Microscopy for GCSE 9-1 Biology: Light microscopes, electron microscopes, magnification, resolution

How exactly do microscopes magnify objects? What limits the amount of detail we can see with a light microscope? How does an electron microscope work to achieve much greater resolution?
Learn about refraction of light, the components of a light microscope; how to calculate magnification/image size/object size; use of stains, wavelength of electrons when they act as waves, and more.
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Attributions:
Music: The Things that Bind Us Here by Scott Buckley
Images:
Electron microscope: Gabriela P., CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Hair cells of inner ear: Dr David Furness, CC BY 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Cells heavily infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus particles: NIAID/NIH
SARS-CoV-2 viruses emerging from the surface of cells: NIAID/NIH