American Reacts How Did Each European Country Get Its Name
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- Опубліковано 22 вер 2023
- Original Video: • How Did Each European ...
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"Slavs" comes probably from the slavic word for... "word" :) "Słowo", "Slovo" etc. "Słowianin" (slav) meant - "someone who speaks our tongue", "The user of the words". On the same basis many slavic languages call Germans "Niemcy", "Nijemci", "Nemci" etc. which is derived from the word "niemy" - "mute", "Someone who doesn't speak our tongue". For a long time it was a general term for any non-slavic people/foreigners.
To add to the meaning, Slavs from 'slava' or 'slavya' which means 'praise, glorify,' i.e. 'those who glorify God'.
@@kaskavela Too far, especially with that capital "G" in god.
"Slava" is also derived from the "word" and meant both the "fame" as when someone is well know (like in "Spread the word") and glory. Western Slavs use word "chvala" for "glory" while "slava" is just a "fame".
Slavs had multiple deities and mythological objects of cult just like every other tribes and worshiping something wasn't any distinction.
@@wizardman1976 in Czech, chvála is praise, not glory, there is probably no difference between glory and fame in Czech, it's both sláva, google says that word fame can also mean like legend or mythical story, that would be pověst in Czech.
@@Pidalin In Polish "chwała" means "glory". "Chwalić" is a verb that mean "to praise" but it can be both "praise the lord" ("chwała bogu") or "good boy". The word "gloria" is also being use to emphasize someones glory which lead to emerging of popular tautology "w glorii chwały".
"Chwalić się" means "to brag about" and so on but "sława" is mainly a "fame" ("sławny aktor").
@@wizardman1976 We also say "chvála bohu" or "pochválen buď Ježíš Kristus." Famous actor is similar (slavný herec) except we don't use international word actor.
26:02 Romanian has a lexical similarity of 77% with Italian, 75% with French, 74% with Sardinian, 73% with Catalan, 72% with Portuguese and Rheto-Romance, 71% with Spanish.
In other words: it sounds familiar. 😁
19:10 its wrong. Bohemia is only a part of czechia. 20:04 its not unknown, It comes from word "Slovo" which means word, basically. Its simply a name to refer to people which used similar language, from within the group.
He kingdom of Bohemia controlled all of what is now Czechia, Moravia and Czech Silesia lost sovreignity many centuries ago
@@lorenzobordignon6997 It didnt work like that. Land didnt have sovereignty. Rulers had. Kingdom of Bohemia hadn't controlled Margrave of Moravia. It both were hereditary lands of Bohemian kings - lands of Bohemian Crown.
He is making a fundamental error in this video. He is trying to trace the ENGLISH version of the names not the real names in the languages spoken by the inhabitants of the countrys.
The 'Port Port' suggestion males complete sense. Maps of the world are covered with names that are the result of one language group misunderstanding another. So - if 'Gale' really does derive from a Celtic word that means 'port', the following conversation is possible:
Roman: What do you call this place?
Celt: Gale [i.e., port]
Roman: So we can call it Portus Gale then...
Britain has more than one River Avon ('river river') and a Pendle Hill ('hill hill hill').
Spanish Guadiana River, it means river river river. River Wādi (arab) Anas (preroman)
The English village of Torpenhow (pronounced Tr'pena) also means hill hill hill.
(The tr element is pronounced with the same quasi-vowel breath as at the end of 'the' but the consonent sound of true.)
The Rio Grande that separates Mexico from the US already has River on its name "Rio" so if someone calls it Rio Grande River they are Saying Big River River.
In southern Poland, there's a city called Bielsko-Biała, which came to exist from a merge of two separate towns of Bielsko (white) and Biała (white), both of which are named after the local river Biała (white), which in turn was named after its white (i.e. bright, clear) waters.
White-White on White.
2:40 Yep, dismissing the possibility that it meant 'Port Port' is silly when you consider the number of things named exactly that way:
the Rivers Avon, Bourne, Humber, Nile, Ouse and Wear are just some many rivers in the world whose names translate, ultimately, to the River River;
the Ala Wai Canal in Hawai'i literally means the Canal Canal;
the Dal Lake in India, Gaube Lake in France, Laguna Lake in the Philippines, Lake Chad in Chad, and Lake Tahoe in the US all have names that mean Lake Lake;
Montana Mountain in Canada and Montcuq in France both mean Mountain Mountain; while Pinnacle Peak and Summit Peak both are essentially Peak Peak.
Insh Island in Scotland, Isla Pulo in the Philippines, Kodiak Island in Alaska, and Motu Island in New Zealand all mean Island Island;
The Gobi Desert, Namib Desert and Sahara Desert are all Desert Desert.
The list just goes on and on, and that's before we get to manmade structures. You'd be surprised at how many 'Road Road's there are.
Former Portuguese colony of East Timor. East East.
Um those things are not named "River River" but just River.
The Rio Grande River.
Danube - Donau, Don, Dnepr, Dnestr. Don means river. London? :) Brest, Bristol means pier.
And don't even mention the Mojo Dojo Casa House.
It's not so much that there are insurmountable mountains between Sweden and Norway, but more that the original people here were coastal people, and (especially in norway), most migration and trade etc. took place via the sea. Similarly, in sweden most migration etc happened along the east coast. Simply put, not many people live near the border between sweden and norway, except in the southernmost part.
Also Norway basically is a mountain range.
Svea was one of the kingdoms that existed within the territory of what is now Sweden. It became the dominant part of the unified country and that became known as the kingdom of the Svea or Sve(a)-rige.
The symbol of the 3 crowns symbolises the unification of the 3 kingdoms .
I thought Sweden had an older origin, I could have sworn coming across a few mentions of some time ago, I do not quite remember, but supposedly the people who lived there were not unknown right?
Did the Romans or earlier groups have a name for the Swedes?
in Ukrainian, the letter "y" means the same thing as the word "in" in English. And the word "kraina" means "country". todto of Ukraine from the Ukrainian language to English is convinced as "in country"
Никто в мире не называет свою страну - "встрана", версия с окраиной более реалистичная
29:48 - (Not so) Fun Fact: do you know why he didn't say the complete Montenegro word and also the country's name is written like Monten.? It's because this video was initially blocked by YT because it had the word "negro" in it! I'm not kidding! He had to re-edit it and remove that word to get the video unblocked.
Great video as usual. Also, about Luxembourg's territories being smaller, it's because the Duchy of Luxembourg you mentioned (Part of Holy Roman Empire) was divided into three parts: French annexation in 1659, Prussia in 1815 and Belgium in 1839 (Province of Luxembourg) (From wikipedia page "Duchy of Luxembourg")
The Duchy of Luxembourg was just like any other Belgian state. They would have been Belgium right now if not for these 2 reasons;
- From 1787 to 1791 the Brits forced the Prussians to withhold their help to Belgium against the Austrians, which causes the Austrians to hold onto Luxembourg for most of the Brabant revolution.
- Belgium was forced to give Luxembourg to the Netherlands in 1839 as part of a peace treaty put forward by Britain.
Dan mark (mark means - land/ground), Sverige was named Svea rike after the goethia / svea war where Svea won. There are areas / Countys in sweden called "Svea land" and "Göta land" meaning Land of the swedes and land of the goeths (Goths).
Re "Port Port" and Sahara desert - "Desert Desert". The best explanation for this is what Terry Pratchett called the "Surly Native" theory of place naming.
“The forest of Skund was indeed enchanted, which was nothing unusual on the Disc, and was also the only forest in the whole universe to be called -- in the local language -- Your Finger You Fool, which was the literal meaning of the word Skund.
The reason for this is regrettably all too common. When the first explorers from the warm lands around the Circle Sea travelled into the chilly hinterland they filled in the blank spaces on their maps by grabbing the nearest native, pointing at some distant landmark, speaking very clearly in a loud voice, and writing down whatever the bemused man told them. Thus were immortalised in generations of atlases such geographical oddities as Just A Mountain, I Don't Know, What? and, of course, Your Finger You Fool."
Terry goes on to cite real world examples such as the UK's Torpenhow Hill, where Tor, Pen, and How are all terms for hill in local languages of ancient Britain. So Torpenhow Hill is literally "Hillhillhill Hill".
Finland has alot of odd and vulgar names as well. One reason is that the names are very ancient and the meaning of the words has evolved. Another reason is that when Finland was under Russian rule in the 1800's, Russia wanted everything named (Bureaucracy, even back then...) So more time than not, the locals just basically insulted the surveyors, who barely or didn't spoke Finnish at all.
I try to remember places here that has "double same name" but can't think of it, but there is a word in French that basically get that : "aujourd'hui" : today. which is literally " au jour d'hui : "To day's day"(jour being just the moment where there's sun, hui being the current day, if memory serves me right). And you sometime hear people saying "au jour d'aujourd'hui" : "to day's day's day"
As for russia seeming very outlandish, yes your right. For example, if you were in northern norway on the Russian border, youre only 1 country away from north Korea! 😂 thats why it seems so strange i guess.
That's one way to see it. Lol
The name Italy derives from the word Italói, a term with which the Greeks designated the Vituli (or Viteli), a population that lived at the extreme tip of our peninsula, near today's Catanzaro, who adored the simulacrum of a calf (vitulus , in Latin).
13:52 the "different identities" is something recent.
North and South Belgium had been together for literally all of history, it's only recently that the "different identities" thing has come up.
In Cumbria there is a hill called "torpenhow hill" which when translated means " hill hill hill hill" 😂 in fact a lot of UK rivers translate to "river river" ❤
There is no Torpenhow Hill. At least not on the OS map nor in Bartholomew's Gazetteer of the British Isles, nor in the OS Gazetteer of all the names (cities, towns, villages, farms, rivers, geographical features, etc.) which appear on all 204 of the I :50000 maps. There are tautological names, but not that one.
@@EdDueim He did it again . Torpenhow hill is literally hill hill hill hill . You proved his point . It's actually just Torpenhow , a village near Carlisle , pronounced Trapenna (T'rpen'a)
@@chasleask8533 Yes. I know where Torpenhow is. It's a village. There is no hill there or nearby. The village is hill x 3. Torpenhow Hill is not on any map because it doesn't exist. Therefore no hill x 4.
Reminds me of Terry Pratchett's explanation on "how places got their geographical names"..
"When the first explorers from the warm lands around the Circle Sea travelled into the chilly hinterland they filled in the blank spaces on their maps by grabbing the nearest native, pointing at some distant landmark, speaking very clearly in a loud voice, and writing down whatever the bemused man told them. Thus were immortalised in generations of atlases such geographical oddities as Just A Mountain, I Don't Know, What? and, of course, Your Finger You Fool."
In Worcestershire there is Breedon Hill, which is hil hill hill, as bree is a Welsh word for hill, don is Anglo Saxon for hill and hill is just hill.
4:28 the metal option makes sense.
Spain was rich of iron and more importantly gold.
In fact, the word mine (and also miner), comes from a spanish river that used to be one of the biggest reservoir of metals in Roman Empire
Yeah, Toledo was very famous from its steel.
21:30 Yes the Scandes mountains. The same geological mountain range continues in Scotland and then in newfoundland. Its one of the oldest geological formations in the world.
In Belgium, there is a province called Luxembourg. In the time of the Holy Roman Empire, this part of Belgium, among others, belonged to Luxembourg. So yes, Luxembourg used to be bigger, but it belonged to the Holy Roman Empire most of the time.
I find the remark that the word "Letze" (fortification) contributed to the name of the country interesting, because the country is called "Lëtzebuerg" in Luxembourgish.
It was also a Belgian state, just like Hainaut, Namur, Flanders, Brabant, Limburg and Liège.
They were united with Belgium for basically the entire history of Europe. Including Belgium's first revolution in 1787 and the period before it where Belgium was a legally autonomous area of Austria.
The River Avon literally means "river river". "Avon" is the British Celtic (Brithonic) word for river. There are several rivers in the UK with very similar names, all believed to be from the same root e.g. Thames, Thame, Tamar -it is believed that the word meant River in the unknown pre-Celtic language of Britain. I believe there is a hill somewhere in England whose name literally means "hill hill hill".
25:34 You are absolutely spot-on. Russia never underwent period of liberalization, where the nobility would eventually have more power than the Tzar, which would decentralise it and give more power to the people (For example what happened in the UK or Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth). Also in Russia, serfdom (basically slavery) was abolished in 1861, which is extremely late compared to the rest of Europe.
Additionaly, Russia never abandoned imperialism and never had real democracy. The consequence of that is the war on Ukraine.
😂😂😂😂😂😂 🤡🤡🤡🤡🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪
Hi Connor, thanks for sharing. I'm new to your channel. This is a comprehensive, fascinating and informative video of the origins of European countries. Your knowledge of Europe is impressive. Are you a student of history or just interested in it? I must watch some of your other videos. Could you suggest any good ones to watch?
He made a right mess of some of those. I suspect only online research was done on this.
What were you expecting? Him to have travelled to every European country and interviewed the locals and government officials?
Well he doesn't have to travel, he can write an email for instance, but otherwise yes I would expect him to, you don't make an educational video made on nothing but quick google searches@@neilonaniet
@@neilonaniet Read a few books perhaps instead of just googling everything.
Dismissing "Port port" is way too easy, considering that sort of thing happens all the time.
Another name of a country with the same word twice is "Timor Lest" or "East Timor", which means "East East".
On the subject of the Rus, in Sweden there is a place called "Roslagen" (The Rus Law) which is belived to be where the Rus came from, or at least had connections to.
Very complete video
Port Port, yes, absolutely.. Some roman probably asked a local, what is this place called.. and the local said the local word for port and the roman thinks thats the area name.
For those who don't know, the name "Romania" in Romanian is "Român+ia" which actually means Land of Romanians (Român=Romanian). The ethnonym Român comes from Latin Rōmānus (Plural: Rōmānī) meaning Citizen of Rome, but today the ethnological meaning has changed for the past millennia, so even by us Romanians (Români) it doesn't really resemble a Roman because the romaness has been long time ago dropped by the Proto-Romanians. But yes, we are descendants of the Romans, reason why we are the last Latin speaking people in the east.
I always thought it comes from Roma because you got many of those living there (8,3% of population). But i just looked it up yesterday and you are right.
oh the percentage went up? few days ago it was around 3%@@E85stattElektro
@@brb4903 i don’t know that was the percentage which was written in Wikipedia
@E85stattElektro The percentage is quite of limit, the percentage in Romania is 3%. But I assume you also thought the Byzantine Empire called itself 'Ρωμανία ('Romanía) from gypsies? Plus, the term 'roma' hasn't been used by the gypsies until very but very recently, they didn't have their own ethnonym
Although, while the language and the ethnicity remained in the area after the Romans retreated from Dacia in 270-ish, the _name_ of Romania wasn't in use until the 19th century... (And in fact, some texts refer to the BYZANTINE empire as Romania, shorthand for East Roman Empire.)
Rus and Kievan Rus is thought to relate to the Rus, popularly related to the inhabitants of Roslagen in eastern Sweden. "Rus" being "people who row" as in the ancient Vikings from Roslagen. We do know these people ventured east and establishe their own territory - Gardarikr - in what is now roughly thought to be Kievan Rus.
Rus wasn't called Kievan Rus while it existed, and Rus started from Novgorid, not Kiev
Gardariki was the Norse name for Russian lands in general. They also had their own names for several cities: Novgorod - Holmgardr, Suzdal - Surdalar, Kiev - Koenugardr, etc.
Even here the vatniks have a presence. It's absurd...
Are Rus = Russians or not?
@@krushkaviski3938 Rus = Ruthenia. Russia is a more modern construction.
21:40 Well Sweden, Norway and Denmark have very much a tied-together history, as all the Nordics do. I suggest watching videos about our histories, I could not even begin to explain the complex history on my own, there is so much of it, as there are of all places. Have a good day/night and I apologize for any mistakes with spelling :) bye!
It's not middle-eastern design at all, any county with strong slavic influences would have those type of decorative patterns that are actually traditional. If you would look up traditional clothing you would see they have those patterns, also some symbols even have a specific meaning. Middle Eastern ones (patterns) look differently.
mistakes over mistakes 🫣
Portuguese went to China and brought the sweet orange to Europe. From Portugal, the fruit spread throughout Europe and was sold in northern Africa. Because of this, the name for orange in Arabic and Turkish is Portugal. But the ignorance of Muslims is so big that they think that the name of my country comes from the word orange in Arabic when it s the way around....
We call it Portakal in Turkish, not Portugal.
Whatever, in Arabic it is Bourtoukal, but I was not translating the word into Arabic, neither in Arabic letters nor in Turkish but mentioning the origin of those words@@AnatolianTurk_
Really? I thought it was the arabs that brought oranges to Portugal, not the other way around
Russia possible got its name after Roslagen (Rods, rowing people), which is the Stockholm region in modern day Sweden and after which the Finnish name for Sweden, Ruotsi, derives from. Finnish name for Russia is Venäjä, which possible derives from the German name for a Slavic tribe Wends. In same fashion Finnish name for Germany is Saksa, which derives from Saxon. Germans themselves call their country as Deutschland, so there's already three names for Germany with different origins. A bit like Disney characters in different languages.
Finnish: Saksa - from the Saxons
Roman: Germania - from the Germans
French: Allemagne - from the Alemans
Denmark:Tyskland - from diutisc/Deutsch today
German: Deutschland - from diutisc, old german word for "the people"(as far as i remember), it refers to all germanic(speaking) people
it is always interesting to see that different countries refer to specific tribes to describe germany(we propably do the same), most likely because those were the tribes they encountered. ofcourse there are some exceptions like denmark
@@VanezBaneread something interesting few comments up which when I think about it is true, that like we Czechs and Slovaks and poles call you Německo which comes from word nemy in translation mute it makes sense cause yk totally different language
23:13 Another theory for Lithuania/Lietuva comes from Lithuanian word "lietis" which meant "to merge" or "an alloy" and now means "to spill". So Lietuva might have meant "an alloy of tribes" due to many different tribes that merged to form the Lithuanian identity.
Name of Ukraine (Україна) came from how people there called their home "край", that means literally land, like Netherlands, England, Finland. The nationality of ukrainians in that times by the way were ruthenians or russians, while modern russians were called muscovites and their country was called Muscovy up until 1721, when Muscovy proclaimed itself Russian Empire and people living there russians, the point of this is to claim heritage, history and all past lands of Rus'. So real russians from Ukraine, to distinguish themselves from "russians" called themselves ukrainians. But selfrenaming to ukrainians didn't reach through carpathian mountains so some ukrainians there still call themselves ruthenians.
11:00 I think the vikings may be to blame. To us Anglaland means nothing but Ängland (closer to England in pronunciation and how its still pronounced in the nordic languages) means land of pastures.
11:48 my favourite fact about Hollandis that Holland has 16% of the land area of Netherlands, and 37% of the population, and the year 1637 was the peak of the Amsterdam Tulip Bubble.
Cornwall has lots of precious metals but was very important during ancient times because it had Tin and Copper mines, where i live in the west of Cornwall and am surrounded by mines and my father mined in the last working tin mine - South Crofty. This area also has precious metals which are needed for electric cars so South Crofty mine is being restarted and the mine is having the water pumped out so they can access the deeper areas.
Right on . Good news for Cornwall and a continuing industry over 2000 years old.
His take about France I find rubbish :D. The Franks are a german Tribe, of whom there are still people calling themselves Franks covering the whole north of modern day Bavaria. These Franks split and some of them wandered to the west and conquered what was Gaul controlled by the Romans. A milennium later after many monarchies it became "France". The word Franke, how this german tribe called itself, means "the courageous". It is still used in an old german Proverb "frank und frei" meaning "courageous and free".
For Germanic tribes seem to have the tradition to keep their tribes names and transfer them later into a nation they founded, it is far more likely, that France comes from Franke. As well es English comes from Aenglish, which comes from Anglosaxon, which comes from Angelsachsen.
"The origin of Slav is seemingly unknown".. oh okay, to fill in what "General Knowledge" was too lazy to put in the video, Slav comes from old slavonic word for Slovo(most of slavic languages have some variation of Slovo) meaning Word so you can say SLAVS translates to Those that speak with words as opposed what slavic languages call germans Nemci/Niemcy/Nijemci/немцы... which translates to silent since we couldn't understand them
Czech - (Word) Slovo -> (Slav) Slovan
Polish - (Word) Słowo -> (Slav) Słowiański
Russian - (Word) слово/slovo -> славянин/slavyanin
Slovak - (Word) Slovo -> (Slav) Slovania
Funny how the Greeks also have a "big flood" story with Zeus, like the biblical Deluge. According to some geologists, there really was such a big flood during the Stone Age, at the borders of what is now the Black Sea. There is a documentary here on YT, there must have been an earthquake, along with a volcanic eruption that caused heavy rain and a very sudden rise of the sea level that flooded all the cities along the shores of the Black Sea.
Oh and its not only greeks and the bible who spoke about the flood.
Aah ... that other old yarn ... about the area of land joining Africa and Europe in the West. Where it was breached by the Atlantic Ocean, creating the Straights of Gibraltar, and overflowing and flooding into the area now known as the Mediterranean Sea.... That Flood!
..... or was it going in the other direction?
Perhaps from the Black Sea as a result of the Earthquake creating the Eastern breach, which flooded the areas between Africa and Europe, thus creating the Mediterranean, which allowed the Atlantic to breach the bit left between Spain and Morocco .... worth a shout 🤔😉😎🤣😂
An even older flood story is Sumerian and is in the Epic of Gilgamesh. The Greek man said to have survived the flood is the the son of Iapetus which is the same name as Japheth the third son of Noah. In the Septuagint in Greek Japheth is called Iapetus.
@@pedanticlady9126 the Gibraltar doesn't make much sense, considering the Mediterranean Sea was a thing already, since the Zanclean refill at 5 Mya (of which it's probably quite safe to assume there'd be no record, not even in oral stories)... But the _Black Sea_ was just a lake much recently, and the level was lower than the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, so it didn't connect to the Aegean Sea. But about 9,000 years ago marine (sea) life appeared in the area, indicating the water had breached and had formed the connection as we currently know it..
The Welsh word "Cymru" is pronounced "Coom-ree", with the first syllable rhyming with the U in "Schtum", as in "keep schtum (quiet)".
He was nowhere close :-)
Sim-roo
I have heard this word pronounced by Welsh people many times and it does not sound like that.
The "y" is much more like the "u" in words like "Cumbria" as pronounced with an English RP accent.
Do you speak Welsh? If so, please correct me if I am wrong as I was under the impression that the "oo" sound was represented in Welsh by the "w" e.g. "cwm" meaning "valley".
So "Cymru" should sound like "kumm-ree".
Sure but the presenter of the original video is Portugese... most English people have no idea how to pronounce Cymru, and we live next door.
2:11 Carthago Nova also doesnt make sense, as it basically means new new city, but it was the case
Also good to know that all the countries that end in -ia (Romania, Bulgaria, Italia etc) basically that -ia was of latin descent meaning to denote "land of".
So regardless of what the original meanings of these words, they all basically mean "Land of ..." and then insert the first part of the country "bulgars, romans, germans etc"
Border betweens Norway and Sweden dont have a mountain that divides us, mostly just flat land with small towns and large forests.
Dont take this the wrong way, but you have learned SO much over the time you have been doing this. You are remembering a lot.
11:00
With Scotland, he could have gone a little further, as it was also known as Caledonia. Yet thinking about it, think this was more when it was a kingdom rather than a country? Anyway, here’s the definition:
Caledonia is an old Latin name for Scotland, deriving from the Caledonii tribe. It is unknown what name the Caledonians used of themselves, although it was possibly based on a Brythonic word for "hard" or "tough" (represented by the modern Welsh caled).
The Romans called the area that would become Scotland 'Caledonia'. So this would be before it existed as a kingdom or a country. It was then called Pictland, after the group of people (including the Caledonii) whom the Romans called the 'Picts' meaning the 'painted ones'. When it did become a country it was the Kingdom of Alba, Alba being the Gaelic word for Scotland to this day, coming from the name 'Albion' which the island of Great Britain was formerly called, Albion coming from the Latin word 'Alba' meaning 'white' in reference to the white cliffs that the Romans would have seen when travelling across the channel. It then later became the Kingdom of Scotland, named after the Scots who came over from Ireland and formed the Kingdom of Dál Riada, later merging with the Picts to form the Kingdom of Alba.
@@h-Qalziel
Sorry for the late response.
Thanks for all that. A few of it I already knew but there were defo some I didn’t! So yeah, thanks for the info, much appreciated 😁
that port port and your shara desert is intressting. might be true
Spain had a lot of mines during roman times it is well known that Carthage and Romans fought over their control so it is possible to be the land where metals are forged but what do I know.
I believe Spainish steel in medieval times was highly sought after for its quaility
Cornwall's trade of copper , tin , silver etc., predates the Roman occupation and the metals were traded throughout the mainland and Mediterranean with Phoenicians and Carthaginians . Later other metals , tungsten , arsenic etc., were produced up until recently and now mining has begun again .The iron in Britain is poor quality limonite found in the Weald . There is a place in Cornwall called Castle An Dinas which means ' castle of castle ' , Engish and Cornish languages so your theory is good .
England was chosen over Angland after the Engles in " Little House on the Prairie " ......
When I was a little girl, we lived in Northamptonshire which has loads of iron ore. Old houses in that area including Banburyshire (local name for north Oxfordshire) are a dark orange colour because of that.
@@Joanna-il2ur Your right, Ironstone or Northampton Sand around Irthlingborough . Coal and iron deposits are usually closely associated in England and Wales but the iron was never the quality found in other European regions .The Romans had touched on the Sand until it became uneconomical but real mining didn't begin until 1920 (?) and closed some years ago for the same reason . The Wealdon stuff was available until around the 17th C . Compared to the maybe 1-2000 miles or more of mine tunnels in Cornwall we really didn't produce much iron at all .The trouble with iron is its a low cost mineral and the ores must be either on the surface poor quality like the oxide based alluvial deposits like Wealden limonite Northampton Sand or very high grade ore like haematite or kidney ore which we didn't have for trade in pre Roman times .
@@georgerobartes2008 My dad found there was an iron layer about a foot below the surface in our back garden in Wellingborough. It made the soil hard to drain. He had me plant some cress, I remember, and it grew very fast, possibly because of the poor drainage.
The Historia Augusta says that Probus settled a large group of Hastingi Vandals at various places in Britain so their presence might be felt rather than seen. It occurs to me that they were the group in the High Weald who gave their name to the Rape of Hastings in Sussex. They might have worked there as security guards. Pliny the Elder records that Wealden iron ore was let onto the market gradually so as not to weaken the price of iron.
The name "Great Britain" was popularised by James VI and I but he did not invent it and I doubt it had anything to do with the extent of the Roman province(s) of Britannia.
It was coined in ancient times in the Mediterranean. Greco-Egyptian Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλη Βρεττανία megale Brettania) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρὰ Βρεττανία mikra Brettania) in his work Almagest (147-148 AD).
Ukraine doesn't mean a border, that's just stupid. Ukraine literally means "in the land". Most likely, initially the people who lived here called this territory just like this, and the state itself was called either Ruthenia or the Kingdom of Rus'.
"Ukraine" in Russian literally means "near the edge"
@@Nik-fh8zi Why the hell should the name of Ukraine come from the Russian language?
@@qukkero1316because before it was the territory of the Russian Empire. and in principle, Ukraine has only been separated from Russia for the last 30 years, before it was always one country
He forget to mention the name Eriu .. after which Ireland is called .. was a Celtic earth goddess and so that name is at least 3,000 years old. Her sisters were Banba and Fogla.
8:52
England comes from the Anglo-Saxon word Aenglaland, the A and E were written as one letter I.e stuck together, this combination of the ae fell out of use during The Great Vowel Shift which occurred from around 1400 to 1700 when the last written and spoken old English words fell out of use and Aenglaland, land of the Angles, became Englaland which, as most people pronounced the name England, gradually over time it was written without the extra A.
It's the opposite of other English words and place names where the pronunciation differs from the spelling I.e. Buckingham, the h in ham is not used as this is how people say the name but the spelling has remained the same. Why? NO IDEA 😂
That about Portugal is wrong
Portus means port in latin ok
But Cale derives from the celtic Gal wich identified the whole celtic nation, not just a tribe
You asked why the spelling changed for things like England from "Angle-land". The answer is quite simple - a thousand years ago, most people didn't write. Writing was reserved for the likes of monks and nobles.
Place names got passed down through word of mouth, but there was no agreed spelling for these things. That went on for generation after generation. Parents passed the name of their home settlement down to their children and pronunciations changed over time. They simply didn't worry about how it was spelled, as long as they could communicate.
It was only with the advent of inventions like the printing press that people started to have to agree how to spell stuff, and in the big scheme of things, that was relatively recently.
Plus, we have to remember that the people of the era used an alphabet that wasn't the current very simplified Latin English one, but an alphabet closer(borrowed?) from Nordic countries. if Wikipedia is to be believed, they would have used Ængle, or Engle, and the Romans would have used Angli.
The word was englisc. In Old English the country is Englalond in some documents.
Also, some countries/languages kept the A, it's Angleterre in french, Αγγλία in greek, and Anglia in hungarian, polish, and romanian. :-)
@@irrelevant_noob before England, it was called Anglecynn, the angle kin.
It makes sense that "Welsh" has the meaning of "foreign" or "foreigners", because that's what it means in the Franconian language spoken in the southwestern part of Germany (and in the eastern part of the Moselle département of France and Luxembourg as well, there are at least 3 variants of it). In the German area where it's spoken, it used to have the meaning of "from the other side of the border" (France). So French things (language, food and whatnot) were called "welsch", which is a tad ironical, since Franconian is the language of the Franks, and "Frankreich" (France) means "the realm of the Franks". But the language goes way back to Charlemagne and earlier, and back then, there was no France or Germany. Even Lorraine only became French between 1730 and 1760, under king Louis XV, who married Marie Leszczynska, daughter of Stanislas, who was also Duke of Lorraine, among other titles.
This Franconian language is very close to the Old English spoken before the Great Vowel Shift, in the Middle Ages, and in some cases even to modern English: for instance, the sentence "my house is green" is exactly the same (except for the different pronunciations of the "r") in Franconian (compared to modern German "mein Haus ist grün"). So maybe there's a link, there. It would be interesting to research it more.
Belgium is still very divided between the French and Dutch speaking people, these two don't like each other. Funny that the tribe's name was "those who swell with anger".
For Luxembourg, it's the "bourg" part that means "fortress", not "letze", which then must be what means "small". But the Wikipedia article not only says that the fortress was only built in 963 (relatively late compared to others), but also that it was called "the Gibraltar of the North" because of its position, so the "letze" part could mean "the last" fortress (for those travelling further north).
The Vatican is surrounded by Rome, it must be its own capital, it's a city-state; the population is 825, which is surprisingly low. I guess people come from the outside to work there, so that in the end, there are always more people than that present. There are hundreds of thousands who come to see the Pope, after all. The Vatican also has the Swiss Guards, an elite unit of soldiers who still wear their medieval uniforms.
Excellent. Wealas, Welscii etc all old Angle names for furengii or foreigners ,even Star Trek ... Berg , burgh , bury etc all terms relating to rock or a strong point fortification and all of them being used in the British Isles.
Switzerland is an interesting place that seems to have developed fom the cantons , a group of 7 powerful nobles at the end of the Templar domination of Europe and not surprisingly has traditionally a well developed banking system .
Burgus is a word in Latin too. In the fifth century the gallo Roman author Sidonius Apollinaris stayed at a fortified mansion called Burgus with its Roman owner Pontius Leontius.
@@Joanna-il2ur The Thracian Pyurg for Burgas in Bulgaria , the Greek Pyrgos too , all very similar with the same meaning . Must have been a common proto word for a defensible dwelling or refuge .
In Breton, France is called Bro-c'hall ( Land of gaulish or Land of foreigners)
I won't say for other countries. But the name Russia comes from Scandinavia. Vikings sailed along the Dnieper and when asked who you were, everyone introduced themselves as Gribets. In Scandinavian grootsman (Rootsi). Over time, the first syllable disappeared due to the difficulty of pronunciation. Along with the end of men. So only Rus remained. So these Vikings moving along the Dnieper reached Byzantium. Where they were recorded as Russ. Russia
The Roman word for the Swedes was the "Suiones" Tacitus also mentions the "Fenni" (probably the Finns).
Even as a Norwegian it grinds me when English speakers use the term "Holland" to refer to the Netherlands.
Don’t worry. There are plenty of us a little more enlightened, but I understand your annoyance.
@@primalenglandooh get you sucking up. I thought Holland got its name when Belgium was annexed and created, if I’m wrong, please excuse my ignorance as I’m not as enlightened as you.
@@user-fq8rs7rz3i Holland was a region in the northwest of the Netherlands, but was then adopted as a generic term for the Netherlands. And you’re a c**t for being a child.
What's the difference really? Both names still refer to the same country like Britain is to the UK and vice versa or Burma/Myanmar, Czech Republic/Czechia. I heard on TV months ago that the Neds want to phase out Holland which is fine. Pardon others who didn't know that.
@@jetster785 Ehm.. Holland is a part of the Netherlands.
You are right about Luxemburg. When Belgium split from the Kingdom of the Netherlands, a part of Luxemburg became a province of Belgium.
Yes but not completely. Luxembourg as a whole was part of Belgium when Belgium was a legally autonomous area of Austria, and then again in 1787 to 1791 and from 1815 to 1839.
ur confunding countrys with states, for example andorra and vatican arent countries but independent states within a country
Most assumption you made in the video like that Dutch - New York comparison or Luxembourg being greater in the HRE are actually correct. Pretty stunned by your knowledge, I like history too.<
ps. Vatican has no capital, it is a city state.
The best swords were forged in Spain. Phoenicians bought metals and weapons from Spain. Andorra was a glacier. There’s a lot of woods because is in the Pyrenees but it doesn’t make much sense because all Pyrenees is covered by woods.
name of Bulgaria has nothing to do with turkish "bulgamak"! most likely derived from latin word "vulgares" which means "common, ordinary " people! Greeks don't have "b", so "bulgares" became "vulgares"! same thing applies to name of serbians - derives from latin "servus" which means "servant"
Nah man it come from turkic(not turkish) tribe of bulgars that were later taken over by invading slavic people that live there now.
Probs to original creator of the video. A lot of reseach. About finland, we call it suomi and suo is swamp and we have shit fuck ton of swamps so there's a chance it might mean just swamp.
With Spain don’t think other countries make the names of other cities or countries so the name must have been a translation of the original name
15:15 Yes the modern day state of Luxembourg is just the county of Luxembourgh the duchy of Luxembough was a fair bit larger.
In many languages England starts with an "A" eg. Anglia in polish
Belarus is wrong - There were many Ruś'es not just Black and White - there was also Red and couple non-colour related. Also White relates to north, not west - west is Red (spans between south eastern Poland and western Ukriane)
6:01 wrong translation
الدارة
The vast land between the mountains, or everything that surrounds a thing, is grouped into circuits, and the circuits of the Arabs are the white plains that grow pleasant-smelling plants. Poets in the past sang about them to the point that their number increased to one hundred and ten circuits, and among the most famous is “Culture Circuit.”
Scotland in Gaidhlig is Alba (pron. Ahlupa)
having names consisting of the same word twice (like portugal = harbor harbor) makes no sense ?
many english speaking people call all lakes in germany "lake xxx" with xxx being the original name that often already ends in "See" which means lake (eg "yyysee"), and thus call it "lake yyylake". and when they spoke about LUX, letze means castle, burg means castle, and the "Letzebourg castle" thus would be the "castlecastle castle" ? :-)
I guess it's something to do with letting the locals know who is boss after an invasion . Like making a decree to the ruled people by the rulers with a different tongue e.g. The Rosetta Stone . In Cornwall there is Castle An Dinas, Dinas meaning castle in Cornish . I think Luxembourg is less complicated lux being " light " Light castle and the term appears in other seemingly unconnected countries .
"why do they spell it different, thy E instead of the Angels". The land of the Angles is modern english. The term at the time (before the great vowel shift) was englar, and anglo-saxons was engil-saxar. So the reason is literally , time.
11:12 the Welsh word for Wales is Cymru not Simrw
I have a big issue with the explaination of the term "Austria" when there was just told "Austria" is just the latinized version of "Ostarrichi" ....because that is heavily misleading not to say false because it implies that "Austria" is a Latin term which it actually isn´t.
The term Austria is actually rooted in the way older term for "Eastern borderland" which is "marchia austriaca" used by the Germanic tribe Franks during the times of the Frankish Empire.
"Marchia" is Latin for "borderland" while "austriaca" is the "Germanic/Frankish term" for "Eastern" rooted from the proto-germanic term for "Eastern" which is "austraz"... only the word ending of "Austria" = "a" is so to say "latinized" where the ending "ca" of "austriaca" got skipped in order to make the term - "more look like" - as like as a Latin term because Latin was the "world language in the Dark Ages/Medi evil past" so often foreign words got visual adapted by giving them a Latin ending letter for Latin scriptures..
But the core of the term "Austria" = "Austri" is Germanic and means "East" and is not Latin based...and for instance in Germanic Old Norse the term for "East" is "Austri" as well.
Ostarrichi is Old High German meaning "Eastern realm" instead of "borderland"....And "Ostar" is just a different Germanic dialectical form which developed later out of the earlier Proto Germanic "austraz"..
The - Latin term "auster/ austri" - means actually "South" and is base for the naming of the continent "Australia" which was an English colony - located "down South" from the British Isles perspective and that is the reason why it got called "Australia" in the 18th century.
Long story short: Austria is a Germanic term with a latinized ending "a" while "Australia" is a pure Latin term
So basically there is a term (=Austri) in 2 different languages = a Romance language and a Germanic language which aren´t in the slightest related with each other but which looks alike but do mean different things = "Classical definition for linguistic False friends"
Svea Rike as in Sweden, is from a tribe north of Stockholm, the Swea tribe, And Rike means Riches, not realm, It literally means the Riches of the Swedes.
this diutisc story is far more complicated, for it has the same indoeuropean root as the Diu in Jupiter and in Zeus and in and in Teutates (all meaning father of the Gods (Diu-tata) and ein the Teutonen. Therefore diutisc could also mean people of the gods.
" In Old Norse, the country was called Danmǫrk, referring to the Danish March, viz. the marches of the Danes."
why it is call Denmark ... some hting it comes from a old uknoen king called Den ....
Poland - Pol'ska - Polesska - Polesje - Pol'sha. The land is covered with forests. Sweden - swe - swoi - they are their own . they are ours. Croatia - Horvazka - Hora -Gora. The land covered with mountains. I am Russian and I can't say exactly what Russia means. because there are many words with this root in the Russian language. ras - ros - res - rus. maybe something to do with to grow or large. rost rasti ros rosla. ras - prefix, stojat' - to stand, rasstojanie - distance.
About Portugal, he forgot to mention other two theories about the name:
1. Cale is also the name of a Celtic deity, so the name of the region should read "Portus Cale" = "Port of Cale"
2. Cale is also a latin word for warmth, so it could possibly be "Portus Cale" = "Warmth Port"
His pronunciation of “Cymru” and “Sverige” was so wrong 🏴 🇸🇪. Why do people making informative videos usefully make so many mistakes?
And edit.. why does he have the name and flag for Slovakia for Slovenia? 🇸🇰 🇸🇮
I stopped at Monaco. France is named that way because it was the name of one of the tribes that invaded the Roman empire and settled there in the IVth century 😅I don't know if the video is a troll because Spain was accurate but one of the only three ones I knew is false so sorry I won't keep it up
Wasn't that what the video said at 6:37?! o.O
Many people don't consider Russia & Turkey to be European countries given that the map doesn't reflect their majority sizes which lies over in Asia rendering them as true Asian countries geographically.
Russia is, turkey is not
@@SonOfBaraki359 What's the difference geographically between those two...? Remember that 77% of Russia's area is still in Asia not Europe, so you can't automatically cut up half of Russia and exclude the other Asian side as though it is a separate country! It doesn't work like that. And 97% of Turkey's territory lies in Asia so that's why both are simply Asian countries.
@@jetster785 Culture
@@jetster785
You can say something similar for Europe tho, geographically speaking Europe doesn't exists, it's part of Asia, they aren't divided like América or The Américas.
Then it comes social stuff, most of Russia is on the Europe side, capital, population and again, the culture.
@@SonOfBaraki359Clearly you have no idea about Turkish culture, which is a mixture of Balkan/Central Asian.
Every time a border seems strange the answer is wars,lots of wars.
There are several Hollands in Europe, all close to the sea. Because "Holland" means "land taken (from the sea)".
"Belgium" and "Belarus'" are related. The slavic Bely means "white" and the supreme God of the celtic Belgae was named Bel, the God of Light.
Luxembourg (Lützenburg) was the home of the noble house of Luxembourg. Indeed, they controlled most of central Europe during the High Middle Ages. When their line ended, the house of Habsburg took over.
Lituania/Lietuva may come from the word Lietus = rain, compare to Spanish lluvia.
Russia/Rus' comes from "rudder"/"to row", compare to that the Finns call Sweden "Ruotsi", the Sweds were the first East Slavic kings.
Bulgaria, see compare "bulgur".
Correction: france, Frankish is of Germanic origin, not romance, the name that the Germanic speaking franks gave to themselves. There still exists the modern, slightly outdated German word “ frank”, mostly in the combination “ frank und frei” , “direct, straightforward and free”
Addition: the English, French etc. name “Austria” derives from the Frankish eastern realm of”Austria” after the division of Charlemagne’s empire , opposed to “neustria “ in the west. I’ve never heard the term “Österreich „ deriving from a Bavarian eastern area. I’m sure it’s just a translation of Austria as “eastern realm” . The French word franc, franche means the same, and it derives from the frankish, Germanic word
The Frankish territory was Austrasia not Austria. In means the old land, not the eastern land.
The Franks were a blend of Germans, Gaulish and other peoples, including Romans who fell out with the regime.
@@Joanna-il2urthe franks were Belgians
@@imwinningthisone7613 Belgium was created by the Treaty of London of 1839. So that is a meaningless concept. The Franks were formed in the later third century and are first mentioned in the panegyric to Maximian in c.285AD (see Nixon and Saylor Rogers). The cannot have been in what is now Belgium, because they are specifically described as being on the east bank of the Rhine. A number of earlier groups vanish from the record at that time, so we can tell they are a new confederation. While they include some Germanic people, they also include sicambri, who were Gauls plus a variety of assorted Romans, mainly army deserters.
The Franks were troublesome for Julian and he defeated them at the Battle of Strasbourg in 357. They then settled down and became Romans. One of them, Bauto, became Consul, while his son Arbogastes became a senior Roman officer and his daughter Eudoxia married the emperor Arcadius.
In c.407, a comitatus, a warband headed by Merovech contracted to protect the road from Cologne to Boulogne from enemies. They did well, and Childeric, the son of Merovech, who was based at Tongres, was made commander of troops in Belgica Secunda. As someone born in Roman territory he was a Roman citizen. As Rome weakened, Childeric was able to style himself King, but what of, as his seal was in Latin, Childericus Rex, and he is shown on it in Roman armour with a Gaulish moustache. When his son, Chlodovech, Clovis, succeeded him, aged fifteen, he was put in charge of the lands south to the Somme by the local Catholic Bishop.
Many Franks still lived west of the Rhine, while many lived in Thuringia in Germany. It was Clovis who brought them all under his rule and created the Merovingian dynasty. You may find Halsall Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West 376-568 worthwhile.
@@Joanna-il2ur lil bro. Your first sentence already says enough about you, so I won't bother with the rest of it.
Come back to me when you have some historical knowledge.
Weird that Romania and the UK have regions with "Wal" referring to outsiders/foreigners by coincidence.
Not surprisingly this is due to Roman input . Romanian is Romance similar to French and not Slavic . Wealas , wealh, welscii are all used to describe foreigners . Cornwall was once described as South West Wealas .
It is not a coincidence. Places with the prefix Wal or Gal come from the Latin for Celts. Wales, Galicia (there is a Galicia in Spain, Poland and Turkey. The Galatians in Turkey are the people St. Paul wrote a letter to.) Also Wallachia in Romania, Portugal, Cornwall, Galloway in Scotland, Galway in Ireland and the Walloons in Belgium. Also the names Belgium and Bulgaria are both derived from a type of spear thrower, so they are 'the people with the spear thrower '. The Boii people of Bohemia also went to Ireland, which is where the river Boyne got its name. Boii was an ancient river goddess. Some of these names may even be pre Celtic.
Lithuania/lietuva Lithuanian word for rain is lietus so (lietuva - lietus) a land where it constantly rain if you will back then Lithuania was a swamp with big ass forest making entire area similar to rain forest that is also extensively muddy so yea Lithuania 🇱🇹 :)
Eng in german means narrow..the Angles were a german tribe who conquered this land along with the Saxons,another german tribe of Sachsen. Therefore the Anglosaxons..
Belarussia is more like White Ruthenia than white russia.
France is from Franks, one of Germanic tribes.
Poland is in Central not Eastern Europe.
Kievan Ruthenia/Ruś was a thing long before russia was a thing.
Kievan Ruthenia/Ruś == Russia
@@rvd5014 , lol nope.
@@aaergplay6022 FRONTERIZO 😂😂😂😂 HOLY NOVGOROD 🤗🤗🤗
Ukraine comes from krai meaning land. Not similar name that means border. In Western and Southern Slavic languages there are similar words that mean land or country.
"People who swell with anger" 😂, yeah Jules C. ran into some very angry people here -> coz they were taxed to starvation and their sons incorperated in the Legions (1), after a succesfull guerilla uprising, he reacted by commiting genocide here. Killed 1 million and starved the rest-> result no more Belgai.
I love studying history , but man it was brutal, if we kept a grudge we'd have beef with everyone 😂. And that's why , as imperfect as it is, the EU 🇪🇺 is a very good thing.
Very interesting video Connor, thanks. Stay safe and have a nice day 🤘❤️
(1) sounds familliar? It was common practice for thousands of years. Napoleon still did the same thing, again we resisted by going into the woodlands and waging a guerilla war.
Roman 'Britannia' referred to present-day England (nearly) - ie anything south of Hadrian's Wall (not quite the modern border between England and Scotland). The Romans referred to present-day Scotland as Caledonia. It was never part of the Empire (although Agricola would probably have added it if he had not been recalled by the Emperor - he was becoming too successful. The Caledonian tribes were becoming exhausted by the constant guerrilla warfare they waged against the Romans and were nearly ready to negotiate). The tribes - Picts and others - did not amalgamate to become Scots until after the Romans had left.
Btw, Cymru is pronounced 'Koomry'.
No, "Cymru" is not pronounced "Koomry": it is pronounced "Kum-ree", more like the way we pronounce Cumbria and Cumberland, names which are related.
The Romans used the pre-existing name for the whole island coined in the 1st century BC by the Greeks Βρεττανική (Brettanike) for the province(s) they administered.
27:38 the narrator didn’t pronounce “Magyar” correctly
wales is not really ""foreigners" but more something like "those who don't speak like us".
I heard that welsh means nonsense. The Romans called it that I think.
What's interesting is that the Swiss Germans also refer to the French and Italians as "Welsche", usually in a pejorative sense I think, while the German word "Kauderwelsch" means "gibberish".
@@mondegreen9709Yes, that’s it, gibberish. I knew I’d read it somewhere. Thank you.
@@user-fq8rs7rz3i well, everything is gibberish when you don't speak the language. Remember that "barbarian" only meant "those who dont' speak greek"
@@user-fq8rs7rz3iyes in Switzerland we would call the French speaking regions especially by the term Welsch. The more proper term is Romandie. It basically means, people who don't speak German. So for German speaking Swiss, we divide the country in 2 categories, Deutschschweiz, and Welschland. Those that speak German and those who don't.
So when I think of Wales that's always what I think. Ah yes, they are the people who don't speak Germanic.
It's similar in Switzerland that the romance languages were there long before German. And we're all together descended from the same Celtic source, just belonged to different kingdoms in the early middle ages.
Wow I can't believe that, this guy censored a country name Lol. it is Montenegro not Monten.
11:33 I am a Hollander, speak Dutch and live in the land of the Netherlands in the province North-Holland..
The term Nederlander (Netherlander) is like calling a Texan a Yankee.
Holland just wants itself to be called Netherlands so they can have more claim to stolen Belgian land (North Brabant, Limburg and Zealandic flanders)