Viruses (Updated)
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- Опубліковано 3 чер 2024
- Explore the lytic and lysogenic viral replication cycles with the Amoeba Sisters! This video also discusses virus structures and why a host is critical for viral reproduction. Expand details for table of contents and further reading suggestions! This updated video replaces our older virus video from 2013.
Table of Contents:
00:00 Video Intro
0:29 Intro to a Virus
1:10 Virus Structure
2:30 Lytic Cycle
3:41 Lysogenic Cycle
4:48 HIV
5:52 Viruses in Gene Therapy, Pesticide
We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: openstax.org/details/books/bi...
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Further Reading Suggestions:
Learn more about the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)- a virus that can target pest insects. www.researchgate.net/publicat...
How does Gene Therapy Work? (from NIH)
ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/therap...
We received a great comment asking about how viral DNA may go undetected. Check out this great journal article:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
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The Amoeba Sisters videos demystify science with humor and relevance. The videos center on Pinky's certification and experience in teaching biology at the high school level. For more information about The Amoeba Sisters, visit:
www.amoebasisters.com/about-us...
We cover the basics in biology concepts at the secondary level. If you are looking to discover more about biology and go into depth beyond these basics, our recommended reference is the FREE, peer reviewed, open source OpenStax biology textbook: openstax.org/details/books/bi...
⭐We have a menu of our resources that complement our videos! Visit docs.google.com/spreadsheets/...
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MUSIC:
Music in this video is listed free to use/no attribution required from the UA-cam audio library ua-cam.com/users/audiolibrary...
COMMUNITY:
We take pride in our AWESOME community, and we welcome feedback and discussion. However, please remember that this is an education channel. See UA-cam's community guidelines and how UA-cam handles comments that are reported by the community. We also reserve the right to remove comments.
TRANSLATIONS:
Hindi Subtitling Credit: Alisha Aggarwal
Some translated subtitles on our videos were translated by the community using UA-cam's community-contributed subtitle feature. After the feature was discontinued by UA-cam, we have another option for submitting translated subtitles here: www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-... We want to thank our amazing community for the generosity of their time in continuing to create translated subtitles. If you have a concern about community contributed contributions, please contact us.
UPDATE: We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel / @amoebasistersespanol and Amoeba Sisters em Português / @amoebasistersportuguese Want to help translate our subtitles in any language? Learn more here www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-...
![[柴犬ASMR]曼玉Manyu&小白Bai 毛发护理Spa asmr](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/0TsXQ7z2Dh4/mqdefault.jpg)
Important Video Notes: At 3:23 - it makes a difference whether those viruses in that illustration are enveloped or not. *If* the viruses *lack* envelopes, the viruses usually do lyse this cell membrane. *If* they *are* enveloped, the viruses usually (some exceptions) would exit this eukaryotic cell without lysing.
Two things to mention! 1. UPDATE: We have videos dubbed in Spanish and Portuguese using an artificial voice via aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility. See our Amoeba Sisters en Español channel ua-cam.com/channels/1Njo3LBy53cOPngz6ArV8Q.html and Amoeba Sisters em Português ua-cam.com/channels/YTQPX2X_mXe0ZMPi0fXxbg.html Want to help translate our subtitles in any language? Learn more here www.amoebasisters.com/pinkys-ed-tech-favorites/community-contributed-subtitles
2. This topic is now an Unlectured Series topic! www.amoebasisters.com/unlectured One of the question starters in the Unlectured topic mentions two therapies still being explored that can use viruses: *phage therapy* and *gene therapy.* Something fascinating to research if you have an interest in learning more about viruses.
Also, there are some intriguing viruses that are exceptions. For example, while viruses are smaller than their host cells, there are some types of viruses that are very large and potentially larger than some of the smaller bacterial cells!
you need to be monetized
Can you do a video about Rhinoviruses?
Amoeba Sisters, I have been a sufferer of what people call "cystic acne" since I was around the age of 15 and I have tried a lot of things to cure or at least put it in a state of idle and I have found nothing that works so far. I'm curious if instead of this "cystic acne" issue myself and others have is not a bacterial problem but a viral problem and that is the reason that antibiotics do not work for us. Any thoughts or questions or anything you may have to help will be greatly appreciated.
your the best teacher on youtube i mean that i hope you ser my message you've helped me so much
5:12
Amoeba Sisters: *exist*
Science Teachers: _it's free real estate_
am science teacher, can relate
*_yes._*
More like students... My science teacher doesn't show any of these videos 🙄
Yeah lol
Am pharm teachers
So how do these things get into my computer
OMG XD I dunno if your serious or not
They infect the computer cells obv
I always wipe my computer screen from bacteria so my computer don't get infected
its something mean peeps send to u that eats away at your files and shuts down your computer
Lol.
who’s here cuz their teacher assigned a coronavirus assignment on gc
Our physics teacher made us do biology review. OOF
me from my biology teacher, but im pretty sure u dont go 2 my school because she gave me the hw 2 hours ago in gc
when u done reply with the link
Yessir
Me
you probably don’t realise how much you’re helping sad a level students like me doing last minute revision for our biology exam tomorrow
that aint the case anymore
yeah uh now we are here because of bio teachers
Aahhhhaaaa us bruh us
we the same
real 😭
well, i think we know why were here for 2 reasons.
1. COVID-19
2. Teacher is making us do this.
SkateF HAH. both 😔
Idk why, but my READING/ENGLISH teacher is.
actually neither no joke
Yep
yess
this channel actually does the work my teacher should , so thanks . Really thanks
your welcome! we're always trying to do our best to help our fans learn the easiest way POSSIBLE!!! :)
fantage you're*
bloody oath
Who is ARMY4LIFE ? Is that one of the Amoeba sis's?
Alix Hudspeth They have very little subscribers so I’m going to assume they aren’t.
Let me guess you’re here bc your teacher assigned you to.
Fishy ._. 😭😭😭😭
Yep🥱🥱
it just so happens that the unit on Viruses was this week...
Some of us are millennials fool
No
My teacher: **Forgot to plan a lesson**
Amoeba Sisters: **Exist**
Teacher: 👁️👄👁️ y e s
you guys literally taught more in 40 seconds than what i learned from an hour of my teacher maybe ill pass this class yet
ong i am
My biology teacher shows your videos in class! Now i watch them for fun...
Love your videos!!
Same
Me too
Meee too
Same, my 7th and 8th grade science teacher and my 9th grade Biology teacher have always showed these videos
You are weird
You guys are literally the reason that I’m passing Bio😭💕
right
same
I cant understand the notes, these videos help a ton
For real, same here🤲😩
pov: your down here looking for answers to your assignment your teacher gave you lolll
Once again, the Amoeba Sisters prove themselves to be the best source of microbiological education on the internet! Thanks, guys.
What makes it intrinsically motivating to watch your videos is not only the intellect you display but the tone of voice you produce. It's an attention grabber and should be a lesson to all teachers who are very monotone which can come off boring. Thank you for being intellectually uplifting!
*UA-cam recommended has... um... interesting timing with this video.*
Coronavuris has joined the party
DJ Jerry509 not funny
no, cornavius, not coronavirus
conavus
can’t y’all take a joke
Sofia Ezzat We can take a joke but not a bad one
not funny didnt laugh
Nobody:
This video: *exists*
Our instructors: *Assigns this video to watch*
l o l
"Viruses can infect any living thing"
Amoeba Sisters -2018
really wish that guy who ate the bat knew that
This video is so good! You guys managed to hit all the important points without making this video too long or tedious. Great work - thank you!
4:35, so you're telling me if I eat all the time i wont get covid 19? right on
Big Brain
face palm
3:38 Mr Other Cell I don't feel so good
Who is here after starting coughing and their city is on lockdown......?
Me
A.k.a covid 19
I'm in isolation for a couple of weeks. I'm young but this has moments where it feels challenging. I'm looking forward to being healthy again and I'm surprised I got sick in the first place because for me that's rare. Try get info from trusted sources,not the media.. Good luck everyone
me
I think my best friend contracted the disease and I’m starting to feel off
Dang these vids are so much more fun to watch than sit through my biology teachers slide shows. And it even covers the same stuff! Thx!
Who is here because their science teacher assigned them this video.
pretty much all of us
☝️
Who else is here because their teacher assigned it for online school?
me
Me
Yesss lol
not me
Me
You guys are life savers thank you so much. Your interpretation makes it so easy to understand!
It helps me so much with passing my Biology course. And it makes me enjoy learning them. I can't thank you enough!
we really APPRECIATE the effort you put in each video.... THANK you 🌸
Imagine going subatomic like ant man and getting trapped in virus realm
I LOVE waking up, getting on my computer, and watching the Amoeba Sisters! This was an amazing video!
I am a medical student and your videos are so helpful. Thank you so much!
My favorite biology channel to watch , thank you for your existence.
For something that probably isn’t alive, viruses are geniuses.
CaptainCyberNinja lol
Exactly if it isn't alive how can you infect others around you. All this fear in media is very suscpicious. Like HiV it is transmited via bloodstream that makes more sense
And for something that is alive, cells are stupid not to notice the virus.
@@antigoneanddimitrakatsaras9420 White cells do detect the virus
@@PoppiesOfBlood The SARS-coV-2 can travel through aerosolized droplets. Also it has some time of lifespan on surfaces. That's how people get infected.
watching from the time of the pandemic, lol... 2020, you crazy.
You haven’t seen nothing yet, makes me miss how it was 4 months ago
my teacher has us do long notes and i dont really understand them, but after i do them my teacher has a link in the slides and i always watch them. these videos are sooo fun and creative and help me finally understand! thank you so much❤
These ladies always present education in an awesome manner. Keep it up ladies as I am sharing your presentation to the ignorant.
really. I read about virus in my science book. But you make me understand the fact more clearly than done by our teacher in 1 hour!!!!!!
Just remember, it's always easier to learn something the second time around. You're already familiar with the terminology and can follow the discussion more clearly. The Amoeba Sisters create awesome content, but I'm sure your teacher played a vital role in you learning this as well :) It's also much easier to teach to a mic than a classroom full of students. I understand your point, and maybe your teacher didn't explain it too well, but I think you should still giver him/her some credit :P
internet population : i will make something viral
corona virus : let me teach you what viral really is
Awesome as usual. Waiting for your videos and watching them is really fun
These newer videos look incredible! Keep it up you guys. You are doing a great thing.
Between the Beans you are a vegetal.
This is virally funny and educative at the same time......can't believe I have so much information from cartoons
I really recommend you to watch Cells at Work!, which is also very fun and educative.
lol I haven't stopped watching these videos even after I graduated..
Ameoba sisters videos are simply attractive and entertaining in a very cute way
whoever did the pics has a great sense of humour. love the video. edutainment at its best.
It was really helpful! Thank you Amoeba Sisters!!
Anyone else watching this while Coronavirus is going on
no.
For those who wonder, "what are the steps the bacteriophage goes through to replicate?"
Well, in the first step, it uses a (sort of) syringe to puncture a small hole in the bacteria's cell wall. In the second step, it does a weird movement to inject it's genetic stuff into the bacteria, hijacking and forcing the bacteria to manufacture all of the parts to make new bacteriophages. In the last step, they produce an enzyme called *endolysin* (not sure if I spelled that right) that punches a hole in the bacteria. Since the pressure is so high, it makes it look like the bacteria vomits out its own insides and it dies. Now, new bacteriophages are released and now begin the cycle again, and again, and again.
What a fantastic video. A very well structured lesson. Thank you.
yall are my favorite youtubers ever!!!
I love you guys! You make learning biology so much fun❤️ and the drawings help so much too.
Can you follow up with how this relates to coronavirus, specifically covid 19 , please?
Covid19 is similar to flu. Same mechanism.
@@Novak2611 But can Covid 19 reach the lysogenic phase?
I am here studying for exams, I love this channel, it always helps me!
This channel is where the learning happens 🙌♥️ thanks!
I like the drawing a lot. It's awesome and pretty cute!
EpicDJgamerboy that’s an animation
Ah always making learning fun.
Keep up the good work :)
this is THE BEST BIOLOGY CHANEL I HAVE FOUND!
Wow amazing! Love the way you’ve explained everything!!! Amazing. I’ve subbed
WOW! I finally understand more how viruses operate and how they make us sick. Thank you for making these funny and easy to understand educational videos!
this is an incredibly comprehensive and fun video! thank you!
Thanks for a great and very clear video! I will definitely watch some (or more likely: all) of the other videos you made!
a bad bactiria comes into your body:MWAHAHAHAHA
bactiriophage:hello can i make copys of myself in you :3
bad bactiria:NO NO NO NO NO!!!!
BACTIRIOPHAGE:thanks!
bad bactiria:*dead
This video is awesome. I hope it goes *viral.*
Yes true
It really did
Vídeo muito interativo e educativo!!! Lindíssimo jj
Thank you very much for making me understand the topic in a very fun way and a short video .
Thank you !!!
Coronavirus brought me here!
hahahaha same
I am entering the sea of comments, and this particular comment Will most likely go forever unseen.
I highly doubt that
@@autumncody653 IKR
Then play games seems like the more interesting the more viewers
nope. at least nineteen people has seen your comment :) yw, i liked lol
I love your videos and all the amination. Really helped me to understand the complex material in my microbiology class. Thank you!
Que vídeo legal. Muito bem produzido! Parabéns aos idealizadores!
Why is it that whenever I open my bio book, you guys upload a bio video?
magic
Love from India.. Thanks
You've got a new subscriber here! I have exams next week and this was a great revision video. Thank you!
To be honest you make learning much much MUCH MORE FUN
E-Learning week! Gooooo bingeing of the amoeba sisters for biology class!
Some viruses (like your favorite the bacteriophage) can also be used to fight antibiotic resistant super bacteria and save people's lives
Queria achar um canal assim aqui no Brasil, mas não achei, agora to aprendendo um pouco inglês também, parabéns!
Your explanation is to the point and vey clear to understand
Wow always veryyyyyyyy fun tooo learnnnn👍👍👍👍👍👍👆
Great Information for the Coronavirus pandemic 🤔
you guys are literal life savers. I subscribed from all my accounts
Great video, very easy to understand. Will show in my class, thanks!
1:24 the epic "It sounds very fancy"
Shout out to all my fellow watchers in quarantine, here bc of our teachers
worddd!
Thank you so much . I did really enjoy it 💕
my teacher uses your material when explaining the work for us. she enjoys your content and the entire class as well
Could you do one on the coronavirus
Can someone tell me the answers to the worksheet
no
Wow! this video is so good and easy to understand... I like the way they present it...
tnx mam !
this kind of animated video is very helpful .I really understand your lecture ..
We watch your videos all the time in my science class…and we love then!
I...love...this... Helped me with homework
Woww u re very good in teaching
I doesn't see other best teaching channel like this🥰 keep going 🔥🔥🔥 very very worth channel
I want teacher like this 😭😭😭😭
this is very helpful thank you so much !!!!
3:04
We all start thinking the same thing
how come I can't feel happy anymore
Now that's epic
me to
You read my thoughts exactly
Thank you for captions. 🙏
This video helped me to understand. Thank you so much
Why is the cell unable to recognize foreign DNA?
Prachurjya Kakoti usually the foreign dna is injected by the virus into the human chromosomes/genetic makeup/dna, in one of the human's own body cells, so the cells of the immune system won't be able to recognize the dna inside the nucleus of it's own cells, that's why whole viruses can "hide" themselves in human host cells!
Great question! Some viruses package proteins with them that may negatively affect the immune system response or even use proteins to "camouflage" their viral DNA! We just went searching to see if there is a good further reading for this---this article mentions some fascinating mechanisms with a specific type of virus in the "closing remarks": www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4348004/
Amoeba Sisters Thanks!
Cherry Peaches thanks!
The 2 main immune cells that deal with viruses are NK cells and cytotoxic T cells, which destroy infected cells.
Those drawings are seriously cute! 😍
Because of her voice, the video becomes interesting. Good job!
amazing as always ! Thank you