How Do PCBs Work?
Вставка
- Опубліковано 18 січ 2025
- How are PCBs made, how do they make modern electronics possible, and is it ever OK to drill through them to mount a cooler...?
lynda.com message: Sign up for your 10-day FREE trial at lynda.com/techq...
Follow: / linustech
Join the community: linustechtips.com
linus sunburn reviews
Hi horizon
Damn
uh hi
My solder and repair training in the military, actually included training on repairing internal traces in multilayer PCBs.
Our final exam required us to go down to at least the third layer and make a repair, then build up and fix the layers above that we had to disturb to get into the lower layers.
A process that takes days to do properly.
Repairing surface traces is extremely simple in comparison.
Fascinating, thanks for sharing!
soldiers soldering over solder
lol
That's cool as hell
...why?
@@NoNameAtAll2 Because things need to get fixed, and you can’t always order a new circuit board in the middle of a war.
I was taught how to repair damage that went completely through a board as well… Basically I could fix bullet holes.
Cards and boxes are getting more complicated, to the point that it may not be practical any longer. But the military still uses some older equipment that the technique could be used on.
Linus going for the alcoholic carrot vibe 👍👍👍
FUCK I DIED WHEN I READ THIS
First thing I actually LOLed at instead of just doing a nose exhale in a long, long time.
+Marcus Coster exectly like me
Music therapy made easy fl studio
ua-cam.com/video/LiW5phNzwvc/v-deo.html 👍
linus what's up with that red forehead?
Dat new blackmagic camera though
Yeah, it was. They remade a scene from a movie, and got burnt in the process
Removed the damaged tattoo
probably a sunburn, Vancouver has apparently been hot as fuck this year
+Joseph Stalin possibly the best comment ever made. Kudos to you
Everyone was in cable management hell in the 20th century,
+CroGaming woah
Ah, the good ol' days (actually those are even a bit before my time). Check out "Wire wrapping (electronics)" on Wikipedia sometime. Very similar but on a tighter, much smaller scale. Brings back fond memories of the Commodore 64/128/Amiga days.
most answers here and just like cars, they also did alott of the "wire harness" technique.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_harness
Wow, I never knew they had layers. I can see the connectors for everything on the surface already.
Well you know now though
@@stephensnell5707 i bet he knows more than that now
@@delayedcreator4783 I bet he knows less.
01:12 "making it possible to fit a PC in a backpack". No wonder. As the name implies: PCB -> Personal Computer in a Backpack. Everyone knows that :)
Don't be so dumb
@@stephensnell1379 says someone with that kind of face😑
@@stephensnell1379 don’t be so naive. He’s joking.
Can you make part 2? Like explaining more about the pcb architecture?
Wow Linus I could watch stuff like this all day! This is so interesting, thank you!
Pink lipstick + makeup?..
lol what are you talking about?
linus forehead
and lips
lol
yeah i guess
woo finally! i've waited for this for years! i pretty much know all about the basics of pcb as i used to be an electronics student back in high school but i've always wanted to see it presented and summarized by linus. more of linus please and less luke.
I just got an ad for a product and the ad stared the man him self in the video we are all watching now. Yes the pulseway ad.
How about a Tech Quickie on how Sun-block works?!?
I support
Why does the CPU socket at 0:14 has a swastika? O_o
Swastika would have an opposite orientation.
"Why does the CPU socket at 0:14 has a REVERSED swastika?"
happy?
+xtom That is the worst explanation I ever heard
+xtom everything is clear now...
*****
yes :) :D
Why would anyone want to drill through a expensive motherboard, not only is drilling going to damage the motherboard it will refuse to work or Turn On...
There are foolish and dumb people who would end up doing exactly that
I worked in a printing shop for some time and had to do PCBs for a couple clients (not as complex as a PC motherboard), and although really simple it was quite risky because the washing was made with sulfuric acid...... and all done by hand
I couldn't focus on what Linus was saying this entire video, I was too distracted by Linus' big, red forehead.
crazy to think ive watched your videos here and at LTT for years now for personal use, but i recently went into sales/customer service for design and fab of Test PCBs and this video helps with the understanding of the specifics
Going back to this video after 6 years... does Lynda still exist?
Hey man I’m not a weird or anything but I love you you have educate me so much that is actually help me in my career so I want to say thank you and if you stop making videos I’m probably gonna cry
@2:45 I thought that would was coming from the street, got scared as hell
me too , nice special effect :D
I... actually didn't know how that worked before... Thanks Linus!
My dad used to work for a company in winnipeg who made these
I've been looking/waiting for a great video to understand the basics of PCB manufacturing. Thanks for a great vid. :)
Linus is feeling the burn 😂
i've been waiting for this video for so long. Thank you.
"How do PCB's work"
me: Ok.. lets see what a PCB is xD
If I were to put a vinyl wrap on PCB, would it still function?
yes, tweet dbrand to make mobo skins pls
As long as it isn't conductive (vinyl isn't. the glue probably isn't either.) and you don't screw up cooling, it should be just fine.
Thx guys!
Also changing the application method to not use a heat dryer.
Wouldn't it melt under the heat?
Computerphile also recently made a video on this stuff. This looks like a good follow-up on the details.
Did the blue swastica at 0:14 seconds jump out at anybody else? WTH is that?
Holy shit I saw it too wtf 😂😂
i love this channel, full of education and linus tech
Learned about this in HS. We used to make our own PCBs as one of the school projects. We designed the circuits ourselves then we covered the traces with tape and soaked them in acid then washed them afterwards. Ahh nostalgia...
Nice video I've always wondered about how motherboards were made
rencently my parents have passed away sadly, which meant i was sent to an orphanage. I was on the streets for the past couple weeks until they finally took me in. Thankfully i have a pc in the orphanage which I'm able to use. Because of the tragedy with my parents I haven't had anyone there for me and I've had nightmares ever since of the day they left for another world. Yesterday i drove over my dog while practicing for my driver's test which really ended my life. Right now i don't have much to live for, I've lost everthing close to me in my life. Because i haven't had anyone to raise me in my life, i haven't been the best at learning like other kids. I am how you say it autistic, which i find very cruel when people make fun of it. This is many reasons why i may become out of control in chat. Thanks for making vids, very thankful for being able to watch since it's the only thing that's still in my life right now.
And here I thought he was actually going to teach me how pcbs work..
Thanks linus. You explain things so well
This video has changed my life
We built our own circuit board from start to finish in the Army. That was 19 years ago. I still have mine somewhere.
these videos just keep getting better XD
0:16 did nobody notice the swastika in the socket?
The "卍" symbol is the reverse of the Nazi swastika - you'll also find it on several Buddhist statues
Keep explaining us for the Rest of Your LIFE. you are doing a great job!!
Now what I would like to know is how pcbs are made into guitar pickups. Would love to see you guys rip apart some Fishman Fluence pickups and do some explaining....as much as it will hurt to watch lol they claim to not use traditional copper windings but instead use thinly sliced pcbs? The tech has interested me since the first time i saw them. They are some of the best guitar pickups I have ever played and would love to know just how they work!
One of you guys might be able to explain this to me. Why do circuit boards have so many un-populated pads? It looks like something could be soldered there, but the trace leads to nothing. I was thinking maybe it was because they decided they didn't actually need the component in a later board revision so they removed it and left the board itself unchanged. But even first model hardware have them!
I thought he was going to talk about process control blocks and thought that it was going to be outside the scope of the channel
2:43 helped me understand it a bit better so it just sends power and is easier than using cables idk who thought of this but they smart af.
the sound effects are so loud goddamn cant hear linus over them
they should be subtle
Great series !!!! 👍👍👍
Drilling through a motherboard... Jayztwocents springs to mind...
I've wanted to know about this for so long! Nice video!
2:46 I almost had a heart attack man, I was listening with headphones and it sounds so real😂😅
I have learned much about computing from you, sensei. You have my thanks.
i really got a feeling of jumpscare when the lightning sound effect was played, anyone else...
It was twice as loud as him talking, all the effects were. Really shoddy editing.
At this point I think they intentionally make those mistakes just to make people comment under their videos...
I swear to god it just started raining like 30 seconds ago where I live and I thought it was real thunder
G&G Films lol, really my nigga :)
What is it with people moaning over this video there is nothing wrong with it otherwise it would not be on UA-cam
LOL, Linus, you are the one who drill through an LGA2011 motherboard to mount a noctua cooler and broke the motherboard
linus the red-nosed human!
has a very shiny noses and if you ever saw you would even say it glows like a l.e.d strip
it was not an led strip. It was actually the amd chip he ran underneath that got burning hot
+Jack Le yep his fans might be broke
TEA N CRUMPETZ the cpu melted the fan motor
Linus is the red forehead and red nose person
UA-camrs: Please don't demonetize me
Linus's Forehead: I would love to get demonetized >:)
It's not exactly how PCB's for motherboards are made. they have traces between top and bottom layers etched too,and You didn't show that. They etch and make 'vias' to connect inner layers and drill holes for outer 'vias' with something called "Maltese cross" marked in inner layers of pcb to perfectly fit the holes from outer layers. my description can be wrong, too but It explained how multi layer PCB's are made :)
Of course it is how PCBs are made you prune
"Coated in a chemical called photoresist"
Oh cool, whats that do
"Afterwards....."
Oh so your not going to tell me.
10/10 educational video.
Some traces have zig zags to keep traces the same length. For example so that signals reach a point at the correct time.
Linus? A second channel? *Chuckles*
That can't be possible.
Don't leave your Linus out in the sun too long
sir what major will you prefer.....computer science or computer information system or computer engineering?
Lord... I’m a noob at this stuff, but you set the record straight when you show the old school TV circuit board.
can't get enough quickies from linus
@linustechtips There are other ways to manufacture pcbs as well. Some are more suited towards mass production. Your video is good. It covers a more general and broad view of pcbs that is more suited towards the average pc user, but there is more to pcbs than that.
Happy 30th Linus
Good intro, but not super detailed. If you like more info look around on EEVblog where he mentions why PCBs are made various ways at different times.
The PCB is usally made like fiberglass, copper, print, repeat. Once all layers are made then you glue them together, add the VIAs, VIA stitching, etc. Then the mount holes, holes for through hole parts are made. Actually a lot of things in the design of a PCB from EMI, resistance, current. Some things like power supplies will use large traces, but will also supplement them with jumpers or a lot of VIA stitching so that they can handle like say 40 Amps, etc. I saw a lot of PCBs with seemingly pointless coils, sigzag traces, etc. I thought it was like a compensation for resistance, but from what EEV blog said it is actually because if you are sending data and the traces are different the speed of the electrons will be off and cause issues unless the traces are the same length.
you really took something out of that 980ti "accident" on your forums linus
Happy Birthday Linus :D
Techquickie thanks for your explanation and kind regards.
So this was "How Are PCBs Are Made", not "How Do PCBs Word"
Hey, it's Brad from Lynda. He has the best classes!!
It's spelt work
2:45 *cough* JAY *cough* haha :)
RIP jay's Asrock motherboard
he really killed it, didn't he ...
Hahah really?
What a dumb moron haha!
You don't need a pen with conductive ink to draw stuff and test. You can use pencils, the carbon trace it left from the graphite are high conductive.
I have many PCB's in my studying table brower but i thought it's a useless thing so i have burned many of them. But now i'll keep it to understand the system so that i can use it to make something cool. Thank you so much for you knowlage video ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
Finally someone who breaks down everything
Awesome and super clear video!
Deep learning fast as possible please
These "small holes" are caled VIAs.
And there is up to 18 layers in modern mobos.
I designed/made few 2-layer PCBs and it can be quite hard, 18 layers would be a nightmare...
I wish you ordered all the videos for letting us know how we could start
I love the audio levels
best segue ever
Lol, I just really like this video and the amount of information it gives me!
Hey can you guys do a video about surge protectors... there is really nothing describing what to look for and what the different ratings mean or if it is worth it to get a higher rating.
The making of a PCB seems almost like developing a photographic film.(Before digital cameras were widely used).
Here in the DIY electronics world we often make our own PCB without that fancy pens. The method is this:
In electric stores you can buy the copper plates without holes or paths. Just the plain fibergalss with copper. Then we mark the path with two methods: simple designs can be made with permanent marker by hand, but more complex designs are printed in glossy paper WITH TONER (inkjet doesn't work), then fused in the copper with some ironing. When the thing cooled down the PCB with the paper is dipped in water so the paper soaks and can be peeled with the fingers, leaving the toner heat-sticked to the copper. Then you dip the PCB in ferric chloride (also avilable in electric stores). The parts covered in toner or marker are the protected ones and the uncovered are washed away by the chloride. Finally you poke the holes for the componets witht a drill.
can you guys do a video on sorting algorithms?
Just when they finally get the color correction correct Linus goes and gets sunburnt...Nice work yo XD
Great video.
Question, I'm replacing my ebike motor pcb board.
The replacement has 7 holes/copper rings for wiring. Bu my original has 6 - 5V, GND, SP, H1, H2, and H3.
The replacement has an additional ring for wiring labeled "K". What does K stand for in this case? Keyswitch, ohms, resistance? Can't find any information or diagrams online.
And if I solder/connect the "regular" wires, will I have a problem if I leave "K" unsoldered?
No info online + could use the help.
/bklyn 👑
Enjoyed your vacation a lil too much there Linus?
i have a circuit consisting of a battery, LED, motion sensor and switch. all the components are around 30cm apart connected with wires so how can i program this? would i need to include a PCB and join all the components on there?
imagine the cable management struggles we would have had back then xp
1:45 - What's the purpose of the layer of copper on the underside?
So it's like a symmetrical sandwich
Almost always multi layer board with vias. That means each fiberglass layer prior to sandwiching has had a copper layer that was etched. Vias connect desired layers through a solder bridge to the vias which were drilled and look like a ring of metal to the solder. CPUs can do similar things but have bizarre photo / particle etching techniques.
Very nice video. Thanks.. Very clear information...
looks like its nice weather in canada. linus got a bit of sunburn
I like watching this, because I'm working in a PCB manufacturing company.
Nice pertinak
There are other ways to make pcbs for custom circuits. I HAVENT try yet. But there are plenty of guides online on how to do this at home relatively cheap.
He explained basicly how the big fabs do it for obvious reasons. but at home, cost or availeble tools can make you choose for other ways. Any etchant for copper could work or even a dremel/cnc could route those traces. Ive also seen people make circuits with no traces at all, google: "pcb manhattan style", "bug style" or try protoboard. But I think i go with my laserprinter and just an cheap echant. and maybe build a CNC to do it later when I get some steppermotors.
Buying a pcb from china is also dirt cheap... so maybe ill buy the controller board from there.
try blu-ray uv "burn" photoresist pcb-board/micro-device coating curing, then etch the non-cured resist and copper away
100 Layers of fiberglas challenge.
For the thickness of the board or amount of trace layers in the board? because most fabs can do 10 or less, 0.062inch/1.6mm (Default), or the FR4/G10 itself 3 in. (76.2 mm) thick itself. buy 10 of the smallest and stack em, and you have a 100 layer one :D
but you comment was probably some kind of "gamer" or "car tuning" joke...
src: www.g10fr4.com/g10_fr4_sheet_material.html
I actually tried to expand the holes in my old mobo to fit a cooler once...needless to say that's the reason why i now call it "my old mobo".