HOW TRANSISTORS RUN CODE?
Вставка
- Опубліковано 2 тра 2024
- This video was sponsored by Brilliant.
To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/CoreDumped. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
In this episode we learn about the basics of how transistors power computers. We start with how transistors work all the way up to creating more complicated circuits, like adders, decoders, and even ALUs. All by using the power of abstractions, so it is extremely simple to understand.
Join our discord server:
/ discord
Follow me on twitter:
twittter.com/coredumpped
Follow me on Github:
github.com/jdvillal
Questions and business contact:
contact.coredumped@gmail.com - Наука та технологія
This video was sponsored by Brilliant.
To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/CoreDumped. You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
Note:
There is a little animation mistake at 4:33, the NOT gate in the bottom should output 0 instead of 1.
Where are you from? I'm from Argentina!!
Ecuador
Hi, just came here to say i genuinely don't care whether the voice is AI-gen or has the thickest accent imaginable because these videos are genuinely the best thing I have seen on low level computer basics. Thank you so much for making them
The moment you recommended Ben Eater Videos, I subscribed without thinking too much , hope this channel will also grow just like a Ben Eater Channel
Thank you for this. This is amazing. Greetings from Germany!
bro just casually explained a whole university course
No fkn kidding. I have a bitwise operations course for my degree that I was even more intimidated by than calculus. This video showed me I don’t have too much to worry about. Now I can focus all my energy into stressing about calculus :D
❤yes beb
Sort of
It literally did. Actually even better, i never get the course lectures and automatically head to youtube. Where i truly learn
This is true, I've had to learn this through a whole semester and this dude just summarize it in less than 15 minutes
I've never had the entire mechanism of the ALU shown to me with such clarity, despite having a computer science degree from a pretty reputable university 😅. In particular, it was never explained to me how we got from transistors to logic gates.
I recall during labs, we were simply given logic gate chips and told to use them. I assume the professors and TAs must have thought it's too basic to warrant explaining, and none of the students wanted to ask because we were all smug teenagers who had too much ego for our own good 😮💨.
Same situation. Unfortunately, Computer Science has forked so hard from its origins; (Electrical Engineering), that if students want to learn concepts as simple as this one, aditional external resources are needed.
Agree 100%
@@CoreDumpped I agree and the same can be said for EE. It's forked so hard from Physics that a lot of Engineer's who want to understand edge effects in circuits not covered by the lumped-element electricity model are forced to go outside EE texts. That's the tradeoff of imperfect abstraction, you gain simplicity at the cost of some important details. When I first took an analog electronics course we started with Maxwell's equations applied to static charges X_X ... it took us a while to get to a basic power supply. My friends who where Engineers laughed pretty hard at me.
Really? I'm self taught software engineer and built my own cpu, assembly language, assembler, compiler and os ... I guess it depends on how interested you are in things
@@jordixboy True, but a well written article/video about those topics will make the difference between leaving you wondering or you fully grasping all at first smoothly
please keep uploading this kind of videos, i love low level stuff and your way of explaining is great!! thanks!
Yes bro
George it's not about the accent you might have, it's about the content you give out. You can always add subtitles, or upload two videos one that is AI narrated, and one that has your voice. Practice makes perfect and you make a perfect content for it to be discarded just because of the AI narration.
tbh the ai voice isn’t bad at all though. and is much easier than being distracted by heavily accented english.
the intent is to delivery he information as fast & fluently as possible; the ai may be dry but it still fluent.
Yes, it's a good idea since a lot of people will click away before they hear anything because of frivolous reasons like that. So he is just being realistic and it makes sense.
@@Leonhart_93 define “a lot of people”.
@@elijahjflowers The part of the audience you don't attract as a growing channel, because they click away too fast.
No matter who they are, every bit helps with the algorithm.
At any point in time there is basically an infinity of videos to watch, and audience needs to be captured and help.
@@elijahjflowers I totally agree and personally I am completely fine with Ai voice and continue recommending a channel to colleagues. But it's better to have every bit of subscriptions and likes at the current phase of the channel
I don't mind the AI voice. It is actually quite relaxing. Don't feel pressured to use your own voice if you don't want to.
But also if you do want to use your own voice, own it instead of listening to what others say to you. People on the internet are mean and have a lot of time to waste, the angry people are not worth wasting time on.
Agreed. If he speaks English as well as Sofia Vergara, I'd say that's good enough. A bit of an accent can actually be pleasant to the ears. However, in the case that he's really self-conscious about it, the AI voice is actually pretty good. I didn't realize right away that it was a fake voice.
I've been watching videos on UA-cam silently for years. I don't think I've ever commented before. Please don't stop making your videos. They are unbelievably helpful
Thank you, I will :D
The fact that you can make all of these things in Minecraft with just redstone components is insane. I really recommend trying to make adders, ALUs, memory, etc in Minecraft if you really like the game and love low level stuff like this.
my goat speaking facts 🙏‼️
@@Guille-uj4hq What is bro doing here
@DestopLine Sounds like something i would spend alot of time doing. but i have never played minecraft. So how do i get started
@@KelvinChuchu17 In minecraft there is something called red stone (wire) with the help of comparator's and repeater's people make music, calculators even games that can be played on minecraft itself. There are solar light detectors, rail carts powered by redstone, automated farms and goods transportation using water, piston, detectors etc.. It is genuinely fun and to do experiments on it.
@@akshaycp7551 Thank you so much. So as a beginner who would wanna try out how it works, do i have to buy the game and what version of the game is easy to start with?
You literally just summed up my entire semister of the logic design subject 😭😭. Wish i found your video at the beginning of my semester. That was such a beautiful and simple explanation.
The transistors shown in this video are called "bipolar junction transistors" or BJTs. Most modern digital circuits use a different type of transistor called a "metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor" or MOSFET. They are controlled by voltage rather than current, and the circuits tend to be simpler.
The circuits shown in this video wouldn't actually work. You'd need additional components to make them work. But as a simplified illustration, they're fine. Great video!
Yes, I tend to oversimplify things. Thanks for your support :D
Why wouldn't the circuits work as shown?
@@cusemoneyman Additional components are needed to make the transistors work.
@@dfs-comedy I understand, I'm just curious what specifically is needed. Current-limiting resistors? Or something else? Thanks!
@@cusemoneyman Here's why additional components are needed:
1. Biasing Circuits: BJTs need to be properly biased to operate in the active region, where they amplify signals. This typically involves adding biasing circuits to provide the correct base current or voltage to turn the transistor on and control its operation.
2. Protection Diodes: BJTs are susceptible to damage from voltage spikes and reverse currents. Therefore, protection diodes are often added to prevent damage due to sudden voltage changes or reverse currents.
3. Load Resistors: BJTs often need load resistors in their collector circuits to control the voltage and current levels and to ensure proper operation as amplifiers or switches.
4. Coupling and Decoupling Components: These components are used to couple different stages of the circuit and provide stable voltage levels, ensuring proper signal propagation and preventing interference between different parts of the circuit.
5. Feedback and Compensation Circuits: In some cases, feedback and compensation circuits may be necessary to stabilize the operation of the BJTs and ensure that the ALU operates reliably across different conditions and loads.
Dude, universities need teachers such as yourself
I've never seen anyone to cover this topic this good! Amazing explanation, wish you existed at the time I was studying computer architecture 😅
This channel is worth an entire semester studying compsci at the MIT
I have been studying computer science for over 5 years now, about finish my comp sci degree and never before have i heard a more clear explanation of how logic gates abstract transistors and how ALU works, keep up the great job!
They don't generally do a good job of teaching logic in Computer Science courses. It's really within the domain of electronic engineering courses.
Though interestingly, my school level course in Computer Science did teach Karnaugh Maps used in logic simplification and design.
A video about how the CPU interact with the DRAM (CRUD operations)
The upcoming two videos are about this!
Yeah, would be cool to finally be able to fluently read all these timing constraints between RAS CAS WE RE Address and data. RAS only refresh. CAS only fast page mode
The text to speech voice is one of the reasons why i am subscribed, idk its kinda satisfying to listen to.
Some TTS can be quite annoying, but this one is fine, if only a tad monotone.
Probably one of the better TTS I've heard
some people just want to fight when they hear "AI", his use of ai is cool and justified
Really, Me also
I just graduated from computer engineering and i had never known this is how logic gates are derived. I always wondered how gate ICs were configured.
THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR THIS VIDEO! 🧡🧡🧡
btw I think a consistent AI voice is good anyway because then I can speed up a video and still understand it. Ive watched other videos where both the speaker's volume and pace change which make it hard to keep up when speeding up a video, especially more so when I am not familiar with the presenter's accent.
In the future, we will need AI to do the talking for us
You're videos are special. It is nice sweet spot of simplicity and complexity. I always have an "ahaa" moment with your vids. Great work🔥.
wow even after 1 month of studying i couldn't understand how transistor work, but you cleared my doubts in just 15 min. Please keep making these awesome video.
I love your series, even the sound part! I always wanted to deeply understand low-level stuff, and you made it happen!
I've always felt the voice fit the videos well, so I think it was a good call even without considering a language barrier. And you're correct at the very end, I don't want to miss a single upload from your channel, I am fascinated by the topic and your explanations are very easy to understand in every single video.
This is a masterclass on how to explain a complex topic in a easy and elegant way. Im amazed!
The clarity with which you explain things has reconciled me with electronics ! Great video, keep up the awesome work !
This is literally a question thats been on my mind for so long, like i've asked people how code runs, and they say it turns it into machine code, but then i ask HOW does the machine code know what to do. It makes so much more sense now.
I studied these arguments several times throughout my school years. But it's refreshing and very nice to see them addressed comprehensively and in 10 minutes.
There is nothing better than hearing different accents! It has novelty and to be honest a lot of English speakers don’t speak 2 languages so even trying is very admirable
These videos are so good. I watch every single one you put out.
Amazing, always wanted to understand how code to circuitry worked, THANK YOU !!
Best presentation of the topic I've encountered.
What a high quality content! I never felt like I could understand how machine code can be interpreted by the CPU internally until now, thanks!
This is simply the best video I've ever seen!! You answered almost all the questions I had for a very long time, amazing job!
Definitely a subscription
Please do more videos on the topic! This one was phenomenal
Your explanation about logic gates was so simple but so helpful you have no idea! With this video, you did what my Digital Principles teacher with 1 year could not do, deliver the subject properly!
Este es, probablemente, el video que explica el tema de la forma más simple y directa que haya visto. Me hubiese gustado que me explicaran así en la universidad.
Me gustaría ver la serie completa, en donde manejas memoria y almacenamiento.
10/10
Your videos are amazing! The simplicity and ease of how material is presented really makes (and helps) me want to know and understand this.
Please keep up the good work!
This is such a clear video. Very well done
Absolutely amazing video, I was searching for a video that could confirm my understanding of the working of the computer, this video has surpassed expectations, kudos to you 👏👏👏
بعد ٢٠ سنة أخيرا أخذت نظرة واضحة عن ذلك بفضلك
شكرا لك
That was great!
A few minutes in when you got to abstraction my head started to hurt, but you led me safely out the other side.
This video deserved to be teach in all faculties of enginnering!! Excellent!!!!
Excellent explanation, very clear and easy to follow.
Simple and short. You just made me flash back through years of studying. Great Work! Got yourself a subscriber ;)
Great work. This has summarized for me digital electronics I and II which i learned a few years ago.. I love how you delivered the content
Very well explained, these kinds of animations are extremely useful.
Incredibly well articulated and visualized explanation of the matter. Looking forward to future uploads like this one.
Great video, great amount of simple and understandable information in such a brief time.
This is a great explanation that everybody who is writing code should have as background knowledge. Please keep on posting these kind of fundamental explanations. Thank you.
I was looking for a video like for months! Thank you a lot!!!!!
i just found out this channel, and its pure gold. Thanks for your hardwork, explainations are awesome. Loved this video
The quality and the clarity of information is so good... This is great content. Subscribed..
Thank you so much for taking time to explain in detail how logic gates turn into logic units. This was a missing link in my understanding of transistor computation
The best explications about ALU I had ever heard.
You’re videos are amazing. You don’t merely gloss over fundamental concepts and connect all the dots
I had made "half adders", "full adders", "multiplexers","latches", "flip flops", "and "bcd to 7 segment display". The video of "hyperspace pirate" named "8 bit adder built from 152 transistors" was very helpful, and the apps named "k map solver" and "logic circuit simulator" were also very helpful. Now for moving further, this video is very helpful and I will surely make an ALU using transistors and resistors in future.
Abstraction is key.
We don't design more complex logic functions from transistors. We build them from lower level logic functions.
This allows logic designs to be implemented in different technologies, to be reused. Function reuse is an important concept to understand: you don't have to build everything from scratch. It is more efficient to use logic functions already designed and incorporate them in to your design.
@@deang5622 to understand the whole picture, we must also understand how the parts are connected together. It's easier to connect the parts together when we use an abstract block diagram, but it's very difficult when we actually connect the parts together. So, abstraction is useful, however we should also put all the pieces together to better understand the full picture. (I used full picture as an analogy to block diagram and parts of picture to the parts of different components of that block diagram).
@@MathsSciencePhilosophy No.
Design Engineers - and I know because I used to be one - unless working with full custom technology, and even then only partly, work with logic functions.
When a designer writes VHDL code, they are not working with transistors.
They are working with code which is synthesised to logic elements without any knowledge of what the transistor configuration is inside the particular logic function.
That is how it is done.
The reason it is done this way is precisely because time is money, it is a much more efficient and productive design process that delivers the end result in less time.
I loathe these discussions with amateura that think they more than us design engineers that have done it for a living.
@@deang5622 to save time abstraction is important, but you won't understand how it works. It is just like knowing to use a clock vs understanding the workings of a clock. Everyone knows how to use a clock (just watch at hour hand, minute hand and seconds hand). But if you truly try to understand how a clock works, you need to see it's inside (gears, batteries, etc). You can use a clock without understanding how it works. (I am more focused on how people thought about inventing these technologies than to just know how to use it).
@@deang5622 someone using a computer can argue similarly that we can use computer without understanding VHDL code, we can just use readymade code and save time. But to understand how a computer really works, we also need to understand vhdl code.
Similarly, to understand coding, we also need to understand how transistors work and how they are used in logic circuits to create a code.
Excellent! Many questions answered, and stellar presentations. TY!
Very well explained! Thank you!
This video is awesome, super compact. Super clear, looking forward to the next video
Nice video, increased my understanding of how digital systems work and interact.
Another banger, especially when everybody is learning docker K8s, JS, you are the real one
most beautiful explanation on the topic, thankyou
Wow, the explanation and visuals are so easy to understand and follow. Very informative video and enjoyable. Keep up the good work!
Ehi man, great content. I studied electronics for 3 years in high school: never found a professor this concise and easy to follow
One of the best videos I ever saw, without it being 2 hours long
You are doing a great job. You keep up my motivation to learn more about computer science.
omg this is so well explained, I just understood in 15 minutes what I couldnt understand in like 2 months of university. Really nice video keep it up!!
many things to say but no words could explain how thankful I am, just thank you ❤ please keep making these videos ❤
Man, your videos are brutally amazing. Keep working like you ve been doing and this channel will grow. You deserve it!!
thank you so much, its actually explained the whole subject in just 15min :)
I spend this 14 minutes in a valuable manner,thank you😊🎉
Very good video. I like the style of explaining complex things in an easy way. I'm interested in the video about memory!
This is the best channel on UA-cam. For real.
Heyy..
It's great that you're creating such videos which explain things under the hood.. I love it!!
I remembered the time when in initial "digital electronics" days at my bachelor's (have minor in electronics) I suffered to find what's inside the gate or how does gate know what to do ... But after sometime when I discovered this has to do with the transistors and their states (active region and bias region and all) that was the literal enlightenment moment for me (ahh yes ! Was in bachelor's so ofc)
Watching your video about all the digital ckt was kind of refresher so I thought what's the point I know al this but then I quickly realised I know because i had course, not many others and tbh it was interesting than my uni classes back then
And yeah I didn't know about the last part that how Machine language translated into binary and what exact each bit might translate.. that part was pretty interesting
Una explicacion espectacular, simple pero detallando muy bien todo desde el inicio. Ojala algun dia tambien veamos estos videos en español aprovechando que sos latinoamericano 😃
Bro, you should become a university professor or a subject author. You just cleared years and years of confusions I had.
Awesome... And brilliantly explained and animated.
Hope future videos will be released soon..
Amazing channel !, extremely underrated , I wish you had millions of subscriber !
Wow... Great... Superb.. way of teaching and representation.... Thanks you sir 🙏🙏🙏... I eagerly waiting next part!!!!!!!!
I've watched all your videos thus far. Very quality content you are a very skilled pedagogue.
Thanks for the video, today I learn about full adder and op code 👏🏻
Whenever i see you upload I already start thinking of making time in my schedule for it. It's always hectic being a student but it feels nice when most of my doubts are cleared just by watching your videos. Besides I think most people don't struggle with actually putting in work, what they struggle with is to find the reason for all that work. Like how most people tell you to learn stuff because it's relevant today, but in the end you learn best when it's something you like. Your videos help keep these things as something i and other people like learning about. Not for some relevance but cuz they are fun to know about.
Wow. Just wow. This was amazing. Thank you so much. Keep up the wonderful work!
genius way of explaining! keep it up!
Another video discussing CMOS and the usage of different kinds of transistors could be useful for many people. Thank you!
Just found your channel. Literally just the second video i am watchin and i really enjoy it. I just finished a masters degree in IT security and would say that I have a really solid understanding of a lot of computer related topics. but taking time to recap about the stuff you heard years ago and strengthen the foundations feels very good.
About the voice. Totally understand your issue. Myself i usually really run once i hear the ai voices. just because it became practice ppl nowadays publish fully automated videos utilizing llms and tts for everything. I totally listen to a lot of educational youtubers from all over the world that all have their native accent. it is how it is i think ppl in this community now it very well. damn half of my teachers were from india
Excellently explained, I'm out of computer science but easily understood.
Finally, thank you, I had trouble understanding this for about a year or even more but now I finally get it thank you
I cannot believe these videos are free. Amazing content, thank you so much!
Great video, I added each picture with explanation to my Obsidian nodes stash to never forget it.
Btw, the reason for your voice makes sense and the voice fits well.
Related to this, it's interesting how humans are adapted to feel something different when they know it's not the voice of an actual human, like they yearn for that extra bit of connection. But of course all of that is just a simple instinct that can be easily ignored, we are here to learn things.
This is a very good video to understand how things work....keep doing it....bring few more videos on topics releated to electronics ...like this one.
Gran video bro. Claramente explicado de manera rápida y precisa. Ya me he suscrito por más contenido así 💪💪💪💪
Great video! I really liked the visuals and the explanations are particularly clear!
I'd love to hear your individuality through your voice, even if it has a heavy accent (I'm not a native english speaker, I can relate).
My requests have been heard! Thanks, what a great content!
Dude this content is so good, would love to hear the content being narrated in your voice
Instant subscription with bell hitting! You are great! Such an amazing and simple explanation! Can't wait for the next video!
THANK YOU!! This was very informative and I hope to see much like this in the future :)
What a great video, as a CS student I must say I have never seen such a high quality explanation!! Me ha encantado, ojalá todos tengan esta calidad ❤❤❤
Finally, I found a video explaining the interconnection between logic gates and transistors. Keep this up. 🙏🤜🤛💫...
I can't wait for the next one after this. Thank you George
If possible i would love to watch more videos like thses. This is just minutes of densly packed knowledge..