0:20: 💪 Importance of lengthened partials in hypertrophy training and the minimalistic approach to their implementation. 4:46: 💪 Debunking the theory of muscle lengthening through sarcomerogenesis and highlighting the importance of muscle thickness in hypertrophy. 8:33: ⏳ Uncertainty surrounds the time-tension integral in maximizing hypertrophy and understanding other mechanisms. 13:50: 💪 Essential factors for muscle growth: consistency in training, proximity to failure, and training intensity. 17:38: 💪 Optimal muscle growth achieved with moderate weekly sets across major muscle groups. 22:11: ⚙ Optimizing muscle growth through high frequency and volume distribution for better stimulus and fatigue management. 26:40: 💪 Optimal protein intake spacing for muscle hypertrophy discussed in a study by Jorn and Alan Aragon. 31:09: 💪 Factors impacting muscle growth include meal frequency, study design, and real-world application. 35:55: 💪 Effect of different deload strategies on muscle re-sensitization and strength gains. Recap by Tammy AI
Always amazing to see how experts talking about a topic they’re specialized in, are actually very nuanced and humble compared to « instagram experts. » thank you for this 🙏🏻
Yeah, there's almost no definitive answers given here, which is how it should be. Exercise science is in its infancy when compared to other sciences. We really don't know as much as many people like to pretend.
Most people involved in research caveat evidence with the balance of bias and limitations. With the best will intention, nothing is conclusive, always needs higher standard and more homogeneous rtc's. Basically we don't know for sure but it 'may' be the case that...
"The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, and wiser people so full of doubts." - Bertrand Russell Excellent interview/discussion!!
What’s being described is mechanistic duplicity Which is what is required to achieve advancing levels of I Muscle memory There multiple fields of science taking place simultaneously Which is why the uncertainty and in conclusivity across the board Biomechanical Is unlike Bio chemical Is unlike Nutrient delivery Is unlike The five categories of strength and force generation It’s the wrong question for the answer that is muscle functionality as it relates to workload willpower and FatLoss
I'm nerding out!! This is sooo much more useful than just saying "You should do this because a couple of studies tell you to." More Dr. Schoenfeld please!!
what i do, Full Range of motion until i cant properly full ROM, followed by lenghtened partials until cant properly lengthen partial and if its my last set, add a drop set full rom.
i do the same but only on the last 1 to 2 sets of "x" exercise (depending on the muscle group isolation i guess 2 sets perfomed this way, compound 1 set), it gives you a big pump also.
Exactly! I do that with Full ROM Shoulder Side Lateral Raises (Or "Lu Raises") until I can't do another full rep, then immediately do a matching set of traditional side lateral raises with the same weight. So 10 reps Full Rom Lateral Raises then 10 reps of regular side lateral raises. That one isn't exactly dropping from Full Rom to lengthened, but I do full ROM DB shoulder presses for 6 to 8 reps until I can't do anymore and then just do partial raises from a very deep stretch at the bottom of the movement and move it up to where my elbow forms a 90 degree angle and then back down for like 5-6 more reps.
@@NickolaiFury glad to know I’m not the only one. I try to muscle mind failure. I’m seeing results. Small but as a natty it’s about time and consistency
Absolutely loved the video! It’s an honor to be able to listen to this amazing podcast. I really appreciate Dr. Brad Schoenfeld for sharing his valuable wisdom and insights with us! He’s truly an icon! His influence on the entire fitness community is incredible. Thank you so much for all the phenomenal work! 🙌
Brad isn’t just modest, he is correct. So much of science based exercise is speculation and very often what we think is very promising does not work out a few years later. Don’t change everything based on one study and always ask questions.
The complexity of how our body works is incredible. I'm kind of sorry I gave up on science. One of the reasons was seeing how bunch of research in molecular biology focuses on just a couple of markers and suspect proteins for things that are controlled and intertwined with dozens of pathways, receptors, etc. It just seemed an impossible task to understand complexities without creating some AI supercomputer model where you can feed all research data from the filed and ask it what would happen if you change some parameters check it and repeat. I think that is the future. But it sure seems we are getting lost in all the expanding knowledge we have. Maybe it's just me.
Going to dig through this channel more. Wow. Because I’ve been kind of doing this myself and I’ve noticed some of these things on my own and hear you guys talking about them. What I’m looking into now is what I’m calling the “black hole” effect of prolonged heavy bulking on peds where weight keeps stalling after being steady for the first 8-10 weeks. Then requires insane levels of calories to continue gaining weight, which keeps stalling quicker and quicker after each increment higher. Currently stalled on 6700 calorie high days with a weekly average of 6300. I was gaining 2lb per week the first 8 on 4900.
Thank you Brad and Menno for this super informative interview! Brad's scientific honesty, integrity, and skepticism are refreshing and even more valuable in a world dominated by sensational headlines, and popular, yet unevidenced, claims. More like this please Menno!
Something I would love to understand clearly from a scientific perspective is how do they divide the "muscle groups" exactly. Is it Push, pull and legs? Upper and lower body? Upper lower and abs? Would love to know for sure.
Soreness ie DOMS is definitely the result of lymphatic vessels being stretched with, well lymphatic fluid after the immune system has come in to initiate repair and remodeling. There might also be sensations of microtrauma, but DOMS is greater in muscles that have more lymphatic vessels, and on the time scale of lymphatic drainage and reduced by improved lymphatic drainage. So soreness shows that a muscle has been exposed to an immunological response, but form one muscle group to another it's indications are relative. Soreness gets less with training experience because the pain receptors around lymphatic vessels are desensitized.
I’ve been trying different versions over the last two years. Once I figured out exhausting my elastic limits in that muscle group only then did I start seeing the difference in strength and size.
Thank you fellas for affirming that all we really know (from the science) is that more weight and more reps each session creates more muscle and more strength.
Around the 19 minute mark, he says 105 total sets per week is “modest“. Sometimes I manage to go to the gym six times a week. I always do at least six different exercises for three sets each. So that’s 108 sets per week. I do more than six exercises some days so I’m sure I’m getting more than 108 sets per week. But damn I feel like I’m getting called out. And I’m already spending like an hour in the weight room most of those days.
I started with a 3 man team,as the smallest in the gym, we started at the smallest weight going up in weight with each set working till failure, after 6 months no one wants to greet us in the Gym because we are growing too fast compared to people gyming for years.I must note there is nights i couldnot sleap because of mussel pain.
Man .. The way Menno sits in a chair is the definition of BDE. First noticed this in one of the Dr. Mike & Menno collab videos. Needs to be in a super hero movie.
I appologise in advance for my lack of intellectual language to communicate what im saying. Hey Menno, im not sure if you will see this comment but i was curious if there has ever been research done about training in isolation in one area at a time (upper body, lower body, arms, legs,) in comparison to training a 2 areas in the same session that are farther apart. What im curious about is the pump and wether or not its more beneficial to focus on one target area in a session; like say if you do upper body and lower body in the same session you would not have maximum pump to one area as the body needs to provide blood flow everywhere thats being worked. I guess this could also be looked at with the training front upper body and back upper body in one session opposed to training those in seperate sessions; this is more localized so i would expect this not to be a huge difference compared to upper body and legs in the same session. Again the question is strictly focused on the pump and wether or not this is more beneficial for hypertrophy stimulus.
My crystal ball says: The shortened portion of a muscle contraction has most value at honing the mind-muscle connection which is where most of the benefits of shortened contractions come from. Take that into account when picking subjects for studying it. The person without much mind-muscle connection will achieve more hypertrophy from the shortened range or full range than the person super dialed in at feeling and contracting the specific muscle being compared. So basically, the more experienced the lifter, the less important shortened contractions become.
Interesting theories and worth knowing. I’m practical: just pick a couple of professional bodybuilders and mimic their training. So many other factors, but a good stretch is great, yet partials at heavy loads may be wise.
Yes because because aslong as you do an exercise properly the muscles will activate because muscles respond to joint actions and if you need to do “finishers” you’re probably not doing your primary exercise/exercises with enough intensity thus creating a bunch of junk volume
34.24min .......Tom Platz"s legendary gigantic quads were built from squats & leg ext but no leg press which he always deemed useless ! yates on the polar opposite said he built his huge legs only on legpress for an injured back deniedhim heavy squats. me personally think platz quads are the greatest albeit most beautiful ,full stop
I think I would really benefit from a version of this video that was aimed at complete idiots 😂. Love seeing Brad Schoenfeld on UA-cam, still have his Max Muscle Plan book on my shelf
Dr mike has led Mr down this path and makes the last 25 years of training feel like a waste. 2024 kids your shit is going to be so dialed in you won't need to kill yourselves on gear or bs.
It's not even sarcasm, because Menno is pretty muscular to begin with. But even if they were total untrained people, it has nothing to do with doing research related to fitness, hypertrophy, etc.
Brad has a ton of knowledge and studies under his belt. he probably know more about hypertrophy than anyone. But look at him. he looks half dead and weighs 140lbs. I'm sorry, but you don't ask a poor man how to get rich. I'm just saying, there is a disconnect there.
Very interesting to get an update from someone really science based, who doesn't need to flash the Dr in front of his name to elicit a hypertrophic response.
WHICH TRAINING METHOD WILL DELIVER MAXIMUM MUSCLE GAIN Here I have a perfect example: which would be reaping the most gains out of these 4 situations for which total workout volume is equal troughout?? Excercise example is bicep dumbell curl and the format is sets x reps x weight = total workout volume. ALSO hypotheticaly 10kg is our 12 rep max 10 x 10 x 5kg = 500kg total volume . or 5 x 10 x 10kg = 500kg total volume. or 10 x 5 x 10kg = 500kg total volume. or 10 x 4 x 12.5kg = 500kg total volume. or 4 x 10 x 12.5kg = 500kg total volume. Which would be most optimal for MAXIMUM MUSCLE GROWTH?
0:20: 💪 Importance of lengthened partials in hypertrophy training and the minimalistic approach to their implementation.
4:46: 💪 Debunking the theory of muscle lengthening through sarcomerogenesis and highlighting the importance of muscle thickness in hypertrophy.
8:33: ⏳ Uncertainty surrounds the time-tension integral in maximizing hypertrophy and understanding other mechanisms.
13:50: 💪 Essential factors for muscle growth: consistency in training, proximity to failure, and training intensity.
17:38: 💪 Optimal muscle growth achieved with moderate weekly sets across major muscle groups.
22:11: ⚙ Optimizing muscle growth through high frequency and volume distribution for better stimulus and fatigue management.
26:40: 💪 Optimal protein intake spacing for muscle hypertrophy discussed in a study by Jorn and Alan Aragon.
31:09: 💪 Factors impacting muscle growth include meal frequency, study design, and real-world application.
35:55: 💪 Effect of different deload strategies on muscle re-sensitization and strength gains.
Recap by Tammy AI
Always amazing to see how experts talking about a topic they’re specialized in, are actually very nuanced and humble compared to « instagram experts. » thank you for this 🙏🏻
Yeah, there's almost no definitive answers given here, which is how it should be. Exercise science is in its infancy when compared to other sciences. We really don't know as much as many people like to pretend.
Most people involved in research caveat evidence with the balance of bias and limitations. With the best will intention, nothing is conclusive, always needs higher standard and more homogeneous rtc's. Basically we don't know for sure but it 'may' be the case that...
Exactly! The ones that know more, act like they don’t know it all because they have 100% certain they don’t.
Muh nuance. Muh science.
"The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of themselves, and wiser people so full of doubts." - Bertrand Russell
Excellent interview/discussion!!
The quality of fitness content on UA-cam in 2024 is ludicrous
It really is insane!!
Its like all of us even regular lifters are getting so much knowledge about everything basically...
What is the problem
What’s being described is mechanistic duplicity
Which is what is required to achieve advancing levels of I
Muscle memory
There multiple fields of science taking place simultaneously
Which is why the uncertainty and in conclusivity across the board
Biomechanical
Is unlike
Bio chemical
Is unlike
Nutrient delivery
Is unlike
The five categories of strength
and force generation
It’s the wrong question for the answer that is muscle functionality as it relates to workload willpower and FatLoss
Most people will stay theorists though and never put in the actual work.
Schoenfeld is such a legend. Would love it if you could get him back on, Menno. He's kinda tough to find online 😆
I'm nerding out!! This is sooo much more useful than just saying "You should do this because a couple of studies tell you to." More Dr. Schoenfeld please!!
Why? For 20 years he's been saying "we really don't know."
@@Jimmy29liI came away saying that after seeing him train to failure
what i do, Full Range of motion until i cant properly full ROM, followed by lenghtened partials until cant properly lengthen partial and if its my last set, add a drop set full rom.
i do the same but only on the last 1 to 2 sets of "x" exercise (depending on the muscle group isolation i guess 2 sets perfomed this way, compound 1 set), it gives you a big pump also.
Exactly! I do that with Full ROM Shoulder Side Lateral Raises (Or "Lu Raises") until I can't do another full rep, then immediately do a matching set of traditional side lateral raises with the same weight. So 10 reps Full Rom Lateral Raises then 10 reps of regular side lateral raises. That one isn't exactly dropping from Full Rom to lengthened, but I do full ROM DB shoulder presses for 6 to 8 reps until I can't do anymore and then just do partial raises from a very deep stretch at the bottom of the movement and move it up to where my elbow forms a 90 degree angle and then back down for like 5-6 more reps.
@@NickolaiFury glad to know I’m not the only one. I try to muscle mind failure. I’m seeing results. Small but as a natty it’s about time and consistency
@@NattyMuscleDude you should try with single leg curl. Your Hams will get a huge pump🙌🏼
@@javig9346 will do sunday!
One of the most informative I've watched this year regarding muscle building. Great collaboration.
Thank you for having subtitles. Very useful for me.
If you haven’t used the transcript feature in the description box then I recommend using that also. It’s very helpful
Absolutely loved the video! It’s an honor to be able to listen to this amazing podcast. I really appreciate Dr. Brad Schoenfeld for sharing his valuable wisdom and insights with us! He’s truly an icon! His influence on the entire fitness community is incredible. Thank you so much for all the phenomenal work! 🙌
Schoenfeld is a legend.
Miracles talk is cheap new song out now ❤big up this channel
Brad isn’t just modest, he is correct. So much of science based exercise is speculation and very often what we think is very promising does not work out a few years later. Don’t change everything based on one study and always ask questions.
Dr. Brad the mad scientist!!! 💪
‘Dominate’. Indeed he does.
The legend himself
Literally a masterclass on hypertrophy 🔥
Was a fun discussion to listen too!
More of Schoenfeld. A++ love it.
Wow, what an amazing content. The max muscle growth experts!
The complexity of how our body works is incredible. I'm kind of sorry I gave up on science. One of the reasons was seeing how bunch of research in molecular biology focuses on just a couple of markers and suspect proteins for things that are controlled and intertwined with dozens of pathways, receptors, etc. It just seemed an impossible task to understand complexities without creating some AI supercomputer model where you can feed all research data from the filed and ask it what would happen if you change some parameters check it and repeat. I think that is the future. But it sure seems we are getting lost in all the expanding knowledge we have. Maybe it's just me.
Perfect timing, just got to the gym!
Going to dig through this channel more. Wow. Because I’ve been kind of doing this myself and I’ve noticed some of these things on my own and hear you guys talking about them.
What I’m looking into now is what I’m calling the “black hole” effect of prolonged heavy bulking on peds where weight keeps stalling after being steady for the first 8-10 weeks. Then requires insane levels of calories to continue gaining weight, which keeps stalling quicker and quicker after each increment higher. Currently stalled on 6700 calorie high days with a weekly average of 6300. I was gaining 2lb per week the first 8 on 4900.
Amazing interview Menno! Great job, keep it going 💪🏻
Thank you Brad and Menno for this super informative interview! Brad's scientific honesty, integrity, and skepticism are refreshing and even more valuable in a world dominated by sensational headlines, and popular, yet unevidenced, claims. More like this please Menno!
Something I would love to understand clearly from a scientific perspective is how do they divide the "muscle groups" exactly. Is it Push, pull and legs? Upper and lower body? Upper lower and abs?
Would love to know for sure.
Amazing.
Why did we spend too much cash on graduate school... we have this. Thanks Menno and Dr.
Because you gotta fund the business of education lol
Soreness ie DOMS is definitely the result of lymphatic vessels being stretched with, well lymphatic fluid after the immune system has come in to initiate repair and remodeling. There might also be sensations of microtrauma, but DOMS is greater in muscles that have more lymphatic vessels, and on the time scale of lymphatic drainage and reduced by improved lymphatic drainage. So soreness shows that a muscle has been exposed to an immunological response, but form one muscle group to another it's indications are relative. Soreness gets less with training experience because the pain receptors around lymphatic vessels are desensitized.
Brad is the man
Very Informative interview. Thank you Mr Henselmans.
Sick interview.
I’ve been trying different versions over the last two years. Once I figured out exhausting my elastic limits in that muscle group only then did I start seeing the difference in strength and size.
Damn, the deload thing caught me off guard since its preached about so much by top people in the field.
Thank you fellas for affirming that all we really know (from the science) is that more weight and more reps each session creates more muscle and more strength.
Would training close to failure each session make keeping track of progressive overload obsolete?
Around the 19 minute mark, he says 105 total sets per week is “modest“. Sometimes I manage to go to the gym six times a week. I always do at least six different exercises for three sets each. So that’s 108 sets per week. I do more than six exercises some days so I’m sure I’m getting more than 108 sets per week. But damn I feel like I’m getting called out. And I’m already spending like an hour in the weight room most of those days.
Excellent body of information from Brad, as usual!
It is a useful video, indeed, many thanks for uploading. I like the in-depth analysis. Interesting 3:01 what are the studies on leg extension...
@WolfCoaching
🤣
he wont be pleased
WOW! What a great interview!
I started with a 3 man team,as the smallest in the gym, we started at the smallest weight going up in weight with each set working till failure, after 6 months no one wants to greet us in the Gym because we are growing too fast compared to people gyming for years.I must note there is nights i couldnot sleap because of mussel pain.
"Google me." What a fookin' LEGEND
great interview. thank you
Full range of motion has worked just fine. Stretching eccentrics stimulates, yet that one component of the rep.
God, I could listen to this all day
He is a Professor.
Man .. The way Menno sits in a chair is the definition of BDE. First noticed this in one of the Dr. Mike & Menno collab videos. Needs to be in a super hero movie.
We're thrilled to hear you opine on his size
the fuck are you on about lol? he's sitting on a chair normally.
What a time to be alive
I appologise in advance for my lack of intellectual language to communicate what im saying.
Hey Menno, im not sure if you will see this comment but i was curious if there has ever been research done about training in isolation in one area at a time (upper body, lower body, arms, legs,) in comparison to training a 2 areas in the same session that are farther apart. What im curious about is the pump and wether or not its more beneficial to focus on one target area in a session; like say if you do upper body and lower body in the same session you would not have maximum pump to one area as the body needs to provide blood flow everywhere thats being worked.
I guess this could also be looked at with the training front upper body and back upper body in one session opposed to training those in seperate sessions; this is more localized so i would expect this not to be a huge difference compared to upper body and legs in the same session.
Again the question is strictly focused on the pump and wether or not this is more beneficial for hypertrophy stimulus.
Okay guys can someone explain to me in plain English
So we need to more sets for maximum mass or more volume???
Thank you in advance
My crystal ball says: The shortened portion of a muscle contraction has most value at honing the mind-muscle connection which is where most of the benefits of shortened contractions come from. Take that into account when picking subjects for studying it. The person without much mind-muscle connection will achieve more hypertrophy from the shortened range or full range than the person super dialed in at feeling and contracting the specific muscle being compared. So basically, the more experienced the lifter, the less important shortened contractions become.
Interesting theory- how would you test it??
A dummy like me could use a little pop up for some of the terms’ definitions.
Do harder workouts lead to higher muscle protein synthesis when combined with adequate amount of protein?
Interesting theories and worth knowing. I’m practical: just pick a couple of professional bodybuilders and mimic their training.
So many other factors, but a good stretch is great, yet partials at heavy loads may be wise.
I understood everything he said, perfectly
More Dr Schoenfeld please! What a great interview Menno. Thank you sir!
Father and son of hypertrophy science
That was great; high quality
Tons of evidence that partials lead to fewer injuries and are easier to stick with.
How come nobody talks about regional hypertrophy? The shortened position stimulates the proximal part of the muscle more.
evidence?
@@Pain53924 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10407320/
This is a study that shows regional hypertrophy for example.
Proof?
Data?
Literature?
What jazz standard you working on back there?
The top answer is mindset. Nothing better for gains than a top tier "I am more than human" attitude! That is if you are of course physically healthy.
facts
End of last set of exercise for certain ones
Are the activator and finisher exercises a myth?
Yes because because aslong as you do an exercise properly the muscles will activate because muscles respond to joint actions and if you need to do “finishers” you’re probably not doing your primary exercise/exercises with enough intensity thus creating a bunch of junk volume
I love that in science the more someone knows, the more likely they are to say "I don't know"
What good science should be. The more you learn the more you realize you don’t know which spurs more studies.
Woohoo Dr Brad 🎉🎉🎉
I almost thought it was “between two ferns” on first glance, loveley room 😂
34.24min .......Tom Platz"s legendary gigantic quads were built from squats & leg ext but no leg press which he always deemed useless ! yates on the polar opposite said he built his huge legs only on legpress for an injured back deniedhim heavy squats.
me personally think platz quads are the greatest albeit most beautiful ,full stop
That 105 set total is important
12:57 12:58 100%
I think I would really benefit from a version of this video that was aimed at complete idiots 😂. Love seeing Brad Schoenfeld on UA-cam, still have his Max Muscle Plan book on my shelf
If "fixing your hormones" isn't the #1 thing I'm going to be disappointed.
Dr mike has led Mr down this path and makes the last 25 years of training feel like a waste. 2024 kids your shit is going to be so dialed in you won't need to kill yourselves on gear or bs.
At the end of the day, scientists are just a style of influencer.
💪💪💪
Jfc Menno looks like a giant next to brad
🔥🔥🔥
Menno Gigachad
13:23
❤️💪🙏☦️ GOD GIVES US STRENGTH ☦️🙏🕊️🏋️♂️
no evidence of god
Don’t just do lengthened partials they are a craze
Looks like Menno helnselman is visiting Brad Schoenfeld in the nursing home
😂..
ruining the dreams of many avid stretchers
Google me 😂😂😂. My man Brad is too famous to give a link😂😂😂
✝️💪
Brad played a Putin double for a while before the Ukraine thing got a bit hairy
Brad is so jacked
That was a cheap shot at dr Mike Menno. Poor show
Two guys with no muscle teaching people how to build muscle lmao
I hope this is sarcasm
It's not even sarcasm, because Menno is pretty muscular to begin with.
But even if they were total untrained people, it has nothing to do with doing research related to fitness, hypertrophy, etc.
Do they even lift?
Brad has a ton of knowledge and studies under his belt. he probably know more about hypertrophy than anyone. But look at him. he looks half dead and weighs 140lbs. I'm sorry, but you don't ask a poor man how to get rich. I'm just saying, there is a disconnect there.
It's almost entirely governed by genes and hormones. They can go on and on about the research until the cows come home, but at the end of the day...
Brad Schoenfeld - "Google me" 😁😁 fantastic haha!
"Google me." Absolute ledge 😏
Very interesting to get an update from someone really science based, who doesn't need to flash the Dr in front of his name to elicit a hypertrophic response.
Very refreshing indeed
are you imply a certain Canis lupus?
Everyone on UA-cam is a ‘doctor’. As if being a doctor made you somehow infallible?
@@DavidKolbSantosh That soon to be a doctor line was so cringe. Now it's him ending the video with 'peace'.
I've always liked Brad.
Thanks for bringing us this video. The scientific chat is awesome 💪
Yeah for me as long as I’m really pushing myself I’ll grow. Doesn’t matter the method I’ve tried them all.
wow 2 legends.
WHICH TRAINING METHOD WILL DELIVER MAXIMUM MUSCLE GAIN
Here I have a perfect example: which would be reaping the most gains out of these 4 situations for which total workout volume is equal troughout??
Excercise example is bicep dumbell curl and the format is sets x reps x weight = total workout volume.
ALSO hypotheticaly 10kg is our 12 rep max
10 x 10 x 5kg = 500kg total volume .
or 5 x 10 x 10kg = 500kg total volume.
or 10 x 5 x 10kg = 500kg total volume.
or 10 x 4 x 12.5kg = 500kg total volume.
or 4 x 10 x 12.5kg = 500kg total volume.
Which would be most optimal for MAXIMUM MUSCLE GROWTH?
Very interesting findings mentioned at the end regarding deloads.
PIANO?
Brad plays it and quite well!
@@menno.henselmans cool cool
Thanks for the explanation.
Bless you for your content