When F1 Cars Used ROCKET FUEL!
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- Опубліковано 20 тра 2024
- This car produces over 1400 horsepower, largely because it’s running on Rocket Fuel.
Back in the 80s, there were no restrictions on the type of fuel car’s used, so being F1 - the teams took it to the extremes.
They used a formula that created massive power and allowed the turbos to be turned up higher than ever before - but just one catch - it was extremely toxic and is a known carcinogen! Not to mention it’s tendency to cause engines to blow up!
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We all love the genius innovations that came out of F1 in the 80s - ground effect, massive turbos and carbon monocoque chassis’.
The introduction of 1.5 litre turbo engines brought a load of changes in F1, with the most obvious being the huge increase in power. Some of the cars on the grid had as much as 1500 horsepower - they were absolute rocket-ships!.
A big side-effect of the turbos was a massive increase in fuel consumption. The huge turbos pressurise air going into the cylinders, which along with more air - needed more fuel.
At points, the cars were using more than 300 litres of fuel per race! That’s nearly three times what today’s cars are allowed to use.
The teams needed to find a way to use less fuel - they came up with some ingenious, but dangerous solutions - more on that later.
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00:00 When F1 Cars Used Rocket Fuel
00:32 Our Favourite Loop-Hole Finders
00:55 1.2 MPG!
01:25 Fuel Freezing
04:09 Rocket Fuel
05:37 What's Octane?
06:59 Highest Fuel Bill Ever
07:15 Toluene's Biggest Problem
07:33 The End of the Turbo Era
08:45 What Fuel Do Today's F1 Cars Use?
#RocketFuel #Formula1 #Engineering - Авто та транспорт
Who else loves watching these iconic races from the 80s? They bravery of these guys.
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Love that era in racing. The late 70s early 80s is when I got into F1
There's a Senna documentary where Sir Patrick Head says that everyone in F1 at 85/86 seasons loved to watch Senna's flying laps. He says that Senna's unique throttle technique to avoid the turbo lag was outrageous (already explored here). Also, that everyone was very impressed how he handled that furious Lotus Renault, pushing it through the absolute limit, fighting for poles in a car that wasn't or supposed to be that good. He finishes his testimonial, reminding us that this engines had a exclusively version manufactured for qualify, being the most powerful of all time. So we all can say that this is a historical video! Nice job mate!
I remember watching them live 70's and 80's live not always a perfect recollection but I remember a lot of the cars.
Tiktok 🤢🤢🤢
Cool, but It's toluene not tolulene!
Ah yes 1980s. F1 cars with 1400 HP and rally cars with 500-750 HP. What a time to be alive...
I think it was only 1 or 2 cars that made that kind of horsepower and it was only for 1 or 2 laps during qualifying. Horsepower was far lower in race trim. A lot of these stories you hear are false. Also, I don't remember Rally cars with 750bhp. Group B was maybe around 450-500bhp. Lancia was flirting with close to 600 bhp for their Group S Delta, but that never happened.
Mihael Miličević and the music
@@marino8034 Delta S4 engine achieved 1000PS on the bench test the only problem was a longevity it wouldn't survive a rally stage thats why they reduce the power to the 500-600 PS some say that they achived even more at the end
@@marino8034 The Audi Sport Quattro S1 Pikes Peak (1987) Was running with about 750HP
@@altergreenhorn Oh I'm sure that was possible with tons of boost. It would still make it pretty useless as an engine in a rally.
1500 Bhp, short run-off area's, driving mostly one handed while changing gear and low levels of downforce.....Bloody legends!....
Absolutely!
@@Driver61 They needed that much bhp just to carry the weight of their balls around the lap!.....
They had to wear straps to secure their massive balls...lol
BLOODY indeed...
So bascially dirt track.
Member when BMW did motorsports?
I member
Oooh I member
Yes I member
Coughs in m8 gt
tbh if they returned to F1 I bet they'll make a worthy contender to Merc
I didn't think mixing diesel and paint thinner was so expensive lmao
Yes, even laboratory grade toluene will set you back about 100$/ litre. Somebody was probably lining his pockets
@@chemiker494 laboratory grade anything is expensive. To go from 99% to 99.9% is a big jump
@@forbiddenera But you do you really need 99,9 % when you mix it up with diesel?...
@@vasek987 when you want be on top even 0.9% matters
there are other additives other than toluene and diesel for sure
Very interesting video and beautifully made 👍🏼
Suprised ur here
When your next video?
Lol I just watched it video
uploaf
Racing monkey when u gonna make a new vid
A couple corrections, DI Angelis died in 1986, not 1985, and his first win was actually in 1982.
Yeah, the Austrian GP.
This guy might have his history a bit mixed up.
And to be honest, it looks like that the fire at the pit stop was in Spa 1995, Eddie Irvine. Nothing to do with that turbo era. (There is also Nigel Mansell with his Ferrari turning to flames in Phoenix 1990, still nothing to do with the turbo era that ended in 1988).
@@No.Handle31 He got a lot of things wrong
@@thethirdman225 Yep
San Marino 1985 was de Angelis' second win.
His first win famously came in Austria 1982, where he managed to outdistance Keke Rosberg by just one twentieth of a second.
ah yeh the old rear wings that used to snap off on the long straights! in the same way redbull had flimsy droopy front wings, rear wings were made rather flimsy too so they would bend at speed, reducing drag. its why they put weights on the rear wing & test deflection now in scrutinising.
I remember cars snapping driveshafts on the starting line because they had so much power and torque.
u remember they invented the "wing tip" that would pull into the top wing in the back?and become about 3-4 times larger when braking!!! less drag on straghts!
And some One hand on steering wheel drives
@@nickgeorgiakakis7249 Yes. Happened, for example, to Nigel Mansell in the 1986 British Grand Prix. Fortunately for him, there was a big crash at the first corner, so he was able to restart in the team's spare car. (Unfortunately for Jacques Laffite, who broke both his legs and never raced F1 again.)
there is only 1 L in toLuene! i worked in the chemical industry!
My jaw dropped to the floor in under a minute, then stayed for the rest of the video.
😂
Holy shit 😳....every second of this video left me amazed
Too bad so much of it is wrong or distorted. If my jaw dropped, it was because of the level of inaccuracy.
A lot of errors in here about the fuel, starting with the narrator incorrectly saying ToluLene all the way through. Toluene was used as it has a high volumetric specific energy. The Luftwaffe never used it to any significant degree. This has been repeated often in magazines and elsewhere that the BMW engineers researched old WW2 Luftwaffe fuels to find toluene, but this is a myth. I have researched the old microfiche on Luftwaffe fuels from WW2 and in addition to Nitrous Oxide and Water Methanol injection, they also used aromatic amines combined with tetra ethyl lead as base fuel octane boosters such as aniline and to a much lesser extent meta toluidine - although the latter suffers with poor low temperature solubility which is an issue at altitude). Interestingly the Luftwawwe fuels were almost all ’87 octane right throughout the war with only a small amount of 100 octane available. Allied fuels by comparison ranged up to 115 Octane when using a comparable octane scale (with these fuels having a150 rich mixture ‘octane’ number) . Toluene has not been used in jet engines to any significant degree as the graphic suggests (it is way too volatile and produces too much luminosity and related combustion chamber thermal stress ) and to my knowledge has never been used as a rocket fuel (the gravimetric energy density is too low). Also , like most aromatics it actually has a relatively low flame speed when compared with other gasoline range components (this partially is why the octane is so high), so it is not a rapid burning fuel as claimed here. So toluene was actually used because it is an obvious choice due to the high volumetric energy density (the tank size was limited) and its relatively high volatility (ability to evaporate) and has a high octane number. The penalty is a relatively high fuel mass but was likely simply accepted as an acceptable compromise. I’d also be very surprised to see diesel blended in there (the low flame speed in the charts and slower energy release is simply a feature of toluene combustion). However, the relatively high boiling point of toluene (compared to full spectrum gasoline) would make engine starting a real challenge, so a minor component of something to increase the vapour pressure would be more useful:: ethanol, butane (C4) or iso-pentane (C5) would make sense in this regard while not harming octane too badly. So good video to highlight the use of toluene in F1,but the more ‘interesting’ claims in here would benefit from a bit more research or fuels formulation knowledge.
@@SlocketSeven minor correction to your last - I think an accidental typo I think you meant liquid Hydrogen rather than helium (the latter is a noble gas, so would be unreactive), but thank you for your clarifications
Also funny how he said “Used in the Luftwaffe” like it’s an airplane model. Flawless explanation my dude
Interestingly enough Rod Millen's Pikes Peak Celica runs on an 85% Toluene/15% iso-octane blend. It still takes quite a bit to cold start but it does start fine without heating the fuel or spraying ether (in fact I'm 99% sure there is no heating element on the fuel tank). It's possible it needed the iso-octane at the altitude/lower temps of Pikes Peak?
Looks like you would need to be an expert drinks mixer here, a dash of this, a slurp that and a drop of the other, it would still taste better than whisky though, uuuggghhh!!!!
Toluene was used at least once as an experimental rocket fuel. It gets one brief mention in the canonical book on the subject, John D. Clark's _Ignition!:_ "[Esnault-Peltier's] use of benzene (as Glushko's of toluene) as a fuel is rather odd. Neither of them is any improvement over gasoline as far as performance goes, and both are much more expensive." (Note that being no improvement in a rocket, where weight is absolutely critical, doesn't mean it's no improvement in a car, where weight is important but not as important as in a rocket.)
The F1 fuel was 86% toluene, 14% heptane. You suggest ethanol, butane or iso-pentane to keep the octane rating high; however, pure toluene has a higher octane rating than was permitted by FIA rules, so they actually needed to blend it with something that would decrease the octane. (Source: Wikipedia's article on toluene, which also claims it was Honda that pioneered the use of toluene, not BMW.)
Aside from a couple of experiments, toluene has never been used as a rocket fuel: it's too heavy and the performance increase over kerosene isn't enough to compensate for that. It worked in F1 because their primary concern was volume and because the weight penalty wasn't too bad in an application where the vehicle didn't have to lift its own fuel into the sky. In fact, it may even have been an advantage, given how much effort F1 cars go to to generate more "weight" through downforce. Toluene has also never seen significant use as a jet fuel where, again, weight is the ruling factor. So, interesting video, but based on a number of major misconceptions.
Actual weight is certainly not an advantage, especially in areas like fuel. It decreases the effectiveness of downforce. Plus heavier fuel means the car's weight changes more in the race meaning setups have to account for a wider range of parameters and can't be as fast overall.
Toluene smells like paint thinner because it is thinner. Toluene helps prevent Detonation in Turbo or High compression engines.
Also when trying to mix Methanol and Gasoline Toluene helps same with mixing Methanol and Nitromethane. Also if you wanna get real crazy, Nitro mixed with Hydrazine makes MASSIVE power in Top Fuel drag cars years ago until ATF/FBI put a stop too it
🏎🏁☠
The green flame stuff isn't it? Wild-Wild Shit.
a good fuel and a good oxidiser = good bangs!
@@GabrielKish yes sir. Its still used in Space program.
@@bujfvjg7222 Yep, was blowing the cylinder heads off the blocks on return road and in the pits
Something that would make this video even more interesting, there actually were rules on fuel types in the 80's, alcohol based fuels were banned, the fuel had to be petrol of some sort, so the teams used fuels that met that definition in only a technical sense, more creative rule reading.
True, it was petrol in the sense that there actually were a few drops of petrol in the mixture. The rest was just a chemical cocktail that supposedly not only smelled horrible, but also frothed like crazy.
@@tjroelsma "A few drops" -- the fuel was 14% heptane, which is essentially petrol. (Which is to say that petrol is a mix of substances, one of which is heptane. Depending on where you get your petrol from, it will contain different substances in different ratios. It's not insane to describe pure heptane as a highly refined, specifically blended petrol.)
@@beeble2003 It may be from the same "family" as petrol, but it still has almost no similarities with the petrol you buy at the average gas station.
The super high octane fuel a dragster runs on and the very low octane aviation fuel are technically speaking also from the same "family" as petrol, but you wouldn't normally want those in your roadgoing car.
@@tjroelsma Fair point. I was trying to say that heptane is in the same ballpark as petrol, rather than being something totally alien.
@@beeble2003 I get your point, that's why I used the word "family."
Ive been folowing u since u had only around 10k subs, and damn uve grown and it makes me so happy. Hopefully u success grown even more.
Thank you so much! I hope you're doing well.
@@Driver61 i can hear your british accent through that comment
Newly subbed, fantastic, insightly content. My Subaru outback doesn’t produce 1400 bhp. 🤣
I've been around for almost that long too. Probably not the most consistent viewer, but I've certainly seen the change. I get the impression the newer videos have a tighter script, and the subject of the videos definitely have more pull to the average viewer too. But really I think we all knew he was destined for a channel like this even back then.
Toluene was afaik never used as rocket fuel. However, the technique of chilling the fuel down in order to squeeze more of it in a given tank volume, is used in some rockets
Ya rather sensationalistic calling it that. I've never seen toluene listed in an actual rocketry use case. Kerosene is a rocket fuel and was/is used extensively.
@@xenuno Still is.
Yeah that and toluene needs heated to about 70 degc to vaporise !
@@captainchaos3053 That would be easy under turbo pressure. But I've herd the toluene myth before too.
@@thethirdman225 Honda passed the fuel lines through a heat exchanger. Don't know about the rest. I used to pass the fuel line of my racing minor through a cooler inside box of dry ice before it hit my blow through turbo (from a mg metro turbo) on a really hot day/engine. But that only had to make it a 1/4 mile......
"When you cool something it gets smaller"
Water : Am I a joke to you ?
water does actually get smaller when you cool it, but is the smallest at 4 degrees Celsius. That's why the bottom of the ocean is 4 degrees, because all the weight of the water above it compresses it to its smallest size. any colder it starts to freeze and expends again. every substance has its own temperature where it is the smallest. Or we should say most dense.
If it does not change state, it is true, while water expands when it changes from liquid to solid, it continues to shrink as it gets colder equalizing to that of liquid water at its densest (@3.98ºC) at -25ºC.
@@johndavidwolf4239 nope water at 1degrees or 2 degrees is not more dense than 3 degrees. Infact its larger in volume
@@Sadik15B that's not what he's saying though. Also, the fact that something is under very high pressure does not necessarily mean that the temperature of the substance is equal to the temperature at which it is at its most dense state.
@@BamBoomBots for an unchanging mass of any substance, temperature and pressure are literally the same thing, they're both arbitrary human representations of the kinetic energy of the system.
You may want to brush up on your aviation/rocket technology.
I know of absolutely no aircraft or rocket systems that use toluene for fuel.
Not as fuel per se, but it has been used as an octane booster for jet fuels.
@@Audiojack_ I’m sorry, that’s just not tire. Firstly jet fuels don’t need an octane booster as the Brayton cycle is not sensitive to Octane and secondly Toluene is too low a boiling point to be part of jet fuel. Jet a-11 has a distillation range of circa 150-350 degC and toluene boils at 111C. Ergo it isn’t a part of jet fuel and being an aromatic it would not be beneficial at all (the hydrogen/carbon ratio is too low leading to a low smoke point)
@@robmidgley You obviously know your stuff, so I believe you for sure, but I did try to do a bit of Googling here and there before saying such. For example, some source claiming "typical composition of JP-4 jet fuel" to be 11.39% toluene, and in the end simply Wikipedia claiming "Toluene can be used as an octane booster in gasoline fuels for internal combustion engines as well as jet fuel." I'm not saying these sources would be correct, but that's just where I was coming from.
@@Audiojack_ that’s a good bit of research you’ve done.. JP-4 was a wide cut military jet fuel used by the US airforce up to the 80’s (wide cut means effectively a gasoline/naphtha plus kerosene mixture). But was is a key word in that sentence. They moved from that to JP-8 perhaps 35 years ago now after their experiences in Vietnam showed how vulnerable wide cut fuels are to small arms. Interestingly the US Navy used a far less volatile JP-5 narrow cut fuel (so think of this as a kerosene with the light material removed) as that improved aircraft carrier safety on board (it is as ignitable as diesel - I.e. not very), but one unexpected advantage is that small arms fire doesn’t set it alight. This is why when you watch videos of the Vietnam war, all the low level work is done by the Navy and the high level operations by the Air Force: they used different fuels. JP-4 and the civil equivalent Jet-B are no longer made.
@@Audiojack_ I think the maker of this video may have been confusing Jet fuel (for turbine engines) with Avgas (for aircraft piston engines). The latter commonly contains about 15% toluene.
2:15 Johansson learned from this. Later in his career, in Indycar, he once raced and when the otgers went in for refueling at the end of the race, he raced until the end and put the car in neutral and slowly passed the finish line. :D
When you realize how extreme the 80's was,you realize that it's not Impossible to build the Redbull X2010 with current technology
Definitely not. The main reason it isn't built is because the forces exerted on the driver could be fatal at max potential.
@@NuclearHeadshot gives the meaning to the phrase "breackneck speed"
Andrian Newey, the X2010 designer, said that the main problem would be that there are no tyres capable to witshstand forces involved without exploding.
@@psykkomancz how about airless tyres? Ive seen a few concepts for them and those cant blow up
have you seen Gordon Murray's new car?
2:50 de Angelis already won 1 time in austria
Yes. I remember he fought to the line with Rosberg
There's literally no rocket in the world running on toluene.
When I read the title, I thought some mad man tried to run there engine off of a hypergolic fuel. Or at least something that ACTALY was used in rockets. Hell, I would have settled for kerosene.
@@GearHeadedHamster I was expecting ethanol tbh, which was the fuel the ww2 v2 rockets used
There's also only one L in toluene... but he found another. As well as some file foota ge of gas turbine engines and fighter jet refueling, which use kerosene.
@@ivoboksem851 I was expecting simple kerosene, especially when he mentioned the Luftwaffe. (Plenty of rockets have used kerosene, e.g., the Saturn V first stage, and kerosene is a standard fuel for jet engines.)
@@beeble2003 Beeble -- Please help me understand. I was thinking a rocket fuel such as 75% ethanol, 25% water. As you know, THAT is a proven rocket fuel. Don't "Top Alcohol" dragsters use that fuel? Would it work in F-1? I am out of my league understanding this engineering.
Toxic rocket fuel? For a moment I thought of hydrazine.
Fuck me. That would be scary. Imagine cleaning up a crash.
The halo wouldn't have done shit for Grosjean if hydrazine was used as a fuel
Me too. Never would I have thought about toluene. Its not even really toxic, only a health hazard and harmful. Other motorsports and even road cars use methanol, which is actually toxic. I bet even the normal gas you get at the gas station is equally harmful as toluene
hydrazine fuel mixures used in rockets are hypergolic. usefull for a rocket engine you might need to start and stop but terrible in a car
@@ctrang0458 I have heard stories of people using hydrazine in drag cars in the 70's. Supposedly it would turn exhaust flames green and could rip the entire crankshaft out of the block. It could be an urban legend though.
Love the video. Small thing to note: toluene along with hypogolic carcinogenic chemicals stopped being used as main rocket fuels decades ago, even before the apollo program. They are still used very rarely as a reaction control monopropellent in satellites and such, but otherwise toluene isn't really "rocket fuel". In fact, the vastly most common rocket fuel, RP-1 (+LOX), is much more similar to diesel , being a form of kerosene. The only other widely accepted rocket fuels are liquid hydrogen, methane and hydrazene.
Yeah, I was like kerosene? That's not that special...and lugging around a tank of LOX doesn't make sense if one could not even rockets would use LOX.
We were a support series to F1 at the Detroit GP a couple times back in the 80's. We shared garage space in Cobo Hall. There was pretty much zero security and after the teams had left for the day we were free to romp through their areas. Amazing stuff! On Monday after the F1 teams had cleared out we noticed they left lots of stuff laying around. I guess it was a pain to ship fuel drums they didn't use so they just left it and it was also a pain for the Cobo crews to dispose of it too. There were dozens of 50 gallon drums lying about and I gave a fork lift driver $50 and he put five drums in my trailer. I'll never forget when we off loaded them... one drum weighed easily a hundred pounds more than the others. Curious, I sent a sample to VP fuels to test and they said it was mostly aromatics, hardly gasoline at all. We never used it in the race car because it was illegal but it ran fine in the dually. Smelled great but was probably toxic as hell.
toluol/tolol/toluene was also used in group b rally. the lancia delta s4 was probably one of the most prominent machines using the fuel. the car was making 550hp out of a 1.8liter twincharged inline 4cylinder engine. those hp numbers were otherwise not sustainable without this highly knockresistant fuel. Audi was using it too in it's Sport quattro, and the other team most likely also.
The 80s were some of the wildest times in racing. Manufactuers did absolutely bonkers things with cars!
Wow Scott, the ideas F1 engineers never ceases to amaze me. I'm new to following F1 so I really appreciate these historical background stories. The reason I'm new to following F1 is because earlier this year my son suggested naming our new puppy Senna, after Ayrton Senna. That led to learning more about Senna, and even buying the movie.
Very good driver flawed by cheating.
Senna is a good start, but there are many others. So many interesting characters. From Farina to Hamilton and all the others along the way.
Paul Rosche, the lead engineer for the development of the BMW M12/13 engine said, that they even tried water injection to cool down the combustion. "We went from 1% to 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, nothing changed. At 7% we lost power and, clever as we were, figured that water does not burn." Love those anecdotes :D
I have to admit, those were exciting races to watch.
1400 in QUALIFYING trim, not race!
Back when you had qualifying engines and a spare car. Those were the days
@@Mpayne1472 Don't forget the spare driver for when the main one died
@@BigCat553 Don't forget a spare pit crew for when the main one burned
Yeah and that was theoretical hp as was not actually required to physically measured but more predicted.
That BMW is one of the coolest looking f1 cars ive ever seen
Except they hardly ever finished a race . A lot of races both cars would retire and if they made it to the finish, it was usually in the back.
@@fsca72 haha, talk about usefulness over appearance
It's toluene, not "tolulene".
Made my eye twitch every time.
Came here to say this.
Agreed. - Methyl benzene is toluene. "Toluol" might be an old brand name.
We used to clean our hands with toluene which was used as paint thinner for road line paint.
Could be British, like aluminum/ aluminium. Toluene/ toluene
@Driver61 None of the shown rockes use Toluene - they use RP1, a highly refined kerosine (no worries though - awesome videos otherwise :) )
No production rocket has ever used toluene. A couple of experimental ones did but it's a bad choice for rocket fuel: it's heavier than RP-1 and doesn't give enough extra thrust to compensate for the weight. It's also very expensive.
4:34 I'm pretty sure that turbofan engine is running backwards, the gas's are going the right way but i think the turbines are spinning the wrong way.
Good eye. The compressor fan blades are reversed (aka high bypass fan in the front of the engine). The turbine is correct (in the rear aka hot section). Very confused visual! haha
@@CaptainSteve777 First stage compressor is also backwards.
pretty sure that this is from some educational video originally though... I saw this clip in a few places, even though, you are right - this is the wrong way round
Only here to find this comment. :-D
Lots of smart people here; very wholesome!
Yea, I was working for a paint company during the mid 80's. I got a chance to go to the F1 race in Detroit and got a pit pass. My friend and I were walking through the pits and we could smell the fuel as they were getting the cars ready. I remember at the time we both looked at each other and said "Toluene?!?". It was a smell we were both familiar with. Thanks for the story, that confirms a long held question.
"we all love it when the race engineers come up with a clever way around the rules"
FIA - "And I took that personally"
'80s F1 was the pinnacle of hairy open-wheeled racing, when performance equalled the beauty of the cars.
The 80’s what a crazy era for speed, not just in F1, Rally too with Group B cars
This video seeing that BMW power, I’d live to see them back in F1 today
Thanks. I really like your informative voice over with video productions!
Great video, very informative as always! 1 caveat Scott, 300L of fuel is just over double what's allowed today, not tripple. 110kg of fuel is 144 liters.
There was one guy in Nascar that got around the limit on fuel tank size, by using 2" fuel line running round about from the tank to the engine bay... Smokey was pretty clever👍.
Half the rule book is there cause of him
Loved this video, not only for 80s details on ‘those’ cars, but also the science. Great channel
im loving these 'evolution' series. great work pal.d
This is all very interesting, but where does the idea come from that toluene (not "tolulene") is used as a rocket fuel? It isn't and as far as I can tell it never was, except perhaps in experiments.
Knock resistance is no issue in rockets or turbine engines, as both use a continuous flame, so there can be no pre-ignition or detonation. Rockets generally use either refined kerosene (RP1), liquid hydrogen or (increasingly) liquid methane for cryogenic propellant (with liquid oxygen as oxidiser) or some variant of hydrazine and dinitrogen-tretroxide as oxidiser for hypergolic fuels.
The name for the toluene-based F1 fuel is rather a nickname, because it made the cars go "as fast as a rocket", but it is not literally rocket fuel. If you search for the combination of "rocket fuel" and "toluene" the only hits you get are for the F1 turbo era.
If inspiration for use of toluene rich fuel came from the Luftwaffe, it must have been from it's use in piston engine aircraft not the jets shown which run on kerosene.
All studies to date show that Toluene is not carcinogenic which is stated in the video. This is one reason that it is often used as a solvent. (other aromatic compounds, notably benzene are but not toluene so far as is known)
Greatly made. and a good info to learn.. salute bro👌
Great chap. One of your best vids to date. More like this pls. Fantastic.
"It cost 270000 dollars to refuel this car, for a single racing weekend" -Speedy Cars Guy
I'm 2:51 into the vid, the fuel consumption has been mentioned many times at this point - but why not explain to the viewers WHY they were running such a rich mixture? I'm sure you know, a fat mixture is a safe tune, as leaner mixtures burn much hotter. Additionally, the overly rich mixture can act like water injection, further cooling the combustion temps (but potentially washing the oil out of the cross- hatching on the cylinder walls, causing excessive piston, ring and cylinder wall wear). Generally the higher the combustion pressure, the higher the combustion temps... Hence the excess fuel was used to cool the combustion temps... Elementary my dear Whatson
smashing stuff. Thanks for the vid!
A little detail that’s so awesome is that this channel doesn’t have an intro, just a little visual that doesn’t break the pace at all
Can't get past the "tolulene"
To-lu-ene
where does that second magic L come from?
Yea, that was annoying.
I've noticed a few struggle with Toluene.
I used to like Driver61 videos but the more it goes the more I realize they are full of inaccuracies yet the guys always sounds like he's the best specialist of the subject in the world :-/
It's the L he made after showing a video of an F/A 18 refuelling while talking about the Luftwaffe.
And all the L's from the other misinformation
New favorite episode!! I love the cars and the engineering that goes into them more than the driver's and the tracks they battle on. Thats saying something
My favorite engineering fact about the 1.5L BMW F1 motor is. Them leaving the blocks sitting outside in the back of the shop and taking turns pissing on the block to weather it and make it as strong as possible.
Oh man I was just wondering when the next video is coming out, perfect timing!
The amount of factual errors in this video is amazing!
Agreed, cool subject but very poor research.
It’s a messy collage of misread information and general ignorance around the topics. It’s understandable, but the lack of research is never forgivable
@@bepisbepi I think that people making educational videos should at least know the basics and care a bit about the subject they're talking about...
I mean this stuff is ridiculous, it is like todays discovery channel(I give him props for not doing that many videos about aliens and alaskan monsters though!)!!!
@@TarenGarond exactly!!! It makes me so mad that they won’t even take the time to make sure they are actually stating FACTS, and not just stitch together a couple of headlines from Buzzfeed articles mixed with misinterpreted wikipedia articles...
As I understand that the video is meant for the average audience to get the idea, some analogy...like 5:12 is a bit inaccurate, but still makes sense. Anyway, the real in-cylinder pressure profile looks like a mountain shape and plotted against crank angle degree (CAD). The change between 2 pressure profiles at same rpm & bmep, unless exaggerate it, is very subtle. Unless plotting in rate of heat release, it's so difficult to see the different just looking at in-cylinder pressure alone. Anyway, I still like the effort in making this video ;)
Loving these F1 videos! Keep them coming!
I always been a petrolhead but discovering you channel... senna's and alonso's drivings skills, f1's bizzar engine , brakes discs, clever engineers.. man, I really owe you at least a beer for sharing your knowledge!
Imagine getting disqualified on a COOL DOWN LAP 😩😭😂
"Rocket fuel" was just a nickname. Toluene is not used as a rocket propellant. The rocket clips used in this video are of the Falcon 9, which uses kerosene.
The technique of super-cooling the fuel _is_ actually used in rockets (specifically the same Falcon 9 used in the video clips)
"Paint-thinner fuel" doesn't sound as good I guess.
The fuel situation when it comes to old school F1 is something that is so often overlooked, glad to see a video of such quality on it
You should do a video on the design and engineering of cars through the ages;
What makes me say this, is seeing the old designers using rulers and analogue micrometers etc and drawing on a huge angled desk-then imagining today’s designers sat huddled over a computer using our latest measuring devices!!!
1:26 look at the wheel off guy on the right of the car, he is reaching for his fire extinguisher before even the car has caught fire
That's when you know how much the teams know about the volatility of the fuel.
@@NuclearHeadshot yeah it’s very professional of him
fast hands
if you slow the video down you can see the guy at the rear of the car has already activated his extinguisjer before we see the flames
@@musography6958 didn't even notice that, very professional team
Wondering how messing with a drivers mechanics by telling him to ease off the throttle earlier is better for lap time than having him race at 100% with a slightly weakened turbo
Yeah exactly! Why not just turn down the turbo fort the race and up for qualifying?
I've always loved cars but these videos are getting me back into this sport.
And these were times where in a race weekend teams runned racing and qualifying engines (qualifying engines were the most powerful ones obviusly).
The EPA has stated that "that the carcinogenic potential of toluene cannot be evaluated due to insufficient information".
...but the guy in the mailroom who opened the box the sample came in is now dead and the mailroom is still on fire.
7:57The cars were animals 😅🤣
Animals you had to try and catch with one hand!...
Fantastic vid!
Just remember de Angelis won in Austria in 1982 for his first win, narrowly holding off Rosberg!
Hi, I am a chemist and dealing with toluene and alkanes (where normal petrol is composed of) on a daily basis.
I do have to say that I disagree with putting the emphasis on the dangers of toluene. Alkanes in normal fuel are just as carcinogenic as toluene.
That just gotta be one of the smartest moves ever
The rockets shown run on RP1 (kerosene) and oxygen. Toluene doesn't seem to ever be used in rockets.
I'm glad someone pointed it out, yes Toulene is used in jet fuel, not rockets
@@Voltikz95 Toluene is not even used in jet fuel (its boiling point is too low and its hydrogen/carbon ratio is also relatively low, which would result in a low smoke point value and a resulting increase in hot section thermal stress) . It is a common to see toluene as a significant minor component in Aviation Gasoline.
@@robmidgley ahh, I always thought it was used in the very early days of jet fighters before they found a better method, but thank you for pointing that out
@@robmidgley thank you for your many informative posts on this video. It's great to have a few experts around; something usually missing from the online world, where everyone is a Google expert 👍👌😏😉
Space X does the fuel freezing trick on the falcon 9 rocket. The liquid oxygen and RP-1 (rocket grade kerosene) are chilled to just above their freezing points, and then loaded shortly before launch so that they have extra propellant on board without making the rocket bigger.
That fuel smelled so good ! I remember the Montreal grand-prix of 1984. My first one.
80s were mechanics and drivers era now it's all ecu No mechanics No drivers
Yup. I stopped watching F1 in 2013 before the hybrid era. It was getting boring. I was too young in the 80's but started watching in 93. I've seen all the races from the 80's but the 90's and early 2000's were great too IMO. That being said, I wish F1 had simple aero, big tyres, manual gearbox, V8 - V12, beautiful cars and livery. Ayrton Senna's statement on computers and technology:
"The machines have taken away the character and it is the character that the sponsors and public are looking for. At the top, you have a few characters of conflicting personality; the rest, without good results, don't have any credibility. We must reduce costs so that we return to an era where the emphasis is on people not computers. I want to be challenged by my own limits and by someone who is made of the same skin and bone and where the difference is between brain and experience and adaptation to the course. I do not want to be challenged by someone else's computer. If I give 100% to my driving, which is my hobby as well as my profession, I can compete with anyone, but not computers."
Thanks! This was great! I love how racing teams used to push the limits. I remember a story from the 1970s in NASCAR where, in order to stay within the fuel tank size limits, one of the teams increased the size and length of the fuel lines from the tank to the engine, snaking it around and around, using a larger diameter tube, simply adding just a bit more volume of gasoline for that extra advantage. When NASCAR found out, of course they "adjusted" the rules again :).
Smokey yunick the 🐐
I actually use toluene as octane booster In my triumph I run anywhere between 10-35% toluene rest as 99octane super unleaded
Makes a huge difference to the car and the blue flames are worth it
I get it from a chemical seller for like £1.4 a litre for 99.5%pure that 0.5% is water and it helps manage temps better than 100% pure
Definitely not for a normal car it eats normal fuel hoses, and cars not designed to take it should defo not run it i re engineered a lot of my cars engine and was basically forced to it as my compression ratio went up from 11:1 to 13.8:1 last minute with a piston i didnt expect
Another great video from this channel.
Just wanna say, toluene is actually one of the biggest components in gasoline (still less than 40%). It's not really accurate to call it rocket fuel. It's sold as a paint thinner in hardware stores and actually makes for an excellent octane booster.
It’s also a plastic solvent used in some model making cements and filler putties.
"Rrrroket ship" - Alonso 2018
Super interesting! Nicely presented :)
Thanks for the video very interesting
nowdays : rules limit extreme creativity
Or expand the creativity instead(?). They would always find the way
Creativity are limitless
No rules creates copycats
Dude... some of the most creative and impressive solutions in F1 have come because of rules and limits. And evening out the chances between the higher and lower teams regularly with changes promotes the teams to constantly find solutions to get ahead of the curve instead of the higher tier teams just pulling away from the rest
F1 is still in large parts an engineering competition, that whole "lol the rules are ruining that" is such a shit take because rules have been "ruining" that since the sport has fucking come to exist.
Creativity comes from boundaries and rules. Not the other way around. You may wanted to say instead: Cool monstrous machines are made from unrestricted grounds in certain areas. But even then is quite subjective.
9:28 the moment i realize the video is flipped cause Catalunya looked so weird
Trinitrotoluene (TNT), or more specifically 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene,
Literally explosive in solid form.
When you said rocket fuel I thought immediately of hydrazine. 50’s & 60’s drag racers used it and it really is rocket fuel. Cans of it would blow up in the pits!
Btw Toulene is also used for paint thinner.... The one used in rockets is RP1 which is classified as kerosene but had a ring of toulene in it....
Somthing about 1%. The other propellant is Hydrogen, a mix of hypergolic fluid or recentrly methane. This is the liquid rocket fuel I know.
@@SlocketSeven Toluene - seems several people have a problem spelling or saying this word.
1:10 round steering wheel, analogue clocks on the (actual) dash, and does his hand go to a stick gear shifter?
Yes, probably an H pattern.
Yes. Monaco GP had drivers driving with one hand on the shifter for most of the lap.
No abs or traction control either.
@@andgate2000 There is no abs or traction control in current F1 either.
To protect against carcinogenic fumes the techs wore protective gear, yet the drivers breathed in said fumes for 90 minutes straight off of the tail pipes of other cars on the track, since engines (particularly turbocharged ones, which need slightly richer air to fuel ratios) don't burn fuel completely. Aah the 80's, good ol days.
7:58 - the wonderful sight of the Brabham 'swarm of bees' tailing the car during qualifying. The days of the magic 1bhp per cc or, as here, 1500bhp from a 1500cc engine...
car: has a 1500hp and runs on rocket fuel
me: THAT'S THE F1 !
It never was.
Tolueno was never used as rocket fuel and it was 1500hp in qualify, they had to race with 700hp otherwise the cars wouldn't make to lap 10.
@@williandossantos7740 No car made 1,500 hp. BMW might have got to 1,400. They might even have got 1,450. But nobody got to 1,500, much less a whole grid full.
Never ran on rocket fuel either.
Woah dude get your facts straight, especially when it's about the death of a driver and his first win.. smh R.i.P. Elio
Amazing video. Wealth of very interesting information. I feel smarter than I did before watching this!
wow, good content. very well put together
Very interesting. Always enjoy these videos.
Quick one....Toluene, not “Tolulene” 😉
Gets my goat when thats wrong too. I'm waiting for a reply regarding being taught about toluenr being a rocket fuel too. :)
Oh What I would give to have lived in the 80’s race era :(
Love this topic! Enjoyed it 😋
I did a dissertation on the evolution of F1 safety over the years and the aspect on what fuels they had been using made my jaw drop. The most astonishing being Toluene. When trinitrofied, it forms the material Trinitrotoluene, TNT, which is used for explosives in the military