One crucial thing to be mentioned about the Mihna is that one of it's main factor is the interreligious dialogue. As more and more territory was gained by the empire, Ahlul-Kitab (Jews and Christian, as well as other monotheists) and non-Muslim became more involved and familiar with Islam and vice-versa. This naturally led the intense debate between muslims and others. The concept of Quranic createdness which is the foundation of the Mihna was most likely an argument against Christian. Since Christian believed Jesus is the "Word of God", reincarnated into a human body, they argued that Jesus and God is co-eternal; meaning Jesus is always existed with God since the beginning. And as the Quran also alludes to the same phraseology, calling Jesus ('Isa) as "Kalimatuhu" ('[God's] Word'; Q4: 171) or "Kalimatin minhu" ('A Word from [God]'; Q3: 45), it is highly possible that Christians, who lived under the caliphate for more than century at that point, will use these instances in the Quran to support their claim of Jesus' ('Isa's) divinity. I think the higher-ups within the Abbasid caliphate, most of whom are a seeker of knowledge, must think that it is their duty as an intellectual to find a way to argue this point once and for all - resulting in the concept of Quranic createdness. Because, if the Quran - which is the Word of God - is created, finite and not eternal, then Jesus - as the "Kalimatullah" (also the 'Word of God') - is also created, finite and not eternal, therefore not divine and inferior to God. And the Mihna is kind of like an unintended consequences of this debate with the Christian. While the higher-ups of the caliphate are doing their debate to protect Islam, some imams - like Ibn Hanbal - must be unaware of this affair, but take the stance on the issue with internal argument within Islam. Meaning, while the Al-Ma'mun and his philosopher and courtier are protecting Islamic monotheism against Christian trinitarianism, Ibn Hanbal must thought that he protect the pure unadulterated Islam against the invention (bid'ah) of Islam that the caliph trying to coerce muslims to adopt. At this day and age I think we should reconsider what the Al-Ma'mun done, which is to look at Islam not as isolated or only internally, but thinking of how non-Muslim will think and will use against Islam, of course we also must denounce the oppression against those who differs from us, too. But we can no longer think in terms of muslim and non-muslim, heaven-hell, or us-them, but we should provide an intellectual argument in any discussion about Islam, whether the opponents were muslim or non-muslim.
Dude Quran created argument is such an easy argument to refute the issue is the Christians adopted greek rationalism and used it to approach issue with the flawed thinking process
Except its more complicated than that. You're painting maamun to be much better than he is. Maamun was not trying to protect tauhid, he was targeting the authority of the scripture. If it is established that quran is a creation and therefore finite, one can establish that there are things outside the purview of quran, and the teachings of quran would not be relevant in some places and in some times. This means that the ruling class gets to makes whatever decisions they want, and the ulama will not be able to question them because the umara does not need the sanction of the quran. Without understanding this political context, you will not 6 why and what Hambal was defending and why there was popular support in favour of him. Scripture must be protected, because the access to Scripture which belongs to everyone is one of the ways in which Muslims in tye community gets to legitimately hold people in power accountable for their actions.
Word spread quickly among al-Ma'mun's circles that al-Ma'mun was not sincere in his offer to make Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha the Crown Prince, and that it was simply a political move. Al-Ma'mun also became paranoid and thought that al-Ridha would see through it as well, and so would his Shias. In order to quiet the doubts of the people, al-Ma'mun first offered al-Ridha the caliphate itself. He wrote a letter to the Abbasids, who were displeased with his decision to entrust al-Ridha the seat of the caliphate, saying: Al-Ma’mun did not pledge allegiance to him (al-Ridha) but discerning of his affair, knowing that none on the face of earth is clearer than him in merit, more manifest than him in chastity, more pious than him in piety, more ascetic than him in renouncing the world, freer than him in soul, more pleasing than him to the special associates and the general populace, and firmer than him in Divine essence. The pledge of allegiance to him confirms with the good pleasure of the Lord. Al-Ridha, who knew the real reason of this offer, politely refused it and said: If this caliphate belongs to you, then it is not permissible for you to take off the garment in which Allah has clothed you and to give it to other than you. If the caliphate does not belong to you, then it is not permissible for you to give me that which does not belong to you. Al-Ma'mun kept trying to make his offer seem sincere and kept re-offering the caliphate, and finally moved on to his real plan to make his Crown Prince be Ali al-Ridha. In the document where he pledges allegiance to Ali al-Ridha, Ma'mun writes: His (al-Ma’mu’n’s) choosing ‘Ali b. Musa’ b. Ja‘far b. Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. al-Husayn b. ‘Ali b. Abu’ Ta’lib was after asking Allah for the best and exerting himself in accomplishing His right toward His servants and His Earth concerning the two houses in general (i.e., the ‘Abba’sid House and the ‘Alawide Family, may Allah increase it in honor). That is because he (al-Ma’mu’n) has seen his (the Imam’s) brilliant excellence, his plain knowledge, his manifest piety, his pure asceticism, his renouncing the world, and his being safe from the people. It has become clear for him that reports, tongues, and words have unanimously agreed upon his candidacy. Besides, he knew of his excellence as a youth and through adolescence, so he has appointed him as his successor after him. When Imam al-Ridha also declined this position, al-Ma'mun threatened him saying "Your ancestor Ali was chosen by the second caliph to be in a six member council to elect the third caliph, and ordered to kill any one of the six who didn't comply. If you do not accept the position of Crown Prince in my government, I will follow through on the same threat". Al-Ridha said he would accept, under the condition that none of the affairs of government would be his. He would neither appoint anyone, nor dismiss. He would not rule, or pass laws. He would only be Crown Prince in name. Al-Ma'mun became happy that al-Ridha had accepted and would stay out of his way in governing, and agreed to the condition. Mamun was not a shia but a greedy power hungry fool
Assalamualaikum from Bangladesh, This channel's video is so informative and I personally like it. I also like to watch an episode covering the history of Sultanate of Bengal.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT Bengal is an unique place. It became world richest area for hundred of years by the contribution of Buddist Pala - Hindu Sena- Muslim saltanate dynasties and then British-Pakistani colonial era divided Bengal, made it poorest area.
@@mrfact03s really ? 24 years of looting from Bangladesh, whole islamabad was build on Bangladesh money , billions and billions dollars of jute, agricultural, shipping materials are looted by Pakis. After 1971 Pakistan became poor because cash cow Bangladesh was liberated, separated from murtad Pakistan
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 3 of 3 09:39 Ia telah hilang dalam terjemahan. 09:41 Oleh itu, al-Mamun menugaskan sebuah pasukan untuk melakukan penyelidikan baru dan mencari keliling 09:46 Bumi. 09:47 Hasilnya sekitar 20,160 batu. 09:50 Kita tahu sekarang bahawa jaraknya sebenarnya 24.900 batu. 09:53 Walaupun begitu, kita tidak tahu berapa lama masa itu sejauh satu batu, kita mempunyai perkara yang sama 09:59 masalah bahawa al-Mamun pernah menjadi Stadia. 10:01 Pada salah satu kempennya melawan Bizantium, dia menugaskan percubaan lain untuk dikira 10:06 lilitan bumi dengan mengukur masa antara matahari terbenam di permukaan laut dan di atas 10:11 Gunung. 10:12 Malangnya, hasil percubaan itu belum sampai kepada kami. 10:15 Semasa berada di Khorasan, dia telah menanggung tiga anak lelaki astronomnya Musa 10:21 ibn Shakir mendidik, setelah dia meninggal. 10:24 Ketiga-tiga lelaki itu kemudiannya dikenali sebagai saudara Banu Musa dan mereka memberikan banyak sumbangan 10:28 ke bidang mekanik. 10:30 Buku Peranti mereka yang cerdik mengandungi beratus rajah untuk mesin yang, dalam satu bentuk 10:35 atau yang lain, kita masih menggunakan, misalnya, poros engkol. 10:38 Cerita untuk masa yang lain. 10:39 Jelas, peranan al-Mamun dalam pengembangan Aljabar melalui naungan al-Khwarizmi 10:44 telah dibincangkan dalam video lain. 10:47 Dia juga menugaskan sebuah pekerjaan lengkap mengenai geografi, sekali lagi, membangun karya-karya lama. 10:51 Geografi al-Mamun, seperti buku itu disebut, belum bertahan dalam bentuk aslinya 10:56 tetapi kami mempunyai beberapa kepingan. 10:58 Sebagai contoh, mereka mengukur koordinat Mekah dan Baghdad yang sangat dekat 11:02 kepada pengiraan moden. 11:03 Pada akhirnya, dia dikenang kerana sumbangannya kepada sains daripada yang lain. 11:08 Dia mempunyai kawah yang dinamakan sempena bulan itu. 11:11 Pada tahun 833CE, al-Mamun bertekad untuk memperoleh keuntungan tetap di Anatolia. 11:16 Dia memutuskan untuk menduduki kota Tyana yang disebut Kemerhisar hari ini. 11:20 Anehnya, dia merekrut pasukan dari Syria untuk kempen ini. 11:23 Namun, kemajuan tetap yang ingin dilakukannya tidak pernah datang. 11:27 Pada 9 Ogos 833CE, Khalifah al-Mamun meninggal dunia. 11:31 Dia mengalami demam secara tiba-tiba dan meninggal dalam satu atau dua hari ketika berkempen menjelang zaman moden 11:36 bandar Pozanti di Turki. 11:39 Dia berumur empat puluh enam tahun. 11:54 Masalahnya adalah penggantiannya agak rumit, sedikitnya. 11:59 Anaknya, Abbas (عباس) adalah komandan yang dihiasi dan merupakan pemimpin kempen ini 12:03 juga. 12:04 Namun, saudara al-Mamun Abu Ishaq, pemimpin Turki, bersama al-Mamun ketika itu 12:08 dia meninggal dan dia menyatakan bahawa al-Mamun telah menjadikannya pewarisnya. 12:12 Abbas tidak mahu menjatuhkan kerajaan ke perang saudara yang lain, jadi dia memutuskan untuk bersumpah 12:17 kesetiaan kepada bapa saudaranya. 12:18 Abu Ishaq mengambil gelaran regu atau Laqab, sebagaimana disebut, al-Mutasim (المعتصم). 12:28 Jumpa lagi lain kali.
Mamoun Alabasi is not Shia, he actually killed the Shia Imam Ali bin Musa Alreza (one of the defendants of the prophet of Allah and one of the 12 imams)
Nice video 👍. Is it possible to make a video about the madhabs (Hanafi, Shafi, Hanbeli, Maliki)? If you dedicate one video to each madhab and explain what it is in detail and after you have done them all, make a video comparing the differences?
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy. Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :) Link to book: www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
Al-Ma'mun was a Mu'tazilite, which I can understand the confusion given how many Mu'tazilites would become later Shia. But the Mu'tazilite, unlike the Shia, are philosophers. Who believed that the only way for philosophy to thrive in Islam is through interpreting the Quran and Hadith.
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 2 of 3 04:23 Dia terkenal memerintahkan sebuah terowong yang digali ke dalam piramid besar untuk melihat apa yang ada di dalamnya. 04:27 Sekarang, di sini, mari kita bincangkan tentang al-Mamun dan jenis penguasa yang menurutnya seharusnya. 04:32 Pada masa ini, ada perselisihan yang mulai muncul di dunia Muslim. 04:36 Siapa, jika ada, yang berhak menyatakan penghakiman atas nama Tuhan? 04:41 Ada yang percaya bahawa Imam, yang secara harfiah bermaksud pemimpin atau pembimbing, memiliki bimbingan ilahi 04:45 dalam bidang perundangan. 04:46 Dengan kata lain, Tuhan berbicara melalui mereka dan apa sahaja yang mereka katakan adalah kehendak Tuhan. 04:51 Sebilangan besar orang ini percaya bahawa Imam tergolong dalam barisan lelaki di zaman Nabi 04:56 keluarga. 04:57 Ali al-Rida, pewaris yang ditunjuk al-Mamun adalah salah seorang. 05:00 Kumpulan ini kemudian menjadi yang kita kenal sebagai Syiah. 05:03 Kumpulan yang lain tidak mempercayai petunjuk ilahi Imam. 05:06 Sebaliknya, sesiapa sahaja boleh menjadi imam dengan cukup belajar mengenai Al-Quran dan Hadis, nabi 05:11 ucapan dan tindakan. 05:12 Anda juga tidak semestinya berasal dari keturunan nabi. 05:15 Hari ini, terdapat empat mazhab fikrah Islam utama di kalangan Sunni, Hanafi, 05:20 orang Maliki, Syafi'i dan Hanbali. 05:23 Keempat-empatnya akan didirikan sebelum pemerintahan al-Mamun berakhir. 05:27 Kumpulan ini kemudian menjadi yang kita kenali sebagai Sunni. 05:30 Al-Mamun telah didedahkan kepada idea bahawa Imam mempunyai bimbingan ilahi sebagai seorang anak dan 05:35 dia telah mengambilnya. 05:36 Khalifah Abbasiyah menganggap diri mereka sebagai imam juga tetapi mereka tidak pernah benar-benar 05:40 cuba menjatuhkan penilaian atas nama Tuhan. 05:43 Mereka mempunyai hakim dalam hal itu yang menafsirkan Al-Quran dan Hadis. 05:47 Al-Mamun mahu mengubahnya. 05:49 Dia ingin mempengaruhi fekah Islam secara aktif. 05:52 Dia ingin menjadi seperti Imam Syiah sejak dia berasal dari keluarga nabi. 05:56 Walaupun, proto-Syiah percaya bahawa anda harus keturunan nabi tetapi 05:59 baik, al-Mamun hanya mengabaikan bahagian itu. 06:02 Dia sangat pro-Alid. 06:03 Antara lain, dia mengembalikan sebahagian harta mereka di Arabia dan dia menghalalkannya kepada orang ramai 06:07 mengutuk Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (معاویہ ابن ابو سفیان), pengasas 06:10 dinasti Umayyah. 06:12 Dia bahkan membenarkan praktik Nikah al-Mut’ah (نكاح المتعة) yang merupakan jangka masa tetap 06:15 perkahwinan berdasarkan kontrak (kadang-kadang lisan) yang masih diamalkan di kalangan Syiah. 06:20 Seperti yang ditulis oleh Michael Cooperson… 07:26 Proto-Sunni, yang majoritinya, sangat harfiah ketika membaca Al-Quran dan 07:31 hadis. 07:32 Mereka tidak memberikan banyak ruang untuk tafsiran. 07:34 Al-Mamun menentang itu. 07:35 Walaupun dia berpendapat bahawa hadis itu boleh dipercayai, dia juga mengatakan bahawa beberapa hadis lebih dipercayai 07:40 daripada yang lain. 07:41 Seluruh isu menjadi satu perbahasan. 07:42 Adakah Al-Quran itu diciptakan oleh Allah atau pernah ada? 07:47 Soalan ini adalah penyederhanaan yang berlebihan dari perbahasan oleh al-Mamun. 07:51 Al-Mamun percaya bahawa Al-Quran diciptakan dan diturunkan kepada nabi dan demikian juga 07:55 ruang untuk tafsiran kerana masa berubah. 07:57 Namun, jika itu selalu ada, waktu tidak memperhitungkannya, tidak ada ruang untuk penafsiran. 08:04 Sasterawan tidak betul-betul percaya bahawa Al-Quran selalu ada seperti yang ditegaskan oleh al-Mamun 08:09 bahawa mereka percaya tetapi perbahasan itu tidak dapat dilaksanakan ketika Mihna menjadi kenyataan. 08:13 Mihna bermaksud ujian atau percubaan. 08:15 Pada tahun 833CE, tahun al-Mamun mati, dia menulis sepucuk surat dari Raqqa kepada gabenornya 08:21 di Baghdad untuk menyoal pegawai mahkamah, badan kehakiman dan para sarjana mengenai kepercayaan mereka 08:25 mengenai ciptaan Al-Quran. 08:28 Kami tidak tahu dengan tepat berapa banyak orang yang disoal siasat. 08:30 Majoriti penduduk tidak setuju dengan kepercayaan al-Mamun tetapi mereka tidak mempunyai pilihan. 08:35 Mereka yang awalnya menentang kemudian menyerah ketika khalifah memerintahkan pelaksanaannya. 08:40 Semua kecuali dua orang menukar kedudukan mereka sebagai khalifah. 08:43 Salah satunya adalah Ahmad ibn Hanbal. 08:45 Mereka dimasukkan ke dalam rantai dan dihantar ke khalifah walaupun, di tengah perjalanan mereka, 08:49 berita sampai kepada mereka bahawa khalifah telah meninggal. 08:51 Kedua ulama dibebaskan oleh pengganti al-Mamun 08:54 Hari ini, al-Mamun dianggap sebagai khalifah Sunni dan Mihna-nya dianggap sebagai penyesatan sesat 09:00 daripada percubaan sistemik untuk mengubah inti Islam atau paling tidak, Khilafah Abbasiyah. 09:06 Tidak ada khalifah Abbasiyah yang kini dikenali sebagai Imam. 09:09 Sebaliknya keempat-empat orang yang membentuk Sekolah Pemikiran itu disebut Imam oleh kaum Sunni 09:13 dan mereka yang berada dalam barisan keturunan nabi dipanggil Imam oleh Syiah. 09:17 Pada akhirnya, Mihna akan gagal dan proto-Sunni akan menang. 09:22 Al-Mamun juga sangat berminat dalam bidang sains dan secara peribadi mengetahui dan mempelajari pelbagai mata pelajaran. 09:27 Salah satu kisah kegemaran saya ialah dia membaca karya Ptolemy di mana keliling Bumi 09:31 dicatat sebagai 180,000 stadia. 09:35 Dia bertanya kepada penterjemahnya berapa lama Stadion. 09:38 Malangnya, tidak ada yang tahu.
Funny thing is that Columbus argued the world was way smaller than it actually was, and that a route from Europe directly to Asia was possible, using the Arab measurements like the one at 9:46 to affirm his beliefs without realizing or ignoring that the Arabic mile is different to the Latin mile.
1:20 Al Mamun & the Alids 3:00 Change in the Abbasid army (Abna prominence replaced by Turkic slave soldiers) 4:26 The beliefs of Al-Mamun (including the famous story involving Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal) 9:22 Al-Mamun's patronage of science 10:15 Banu Musa brothers (contributed in development of mechanics) 11:56 Succession after Al-Mamun's death
Nice video. Surely the comment section will be a totally respectful and friendly place to be and not filled with debates about Islamic jurispundence at all.
I like this dude. Regardless of his controversial policies and believe, he advanced sciences in the middle age which I believe without him, our world would completely different today.
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23 “Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23 ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
I thought one day I Will make documentaries on islamic history I don't see any channel I am glad to see your work keep it Make more content for your channel
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23 “Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23 ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
one other point to mention, at the time of Al-Mamun the idea of the philosopher-king started to be widely accepted by Islamic philosophers, and give Al-Mamun interest in greek philosophy it's not hard to see him adopting it as his philosophy too, also the Quran issue has nothing to do with Quran changing over time, it was based on a metaphysical issue
Intrestingly that is becouse hes role model was khosrow the first of tge sassanians who was given that title by the greeks and i have wroten one of khusrows storys in my comment if your intrested.
@@arianrezaie4729 a big group of Islamic philosophers wrote about the utopia al-farabi, for example, considers the philosopher-king to be the second level of humanity second only to prophethood at this age even some stories about Plato being a prophet started to show up
@@AlMuqaddimahYT also some scholars consider him the first ruler to ruin Islam due to his obsession with philosophy. they even wrote about how philosophy ruins nations by making them picker over mear ideas
Good video. You can delve more deeply in the matter of religious authority in islam. It has interesting ramifications. For example, ismaieeli shias had radicalized the "nas" based authority which relies on the belief that Allah has appointed imam to the degree that during the reign of al hakim, some of them slipped towards diefication of imam/caliph al hakim. All and all, the matter of religious authority is the base for all the fitnas in dar al islam and it deserves more videos. I love your vids brother. From tehran, with love.
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23 “Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23 ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
Nice, there are so few good English videos about the Minha, but I think it really explains a whole lot of why Islam is like it is today. Any progressive idea for hundreds of years were strangled in their grave due to the backlash to this. Islam is still wounded.
Sometimes I wonder why there are not any Arab/Muslim youtubers building the things in these books of ingenious devices from the Islamic Golden Age... They are basically instruction on how to build stuff right? I feel like there would be a audience for that...
Really liked the discussion of the Sunni-Shia disagreements. Was there any real chance that the Sunni and Shia could ever be reconciled back then or had the ship already set sail?
I think it sailed when the Prophet passed away. If not then, maybe when Hussain was killed or when al-Mansur, al-Mamun's great-grandfather killed like 2 dozen members of the Alid dynasty. Although, at this point, Sunnis had developed the four madhabs so, I think it was too far gone for the Shia and Sunni theology to reconcile.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy. Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :) Link to book: www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
From what I read, Al Mamun was mu'tazilite not shi'ite, the mu'tazila didn't have anything to do with shi'a at first, on the contrary their doctrine that everything must be submited to reason first clashed with the shi'a core concept of the divine right to rule of Ahl al Bayt. Only after losing power after the mihna they became disenfranchized and had to seek refuge with the shi'a who were basically taking in all the underdogs if it meant more power to contend with the caliphal establishment. Al Mamun tried to appease the shi'a with political gestures and even to merge the Imamate with the caliphate to be rid of the schism but it didn't work, the conflict after all being political and not theologic, but he never intended to concede power or even a part of it.
one day Ahmad ibn Hanbal came to al Mamun's court weeping and crying, people asked, "what happened"? "The Qur'an died", he replied. Confused and equally raged Al Mamun exclaimed, "how is that possible, what do you mean". Ibn Hanbal aksed, " Don't you believe Qur'an to be created"? "yes", the caliph replied without hesitation, then ibn Hanbal recited, " Every Soul Shall Taste Death". [Qur'an 29:57]
@Mutazili shoes are not created. Shoes are made. Shoes are alteration of leather, and as far as it's form is considered, it "dies" or gets "destroyed" when it is broken. By your logic, nothing dies. If someone dies, you will point to tye corpse of that person to say that "look he's not dead yet"
The only other ruler i know that was as pro science as him is Khusrow the first who went to war with the byzenrines at one point so they would agree that the scholars who had migrated to persia from rome (rome had just recently banned pagan teachings at this point)should be protected to visit their homes when they're feeling homesick I dont know if this story inspired Al-Mamun or not but im guessing it did. Also intrestingly most shias belive that all the imams were assassinated which became the reason the last imam disappeared and thats the reason why they hate al-mamun becouse they see him as the only candidate for killing imam reza.
arian rezaie I mean there were many others. Like Abdul Rehman II in al Andalus, he loved science and arts and during his time the first man who attempted to fly. I’m surprised you don’t know about harun al rashid, he is probably one of the first to come to mind, it was at his time when the golden age of Islam was at its peak, in terms of science, religion, etc.
I was thought that al-Ma'mun was Mu'tazilite rather than Shi'ite. You guys should know that Umayyad clashes with Rashiduun Caliphate. All the Jahm, Murji'ah, Jabariyyah came from that follower of the Government. While Ahlu Bayt and Sahaba always on Sunnah to brings the right of the Ummah upon Caliphates, not the Monarchs.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT i am afraid you have heavy anti shia tendency , i am not a shia and i against shia, i also have anti shia tendency , but some anti shia doing bad things due to their hatred, we shouldn't doing injustice due to our hatred ,some muslim accusing tamerlane of being shia and connecting his brutality with shiism , i know he said he killing people of damascus in purpose to avenging Husain r.a , but that's only jistification, sometimes he using mongol idiology , i hope you're not linking al ma'mun mihnah to shiism , if he a shia why didn't he gave his throne to any shia ? Maybe i wronged you
@@bosbanon3452 Al mamun set the 8th Shia Imam, Imam Ali al Ridha as his successor to stop the Shia revolts but he was pressured into poisoning him so he wasn't replaced by his uncle.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy. Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :) Link to book: www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
Could the divide in the court between blacks and greens inspired George R.R. Martin to create the black and green Targaryens in the dance of the dragons? 🤔
Its a very valuable piece of work but please correct the dictation on arabic writings including haruns name which is wrongly written barun.also the sacred building in mecca is called kaaba not ghaaba
He was not shia for even a second of his life . He was hanafi in fiqh and mutaziliite in aqeeda. However when mutaziliites were prosecuted in latter abbasid period many of them took shia platform for their ideas . Mutaziliites have some theological similarities with shiites ( zaidiyyah ) hence the given confusion.
In fact, he was a Mu’tazilite, not a Shiite, and the Mu’tazila are a sect influenced by the Greek philosophers, and they are among the people of theology, but they are worse than the Maturidis and Ash’aris because they put reason and rational interpretation at the expense of the Qur’an and the Prophet’s hadith
I love how you say that thay are 'worse' because they use their rationality more than Ash'aris and Maturidis, as if reason is a bad thing, no one the Islamic civilization did not rise again.
You should mention Fazl ibn sahl the vizir of al mamun was Iranian from sarakhs!! And also his brother Hussein ibn sahl the govener of baghdad.they mostly controlled al mamun !! And al mamun commanded to kill fazl ibn sahl when he was in way to back from khorasan area to baghdad. Also the killer of al_amin was also Iranian Persian sunni muslim from Herat city (modern day Afghanistan) Taher who become the founder of Tahyrid dynasty from 821 CE to 873 CE Al mamun probably beacuse her mother was Iranian ,he cared about them more than other caliphs and from his reign we seeing the revival of Iranian Empires Tahyrid _Safarid_Samanid _Buyid and ziarid dynasty.....and from his REIGN abbasid caliphate started to lose the khorasan region
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23 “Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23 ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
@@globalviewstv896 Al Mamun was a typical dictator and fake imam. The real Imam of the time appointed by God was Imam Ali al Ridha, whether people accepted him or not at that time was to their own demise or benefit. The Prophet says if you die without recognizing the Imam of your time, you die as a Jahil. Yet people stopped following the Prophet's orders and made innovations to follow companions instead.
Al mamun was not shia neither did he influence shias. If making mutah legal or prefering Ali over other sahaba makes you shia then many sahaba were Shia by that standard since many Sahaba accepted Mutah and prefered Ali above Abu bakr and Umar. Some sahaba even prefered Ali for the leadership like zubayr, banu hashim etc.
Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr era of ruling had mutah as legal. This means nothing. It’s important to think that mamun can’t be a shia because he killed Imam Ali Raza (AS). No shia here or then could support that type of atrocities. Its stupid to think about it
@@rajeshbande1136 Well, in sha Allah he fixes this. He has a channel in an early stage. If he uses inaccurate images in such an early stage, he basically is giving the impression that he doesn't know what he is talking about. Of course, in reality he is just using the images because accurate images are difficult to find, and he wants to use images because it enhances the viewer experience. But it's better to not use images than to ruin your channel's reputation. Especially a history channel, where the use of reliable and accurate sources are nr 1 priority.
The debate about Quran’s creation is very similar to the debates in Christianity about the nature of Christ. They all seem so trivial to our modern mind.
Its incorrect to assume that the earlier Sunnis were literalist and had no room for interpretation - this was mainly a shafiite and hanbalite view, and contradicts the practices of Imam Malik and Imam Abu Hanifa
El Bandito that’s a false assumption , a religion being perfect does not necessitate in any way that it must have perfect followers , and perfection in humans is impossible in a divine free of fault or mistake sense, so regardless of wether the religion is perfect or not , there will always be splits because the followers will always be inherently imperfect, so islam having splits among its followers does not negate its’ perfection as a religion
@@hassamkkkk5721 A perfect religion created by the perfect being would have converted the globe by now, cause if God was omniscient and omnipotent he would have accounted for every variables. Heck, just the fact God wants us to slog through this mess of a world, experiencing all manner of misery (bone cancer in children, really God?) and have most of us suffer in hell for eternity, instead of just filling us with divinity and get us into heaven shows us that God is either omnipotent but not all-good, or all-good but not omnipotent.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy. Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :) Link to book: www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
Great video; but the matter of recognizing imams was not that simple in the 9th century. Before and during the Early Abassid times there were already a wide number of groups that recognized various imamic lines; most of them projecting imamhood and even al-Mahdi status on al-Saffah or his general Abu Muslim. That is, after all, how the abassids came to power, with the strong support of early shi'a persianate revolutionaries; who al-Saffah and especially al-Mahdi persecuted after they revolted again due to their immamite pretentions not being validated.
Those who think that our abbasid ancestors were tyrant are deluded and bigot of highest order forgetting the fact that we all have become worst kind of tyrants in our current lives ......
Al-Mamun was a Persian-Arab Muatazilah with Pro-Alid tendencies since Muatazilah are not a fixed-sect like Sunnis & Shias, there are Pro-Ali Muatazilahs & Pro-Abu-Bakr Muatazilah! Al-Mamun started as a Pro-Ali Muatazilah. Muatazilah use Aql & Naql when it comes to Hadiths & Quranic interpretation based on the times they are living in, hence it was a Golden Age of Islam during that period. Muatazilah as a rational school of thought that were inspired by Greek & Indian Philosophy, and were of the secular softer offshoot of the violent Khawarij.
That's an interesting thought. I think it might not have been that big of a problem in Baghdad (although, it was hot too) but certainly, in Khorasan, it would've been really bad to wear black.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT I'm honored that you responded. Let me just take the time to say that I'm very impressed by the depth of your analysis'. Your Al-Andalus series was spectacular. I rarely see Al-Andalus or any other Islamic history covered with empathy for the concerns of either side. It's always either pro-Islam or pro-Christain with some token mention or dismissal of the other side's grievance. Yet I never got that from you. While you may never get to it (I know you're inundated with requests, and by people who aren't even offering to pay, lol). I hope you find the time to cover the history of James Brooke of Sarawak. He was a 19th-century Indo-British trader/explorer who created a Kingdom that would become Borneo Malaysia (And is the reason Brunai is so small). The geopolitical situation that gave rise to a Christian ruling over Muslims and pagans in the dense jungle has always reminded me of the rise of the Ottomans. I could also provide a PDF by Steve Runciman of their history if you were so inclined.
One crucial thing to be mentioned about the Mihna is that one of it's main factor is the interreligious dialogue. As more and more territory was gained by the empire, Ahlul-Kitab (Jews and Christian, as well as other monotheists) and non-Muslim became more involved and familiar with Islam and vice-versa. This naturally led the intense debate between muslims and others. The concept of Quranic createdness which is the foundation of the Mihna was most likely an argument against Christian.
Since Christian believed Jesus is the "Word of God", reincarnated into a human body, they argued that Jesus and God is co-eternal; meaning Jesus is always existed with God since the beginning. And as the Quran also alludes to the same phraseology, calling Jesus ('Isa) as "Kalimatuhu" ('[God's] Word'; Q4: 171) or "Kalimatin minhu" ('A Word from [God]'; Q3: 45), it is highly possible that Christians, who lived under the caliphate for more than century at that point, will use these instances in the Quran to support their claim of Jesus' ('Isa's) divinity. I think the higher-ups within the Abbasid caliphate, most of whom are a seeker of knowledge, must think that it is their duty as an intellectual to find a way to argue this point once and for all - resulting in the concept of Quranic createdness.
Because, if the Quran - which is the Word of God - is created, finite and not eternal, then Jesus - as the "Kalimatullah" (also the 'Word of God') - is also created, finite and not eternal, therefore not divine and inferior to God.
And the Mihna is kind of like an unintended consequences of this debate with the Christian. While the higher-ups of the caliphate are doing their debate to protect Islam, some imams - like Ibn Hanbal - must be unaware of this affair, but take the stance on the issue with internal argument within Islam. Meaning, while the Al-Ma'mun and his philosopher and courtier are protecting Islamic monotheism against Christian trinitarianism, Ibn Hanbal must thought that he protect the pure unadulterated Islam against the invention (bid'ah) of Islam that the caliph trying to coerce muslims to adopt.
At this day and age I think we should reconsider what the Al-Ma'mun done, which is to look at Islam not as isolated or only internally, but thinking of how non-Muslim will think and will use against Islam, of course we also must denounce the oppression against those who differs from us, too. But we can no longer think in terms of muslim and non-muslim, heaven-hell, or us-them, but we should provide an intellectual argument in any discussion about Islam, whether the opponents were muslim or non-muslim.
Dude Quran created argument is such an easy argument to refute the issue is the Christians adopted greek rationalism and used it to approach issue with the flawed thinking process
@@OSAUL How would you refute it?
Except its more complicated than that. You're painting maamun to be much better than he is. Maamun was not trying to protect tauhid, he was targeting the authority of the scripture. If it is established that quran is a creation and therefore finite, one can establish that there are things outside the purview of quran, and the teachings of quran would not be relevant in some places and in some times. This means that the ruling class gets to makes whatever decisions they want, and the ulama will not be able to question them because the umara does not need the sanction of the quran. Without understanding this political context, you will not 6 why and what Hambal was defending and why there was popular support in favour of him. Scripture must be protected, because the access to Scripture which belongs to everyone is one of the ways in which Muslims in tye community gets to legitimately hold people in power accountable for their actions.
Quran and Sunnah > Philosophy and “Rationalism”. Who cares about what others think, we don’t need to change the religion to refute them
Word spread quickly among al-Ma'mun's circles that al-Ma'mun was not sincere in his offer to make Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha the Crown Prince, and that it was simply a political move. Al-Ma'mun also became paranoid and thought that al-Ridha would see through it as well, and so would his Shias. In order to quiet the doubts of the people, al-Ma'mun first offered al-Ridha the caliphate itself. He wrote a letter to the Abbasids, who were displeased with his decision to entrust al-Ridha the seat of the caliphate, saying:
Al-Ma’mun did not pledge allegiance to him (al-Ridha) but discerning of his affair, knowing that none on the face of earth is clearer than him in merit, more manifest than him in chastity, more pious than him in piety, more ascetic than him in renouncing the world, freer than him in soul, more pleasing than him to the special associates and the general populace, and firmer than him in Divine essence. The pledge of allegiance to him confirms with the good pleasure of the Lord.
Al-Ridha, who knew the real reason of this offer, politely refused it and said:
If this caliphate belongs to you, then it is not permissible for you to take off the garment in which Allah has clothed you and to give it to other than you. If the caliphate does not belong to you, then it is not permissible for you to give me that which does not belong to you.
Al-Ma'mun kept trying to make his offer seem sincere and kept re-offering the caliphate, and finally moved on to his real plan to make his Crown Prince be Ali al-Ridha. In the document where he pledges allegiance to Ali al-Ridha, Ma'mun writes:
His (al-Ma’mu’n’s) choosing ‘Ali b. Musa’ b. Ja‘far b. Muhammad b. ‘Ali b. al-Husayn b. ‘Ali b. Abu’ Ta’lib was after asking Allah for the best and exerting himself in accomplishing His right toward His servants and His Earth concerning the two houses in general (i.e., the ‘Abba’sid House and the ‘Alawide Family, may Allah increase it in honor). That is because he (al-Ma’mu’n) has seen his (the Imam’s) brilliant excellence, his plain knowledge, his manifest piety, his pure asceticism, his renouncing the world, and his being safe from the people. It has become clear for him that reports, tongues, and words have unanimously agreed upon his candidacy. Besides, he knew of his excellence as a youth and through adolescence, so he has appointed him as his successor after him.
When Imam al-Ridha also declined this position, al-Ma'mun threatened him saying "Your ancestor Ali was chosen by the second caliph to be in a six member council to elect the third caliph, and ordered to kill any one of the six who didn't comply. If you do not accept the position of Crown Prince in my government, I will follow through on the same threat". Al-Ridha said he would accept, under the condition that none of the affairs of government would be his. He would neither appoint anyone, nor dismiss. He would not rule, or pass laws. He would only be Crown Prince in name. Al-Ma'mun became happy that al-Ridha had accepted and would stay out of his way in governing, and agreed to the condition.
Mamun was not a shia but a greedy power hungry fool
Assalamualaikum from Bangladesh,
This channel's video is so informative and I personally like it.
I also like to watch an episode covering the history of Sultanate of Bengal.
I am doing research about that.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT yes, requesting from Kolkata too!
@@AlMuqaddimahYT Bengal is an unique place. It became world richest area for hundred of years by the contribution of Buddist Pala - Hindu Sena- Muslim saltanate dynasties and then British-Pakistani colonial era divided Bengal, made it poorest area.
@@mrfact03s really ? 24 years of looting from Bangladesh, whole islamabad was build on Bangladesh money , billions and billions dollars of jute, agricultural, shipping materials are looted by Pakis. After 1971 Pakistan became poor because cash cow Bangladesh was liberated, separated from murtad Pakistan
1:50 this must be the origin of the expression "once you go black you never go back"
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 3 of 3
09:39
Ia telah hilang dalam terjemahan.
09:41
Oleh itu, al-Mamun menugaskan sebuah pasukan untuk melakukan penyelidikan baru dan mencari keliling
09:46
Bumi.
09:47
Hasilnya sekitar 20,160 batu.
09:50
Kita tahu sekarang bahawa jaraknya sebenarnya 24.900 batu.
09:53
Walaupun begitu, kita tidak tahu berapa lama masa itu sejauh satu batu, kita mempunyai perkara yang sama
09:59
masalah bahawa al-Mamun pernah menjadi Stadia.
10:01
Pada salah satu kempennya melawan Bizantium, dia menugaskan percubaan lain untuk dikira
10:06
lilitan bumi dengan mengukur masa antara matahari terbenam di permukaan laut dan di atas
10:11
Gunung.
10:12
Malangnya, hasil percubaan itu belum sampai kepada kami.
10:15
Semasa berada di Khorasan, dia telah menanggung tiga anak lelaki astronomnya Musa
10:21
ibn Shakir mendidik, setelah dia meninggal.
10:24
Ketiga-tiga lelaki itu kemudiannya dikenali sebagai saudara Banu Musa dan mereka memberikan banyak sumbangan
10:28
ke bidang mekanik.
10:30
Buku Peranti mereka yang cerdik mengandungi beratus rajah untuk mesin yang, dalam satu bentuk
10:35
atau yang lain, kita masih menggunakan, misalnya, poros engkol.
10:38
Cerita untuk masa yang lain.
10:39
Jelas, peranan al-Mamun dalam pengembangan Aljabar melalui naungan al-Khwarizmi
10:44
telah dibincangkan dalam video lain.
10:47
Dia juga menugaskan sebuah pekerjaan lengkap mengenai geografi, sekali lagi, membangun karya-karya lama.
10:51
Geografi al-Mamun, seperti buku itu disebut, belum bertahan dalam bentuk aslinya
10:56
tetapi kami mempunyai beberapa kepingan.
10:58
Sebagai contoh, mereka mengukur koordinat Mekah dan Baghdad yang sangat dekat
11:02
kepada pengiraan moden.
11:03
Pada akhirnya, dia dikenang kerana sumbangannya kepada sains daripada yang lain.
11:08
Dia mempunyai kawah yang dinamakan sempena bulan itu.
11:11
Pada tahun 833CE, al-Mamun bertekad untuk memperoleh keuntungan tetap di Anatolia.
11:16
Dia memutuskan untuk menduduki kota Tyana yang disebut Kemerhisar hari ini.
11:20
Anehnya, dia merekrut pasukan dari Syria untuk kempen ini.
11:23
Namun, kemajuan tetap yang ingin dilakukannya tidak pernah datang.
11:27
Pada 9 Ogos 833CE, Khalifah al-Mamun meninggal dunia.
11:31
Dia mengalami demam secara tiba-tiba dan meninggal dalam satu atau dua hari ketika berkempen menjelang zaman moden
11:36
bandar Pozanti di Turki.
11:39
Dia berumur empat puluh enam tahun.
11:54
Masalahnya adalah penggantiannya agak rumit, sedikitnya.
11:59
Anaknya, Abbas (عباس) adalah komandan yang dihiasi dan merupakan pemimpin kempen ini
12:03
juga.
12:04
Namun, saudara al-Mamun Abu Ishaq, pemimpin Turki, bersama al-Mamun ketika itu
12:08
dia meninggal dan dia menyatakan bahawa al-Mamun telah menjadikannya pewarisnya.
12:12
Abbas tidak mahu menjatuhkan kerajaan ke perang saudara yang lain, jadi dia memutuskan untuk bersumpah
12:17
kesetiaan kepada bapa saudaranya.
12:18
Abu Ishaq mengambil gelaran regu atau Laqab, sebagaimana disebut, al-Mutasim (المعتصم).
12:28
Jumpa lagi lain kali.
Really appreciate this vid, it explains it a lot better than certain other vids I've seen about this subject.
Mamoun Alabasi is not Shia, he actually killed the Shia Imam Ali bin Musa Alreza (one of the defendants of the prophet of Allah and one of the 12 imams)
Imam Ali Reza Shia imam nahi the Ahlebiat the Nabi S.A Ke Khandan Aur Hazrat Imam Hussain R.A Ke gharane Se the samjhe Shia imam 😂
@hamzakhan. sorry can you type in English o didn't understand
Nice video 👍. Is it possible to make a video about the madhabs (Hanafi, Shafi, Hanbeli, Maliki)? If you dedicate one video to each madhab and explain what it is in detail and after you have done them all, make a video comparing the differences?
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy.
Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :)
Link to book:
www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
@@nadiaa9374 thank you. Sorry for the late reply, I just got the notification (very weird)).
@@nadiaa9374 Good recommendation 🤫😊
'Then I was (mis)guided' 🤣
@@nadiaa9374 if you're honest you'll see that the person doesn't really use Sunni sources but lies,search for refutations then decide
Thanks for the videos, I have been enjoying them for a while.
Al-Ma'mun was a Mu'tazilite, which I can understand the confusion given how many Mu'tazilites would become later Shia.
But the Mu'tazilite, unlike the Shia, are philosophers. Who believed that the only way for philosophy to thrive in Islam is through interpreting the Quran and Hadith.
He is sunni
@@globalviewstv896 He is Sunni in fiqh (jurisprudence, practice), but Mu'tazili in kalam (theology, philosophy)
he later became sunni not shia
@@67CJ he was never sunni
Infact he ordered the execution of Sunnis
@@Nous98 there’s no “sunni in fiqih “
Sunnism is a belief in the infallibility of hadeeth with “authentic “ narrations
A very interesting individual, thank you for teaching us about this 🙏
cool video bro
Retreating from Anatolia to Baghdad in the winter; how cold did it actually get there?
he was doing raiding campaigns...not conquests
MALAY SUBTITLES Part 2 of 3
04:23
Dia terkenal memerintahkan sebuah terowong yang digali ke dalam piramid besar untuk melihat apa yang ada di dalamnya.
04:27
Sekarang, di sini, mari kita bincangkan tentang al-Mamun dan jenis penguasa yang menurutnya seharusnya.
04:32
Pada masa ini, ada perselisihan yang mulai muncul di dunia Muslim.
04:36
Siapa, jika ada, yang berhak menyatakan penghakiman atas nama Tuhan?
04:41
Ada yang percaya bahawa Imam, yang secara harfiah bermaksud pemimpin atau pembimbing, memiliki bimbingan ilahi
04:45
dalam bidang perundangan.
04:46
Dengan kata lain, Tuhan berbicara melalui mereka dan apa sahaja yang mereka katakan adalah kehendak Tuhan.
04:51
Sebilangan besar orang ini percaya bahawa Imam tergolong dalam barisan lelaki di zaman Nabi
04:56
keluarga.
04:57
Ali al-Rida, pewaris yang ditunjuk al-Mamun adalah salah seorang.
05:00
Kumpulan ini kemudian menjadi yang kita kenal sebagai Syiah.
05:03
Kumpulan yang lain tidak mempercayai petunjuk ilahi Imam.
05:06
Sebaliknya, sesiapa sahaja boleh menjadi imam dengan cukup belajar mengenai Al-Quran dan Hadis, nabi
05:11
ucapan dan tindakan.
05:12
Anda juga tidak semestinya berasal dari keturunan nabi.
05:15
Hari ini, terdapat empat mazhab fikrah Islam utama di kalangan Sunni, Hanafi,
05:20
orang Maliki, Syafi'i dan Hanbali.
05:23
Keempat-empatnya akan didirikan sebelum pemerintahan al-Mamun berakhir.
05:27
Kumpulan ini kemudian menjadi yang kita kenali sebagai Sunni.
05:30
Al-Mamun telah didedahkan kepada idea bahawa Imam mempunyai bimbingan ilahi sebagai seorang anak dan
05:35
dia telah mengambilnya.
05:36
Khalifah Abbasiyah menganggap diri mereka sebagai imam juga tetapi mereka tidak pernah benar-benar
05:40
cuba menjatuhkan penilaian atas nama Tuhan.
05:43
Mereka mempunyai hakim dalam hal itu yang menafsirkan Al-Quran dan Hadis.
05:47
Al-Mamun mahu mengubahnya.
05:49
Dia ingin mempengaruhi fekah Islam secara aktif.
05:52
Dia ingin menjadi seperti Imam Syiah sejak dia berasal dari keluarga nabi.
05:56
Walaupun, proto-Syiah percaya bahawa anda harus keturunan nabi tetapi
05:59
baik, al-Mamun hanya mengabaikan bahagian itu.
06:02
Dia sangat pro-Alid.
06:03
Antara lain, dia mengembalikan sebahagian harta mereka di Arabia dan dia menghalalkannya kepada orang ramai
06:07
mengutuk Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan (معاویہ ابن ابو سفیان), pengasas
06:10
dinasti Umayyah.
06:12
Dia bahkan membenarkan praktik Nikah al-Mut’ah (نكاح المتعة) yang merupakan jangka masa tetap
06:15
perkahwinan berdasarkan kontrak (kadang-kadang lisan) yang masih diamalkan di kalangan Syiah.
06:20
Seperti yang ditulis oleh Michael Cooperson…
07:26
Proto-Sunni, yang majoritinya, sangat harfiah ketika membaca Al-Quran dan
07:31
hadis.
07:32
Mereka tidak memberikan banyak ruang untuk tafsiran.
07:34
Al-Mamun menentang itu.
07:35
Walaupun dia berpendapat bahawa hadis itu boleh dipercayai, dia juga mengatakan bahawa beberapa hadis lebih dipercayai
07:40
daripada yang lain.
07:41
Seluruh isu menjadi satu perbahasan.
07:42
Adakah Al-Quran itu diciptakan oleh Allah atau pernah ada?
07:47
Soalan ini adalah penyederhanaan yang berlebihan dari perbahasan oleh al-Mamun.
07:51
Al-Mamun percaya bahawa Al-Quran diciptakan dan diturunkan kepada nabi dan demikian juga
07:55
ruang untuk tafsiran kerana masa berubah.
07:57
Namun, jika itu selalu ada, waktu tidak memperhitungkannya, tidak ada ruang untuk penafsiran.
08:04
Sasterawan tidak betul-betul percaya bahawa Al-Quran selalu ada seperti yang ditegaskan oleh al-Mamun
08:09
bahawa mereka percaya tetapi perbahasan itu tidak dapat dilaksanakan ketika Mihna menjadi kenyataan.
08:13
Mihna bermaksud ujian atau percubaan.
08:15
Pada tahun 833CE, tahun al-Mamun mati, dia menulis sepucuk surat dari Raqqa kepada gabenornya
08:21
di Baghdad untuk menyoal pegawai mahkamah, badan kehakiman dan para sarjana mengenai kepercayaan mereka
08:25
mengenai ciptaan Al-Quran.
08:28
Kami tidak tahu dengan tepat berapa banyak orang yang disoal siasat.
08:30
Majoriti penduduk tidak setuju dengan kepercayaan al-Mamun tetapi mereka tidak mempunyai pilihan.
08:35
Mereka yang awalnya menentang kemudian menyerah ketika khalifah memerintahkan pelaksanaannya.
08:40
Semua kecuali dua orang menukar kedudukan mereka sebagai khalifah.
08:43
Salah satunya adalah Ahmad ibn Hanbal.
08:45
Mereka dimasukkan ke dalam rantai dan dihantar ke khalifah walaupun, di tengah perjalanan mereka,
08:49
berita sampai kepada mereka bahawa khalifah telah meninggal.
08:51
Kedua ulama dibebaskan oleh pengganti al-Mamun
08:54
Hari ini, al-Mamun dianggap sebagai khalifah Sunni dan Mihna-nya dianggap sebagai penyesatan sesat
09:00
daripada percubaan sistemik untuk mengubah inti Islam atau paling tidak, Khilafah Abbasiyah.
09:06
Tidak ada khalifah Abbasiyah yang kini dikenali sebagai Imam.
09:09
Sebaliknya keempat-empat orang yang membentuk Sekolah Pemikiran itu disebut Imam oleh kaum Sunni
09:13
dan mereka yang berada dalam barisan keturunan nabi dipanggil Imam oleh Syiah.
09:17
Pada akhirnya, Mihna akan gagal dan proto-Sunni akan menang.
09:22
Al-Mamun juga sangat berminat dalam bidang sains dan secara peribadi mengetahui dan mempelajari pelbagai mata pelajaran.
09:27
Salah satu kisah kegemaran saya ialah dia membaca karya Ptolemy di mana keliling Bumi
09:31
dicatat sebagai 180,000 stadia.
09:35
Dia bertanya kepada penterjemahnya berapa lama Stadion.
09:38
Malangnya, tidak ada yang tahu.
Funny thing is that Columbus argued the world was way smaller than it actually was, and that a route from Europe directly to Asia was possible, using the Arab measurements like the one at 9:46 to affirm his beliefs without realizing or ignoring that the Arabic mile is different to the Latin mile.
The tunnel was actually dug outward. He wanted to steal something in there that was too big to take out. Sadly, he never shared this knowledge.
1:20 Al Mamun & the Alids
3:00 Change in the Abbasid army (Abna prominence replaced by Turkic slave soldiers)
4:26 The beliefs of Al-Mamun (including the famous story involving Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal)
9:22 Al-Mamun's patronage of science
10:15 Banu Musa brothers (contributed in development of mechanics)
11:56 Succession after Al-Mamun's death
The Arab mile is 5/4ths of a British mile, which brings their estimate to 25.2k miles. That's pretty close to the modern figure of 24.9k miles!
It is pretty much accurate calculation. Not bad for 10 th century AD.
@@MuhammadAminSNS04 9th century AD
Hey brother I appreciate your work, keep it up
Nice video. Surely the comment section will be a totally respectful and friendly place to be and not filled with debates about Islamic jurispundence at all.
I like this dude. Regardless of his controversial policies and believe, he advanced sciences in the middle age which I believe without him, our world would completely different today.
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة
مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23
“Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23
ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
I thought one day I Will make documentaries on islamic history
I don't see any channel
I am glad to see your work keep it
Make more content for your channel
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة
مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23
“Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23
ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
one other point to mention, at the time of Al-Mamun the idea of the philosopher-king started to be widely accepted by Islamic philosophers, and give Al-Mamun interest in greek philosophy it's not hard to see him adopting it as his philosophy too, also the Quran issue has nothing to do with Quran changing over time, it was based on a metaphysical issue
Intrestingly that is becouse hes role model was khosrow the first of tge sassanians who was given that title by the greeks and i have wroten one of khusrows storys in my comment if your intrested.
That’s a very interesting observation. Thank you.
@@arianrezaie4729
a big group of Islamic philosophers wrote about the utopia al-farabi, for example, considers the philosopher-king to be the second level of humanity second only to prophethood
at this age even some stories about Plato being a prophet started to show up
@@AlMuqaddimahYT also some scholars consider him the first ruler to ruin Islam due to his obsession with philosophy. they even wrote about how philosophy ruins nations by making them picker over mear ideas
@@mustfaaboassd well true but you do see an intrestingly copy of the late sassanian empires in the islamic world in general
Can you cover the Sokoto Caliphate?
Zabrdast information
This video is very good keep up your good work
is there any pdfs specially about this issue ? if so please recommend
Good video. You can delve more deeply in the matter of religious authority in islam. It has interesting ramifications. For example, ismaieeli shias had radicalized the "nas" based authority which relies on the belief that Allah has appointed imam to the degree that during the reign of al hakim, some of them slipped towards diefication of imam/caliph al hakim. All and all, the matter of religious authority is the base for all the fitnas in dar al islam and it deserves more videos. I love your vids brother.
From tehran, with love.
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة
مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23
“Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23
ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
Darl Islam introduced by Caliph umar
Its nothing to do with Quran 😊😊😊Aka Islam.
Are you atheist???
Great informative video, I find the the various denominations of Islam interesting. Thank you
I LOVE your videos
Asking questions and advising are some of the seemingly easiest occupations to have
Excellent video. I learned a lot. Thanks!
Nice, there are so few good English videos about the Minha, but I think it really explains a whole lot of why Islam is like it is today. Any progressive idea for hundreds of years were strangled in their grave due to the backlash to this. Islam is still wounded.
Sometimes I wonder why there are not any Arab/Muslim youtubers building the things in these books of ingenious devices from the Islamic Golden Age...
They are basically instruction on how to build stuff right? I feel like there would be a audience for that...
Don't say that out loud! I HAD PLANS TO HIRE SOMEONE LATER ON THE CHANNEL TO MAKE THAT!
They’re busy debating the trinity with david wood
What's your mic specifications
Wait why is Harun Al-Rashid translation is in Urdu text?
**B**arun El-Rashid? Am I the only one who noticed that's what's spelled in arabic at 0:23?
It is an Urdu ه not a ب😉
@@frasenp8411 Oh, thanks, I guess I need to check the resolution of the video before reacting, loading the 1080p solved it. Sorry @Al Muqaddimah
Really liked the discussion of the Sunni-Shia disagreements. Was there any real chance that the Sunni and Shia could ever be reconciled back then or had the ship already set sail?
I think it sailed when the Prophet passed away. If not then, maybe when Hussain was killed or when al-Mansur, al-Mamun's great-grandfather killed like 2 dozen members of the Alid dynasty. Although, at this point, Sunnis had developed the four madhabs so, I think it was too far gone for the Shia and Sunni theology to reconcile.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy.
Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :)
Link to book:
www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
@@nadiaa9374 rafidhi propaganda
They love killing each other
So probably not
@AlMuqaddimahYT why don't you say Sallahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Are you a Muslim?
From what I read, Al Mamun was mu'tazilite not shi'ite, the mu'tazila didn't have anything to do with shi'a at first, on the contrary their doctrine that everything must be submited to reason first clashed with the shi'a core concept of the divine right to rule of Ahl al Bayt. Only after losing power after the mihna they became disenfranchized and had to seek refuge with the shi'a who were basically taking in all the underdogs if it meant more power to contend with the caliphal establishment.
Al Mamun tried to appease the shi'a with political gestures and even to merge the Imamate with the caliphate to be rid of the schism but it didn't work, the conflict after all being political and not theologic, but he never intended to concede power or even a part of it.
Almamun married with shister of shia imam Al Raza so some thought maybe he was shia but in reality he was sunni
No one expects the Abbasid Minah!
one day Ahmad ibn Hanbal came to al Mamun's court weeping and crying, people asked, "what happened"? "The Qur'an died", he replied. Confused and equally raged Al Mamun exclaimed, "how is that possible, what do you mean". Ibn Hanbal aksed, " Don't you believe Qur'an to be created"? "yes", the caliph replied without hesitation, then ibn Hanbal recited, " Every Soul Shall Taste Death". [Qur'an 29:57]
Smartest Hanbali 💀
My shoe just died? What? Shoes don't die? Shoes were not created then.
@Mutazili shoes are not created. Shoes are made. Shoes are alteration of leather, and as far as it's form is considered, it "dies" or gets "destroyed" when it is broken.
By your logic, nothing dies. If someone dies, you will point to tye corpse of that person to say that "look he's not dead yet"
Great Video
The only other ruler i know that was as pro science as him is Khusrow the first who went to war with the byzenrines at one point so they would agree that the scholars who had migrated to persia from rome (rome had just recently banned pagan teachings at this point)should be protected to visit their homes when they're feeling homesick I dont know if this story inspired Al-Mamun or not but im guessing it did.
Also intrestingly most shias belive that all the imams were assassinated which became the reason the last imam disappeared and thats the reason why they hate al-mamun becouse they see him as the only candidate for killing imam reza.
Harun al rashid?
The idea that all Imams were killed came in the 900s when Shiism was canonized.
@@attabaig6848 dose he have any such storys? He was proscience but not as much as these two not even modern America would go to war over science
arian rezaie yea there are a lot
arian rezaie I mean there were many others. Like Abdul Rehman II in al Andalus, he loved science and arts and during his time the first man who attempted to fly. I’m surprised you don’t know about harun al rashid, he is probably one of the first to come to mind, it was at his time when the golden age of Islam was at its peak, in terms of science, religion, etc.
great video
Can I use your content?
No. Sorry.
Will you be making a video on the Banu Musa brothers in detail? It seems pretty interesting.
Nice video too btw
Definitely. I love their story.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT awesome
Next one could be about the seljuk or ottoman empire
Rashidun Caliphate ❤❤ Ayyubid Caliphate ❤❤ Ottoman Caliphate ❤❤
Why were the madhabs mentioned when they werent even present in thw time of mamun
They were all present at the time, imam hanbal was alive and teaching his madhabs before and after the death of mamun
This is great, you are like kings and generals but better and possibly Muslim.
We want Turkish subtitles,
please
I was thought that al-Ma'mun was Mu'tazilite rather than Shi'ite.
You guys should know that Umayyad clashes with Rashiduun Caliphate. All the Jahm, Murji'ah, Jabariyyah came from that follower of the Government. While Ahlu Bayt and Sahaba always on Sunnah to brings the right of the Ummah upon Caliphates, not the Monarchs.
In some respects, he was both. He advocated for the divine guidance of the Shia imams and the rationalism of the Mutazilites.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT i am afraid you have heavy anti shia tendency , i am not a shia and i against shia, i also have anti shia tendency , but some anti shia doing bad things due to their hatred, we shouldn't doing injustice due to our hatred ,some muslim accusing tamerlane of being shia and connecting his brutality with shiism , i know he said he killing people of damascus in purpose to avenging Husain r.a , but that's only jistification, sometimes he using mongol idiology , i hope you're not linking al ma'mun mihnah to shiism , if he a shia why didn't he gave his throne to any shia ? Maybe i wronged you
@@bosbanon3452 Al mamun set the 8th Shia Imam, Imam Ali al Ridha as his successor to stop the Shia revolts but he was pressured into poisoning him so he wasn't replaced by his uncle.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy.
Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :)
Link to book:
www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
@@AlMuqaddimahYT wrong
No UsefulCharts video yet today so I guess I'll have to settle for watching this.......
I suspect a massive conspiracy behind that. I'm not sure how high it goes but we can't rule out the pope.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT The Pope met Sistani today. The plot thickens.
Please there's subtitle language Indonesia, because I can little speak English
Then learn English
Beautifull !!!
Could the divide in the court between blacks and greens inspired George R.R. Martin to create the black and green Targaryens in the dance of the dragons? 🤔
Please Make Video.on Omar The second caliph
Again, such great info but but too fast to digest
I wonder what on earth a naked guy doing in the prayer hall? I doubt the sanity of the painter
I'm thinking a crazy homeless guy lol
Why do so many of these videos on Islam related topics have competing, spurious and distracting noise/music? in the background?
thanks alot
Its a very valuable piece of work but please correct the dictation on arabic writings including haruns name which is wrongly written barun.also the sacred building in mecca is called kaaba not ghaaba
did imam hambali belong to this era?
Why Jerusalem was never an important city in a Muslim caliphate ? Is Jerusalem really important for Muslims ?
hello Jazib!
هارن not بارون please correct the text
4RST
🔥🔥from india
You should make video about islamic denominations and schools.
Do you want me to translate your videos into Arabic?
I wish he had lived longer. Islam would have been much less controversial.
Al Mamun..... Such a great name 😂
He was not shia for even a second of his life . He was hanafi in fiqh and mutaziliite in aqeeda. However when mutaziliites were prosecuted in latter abbasid period many of them took shia platform for their ideas .
Mutaziliites have some theological similarities with shiites ( zaidiyyah ) hence the given confusion.
Caliph al-Mamun tried to pacification of unrest in Abbasid realms.
In fact, he was a Mu’tazilite, not a Shiite, and the Mu’tazila are a sect influenced by the Greek philosophers, and they are among the people of theology, but they are worse than the Maturidis and Ash’aris because they put reason and rational interpretation at the expense of the Qur’an and the Prophet’s hadith
I love how you say that thay are 'worse' because they use their rationality more than Ash'aris and Maturidis, as if reason is a bad thing, no one the Islamic civilization did not rise again.
You should mention Fazl ibn sahl the vizir of al mamun was Iranian from sarakhs!!
And also his brother Hussein ibn sahl the govener of baghdad.they mostly controlled al mamun !!
And al mamun commanded to kill fazl ibn sahl when he was in way to back from khorasan area to baghdad.
Also the killer of al_amin was also Iranian Persian sunni muslim from Herat city (modern day Afghanistan) Taher who become the founder of Tahyrid dynasty from 821 CE to 873 CE
Al mamun probably beacuse her mother was Iranian ,he cared about them more than other caliphs and from his reign we seeing the revival of Iranian Empires
Tahyrid _Safarid_Samanid _Buyid and ziarid dynasty.....and from his REIGN abbasid caliphate started to lose the khorasan region
Great video but please note Haroon in Arabic is
هارون
Not بارون (Baroon)
I believe that is in Urdu?
@@fh9061
No it’s not.
Urdu has nothing to do with Harun and his children.
Also the letter H is pronounced in Urdu
and I thought I have family problems.
12er Shia Muslims would not say Al-Mamun was a Shia, but we are only a minority. :)
I am a 12er Shia but I don’t think Al-Mamun was a Shia, in fact we believe that Al-Mamun killed the 8th Shia Imam
These videos are full of great history. Thanks
هنا هارون الرشيد، الامين ، المأمون ، المعتزلة
مسلسل الامام احمد بن حنبل - ح23
“Imam Ahmed Bin hanbl” series’ Ep 23
ua-cam.com/video/EesxObOHLuw/v-deo.html
The first Shia caliph? Man that was Imam Ali lol.
Al-Ma'mun Is great
Al-Mamun killed Ali bn Musa Al ridha The 8th imam and Al-Mamun wasnt shia
@@67CJ Musa raza imam for what?
@@globalviewstv896 12er shia
@@67CJ he was fake imam real imam was Almamun . Almamun married with sister of Al Raza
@@globalviewstv896 Al Mamun was a typical dictator and fake imam. The real Imam of the time appointed by God was Imam Ali al Ridha, whether people accepted him or not at that time was to their own demise or benefit. The Prophet says if you die without recognizing the Imam of your time, you die as a Jahil. Yet people stopped following the Prophet's orders and made innovations to follow companions instead.
Assassin's creed Mirage brought me here
Al mamun was not shia neither did he influence shias. If making mutah legal or prefering Ali over other sahaba makes you shia then many sahaba were Shia by that standard since many Sahaba accepted Mutah and prefered Ali above Abu bakr and Umar. Some sahaba even prefered Ali for the leadership like zubayr, banu hashim etc.
Prophet Muhammad and Abu Bakr era of ruling had mutah as legal. This means nothing. It’s important to think that mamun can’t be a shia because he killed Imam Ali Raza (AS). No shia here or then could support that type of atrocities. Its stupid to think about it
@@whyphy2213hw don't kill
You're using a lot of images/drawings with andalusi architecture instead of abbasid architecture.
@@rajeshbande1136 Well, in sha Allah he fixes this. He has a channel in an early stage. If he uses inaccurate images in such an early stage, he basically is giving the impression that he doesn't know what he is talking about. Of course, in reality he is just using the images because accurate images are difficult to find, and he wants to use images because it enhances the viewer experience. But it's better to not use images than to ruin your channel's reputation. Especially a history channel, where the use of reliable and accurate sources are nr 1 priority.
The debate about Quran’s creation is very similar to the debates in Christianity about the nature of Christ. They all seem so trivial to our modern mind.
Well Mutazili doctrine went to the shia sects
Almamun was never shia he was sunni
Deep
Its incorrect to assume that the earlier Sunnis were literalist and had no room for interpretation - this was mainly a shafiite and hanbalite view, and contradicts the practices of Imam Malik and Imam Abu Hanifa
Tahid emirate was replaced by Saffarid emirate.
I get the weirdest ads on these vids.
Theoretically the perfect religion would never split. Guess there is no perfect religion, yet.
El Bandito that’s a false assumption , a religion being perfect does not necessitate in any way that it must have perfect followers , and perfection in humans is impossible in a divine free of fault or mistake sense, so regardless of wether the religion is perfect or not , there will always be splits because the followers will always be inherently imperfect, so islam having splits among its followers does not negate its’ perfection as a religion
@@hassamkkkk5721 A perfect religion created by the perfect being would have converted the globe by now, cause if God was omniscient and omnipotent he would have accounted for every variables. Heck, just the fact God wants us to slog through this mess of a world, experiencing all manner of misery (bone cancer in children, really God?) and have most of us suffer in hell for eternity, instead of just filling us with divinity and get us into heaven shows us that God is either omnipotent but not all-good, or all-good but not omnipotent.
I recommend reading ‘then I was guided’ - an accurate look into history and will clear everything up based on Sunni and Shia sources to eliminate any controversy.
Hope this helps on your enlightenment journey!! :)
Link to book:
www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/12738
@@ElBandito if we live in such idealistic place, it would be called paradise, not earth
@@antokarman2064 By that logic, no religion in the current world is worth slavishly adhering to.
11:08 So we could call him "al-Ma'Moon"... sorry
I'm blocking you, Nicolas.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT Yeah, I should've seen it coming. I already know the way out...
This is cool
😊😊😊
Great video; but the matter of recognizing imams was not that simple in the 9th century. Before and during the Early Abassid times there were already a wide number of groups that recognized various imamic lines; most of them projecting imamhood and even al-Mahdi status on al-Saffah or his general Abu Muslim. That is, after all, how the abassids came to power, with the strong support of early shi'a persianate revolutionaries; who al-Saffah and especially al-Mahdi persecuted after they revolted again due to their immamite pretentions not being validated.
Those who think that our abbasid ancestors were tyrant are deluded and bigot of highest order forgetting the fact that we all have become worst kind of tyrants in our current lives ......
Al-Mamun was a Persian-Arab Muatazilah with Pro-Alid tendencies since Muatazilah are not a fixed-sect like Sunnis & Shias, there are Pro-Ali Muatazilahs & Pro-Abu-Bakr Muatazilah! Al-Mamun started as a Pro-Ali Muatazilah. Muatazilah use Aql & Naql when it comes to Hadiths & Quranic interpretation based on the times they are living in, hence it was a Golden Age of Islam during that period. Muatazilah as a rational school of thought that were inspired by Greek & Indian Philosophy, and were of the secular softer offshoot of the violent Khawarij.
I always thought Mutezilah had too much influence from Shiates, well there can't be better proof than this video.
شكرا جزيلا
Black...what a strange color to make people wear in the desert. Wouldnt they be very hot?
That's an interesting thought. I think it might not have been that big of a problem in Baghdad (although, it was hot too) but certainly, in Khorasan, it would've been really bad to wear black.
@@AlMuqaddimahYT I'm honored that you responded. Let me just take the time to say that I'm very impressed by the depth of your analysis'. Your Al-Andalus series was spectacular. I rarely see Al-Andalus or any other Islamic history covered with empathy for the concerns of either side. It's always either pro-Islam or pro-Christain with some token mention or dismissal of the other side's grievance. Yet I never got that from you.
While you may never get to it (I know you're inundated with requests, and by people who aren't even offering to pay, lol). I hope you find the time to cover the history of James Brooke of Sarawak. He was a 19th-century Indo-British trader/explorer who created a Kingdom that would become Borneo Malaysia (And is the reason Brunai is so small). The geopolitical situation that gave rise to a Christian ruling over Muslims and pagans in the dense jungle has always reminded me of the rise of the Ottomans. I could also provide a PDF by Steve Runciman of their history if you were so inclined.