Hi all! We hope you learned some helpful info about MOSFETs with this video - we have a lot more tutorials and videos on different semiconductors as well as other electrical engineering / electronics topics. Go check them out on our UA-cam channel or on our website - www.circuitbread.com/
Hi, I really ❤️ your video. I am a teacher from Bangladesh. Most of student don't understand english. I like to teach them in your way.❤️ Please, can you tell me what software you use. Specially the 3d animation part. Thanks. #respect.
@@andrey-kramer Any 3D modelling/animation tool will achieve pretty much the same results. If you want to get into 3D modelling, you can get started with Blender since it's free and has a pretty wide community so you can get help if you're stuck
BEST video HANDS DOWN.. I had no clue about MOSFETS, in fact I kinda got intimidated how TF these monsters worked. But it explained me in the best possible way.
You sir are awesome, my professor has some old-school books/presentations. In them you get lost after the first 2 sentences, while this video explains everything in less than 5 minutes, thank you again and have a good day! :) Also english isn't my mother tongue so be nice :)
Bygod... 4 weeks of my professor yelling and pointing at formulas makes no sense to a visual learner like me. This is just what I needed, Cheers mydude.
Excellent video! Specially because you taught the principles beforehand. Also, your observations about the terms and your explanation about "region" were great - you are an excellent teacher, sir!
Thanks for mentioning how the substrate is usually connected to ground. I dont understand how everybody talks about the gate voltage without mentioning where that connects to.
bro need to get this channel to like grow like asap like asap asap cuz my professor have a heavy ass accent and speak hella fast and talk like we understand everything already inside out
I am not a degreed electronics engineer, HOWEVER this is how that ACTUALLY seems to work: when circuit between pos (gate side) and neg termimal are connected the electrons flow to that capactitor gate and thus fill that channel and current starts flowing across that channel. Thanks in advance for saying THANKS!
Hay quá ad ơi. Tìm kiếm rất lâu rồi mới tìm ra video dễ hiểu như vậy. Điểm ấn tượng nhất của video và phần mô tả bằng hình ảnh 3D. Cảm ơn ad nhiều lắm. Chúc sức khỏe và hẹn gặp lại nhé!
Cảm ơn bạn đã bình luận và tôi rất vui vì nó hữu ích! Tôi xin lỗi, tôi đang sử dụng Google Dịch nên hy vọng điều này có ý nghĩa. Chúc may mắn với mọi thứ và chúng tôi hy vọng sẽ tạo thêm một số hướng dẫn về CMOS trong 12 tháng tới.
Thank you very much for this. Although I struggled with certain terms, the fact that you acknowledged it can be tricky at first; helped me to think I need to stick at it and it will eventually come. You have a good presentation style and I look forward to watching g more of your videos. Thank you and greetings from Sheffield in UK.
I was at my 1.year in material science in 2018, we had lab with 2 pHD , professors, from each field, chemistry, physics, asked a lots of questions,but still nobody could explain how this operates. 2 years later I found this! :D
Thank you so much, the 4 videos about NMOS in this channel are beyond fantastic, amazing , unbelievable. Immense talent on how to explain , what amount of knowledge to be delivered in what video to avoid confusion, awareness of what parts are confusing for students and how to tackle them. short videos but the amount of work and preparation put into them is huge. real professional work. thank you thank you thank you.
We have some series that we're working through at the moment but I'm accumulating a few one-off topics that I'd like to address. I have added JFET to it!
I am an Electrical Engineering student and this video was very helpful! You do a great job of explaining the basics of MOSFET operation in a short amount of time, though I did have to lower the video speed and go back a few times to make sure I understood what was being said. I have one question, though: Could you explain again the relationship between Saturation and Linear/Triode region? My textbook says that the Linear region occurs as the "pinched" channel forms, and Saturation occurs when the channel is fully open, but your terms are switched?
This is such a common question (and something that confused us for a long time as well) we did a video on it! ua-cam.com/video/o3M2sOCGCKs/v-deo.html Hopefully it clarifies things.
I like your description of the functionality of the device but I would like to see the device used in a real world circuit and possibly an explanation of the benefit of why this device was chosen instead of a different (less complicated) device. Thanks for the video.
Thanks for the feedback, Bruce! We're going to include MOSFETs in our Circuits series, showing them in practical and real-world circuits - that series is currently being developed.
Don't worry about it. I am an Electrical Engineer and I'm still struggling to understand MOSFET's, junctions, regions, holes, electrons and all that crap. I understood it enough to pass those clases with an A but other than that I've never needed to know the specifics of these components. Don't worry about it, life is beautiful to be worrying all the time.
We're hoping to create a repository of simple circuit examples on CircuitBread.com that would include various use cases for MOSFETs. I'm not sure how quickly we'll get it live or how fast it'll grow but we are expecting to start building that in a month or two.
I have found that, for a lot of this stuff, I have to review it a couple times for it to stick in my head. When I write a script, I almost always write it, walk away for a couple days, then come back and look at it again, work on it some more before sending it off to JB for review (though if I remember correctly, JB actually wrote this one). So don't feel bad at all if the first time through it doesn't all stick or if it seems to click at first but then later, you get confused again. As for the word MOSFET... that's a strange but fun! I didn't have any strong feelings until I finally understood what it actually stood for, which blew my mind.
As @sureshchattu5211 mentioned in another comment, I believe you have the two region names confused at 2:11 and 2:34. From my understanding the area before VGS equals the threshold voltage is the Ohmic region. The region past the threshold voltage when the MOSFET is fully conducting is the Saturation region. If I'm wrong please let me know! Otherwise this was a fantastic video!
Thanks! We actually did another video that addresses this specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet I think, in this case, the biggest challenge is that, in this video, we are showing what happens when you increase VGS. Yet almost all graphs that show this curve, including ones we've made, have VDS as the x-axis. So, to help see why we *think* we are right (hey, I'm not going to claim perfection - ever) look at one of those graphs and then, instead of moving left to right, choose a VDS voltage and then look at the regions you move through as you go from the bottom to the top. It'll be cutoff, saturation, then ohmic (or linear). Hopefully between that quick explanation and the other video, this will be clear. UA-cam is not great about notifying us of responses to comments but I would love to hear if that cleared things up!
@@CircuitBread thanks for the reply! This makes total sense and I agree, the terminology is incredibly confusing! Your linked article does a wonderful job of further explaining these regions, thanks!
This was done with the Adobe Suite - so Aftereffects, primarily. Our editors that do CircuitBread work now use Davinci Resolve (so any newer CB videos use that) but we still use Adobe with our client work.
I believe there might be an issue with the information you provided. You mentioned that in the case of a voltage applied to the gate that is lower than the threshold voltage, it is the saturation region. However, based on my knowledge, this is not accurate. When the gate voltage is lower than the threshold, the operating region is the cutoff. It's when the voltage exceeds the threshold that we need to check the drain-source voltage. If the drain-source voltage is higher than the overdrive voltage, which is given by Vov = Vth - Vgs, then the operating region is in saturation. Otherwise, it is in the linear region.
will doing this with gluons and quarks give warp tech ? is antimatter needed ? how does one control subst? particles ´´without the risk öff igniting more aka the höle atmö^^
Great video! I just don't understand one thing, what controls the gate voltage? Because in order to translate the open or closed state of the transistor into Boolean algebra, you have to constantly change the gate voltage, so I wanted to know how this was achieved.
Thank Nathan! The gate voltage is manually (or externally) controlled by something else. From that vague phrase, you can extrapolate out to either an external source (if you're messing with a discrete MOSFET directly with a power supply) or another part of the circuit (like a flip-flop further up the line in an integrated circuit). From a digital logic/boolean perspective, you don't normally worry about the gate voltage (or the different operating modes) of the FET, you simply focus on whether or not the FET is "open" or "closed".
The great thing with depletion mode is that you can just connect transistors in many ways and it just works. Look at the weird CMOS gates which are in use in any modern computer.
Do a video on how to identify the size of a mosfet to buy one. For example, I removed one from an inverter and want to buy a replacement. How do I buy the same size?
I'm not sure if that warrants a full video! Whenever I do something like that, I either pull the part off and google the part number etched on it or just go to somewhere like DigiKey and use their parametric search using the package size and just make some reasonable assumptions on what it should be. The former is definitely the better method, if it works, though.
I read a particular datasheet which has this reading which i find odd and cannot figure out why, in what incidence will continuous drain current (Tc=25C & Tc=100C) be equal? Shouldnt the current decrease when temperature is higher?
Hopefully I understand the question, but I think the issue is that you're reading it as expected behavior versus tolerated behavior. I'm going to assume that it says the continuous drain current is the same at 25C and 100C? That simply means that, if your MOSFET is working in 25C conditions, it will safely conduct the same amount of current as that same MOSFET in 100C conditions. Of course the designers put a little wiggle room in there to cover themselves (as they should!) but I wouldn't be surprised if the wiggle room is smaller on the 100C side.
This always confused me and is why we created this tutorial specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet It gets into more detail on the different operating regions. Hopefully it will clarify things!
Although it depends on both, if anything, I'd say the opposite. When in the saturation region, it's Vgs that changes the current flow and in the triode region, the current is changed by varying Vds. For more in-depth, we did this tutorial: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet Hope that helps!
Hi all! We hope you learned some helpful info about MOSFETs with this video - we have a lot more tutorials and videos on different semiconductors as well as other electrical engineering / electronics topics. Go check them out on our UA-cam channel or on our website - www.circuitbread.com/
You're great presenter, thank You!
I lofe your voice in the first thirty seconds. I can listen and learn from you.
VGS VTH and VDS > VG-VTH
did I misunderstand anything …!
saturation
@@sureshchattu5211 May be, he confuse between Vgd with Vgs. I think "gate threshold voltage" is replaced to "gate to drain voltage".
Hi,
I really ❤️ your video.
I am a teacher from Bangladesh. Most of student don't understand english. I like to teach them in your way.❤️
Please, can you tell me what software you use. Specially the 3d animation part.
Thanks. #respect.
Came here after my first Electronics class and learned everything we talked about in 5 minutes. Thank you
You learnt about mosfets in your first electronics class? I'm learning about it in my 2nd year of university lol
@@zaks7 I'm learning about it in my third yr lol
But you got through a 2 hour lecture. This will stick more than a 5 min video, what I wjll forget in a day
@@zaks7learning in first year😢
Great info, graphics, and editing!
Thanks! This is one of my personal favorites, to be honest.
@@CircuitBread hi
what program you use for 3D modelling MOSFET ? (from 0:56 and later)
@@andrey-kramer Any 3D modelling/animation tool will achieve pretty much the same results. If you want to get into 3D modelling, you can get started with Blender since it's free and has a pretty wide community so you can get help if you're stuck
BEST video HANDS DOWN.. I had no clue about MOSFETS, in fact I kinda got intimidated how TF these monsters worked. But it explained me in the best possible way.
You sir are awesome, my professor has some old-school books/presentations. In them you get lost after the first 2 sentences, while this video explains everything in less than 5 minutes, thank you again and have a good day! :)
Also english isn't my mother tongue so be nice :)
you have better grammar than most english speakers
Bygod... 4 weeks of my professor yelling and pointing at formulas makes no sense to a visual learner like me. This is just what I needed, Cheers mydude.
Awesome, that's exactly what we were hoping for! Glad it helped out.
Excellent video! Specially because you taught the principles beforehand. Also, your observations about the terms and your explanation about "region" were great - you are an excellent teacher, sir!
Awesome, thank you!
My Solid State Physics final is coming, thank you for this video and wish me luck
Had a ruckus in finding good videos that makes you understand the working ....then found this channel...... life saver❤
Blessed with an excellent video on how MOSFETs work. Studying EE has never been easier. Today is a good day and I wish y'all the best.
Thank you!
Thanks for the explanation. My prof just rushed through this during his lecture and I couldnt understand how it worked.
This is such a masterpiece. Thank you!
Thanks for the feedback, I appreciate it!
Subscribed
Thank you sir. It refreshed my dusty knowledge of college... so wonderful.
Thanks for mentioning how the substrate is usually connected to ground. I dont understand how everybody talks about the gate voltage without mentioning where that connects to.
Yeah, definitely! I remember that being a very confusing point to me as well.
bro need to get this channel to like grow like asap like asap asap cuz my professor have a heavy ass accent and speak hella fast and talk like we understand everything already inside out
wow such a good video. In 4 minutes I have a deeper understanding than hours of googling.
Thank you! The explanation is very understandable with the animated image of the MOSFET structure
I am not a degreed electronics engineer, HOWEVER this is how that ACTUALLY seems to work: when circuit between pos (gate side) and neg termimal are connected the electrons flow to that capactitor gate and thus fill that channel and current starts flowing across that channel. Thanks in advance for saying THANKS!
best mosfet tutorial. good job circuit bread! :)
Thank you!!
Hay quá ad ơi. Tìm kiếm rất lâu rồi mới tìm ra video dễ hiểu như vậy. Điểm ấn tượng nhất của video và phần mô tả bằng hình ảnh 3D. Cảm ơn ad nhiều lắm. Chúc sức khỏe và hẹn gặp lại nhé!
Cảm ơn bạn đã bình luận và tôi rất vui vì nó hữu ích! Tôi xin lỗi, tôi đang sử dụng Google Dịch nên hy vọng điều này có ý nghĩa. Chúc may mắn với mọi thứ và chúng tôi hy vọng sẽ tạo thêm một số hướng dẫn về CMOS trong 12 tháng tới.
Thank you very much for this. Although I struggled with certain terms, the fact that you acknowledged it can be tricky at first; helped me to think I need to stick at it and it will eventually come. You have a good presentation style and I look forward to watching g more of your videos. Thank you and greetings from Sheffield in UK.
I was at my 1.year in material science in 2018, we had lab with 2 pHD , professors, from each field, chemistry, physics, asked a lots of questions,but still nobody could explain how this operates. 2 years later I found this! :D
häh wait 4 yör first uav ^^ blü fändär xD
exactly what i needed, nice animation. Thanks a ton!
Awesome, glad it helped!
This is a good summary
After watching multiple videos on this subject this is the one that actually made it click. Very nicely done and thank you.
Great video. You have explained it better in 5 minutes than my professor have in 3 hours
"Kuk i" means "Cock inside" in Swedish. Have a nice day.
True
Nah your professor explained t better you just cleared your concepts and revised the topic here
Yah I agree with you.
Yes, it is a technological achievement that changed our civilization. WOW.
Such a good and clear explanation of what a MOSFET is. Thank you!!!
You're welcome!
Before your explanation, I thought that mosfet was a mixture of metal filings and it oxide. Thank you, great work, your brother from Algeria.
Excellent description and graphics!
They put these in airsoft guns, so this helped me understand how they work inside. Thanks!
No cap this is a really good explenation of how these things work.
Thank you! This made things so much clearer, and got to the point.
Good job!
At least in this presentation the lecturer was sensitive to his audience's confusion with the various technical terms.
Wonderfully explained! Gave a much better understanding about MOSFET now.
Thank you so much, the 4 videos about NMOS in this channel are beyond fantastic, amazing , unbelievable. Immense talent on how to explain , what amount of knowledge to be delivered in what video to avoid confusion, awareness of what parts are confusing for students and how to tackle them. short videos but the amount of work and preparation put into them is huge. real professional work. thank you thank you thank you.
Absolutely brilliant work on this video! Thank you so much!
You're welcome!
That helped a lot.
so informative. great video to jog the memory
Very good way to imagine how it operates! Thanks !
Awesome video. Very well explained. Just subscribed the channel
This is an incredible explanation. Thanks!
Very well explained and the animations helped a bunch! Thanks!
Your videos are excellent!!
Can you please make a video on working of junction filed effect transistor(JFET)
We have some series that we're working through at the moment but I'm accumulating a few one-off topics that I'd like to address. I have added JFET to it!
@@CircuitBread
Thank you very much
The lower part of the mosfet is a jfet. You could mirror the top electrodes to get rid of it.
Eureka moment at 1:04
Thank you very much for the easy-to-understand video. You saved me from many confusions.
You're welcome, glad it helped!
I am an Electrical Engineering student and this video was very helpful! You do a great job of explaining the basics of MOSFET operation in a short amount of time, though I did have to lower the video speed and go back a few times to make sure I understood what was being said. I have one question, though: Could you explain again the relationship between Saturation and Linear/Triode region? My textbook says that the Linear region occurs as the "pinched" channel forms, and Saturation occurs when the channel is fully open, but your terms are switched?
This is such a common question (and something that confused us for a long time as well) we did a video on it! ua-cam.com/video/o3M2sOCGCKs/v-deo.html Hopefully it clarifies things.
God why can't university just explain things like this!!!!
Thank you sooo much for this video. Please keep making
Very nice video. Thank you. :)
Thank you. very good exlanation.
Thank you so much,❤😊
Excellent video, thank you! Subscribed.
really great explanation. thanks !
I like your description of the functionality of the device but I would like to see the device used in a real world circuit and possibly an explanation of the benefit of why this device was chosen instead of a different (less complicated) device. Thanks for the video.
Thanks for the feedback, Bruce! We're going to include MOSFETs in our Circuits series, showing them in practical and real-world circuits - that series is currently being developed.
This is an excellent video that being university notes on FET.
Cheers.
great explanation. thank you .
Super duper helpful, Thank you so much!!!
Thank you!! It is easy to understand
AMAZING THANKS!!
Thanks sir for science, now I already know 😊
Thanks you, sir, this video actually usefull.😄😄😄
Most welcome 😊
Amazing Video 11/10
Thanks!!
Excellent short interesting video
Don't worry about it. I am an Electrical Engineer and I'm still struggling to understand MOSFET's, junctions, regions, holes, electrons and all that crap. I understood it enough to pass those clases with an A but other than that I've never needed to know the specifics of these components. Don't worry about it, life is beautiful to be worrying all the time.
Great video as always. Thanks a lot.
ALIGN THAT BLUE BACKGROUND PROPERLY!!! THIS IS ENGINEERING!!!
😂😂😂
I hadn’t noticed the misalignment! Does this mean I’m not a good engineer? 😄
I think it would be nice to see examples of various use cases too.
We're hoping to create a repository of simple circuit examples on CircuitBread.com that would include various use cases for MOSFETs. I'm not sure how quickly we'll get it live or how fast it'll grow but we are expecting to start building that in a month or two.
In the explanation of MOSFET, Source must be connected to substrate.
Which brings us to Ohmic contacts to both Dopings.
Well now my head hurts. As a kid I just always loved the name MOSFET..like MOSFET power and such.
I have found that, for a lot of this stuff, I have to review it a couple times for it to stick in my head. When I write a script, I almost always write it, walk away for a couple days, then come back and look at it again, work on it some more before sending it off to JB for review (though if I remember correctly, JB actually wrote this one). So don't feel bad at all if the first time through it doesn't all stick or if it seems to click at first but then later, you get confused again.
As for the word MOSFET... that's a strange but fun! I didn't have any strong feelings until I finally understood what it actually stood for, which blew my mind.
Thanks it was informative
Nicely explained sir
Four years in university I didn't understand exactly what is mosfet. Until now
It's tough to visualize, I'm glad we were able to help!
Me : Waiting patiently at the end of the video for the bread to pop out . Anyways, great vdo. I got great clarity along with my previous knowledge.
😂 Thanks for the feedback!
As @sureshchattu5211 mentioned in another comment, I believe you have the two region names confused at 2:11 and 2:34. From my understanding the area before VGS equals the threshold voltage is the Ohmic region. The region past the threshold voltage when the MOSFET is fully conducting is the Saturation region.
If I'm wrong please let me know! Otherwise this was a fantastic video!
Thanks! We actually did another video that addresses this specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet I think, in this case, the biggest challenge is that, in this video, we are showing what happens when you increase VGS. Yet almost all graphs that show this curve, including ones we've made, have VDS as the x-axis. So, to help see why we *think* we are right (hey, I'm not going to claim perfection - ever) look at one of those graphs and then, instead of moving left to right, choose a VDS voltage and then look at the regions you move through as you go from the bottom to the top. It'll be cutoff, saturation, then ohmic (or linear). Hopefully between that quick explanation and the other video, this will be clear. UA-cam is not great about notifying us of responses to comments but I would love to hear if that cleared things up!
@@CircuitBread thanks for the reply! This makes total sense and I agree, the terminology is incredibly confusing! Your linked article does a wonderful job of further explaining these regions, thanks!
Awesome! Glad to hear!
Great animation! Which software do you use?
This was done with the Adobe Suite - so Aftereffects, primarily. Our editors that do CircuitBread work now use Davinci Resolve (so any newer CB videos use that) but we still use Adobe with our client work.
Thank you sir
Well explained
I believe there might be an issue with the information you provided. You mentioned that in the case of a voltage applied to the gate that is lower than the threshold voltage, it is the saturation region. However, based on my knowledge, this is not accurate.
When the gate voltage is lower than the threshold, the operating region is the cutoff.
It's when the voltage exceeds the threshold that we need to check the drain-source voltage. If the drain-source voltage is higher than the overdrive voltage, which is given by Vov = Vth - Vgs, then the operating region is in saturation. Otherwise, it is in the linear region.
excellent
will doing this with gluons and quarks give warp tech ?
is antimatter needed ? how does one control subst? particles ´´without the risk öff igniting more aka the höle atmö^^
Thank you
Are you mixing up subthreshold and saturation? In saturation you definitely have Vgs>Vt and it’s Vds that puts you in saturation/pinch-off.
The more i see ur vidéo the more the obscur side of electronic become clair
Perfect. Thank u
Wtf, how was this explained so well lol
Nice video, thanks :)
Great video! I just don't understand one thing, what controls the gate voltage? Because in order to translate the open or closed state of the transistor into Boolean algebra, you have to constantly change the gate voltage, so I wanted to know how this was achieved.
Thank Nathan! The gate voltage is manually (or externally) controlled by something else. From that vague phrase, you can extrapolate out to either an external source (if you're messing with a discrete MOSFET directly with a power supply) or another part of the circuit (like a flip-flop further up the line in an integrated circuit).
From a digital logic/boolean perspective, you don't normally worry about the gate voltage (or the different operating modes) of the FET, you simply focus on whether or not the FET is "open" or "closed".
The great thing with depletion mode is that you can just connect transistors in many ways and it just works. Look at the weird CMOS gates which are in use in any modern computer.
Great video. Only confusion I have is, why are the N type regions represented with a + sign?
The "+" signs are not necessary but they're usually used to indicate that the regions are heavily doped. Hope that helps!
Do a video on how to identify the size of a mosfet to buy one. For example, I removed one from an inverter and want to buy a replacement. How do I buy the same size?
I'm not sure if that warrants a full video! Whenever I do something like that, I either pull the part off and google the part number etched on it or just go to somewhere like DigiKey and use their parametric search using the package size and just make some reasonable assumptions on what it should be. The former is definitely the better method, if it works, though.
Double thumbs up 👍🏼👍🏼. Just make sense now.
To all of you who gave a thumbs down, . have the balls to justify.
I read a particular datasheet which has this reading which i find odd and cannot figure out why, in what incidence will continuous drain current (Tc=25C & Tc=100C) be equal? Shouldnt the current decrease when temperature is higher?
Hopefully I understand the question, but I think the issue is that you're reading it as expected behavior versus tolerated behavior. I'm going to assume that it says the continuous drain current is the same at 25C and 100C? That simply means that, if your MOSFET is working in 25C conditions, it will safely conduct the same amount of current as that same MOSFET in 100C conditions. Of course the designers put a little wiggle room in there to cover themselves (as they should!) but I wouldn't be surprised if the wiggle room is smaller on the 100C side.
@@CircuitBread thanks for the explanation, that makes sense.
Nice, I've OCD, please put the background squares in line
Nice video but one question. Isn't 2:12 a triode region and 2:34 a saturation region?
This always confused me and is why we created this tutorial specifically: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet It gets into more detail on the different operating regions. Hopefully it will clarify things!
Great video, Thank you.
Can I say that current in saturation region depend on DS voltage and in triode region depends on GS voltage?
Although it depends on both, if anything, I'd say the opposite. When in the saturation region, it's Vgs that changes the current flow and in the triode region, the current is changed by varying Vds. For more in-depth, we did this tutorial: www.circuitbread.com/tutorials/what-are-the-different-regions-of-operation-for-a-fet Hope that helps!
Watch at 0.75 for clear understanding
And use the closed captioning as well. I'm trying to speak slower in the videos but am not doing extremely well at it so far.
nice explanation... I did not understand a single word :D
😂 Maybe you should start with the basic semiconductors playlist? ua-cam.com/video/n2S7kN12RDQ/v-deo.html Hopefully that'll help!
we wrap cable n fiber between plastic nylon layer
Very Nic Video
the background made me watch with my head tilted to the side.