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The IHS Trigeminal Neuralgia Awareness Campaign focuses on educating Healthcare Professionals worldwide, offering the essential information to assist them in managing patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
WHAT IS TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
Trigeminal Neuralgia is a rare facial pain disorder affecting about 5 per 100,000 people per year. Its prevalence is nearly double in women than men and usually occurs in people over 40 years of age. It is characterized by recurrent unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and triggered by innocuous stimuli.
It may develop without apparent cause or be a result of another diagnosed disorder. Additionally, there may be concomitant continuous pain of moderate intensity within the distribution(s) of the affected nerve division(s). In a few patients, pain may radiate to another division, but it remains within the trigeminal dermatomes. Most commonly it affects the second division of the trigeminal nerve.
Duration can change over time, with paroxysms becoming more prolonged. A minority of patients will report attacks predominantly lasting for less than 2 minutes. When very severe, the pain often evokes contraction of the muscles of the face on the affected side.
Following a painful paroxysm there is usually a refractory period during which pain cannot be triggered. Between paroxysms most patients are asymptomatic. Mild autonomic symptoms such as lacrimation and/or redness of the ipsilateral eye may be present in a minority of patients.
The international Classification of Headache Disorders identifies three main types of trigeminal neuralgia:
Classical Trigeminal neuralgia develops without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression of the trigeminal nerve with evidence of morphological changes.
Secondary Trigeminal neuralgia is caused by an underlying disease, with common causes being tumors and multiple sclerosis. Clinical examination shows sensory changes in a significant proportion of these patients and MRI is best equipped to detect an underlying cause.
Idiopathic Trigeminal neuralgia with neither neurovascular compression, electrophysiological tests nor MRI showing significant abnormalities. Trigeminal neuralgia is exceptionally severe and pain presents a substantial patient burden expressed as interference with daily functioning and reduced health status associated with pain severity.
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The content behind these videos was developed to raise awareness and promote education amongst clinicians and healthcare professionals worldwide on Trigeminal Neuralgia and its treatment. In this campaign IHS members present short videos in their own languages on ‘What is Trigeminal Neuralgia’, ‘How to diagnose Trigeminal Neuralgia’ and ‘How to treat Trigeminal Neuralgia’.
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