Irish DNA: What’s the Genetic (DNA) History of Ireland?
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- Опубліковано 28 вер 2024
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Vikings and the Ulster Plantation: What’s the Genetic (DNA) History of Ireland?
What’s the genetic history of Ireland, and what impact did events such as the Viking invasion and the Ulster plantation have on its genetic makeup? A study called the Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland, looked at these precise questions, using samples from almost 10,000 individuals across Ireland, the British Isles and Europe.
The study notes that the modern Irish genetic landscape was established around 3,500 years ago in the Irish Bronze Age, and they sought to understand how invasions and plantations have changed this. A central finding of this study was that the Irish population can be divided in 10 distinct geographically stratified genetic clusters; seven of ‘Gaelic’ Irish ancestry, and three of shared Irish-British ancestry. Unsurprisingly, there is an extremely low German influence in the Gaelic Irish clusters, with Orkney showing the second-least ‘Germanic’ proportion, and English clusters showing the highest.
Interestingly, the study also found that Ireland had high levels of Norwegian ancestry, a strong signal from the Norse Viking presence in Ireland. In fact, this Irish DNA Atlas study found that Ireland had the second highest Norwegian signal in their analysis, second only to Orkney which had the strongest Norse Viking ancestry. The Norse impact on Ireland extends across the country beyond areas of Norse settlement, such as Limerick or Dublin. They also detected high levels of Norwegian ancestry in Scottish clusters, and relatively low Norwegian ancestry in English and Welsh clusters.
Another finding was that there was a high level of France-like ancestry being driven by a single French cluster with high North-Western French membership. The North-West of France has previously been shown to have genetic links with Celtic populations in Britain. Therefore the large signal we observe within Ireland could reflect Ireland as a ‘sink’ of Celtic ancestry, considering its isolation compared to other British Celtic groups. Considering the links from north-west France to other Celtic populations, we do not interpret this as a ‘Norman’ signal.
Sources:
Gilbert, E., O’Reilly, S., Merrigan, M. et al. The Irish DNA Atlas: Revealing Fine-Scale Population Structure and History within Ireland. Sci Rep 7, 17199 (2017). doi.org/10.103...
#ireland #history #dna
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My Clan were one of the Gallowglass Clans who went to Ireland at the behest of the Irish Kings in order to fight the Norman Invasion. The Gallowglass themselves a mix of Gael and Norse peoples from Scotland.
The Gallowglass stuff is a myth there wasn't enough of them to account for the dna of Northern Ireland and they only arrived in Ireland in the 14th century, people say they're from the glallowglass to avoid the fact that there true ancestry is from the plantations.
Scotland gets it's name from the Irish Scotus tribe
I took my DNA test and it says we're from Ulster Ireland. Our name is ''Mcnulty'' which google says it means ''son of the Ulsterman". It'd be cool if we were apart of that clan. I won't proclaim that but, I think its likely.
There was never a Scotti tribe. Scotti is just the name the Romans used for the Irish(which included all the Gaels who n Scotland).
@@AxionXIII the romans never called the irish scotti, also, it's gallic in scotland ,no the mythical gaelic...
There is a lot of history on two small islands in this world. Thanks for the information. It's always amazing to find out about ones ancestors.
Thanks Mid, well said!
I have no idea where this study is meant to have come from. The last DNA study I was made aware of found remarkably little Norse or Danish DNA in the Irish population compared to what it had expected to find. I had my DNA done and I have one Viking marker out of a thousand, and I have the famous R-M222 genetic marker, which originated in northwest Ireland from which my surname also originates. I am starting to get the feeling that DNA studies is leaving the realm of science and entering the realm of politics, a bit like climate change! 🇮🇪
Some ancient bodies discovered in Ireland were DNA-traced to the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. This (sort of) made sense, as I have occasinally observed people from Ukraine, etc. who look vaguely Irish. The individuals in question had slightly darker skin and black hair. (I am slightly disturbed at the possibility that in 3,000 years' time, archeologists could dig me up and ask: "What's this?")
Celts came to Ireland 4000yrs ago but In greater numbers from 2000bc. . Celts come from a wide range of euro , Iberian and areas like Ukraine and Georgia. Celts were a collection of tribes widespread across these areas. Some had the epithanic fold feature in the eyes, which can still be seen today. My mother's siblings all had it to some degree and also some of my cousin's. The Celts were dark skinned swarthy people. The white gene did not appear until 30000yrs ago firstly in Georgia. Many generations would pass until a lighter skin developed as more reaction to lower levels of ultra violet light were required.
“Ooooh, put it back.” LOL
You're getting mixed up with Ballynahatty who was a European Farmer woman who had black hair and dark eyes and the Rathlin genomes who carried the genes for blue eyes and had lighter hair and had a high Steppe input. All European have input from Steppe populations, European Farmers and Hunter Gatherers just in different proportions and some populations (Southern Europeans) have more recent input from the Eastern Mediterranean and Spanish have Iberomaurusian.
the Kerrs had a castle keep on the border of scotland some many centuries back. Canadian personal study, Mothers & Grandmothers side. We are in Peterborough Ontario Canada & thanks for some real history! :)
Found this very interesting. Though my family has been in England since 1840s, My recent DNA test revealed me to be 50% Irish, 35% Scots. The rest is English, German and Welsh. My Surname is of Gael origin, from a large well-known Clan originating around Loch Lomand and Loch Sloy. A branch went to Ulster. My DNA map was mostly from North Lenister, and North Antrim. Plus Western Isles of Scotland, and of course North East England. The direct ancestor of mine who arrived here from Ireland, has well over a thousand decendents here on Tyneside and all over the world, Canada, USA and Australia.
English and German, they're sort of the same from about the 7th century, right? The Angles and the Saxons, etc were invited over by the native English to protect them from Celt raids, and they never left. At least, that is how I heard it via Bede.
You a MacFarlane?
Every Englishman has an Irish ancestor
@@lanewoods9420 yes
Possibly heugonot REFUGUEES that fled Europe to UK and ireland
We all mixed massively in the industrial revolution with the explosion in urban populations.
Outstanding presentation! 💪🏻
Accent makes it difficult for this American to understand.
I would be interested to hear as much detail as possible about French/Irish dna.
The "French" he talks about I think are mostly Breton from Brittany in what is now Northwest France (I found it odd that he didn't call it this instead of France, which didn't exist at the time the Normans controlled Normandy), which was a Celtic nation with a Celtic language and close trading links to other Celtic regions like Cornwall in England, Gallicia in Northwest Spain, so I don't think this is very surprising. Obviously there was other French influence after Henry VIII and the split with Rome, with both France and Ireland with being Catholic, but I think the DNA origins go further back.
Yes Brittany was its own country back then and people traveled by boat to Ireland,Wales,ect. My moms family were from Brittany.⚜️
It's Breton dna not French as a whole.
we never call it the British Isles in Ireland just an fyi.
Shows hate carry on despite history facts
@@joprocter4573 you would know all about hate.
@@jonsweeney3845 yes victims have received lots of it
The British Isles is geographical not political. Its like saying Britain is not in Europe
I am Spanish and discovered that I have 4% Irish ancestry through my DNA test. The interesting thing is that all my Irish DNA segments are connected to my Basque DNA on the Chromosomes. Could you shed any light on this? thank you
Makes sense to me! Is your blood type Rh negative? The Basques and the British Isles have very high populations of Rh negative blood.
I know very little about my Irish ancestry and I regret it very much that I was too young at the time to question my grand parents more. However, I am proud of it, as both sides of my parents have Irish bloodlines. My fathers side I know little and my mothers side even less. I know my grandfathers side came from county of Cork and traveled to NZ aboard the ship Ashton James. My mothers side I know even less. Just they were very tall, large boned people and had interbred with Rarotongan peoples. So my grandmother on my mothers side was half Irish. She was beautiful, raven black curly hair, white skin and blue eyed. My dads father also was a beautiful tall, big man and married an indigenous NZer. I miss both grandparents dearly. So now I look up you tube about my Irish ancestry because that's the only way I can learn about my Irish lineage 😢. Very proud of it, always have been and always acknowledge it if I'm asked if I'm full blood indigenous NZer. What makes me prouder is the fact that my great grand parents from both sides of my parents chose indigenous dark skinned peoples to marry and have children with,at a time when it surely must have been frowned upon.❤😊. So proud, wish I knew more. ❤
I’m 58 and just did my dna a few yrs ago. Would you consider doing it yourself? A kit cost about 150 bucks at the most and it’s so easy to do. You would learn so much.
The ulster plantations wasn't the only plantation in ireland. I've noticed a lot of English names around former plantation areas in southern Ireland.
The Munster plantation was the first attempt (under Elizabeth 1st I think?). It failed and later would be overtaken by the ulster plantation so yeah
@@FPSIreland2 Ulster held out the longest against British rule (mainly due to geographical reasons and the ability of the region to protect itself) and especially because of the revolt that ended up with the Flight of the Earls after the Battle of Kinsale I think Ulster was planted because it hadn't been fully conquered before and to stop this happening again as it was seen to be a massive threat. There were obviously other plantations in other provinces of Ireland, but I would guess that because the Plantation of Ulster was the most recent and on a much larger scale, as well as more recent history and the fact that 6 counties of Ireland are still within the UK, it is more prominent in the public sphere.
@@FPSIreland2 Also there was private plantations in Ulster in the times of Elizabeth I in counties Antrim and Down, so I'm sure the same thing happened in other parts of Ireland as well in an attempt to make the country more Protestant. I'm still shocked that the 2 main cathedrals in Dublin are Church of Ireland, Protestant.
@@FPSIreland2 Nope wasn't the first attempt the Plantation of king and queens county in 1550. There was a corporate colony in Munster in 1560 as well. These were mostly populated by Catholtic British and later protestant farmers. I think the reason they failed was because there was no constant stream of immigration so they just assimilated.
@@mattpotter8725 Alot of Ireland hadn't been fully conquered hence the expression beyond the pale. King James was just continuing tudor policy in Ireland and with the flight of the earls no one could stop him. Ulster being the most Irish or Gealic and not conquered is false. Connaght was never under partial English control and Ulster wasn't free of English rule The queens O'Neill was subordinate to Elizbeth and Ulster had an established English foot hold since John de Courcy conquest of east Ulster. Ulster was no more Irish or Gealic then say munster or Connaght. There was also plantations in southern Ireland after the ulster plantations.
Laois and Offaly plantation 1550.
Kerrycurrihy corporate plantation 1568.
Munster Plantation 1583
Thomas Wentworth planation's 1630s
County Wexford, Laois and Offaly, Longford, Leitrim, north Tipperary, County Kilkenny, Youghal, Bandon, Kinsale and Cork city etc were all planted in 1610-1640.
Cromwellian land confiscation 1652
Thousands of Dutch, French and British were planted.
Our lot got Olaf in the surname but are pretty Gaelic
Thanks brother I like the video
Recently it's been established that vikings never left Scotland who certainly were inter mix in Ireland..
Near end it was unclear what you mean
Thanks brother!
The Greco-Egyptian scientist Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλη Βρεττανία megale Brettania) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρὰ Βρεττανία mikra Brettania) in his work Almagest (147-148 AD). This was the widely used defination until the irish independence movement which abreviated great britain to britain. But the fact remains this is the defination, if you dont like it dont use it.
You also forgot about the Greek /Turkish DNA which appears from the 8 century BC .
Also a surprising amount of Caucasus DNA in middle Ireland from the mining and silver industry
You can’t have Turkish dna if your Irish
I think your getting mixed up with European Farmer dna which is in all Europeans but there is not Greek/Turkish dna in Isles populations.
@@jackieblue1267 actually I have done alot of DNA testing for a paper.
In Ireland there is large amount of Caucasus DNA and it's fairly recent
Probably miners bought in to mine for silver extra around 12 century onwards..
Certain surnames are not as Irish as you think.
@@martinryan2370 What is Caucasus dna? Caucasus is population from the Caucasus. What fairly recent population would have brought this into Ireland? Unless you are meaning some type of CHG which would be part of the Steppe component.
@@jackieblue1267 Armenia, Georgia,as far south as Chechnya .
A lot of them people were miners or smyths who worked for Genoese
And Italian states ancestors settled in Ireland .
The DNA of north Tipperary contains around 8/10 percent
Caucasus DNA much higher than steppe DNA . which Ida lot earlier.
Yet you are in the middle of Ireland.
Parts of Limerick and Kerry
have similar markers .
Hard to listen to this guy
Don't listen to it then
@@celtichistorydecoded I won’t
@@celtichistorydecodedDon’t pay any heed to the begrudgers. Keep going, you’re videos are very interesting, and informative. All the best, from Ireland.
@@davidpryle3935 Thank you
Dont listen then why would you evan write that 👎🏻
Great video Steven.🏴🏴🇮🇪🏴
My Grandfather on my Mothers Side was a Stout whos Mother was a Campbell. on Gedmatch i always get Orcadian West Scottish and Norway. mytrueancestry says im a Pict haha
We all want our own countries back end of .
Where is that..
1:01 Scandinavian i.e. Norwegian is Germanic
Good point Noel. I meant from ancient Germany essentially.
Celts are Germanic.
There has a lot of confusion as to the meaning of the city of Glasgow . In Scottish/ Irish Gaelic translates as Grey field. The Irish / Scot Gaels are named the Godelic tribes who understand each other whereas the Welsh or Cymru are known as the Brithionic Celts . They can't understand the Irish / Scots Gaelic . The Cymru resided in the central belt of Scotland around Dumbarton rock area. In Welch Glas a chu translates as. Dear green place . The Cymru fled to the area known as Wales when the Romans encroached the borders in order to maintain their culture and traditions. The surname Welch and Wallace plus some others denotes someone of the Cymru tribe.
Welsh aswell and Branagh
My ancestors are all from Anglesey back to the 1700s but my ancestry DNA is mostly Irish and Norway.
The accent….hard to follow
Very interesting video that explains well influences on Irish DNA, in fact I'd love more detail on this Irish DNA Atlas research. One thing I didn't realise, and isn't that obvious, especially to those with just modern knowledge of Ireland and the state of affairs on the island would be to think that because of the proximity to Scotland Ulster would have more Scottish (even though the name Scotland actually comes from an Irish tribe, the Scotia).
Obviously there was the Kingdom of the Dal Riata that existed between the 5th and 9th centuries that contained the North East Antrim coast and the West coast of Scotland, but after the Norman invasion of Ireland with the backing of Henry II, with Strongbow (the military leader not the cider) Ulster was the province that remained the most under the control of the Irish clans and kept their language and customs.
This is why when it was subdued and finally conquered it was planned, first privately in Counties Antrim and Down in the time of Elizabeth I, and then latterly in the other counties of Ulster in the reign of James I was a way to reward his Scottish supporters with new lands and as a way to remove some troublesome sheep raider families from the border regions of England and Scotland, but before this time it was the most Gaelic of all the Irish provinces, which is ironic because today it is still part of the UK (6 counties out of the 9, Cavan, Monaghan, and Donegal being the only 3 in the Republic), and something that surprised me massively when doing some genealogical research into a not very distant relative in my family tree. I had always thought that this wouldn't have been the case.
Irish DNA Atlas is still ongoing but you need to have all 8 great grandparents born within 50km of each other in Ireland so it has very strict criteria.
@@jackieblue1267 Interesting to know so thanks for this. Are these claims checked or is it all self assessed? I only ask because I've recently been doing regent genealogy into my Irish ancestors and some trees are better than others.
@@mattpotter8725 They would have to be verified but Irish DNA Atlas is still ongoing. They have been involved in looking at where Irish that went to Iceland came from and also where the Irish that went to Newfoundland came from. They are also looking at Irish connections in Brittany and also Norway. There are some youtube videos that people can look at about this. They are still collecting some Irish samples but you would have to contact them to see what areas they still want.
Ireland is undergoing another plantation as we spake my Celtic cousin.
Let them enjoy the last true REFUGUEES still called planters to their face
Wasn't Dublin controlled by the Anglo-Normans/English control for hundreds of years. There had to be a lot of intermixing before the Tudors.
Also, surprised how many blue dots showed up around Limerick. I think the map in the video showed blue dots also in England. My heritage is from Limerick, specifically in the Shannon. The family name, though, is an Anglicised name from an original Irish name. One thing is for sure, is that Old World countries are definitely not as homogenous, genetically, as people want to believe. Culture and mannerisms definitely have a greater impact than genes or language in connecting people. I grew up in an area with a lot of Poles, Irish, and Italians, and even though we all speak English, the divisions are still there, albeit slightly, 100 years later after our great-grandparents came to America. I found the small divisions are from different ethnic mannerisms, mainly (saw it with the old ladies at church: i.e. Irish old ladies complained the Italians ones were so loud in the Supermarket, Italian old ladies complained the Irish ladies were too loud before mass started)
/end early morning ramble
So no Spanish influence?
The initial settlers after the last Ice Age probably came in part from the Bay of Biscay region
In reference to The Spanish Armada 1588.
I always assumed the dark Irish features of some were from Iberia.
@@LeeTheKnight The Spanish armada influence is a myth
THE DARK IRISH FEATURES MUST HAVE ORIGINATED FROM IBERIA.
A WELL AS THE DARK BROWN EYES, THICK EYEBROWS AND BLACK HAIR, MANY PEOPLE FROM THE BRITISH ISLES, INCLUDING THE IRISH, HAVE VERY CURLY TO FRIZZY AFRICAN TYPE HAIR. THOSE TYPE OF LOOKING PEOPLE, DON'T LOOK ANYTHING LIKE ANY NORTHERN OR CENTRAL EUROPEAN RACE. SO, IF THEY DIDN'T ORIGINATED FROM IBERIA, THEN HOW DID THOSE TYPES OF DARK LOOKING CELTS ENDED UP LOOKING THE WAY THEY DO ? THE PEOPLE FROM NORTHERN SPAIN HAVE THE EXACT SAME FACIAL FEATURES, AS THE PEOPLE FROM THE BRITISH ISLES AND MANY OF THEM ALSO HAVE CURLY TO FRIZZY BLACK AFRICAN TYPE HAIR. SO WHY IS THAT, IF THEY ARE NOT BOTH RELATED TO EACH OTHER ? YES. THEY MIGHT BE A MIXTURE OF VARIOUS NORTHERN EUROPEAN RACES BUT YOU CAN'T REALLY DENY THAT THEY ARE NOT RELATED TO THE PEOPLE OF NORTHERN SPAIN (CELTIBERIANS) AS WELL. NOBODY REALLY KNOWS WHERE THE CELTS ORIGINATED FROM WHICH IS WHY SO MANY PEOPLE KEEP HAVING DIFFERENT THEORIES ABOUT IT.
And Britain invaded by all sorts of countries so mixer of the British in Ireland of course have different dna as they also settled in republic of Ireland bones were found going way back before reported in northern Ireland if Arab family bones been found
This solves the mystery about White people they are are Canaanites j1 which means that they didn't come from the middle east there's a big difference between j1 and abo and j2 j1 and j2 are the same exact people they just changed them because they spit up they are the sons of Ham j1 Canaanites look it up on Google and UA-cam the j1 and j2 where they come from I tried to tell them white Jews y'all are the same people y'all are sons of Ham not Shem
Scandinavians came to Ireland in the 6th century before anyone was called vikings
Evidence please. Bland statements like this on UA-cam are not worth wiping one's arse with. Have you been to school at all? 😂😂
Wow, the Celts in Bretagne are related to the Celts of Eire? Who would have thought so?
Did you find any connection to Alsace?
Ireland 1,500 - present day:We know that we are son of Iberia...
The DNA of 2000: Always told the truth...
English: It is not true, Ireland does not have any Iberian DNA... xD
I'm curious with all these genetic studies if there's a Flemish imprint anywhere , given how much you hear about medieval Flemish migrants in all corners of the British Isles?
Ancestry is just where people choose to draw lines in time.
If we all descended from Africa, our ancestry is all the same.
Ireland today has 20% of its population born oversees or 2nd generation.
I don't understand they don't seem to understand that they didn't come from the middle east All the Arabs came from white Europe people they think your lying lol but I told them that they are vikings
This video is inspiring Jesus Christ DNA blood type is abo not J1 or j1
Question: Does recent DNA show up better than older DNA?
The Bretons (French Celts) were originally refugees from Cornwell and Devon in England. There is evidence that they intermixed with Gauls in France when they arrived in Brittany. Centuries later some of these people travelled back to England as members of William of Normandy's army, thus the Norman invasion added some Celtic DNA to England's population.
The Gauls were Celts as well.
Absolute nonsense. For a start, the Normans had very little impact on English DNA. Secondly, England _already_ had a significant 'Celtic' admixture prior to 1066. Germanic DNA in England only dominates in the east - England has never been a purely Germanic country. You'd be hard pressed to find any European country outside of Scandinavia with little or no pre-Germanic DNA.
Interesting content but odd delivery and intonation
Aren't Norwegian ,Germanic???
Excellent presentation
Thank you
There has never been a period during the last 10,000 years when the people's of the British Isles have not been mixing together. Today there is more intermarriage & movement between all the islands than ever. Politics & Religion are in truth just passing fads.
My great great great great great great great great great great great great great great grandfather Lord Blumpkin of Orkney was one of the most famous warriors from the island at that time.
Togha fir.
Fact check Norman are Vikings and the Norman's invaded Ireland. Not to mention the Vikings that invaded Ireland.
Viking is still in Scots dna
And many people forget that Scotland was named after the Irish tribe called the Scotti 🇮🇪🏴💯✌️
ian blake....scotland most likely got it's name from greece.skota means dark in greek hence scotland ..land of darkness. also may come from the scandinavian word skat. there was no such tribe as the scotti. that's a mythical tale written and adapted by irish medieval monks.
@@brucecollins641 …. It’s fairly conclusive that the Scotti came from Ireland
@@raffles7556 it's fairly conclusive it's a piece o nonsense. do you want to research it yourself or will a post you links
@@brucecollins641 ….post away please
@@brucecollins641 …. I’m aware of all you posted. It’s just you’ve interpreted it’s meaning incorrectly and you’ve conflated two separate issues as one.
First of all, why have a Scot talking about Ireland? He is bound to shade things toward the British. There was only ONE Plantation and that was Cromwell's. Everyone else who invaded became Irish. As an Ui Gradaigh, I know our genetics trace back to Turkey. What else have you got to say?
Where the fuck do you think some Scottish clans from from you ignorant dingleberry?
Lots of Scottish have Irish decent
What a bullshitter.
There was many plantations in Ireland, and the main one wasn't under Cromwell
@@punkrocker6431 You are just incorrect.