What Happened To Gaul's Ancient Cities?
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2024
- It was the year 58 B.C. when Roman general Gaius Julius Caesar marched his legions into Gaul. He was walking into a world little known him and his people, but that was on the edge of history for millenia: Celtic Europe. These lands weren’t urbanised in the sense of Mediterranean cities of that time but were nonetheless well developed and very well connected through large hillfort that we know by the name Caesar gave to them: oppida. These formed the centres of religion, administration, production and power. But, from 58 B.C. onwards, these urban centres of Gallic society became the theatre of Caesar’s wars. New archaeological research, however, shows that not all oppida were destroyed, lost or abandoned. Some seemed to have been resettled, renewed or even partially rebuilt, while others would be completely re-invented. So what happened to these Gallic oppida, and what can their ruins still tell us today?
Music by Max H. and Alon Peretz. Licensed through artlist.io:
-Discovering The Lost City, Max H.
-Dense, Alon Peretz
-The Destiny, Max H.
-Back Home, Max H.
Special thanks to Google Earth Studio for the creation of footage using their engine.
If you want to learn more and delve deeper into the subject, check out the following articles:
- R. Golosetti, ‘Cult Places at Former Oppida in South-East Gaul: Questions of Memory, Tradition and Identity’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 36:3 (2017), 287-305.
- T. Moore, ‘Beyond Iron-Age ‘Towns’: Examining Oppida as Examples of Low-Density Urbanism’, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 36:2 (2017), 171-195.
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#Documentary #Roman #History #Ancient #Celtic #Oppida
Excellent video, beautiful presentation. Thank you for your good work.
Great video! I thought I found an other big cool yt channel with great content, and i was shocked how small this channel is compared to its top notch content quality! Dont give up please!
A really well-produced and written short documentary!
What?! Gallic history didn't stop after the war? 😁 Very good study of post war Gaul that counters history taught in french schools since the late 1800's where they became Gallo Romans overnight.
Apparently that's what we're indirectly taught in 🇺🇲 . Our teachings just follow the Romans on the front lines and everything they've conquered is just forgotten about until the Germanic invasions 😂🤬 but I get it, a school year is only so long and 4.6 billion years of history is hard to cover.
Very interesting to see these in a European context - similar pattern in Britain - Maiden for example was refounded as Roman Dorchester (Durnovaria) and the abandoned oppidum/hillfort has the exact same type of square shrine at its centre. These rectangular building are starting to show up across southern Britain even where Roman presence was previously dismissed. Also nice to hear Caesar pronounced correctly!
Interesting and informative video, and well presented. Cheers from Denmark.
Really interesting and inspiring video. I have always said that as a Celtic polytheist, I feel closer to our gods when I'm somewhere like a hill fort than I do at the neolithic/bronze age sites neoPagans tend to prefer. Now I feel vindicated!
One wee thing, though: toward the end there is a quick shot of the Coligny calendar which says it's in Latin - but of course it's in Gaulish.
That Caesar, though interesting, was a real jerk.
Great content! Please don`t give up! I look forward to watch more interesting content on this channel!
Great stuff! Can't wait for more of your beautiful videos 😁
It is wonderful to learn about the Gallic side of Gaul instead of the Roman version
do you make the illustrations yourself? they look very good
Possibly the best archaeologically researched oppidum to date would be the one of Manching.
Curiously it also happens to be the easternmost oppidum (to date) to use a wall in the form of the murus gallicus which is mostly found in more western regions. Though the murus gallicus has been later “repaired” as a Pfostenschlitzmauer.
Edits: autocowrecks since autocorrect is too stupid to know Latin…
A little mistake my friend. On the maps with roman roads. You have Atuatuca ( Tongeren) and Bagacum ( Bavay). You put Atuatuca ( Tongeren) on the left of the 2 points and Bagacum (Bavay) on the right of these 2 points. Bagacum ( Bavay) should be the left one, and Atuatuca ( Tongeren) should be the right one. Bavay is on the border of France and Belgium and Tongeren is almost on the border between Belgium and Netherlands. 😉👍 Otherwise great great video! Actually always!!! 👍
I think it's very unfair to use the Roman imperialist concepts of "oppidae" or even "tribes" (although to be fair Romans, at least Caesar, used "nations" rather, as they themselves had just abandoned the tribal stage recently and still kept formally tribal institutions like the Tribal Assembly). Arbitrarily Romans placed themselves on the Greek and thus "civilized" side of things but that was very capricious and the (late, Latenean) Celtic and other (pre-Indoeuropean, Vasconic) Western European fortified settlements must be considered for what they really were: cities very much comparable to most Roman cities or later Medieval ones: centers of trade, manufacture and politics, with rather large populations.
We should abandon the "victors write history" mentality that wants to diminish, in the name of Rome's brutal imperialist grandeur, the achievements of other peoples who just happened to be barely one organizational step behind.
Something like dunon would be better.
You'll make it big man. I know it!
Thanks, Toasters! Really appreciate that
@@alifeinruins Hi A Life In Ruins. You stopped after these three videos? I hope all is well with you. I really liked your presentations, so I will subscribe now and hope to see future content from you. Stay safe.
This one made me tear up ngl. De Bello Gallico read like a horror novel to me, its a very real story of a genocide because an entire cultural network got in the way of one mans ambition and it completely reversed european culture forever. A little oversimplified for sure but yeah.
I can imagine the people coming here just for a sort of breathing space, a space to heal from the suffering and remember what their parents and grandparents went through until it was eventually all forgotten and lost on their latin speaking descendants..
I've always wanted to learn more about them as they're a district in Civ 6, couldn't be built near the city center giving more of the Gauls spread around
Great channel you'll blow up soon.
very well made video
Titelberg :)
Titelski Breg, Titel, Serbia, just one of 100+ mega forts (oppidums) around from bronze age, 1500/1200bc.
The ending was beautiful
the Gaul was part of the Celtic Europe.
Gaul is Celt but in Latin.
Celt (Keltoi) is Gaulish but in greek language
Well what was it they said long before Vae Victis.
You need to read the book UN-ROMAN BRITAIN
The title is "UnRoman Britain", not "Un-Roman" - with "Un-Roman" I didn't find it on Google, that's why I correct it. Sounds interesting at first glance, and not too long/detailled, will surely read it - Thank you!
caesar being pronounced strangely
They moved back to the promised land in brookings oregon. That's what happened. Follow the trail of tears. The oregon trail. Lewis and Clark is really enki jesus and gad. Facts. John Jacob, that's his name too.
Also it must be said, following Venceslas Krutas (once considered the father of Celtology, so to say), that the main destruction of Celtic (Latenean) civilization was not Rome but rather the Germanics. While Rome may have destroyed some cities (oppidae), the Germanics destroyed every single one they laid their hands upon, what radically disrupted Celtic power. In many senses Caesar did not just invade Gaul for his own and Rome's imperialist reasons but also to control Germanic expansion at the expense of the Celts. The "casus belli" of the Helvetian migration clearly illustrates what was going on (Germanics forcing the Celts to migrate... against the Vasconics) and Caesar had to fight at least one Germanic warlord later on and not just Celtic alliances.
Kyzar?
Why call him kai-zar?
Probably because it's closer to the actual classical latin pronunciation
See-zar is is the english pronounciation, in latin its pronounced more like Kae-zar.
History doesn’t starts from the Roman Empire.
It’s like you starting to talk about Apple computers after Steve Jobs.
Mate I have questions:
-Gallia appeared when Ceasar in 58BC woke up?😅😂
-What was before and how ended up to call it Gallia
-Who found first Gallia and when?
Bro callin Ceaser as Kaiser XDDD
It's not as uncommon as you think. A lot of non-English speakers often call him by his Latin name. Us english speakers just butchered it.
Like calling him seasar
@JustinCage56 Neither Germans, nor the video's narrator, nor even the Italians pronounce Caesar any better than the English, though.
Caesar in Latin is pronounced Caesar.
Not Kaiser, not Caezar, not Seezar, not Tchesare, but Caesar (/kaesar/)
As such, you don't have any lesson to give on the behalf of the "non-english speaking" world, since, on your own terms, it is as clueless in terms of pronouncing it "correctly".
Not that it matters in the first place : names are naturally pronounced differently in different languages because of differing phonology.
"Jean" in English is "John", yet you won't see me, a frenchman, lashing at the english for pronouncing the same name differently. For the same reason it is ridiculous to except from the english that they pronounce the name "Caesar" in the same fashion as the romans 2000 years prior. Especially when the language most closely related to latin spoken in Rome today (Italian) also shifted in its pronunciation of the name.
@@remilenoir1271 i do understand to a certain degree but Kaiser is not latin the languge of the romans spelled it Caesar in latin so shouldnt we pronounce it the same no matter what language we speak as were talking about Romans the Roman leaders were called Caesar as thats the way spelt it if i was to refer to Caesars as kings ( King julius ) then that would be wrong because the romans never called there leaders king because thats a English translation of leader
@chrislewis4830 I never said Kaiser was latin.
No, we shouldn't pronounce it the same because at the end of the day, it doesn't matter, and most importantly because it would be impossible. Languages all have unique phonological systems and rarely agree on the prononciation of the same word.
Caesar is such a case. John (Jean, Juan, Hans) another.
And lastly, we are talking phonetics, not semantics. The original meaning of Caesar and its evolution is of little interest here.