamaica Bauxite (Mining & History)
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- Опубліковано 6 сер 2024
- Jamaica Bauxite (Mining & History)
Noranda Jamaica Bauxite Partners, formerly St. Ann Bauxite Jamaica Limited and prior to that Kaiser Jamaica Bauxite Company is located in Discovery Bay, St, Ann, Jamaica (Caribbean)
Noranda expanded its aluminum business in 2004 by gaining a 50% interest in the Gramercy alumina refinery in Louisiana and associated Jamaican bauxite deposits.
The Government of Jamaica permits Noranda Bauxite Ltd to mine bauxite in Jamaica through 2030.
⭐ Points of interest:
0:00 Intro
00:27 Noranda Bauxite Ltd
03:53 Port Rhoades
03:56 Jamaica Bauxite Ship
09:35 Jamaican Bauxite Train
09:40 Jamaica Rail Tracks
⭐ Jamaica Bauxite History:
Although the existence of the metal in certain kinds of ores was known by scientists from the beginning of the nineteenth century. The commercial production of aluminum began only in the last decade of the century.
World War II significantly increased aluminum demand and little attention was given to bauxite outside Europe and the United States.
During the 1940s, the commercial possibilities of Jamaican bauxite were recognized, when there was great need of aluminum for war effort.
For technical reasons, it happened that Jamaican bauxite was not required for the war effort. However, these three North American companies (Alcan, Kaiser and Reynolds) came to Jamaica to explore the possibilities, acquire reserve lands, and set up operations.
Reynolds began exporting bauxite from Ocho Rios in June 1952,
Kaiser began exporting bauxite from Port Kaiser on the south coast a year later.
Alcan built the first alumina processing plant at Kirkvine, Manchester near its mines, and in early 1952 began shipping alumina from Port Esquivel.
This was the beginning of the industry in Jamaica.
After the first shipment of bauxite from Jamaica in 1952, production rapidly increased.
By 1957 Jamaica had become the leading bauxite producer in the world, producing nearly 5 million tonnes of bauxite per year which was almost a quarter of all the bauxite mined in the world in that year.
In 1959, a second refinery was built by Alcan at Ewarton, St Catherine, Jamaica.
In 1961, a fourth company, Alcoa, began mining bauxite in Jamaica.
The production of alumina also increased in the mid-1960s.
By 1968, Alcan had brought the capacity of its two refineries to more than 1 million tonnes a year.
In 1969 a new plant was commissioned at Nain, St. Elizabeth, by Alpart, then a consortium of Kaiser, Reynolds and Anaconda, another U.S. company.
In 1971, Revere Copper and Brass opened the fourth alumina plant in Jamaica at Maggotty, St. Elizabeth.
and Two years later that's 1973, Alcoa, which had been shipping unprocessed bauxite since 1963, built the Jamaica’s fifth refinery, at Halse Hall in Clarendon.
But in 1971 Australia overtook Jamaica as the leading producer of bauxite in the world.
At the end of the 1970s and later, other countries also drew ahead of Jamaica and a series of overtaking took place.
In 2011, major expansion work resulted in a production capacity boost
However, Australia had remained the world’s largest bauxite producer outputting 75 million tonnes in 2018.
Followed by China (70 million tonnes), Guinea (50 million tonnes), Brazil (27 million tonnes) and India (24 million tonnes).
Jamaica had by then fallen to sixth place with (10 million tonnes).
Jamaica’s share of world bauxite output fell from 18% in the 1970s to about 2% of total world production of 300 million tonnes in 2018.
However, regarding alumina. In 2018, Jamaica was ranked sixth in the world outputting 2.5 million tonnes. China, Australia and Brazil were the top three (3) countries outputting 72 million, 19 million and 7.9 million tonnes respectively.
After pits have been certified as “mined out” they are restored to their useful state. The reclamation process involves backfilling and topsoiling. The reclaimed land is then utilized for agricultural and recreational purposes.
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I’m just loving the history lesson here! Very informative and cutting edge..
Love the history lesson, it's a shame Jamaica does not have it's own refinery so it can reap the full market value for aluminium.
The white foreigner would never allowed that. And it’s is a lot of other countries. For America . It was the cheapest because Jamaica is near. Australia is way way away. But as things goes. They all United to keep control of the industry. By any means. It’s a plentiful material . Manley wanted 3 cent a ton increase. The American Companies did everything to not do so. Even Blackmail. Threats , and even a try of over throwing the PNP Government. That’s by corrupting the Election: ie, Edward Seaga and the JLP gun men.
Perfect Lecturer InJamaica 🇯🇲❤️ as always
😊 Thank you Kal Kal
As usual, a very informative video. Much Thanks.
The heyday of bauxite mining activities in Jamaica were some good years for those involved in the industry, as it was stable employment. One of its benefits for me, as a child, was free education tuition, and healthcare (with Kaiser's onsite clinic). Many houses in Discovery Bay were built from the proceeds of such employment. Kaiser Ja. seems to have taken responsibility for the beauty of the surroundings, including maintaining the Columbus Park, and Puerto Seco Beach.
The increasing investment and production in the 60's, coincided with the Jamaican dollar's favorable exchange rate with the U.S. dollar, in those days. I remember buying a patty and box drink school lunch for less than 0.50 Ja$. Those bauxite companies: built and maintained parochial roads; added to Jamaica's housing stock with staff housing; and, indirectly supported rural economies by local businesses that provided services such as, bars, and various other shops.
There were negatives, in that the mining activities created dust, and toxic waste areas, as well as partially denuding the land. Politicians like to claim they were responsible for a prosperous period of Jamaica's post-independence, but this was probably just coincidence, simple fortuity.
Hola mi amigo in jamaik buenas tardes hermano hoy 21 5 2020 5.30 pm muy buenos paisajes de tan hermosa isla tu pais 🇯🇲🇯🇲🇯🇲🇵🇦🇵🇦🇵🇦🇵🇦🇯🇲
Hola mi amigo Eliecer Caballero buenas tardes a ti también hermano. Sí, es una belleza tan grande. Gracias de nuevo por mirar
Very interesting video. I was at school in Mandeville, Jamaica for nearly four years from 1959. Our class in the senior school had a tour of Kaiser Bauxite Spur Tree offices and the workings down to Port Kaiser next to Alligator Pond. I still have some of the booklets they gave us that day. JNS Rugby, England.
GOOD INFORMATINAL VIDEO THANKS
You're welcome
Very knowledgeable.. Thanks for the history. I grew up in St Ann next to the Reynolds plant.. as a kid our school clothes was red on the knee caps especially..lol..
they need to either figure how to get and use the bauxite for themselves or figure out the CEO of the companies.. little google Search... contact the companies.. get in contact with Jamaicans in America.. this why we need UNITY! WE SHOULD BE ABLE TI START A REBELLION FOR OUR OWN PPL no matter where we at!.. im talkin burn up they equipment, workers etc.. u get my drift
When I was young and growing up in Jamaica, the bauxite industry was in its hayday (with all the companies you mentioned operational). I clearly recall that Jamaican men employed in the bauxite industry made, what was considered, good money and were able to sleep with as many women as they could afford 😃😃😃😃 .... Especially, if they had so-called white collar jobs.
That’s a weird measurement
🤔
Thanks a billion for this ....showing it to my class this morning....this was a blessing Sir.
@Addicted2Geography Thanks and you are very welcome 😊
Thanks again for sharing this video with us, a lot of us have no idea about this.👍👍🇯🇲🇯🇲🇨🇦🇨🇦
Really enjoyed this. That's true a bauxite plant uses alot of electricity, so a power substation is always nearby the plant.
Thanks for the information. I learned something today.
@Damon Hill I am glad it was helpful to you.
I always wanted to learn more about the one in Manchester. I pass by it everytime i go to Bull Savanah in St. Elizabeth
I love watching these Beatiful site in JAMAICA. THANK YOu for these information.
@Sheila Levy You are so welcome
Thanks for the lesson(s)
Keep up the good work.
I will... Thank you
Thanks for the video
i was looking for you to go watervally...st Ann...same way as you knw,yea mon the grear distraction in st Anne's wear i use to live yes give thanks.....🖤🇯🇲
Love the contents
Very informative video. Very educational. Keep up the good work.
@Andy Ramone Thanks and I will
WE, THE PEOPLE OF JAMAICA 🇯🇲, ARE DYING FROM RED DUST AND WATER POISONING FROM THE TOXINS AND POLLUTION IN THE GROUND WATER!!!
Yeah 😢
Wow .a very smat gentle man
I live in New Orleans, Louisiana which is an hour away from Gramercy. It’s cool knowing that this is transported from Jamaica
🙂 Yes it is and welcome to our channel
Thank you for all your hard work!
My pleasure Nicole
Good video
At one time, everyone in Faith's pen, Mount Rasser, Ewarton and Linsted works at the Alcan plant in Ewarton
Alcan has been bought by Rio Tinto of Australia.
Eventually, the hope is that Jamaica will be able to develop its own refinery to reap the benefits of its own natural resources.
-The Ofori-Atta Family
Very informative
@Steven Kirk Thank you
Burnt Savanna in st Elizabeth is covered in red dust from the mining.. it’s so bad now they want to mine cockpit country.
I never been on a backside train before
Jamaica was the 7th World´s most bauxite production country in 2020.
♥️
Seams odd that a tropical country which would be extremely rich in solar energy is exporting Bauxite instead of manufacturing aluminium locally, and thereby maximising the profit margin for the country of origin. For 24-hour operation it would require something like a phase change material for energy storage. e.g. solar concentrators to melt salts which are stored in insulated containers as a liquid and used later to drive steam turbines to generate electrical power.
Kaiser owned both the aluminum refinery and the bauxite operation. Lots of Kaiser's assets were sold together, including the Grammercy refinery and the St. Ann Refinery. The refinery and St. Ann mining operation are still together, and the Refinery is the last large scale aluminum refinery in the United States.
All these years and the government (JLP or PNP) Is yet to set up a production facility that produces a finished product that is ready to use. It's ridiculous to know that we still ship it overseas to produce then it's sent back to use.
Jamaican was the leading country because other countries didn't know they had it plus the market start accepting lower grades of it. Jamaica's bauxite is still the leading quality that is used to produce certain products. Eg. Airplane parts. Material from china, Australia etc are used to make certain bicycles, cars, etc.
Refining takes a tremendous amount of electricity.
@@redwater4778 I Know and that's just a lame excuse. If the US can find ways to produce it why not us?
@@Headonwriter I feel the same way in my country Canada. Rio Tinto uses our cheap electricity to smelt aluminum but we make no use of the finished product. Even if we were to smelt our used cans in mini foundries?
i like to see the train. i wish it was public passenger train
Here are 3 videos showing the train passing by:
ua-cam.com/video/hYI99wfBfHo/v-deo.html
ua-cam.com/video/Esz9wg02PEY/v-deo.html
ua-cam.com/video/3vOrCZz70II/v-deo.html
8:05 Google’s translation!
I will add the correct captions shortly. Thank you Karl
why do they want to destroy an island paradise there's just seems like no way to extract the mineral without destroying the nature.
They been stealing copper from 1950
Suh y we suh poor Economically? Smh
this is toxic mining not good