Spiral Table Build

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 5 вер 2024
  • For this project I used 8 cm thick oak planks. First, all the major cracks were removed using a bandsaw. Two sides of each plank are then planed to a flat surface.Each side is fingerjointed. For gluing, I used ordinary d3 acetate glue. Steal base is cut from 10x2.5 cm steel. Parts are welded together and positioned on the robot table. Legs are bent from 10x5 cm rectangular steel pipes to a diameter of 3m. Each leg is positioned on a base and welded. Excess is cut parralel to the ground. Nuts to hold plastic pads are welded inside each pipe end. Whole leg base is sandblasted an transparent automotive paint is applied. After drying, wooden tabletop is planed on a robot cnc. Groove is milled in bottom side of table top where steel base will be fastened. Table top is sanded first with belt sander, then with orbital sander. 3 coats of matte polyurethane varnish are applied with sanding in between of each coat. After last coat dried, table top is fastened to steel leg base using 12 6x50 screws.
    Thank you for watching and don't forget to subscribe if you liked the video!:)
    JAVOR & SIN social media:
    www.instagram....
    / javorisin
    My social media:
    www.instagram....
    / lignum-925977557542542
    Music:Hungarian_Rhapsody_No_2_by_Liszt

КОМЕНТАРІ • 529

  • @MyLolo51
    @MyLolo51 7 місяців тому +134

    The author does like to from scratch, ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxbnOKZBE4evMO5V2vroHeCjq6d_MV6wJO shaping and trimming wood from large blocks into fine finished products. As another reviewer mentioned, most projects require a lot of high-dollar equipment that most of us don’t have the room or budget for. But, knowing how to do these things, even if we won’t be able to practise the full stack project, is still great.

  • @alesgorjup11
    @alesgorjup11 3 роки тому +2

    watching this with classic music... just wow!

  • @clydeulmer4484
    @clydeulmer4484 5 років тому +66

    I loved this on soooo many levels: the spiral leg concept; the finger joints (no wimpy little Domino plugs here...); and most of all, using a multi megabuck industrial robot as a marking gauge :-D Clyde

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +17

      Hehe, I thought about marking with a laser level but it was already positioned on the robot table so why not use it.. First time and came out pretty precise :D

  • @HelloIamBen
    @HelloIamBen 5 років тому +1

    I'm usually not a big fan of metal and wood but you guys did an extraordinary job on this one. The base was really nice.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you very much! Glad you like it!

  • @federicograsselli2461
    @federicograsselli2461 4 роки тому

    the most pleasant thing is to see the wood in the shape of a trunk and then see it in the shape of a table so perfect

  • @FromTheHeartWoodMK
    @FromTheHeartWoodMK 5 років тому +26

    Again, truly masterful! This is one if the only channels I see where not only is woodworking done but concept is also at its finest! Most people you see making things are just copying something else that has already been made, even I can say that I do that predominantly! But you sir are a master of concept, a true artist and a credit to the maker community. Great work once again, never seen anything quite like it.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +3

      Thank you for your kind comment! I really appreciate it.. I wish you all the best in the new 2019!

  • @homeyshlitz
    @homeyshlitz 5 років тому

    I like the Pixelated lounge chair but the table, she dances, with the full grace of the ballerina. Bravo team Lignum bravo.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you so much! A really nice comment! I didn't see the table that way until now..

  • @kuffyswoodwork
    @kuffyswoodwork 5 років тому +2

    Wow that is fantastic. That robotic arm sure does come in handy. Fancy using it to tell you where to cut, good idea! 😂👍👍

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Yes it does! I didn't plan to use it this way just up until I started to position a water level.. :D

  • @HODYODesign
    @HODYODesign 5 років тому +1

    I could watch your videos over and over again: so many cool toys you play with to achieve masterpieces!!!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Thank you very much! And so much more toys I would like to add to my collection hehe;)

  • @brian454454
    @brian454454 5 років тому

    Beautiful table. I especially like the very subtle live edge. It's enough to be organic and soften the edge, but avoids the overly trendy live edge tables that go too far and aren't even a usable shape.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like it Brian! Tbh I haven't seen the raw material until it came to workshop. I hoped for a more curved side pieces but when I was done, I couldn't be more satisfied the way it turned out.. The guy from Austria from who I get my material from really knows his business and delivered perfect planks..

  • @kmonnier
    @kmonnier 5 років тому

    I love the recessed leg attachment, also using the robot to locate the legs was unique and awesome!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like it! I thought about using the laser level but the legs were already positioned on the robot table so.. Don't know which method would be quicker though..

  • @NicoSmets
    @NicoSmets 5 років тому

    That robot is the best thing I have ever seen in a woodshop.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Yep, I must agree.. It made work much easier and the possibilities are endless..

  • @okayfredfred
    @okayfredfred 2 роки тому

    Work and music are amazing very great job!!

  • @bw2020
    @bw2020 5 років тому

    The amount of badass machines these guys have makes me pretty fuckin jealous.
    I’m guessing y’all do more than just furniture.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      I do furniture just as youtube projects.. Soon I wont have a place to put them.. Everybody says I should organize a sale or smth..

  • @danbarrett6113
    @danbarrett6113 5 років тому +1

    These dudes have all the tools........ Awesome...... I'm clapping out loud now.....

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      I wish I had all the tools.. Had to outsource some for this build from some friends.. :D

  • @TheRonin2120
    @TheRonin2120 4 роки тому

    Okay you had me liking and now subscribing based on your use of that giant beautiful CNC machine you used for the absolute precision work you did on that table. I specially like how you used it to mark the legs to ensure a nice flat, level table. That is beautiful to see.

  • @tiag1621
    @tiag1621 4 роки тому

    That table is beautiful

  • @brandonperez2267
    @brandonperez2267 4 роки тому

    I’ve been enjoying your content since I stumbled upon it last week. I’m a woodworker and a lot of the woodworking content on UA-cam is so similar it all kinda blends together. Your approach to design and building is so unique, it challenges a lot of the ways I think of woodworking in general.

  • @jlibb099
    @jlibb099 5 років тому +25

    Some people might use a planer, a plane, jig/sled and router to level the table. But not you. You deploy an KUKA Robot. NICE 👍

  • @timmey001
    @timmey001 5 років тому +1

    I absolutely love your videos, I cannot wait for the day I can go to Croatia and meet you guys, you are amazing.

  • @julietphillips1991
    @julietphillips1991 5 років тому

    The mother of all machinery! I would love to have something, anything made by these guys. Really impressive.

  • @Power5
    @Power5 3 роки тому

    Beautiful table, I cannot believe it is stable like that. Impressive work.

  • @SurfTheStreets01
    @SurfTheStreets01 5 років тому +1

    loved the use of baby powder

  • @modustrial
    @modustrial 5 років тому +6

    You made us wait a long time for this one....but it was worth it! Amazing as always!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      I'm so bussy lately and have very little time for youtube.. I'm really glad you like it, motivating, thank you!

  • @2001980100050
    @2001980100050 3 роки тому

    Vrh braćo....svaka čast i sve pohvale....taman ste mi dali ideju posto kolega trazi interesantne noge za trpezarijski sto..
    .pa kad ga napravim bice odusevljenja....hvala momci...odlični ste

  • @GrahamDIY
    @GrahamDIY 5 років тому +1

    I want that table!
    No, I NEED that table!!
    You guys are so talented. Genuinely impressive. 👏👏👏

    • @rybiizhir
      @rybiizhir 4 роки тому

      terribly unstable base, it was necessary to pour lead into the lower part of the legs

    • @munkzwalm
      @munkzwalm 4 роки тому

      @@rybiizhir Did you make one? I like this design a lot, but I'm wondering about that too, so did the lead solve the problem?

  • @O2Cummins
    @O2Cummins 5 років тому

    Such a cool project and it turned out great! The soundtrack alone is worth the watch

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like the music choice for this one, thank you!

  • @BenNash
    @BenNash 5 років тому +4

    I see what you did there with the robot arm in 3d space. Nice registration!!! Wow

  • @frozenwalkway
    @frozenwalkway 5 років тому

    shit i didnt know people actually used robotic arms in anything but assembly lines. this is amazing. i wish to have robotic arms some day and make things as nice as yours

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Tbh I didn't know either a few years ago.. First one used in woodworking I saw right here on youtube! From that moment I knew I had to get one..

  • @73k_m
    @73k_m 5 років тому

    Best table ever seen on youtube

  • @michaelcoceski5442
    @michaelcoceski5442 5 років тому

    I am proud of you and Mate Rimac.... immense talent in your fields.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Thank you Michael, I appreciate it! Cheers from Croatia!

  • @diaboliq4891
    @diaboliq4891 5 років тому

    The soundtrack fits perfectly with the video, because what you do is pure art. I love to watch your videos, they are peacefull and full of knowlege as well. Awesome job as usual mate!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you Dani so much. I'm glad you like this video, and the classical music combo! I'm always a bit scared that people wont like my music choice..

  • @ferriswhitehouse1476
    @ferriswhitehouse1476 3 роки тому

    holy shit your workshop is amazing, you've got a full ass industrial robot arm wtf

  • @RobLlewellyn1
    @RobLlewellyn1 5 років тому

    Brilliant. Always pleased to see new stuff from you guys. Would love a table like this for my kitchen!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you Rob! Glad you like it! I'm always pleased when I read a nice comment such as this:D

  • @aleksandarradivojevic7374
    @aleksandarradivojevic7374 3 роки тому

    Redak spoj masivnog stola sa vrhunski elegantnim postoljem koje BTW od običnih čeličnih kutijastih cevi.. Bravo! PS: Muzika uz film sasvim odgovarajuća :)
    A rare combination of a massive table with a superbly elegant base that BTW made of ordinary steel box tubes .. Bravo! PS: The music with the movie is quite appropriate :)

  • @billrogers6256
    @billrogers6256 3 роки тому

    Is that Listz? Yeah!! Ooooppps. Sorry.. Great build!!!

  • @brambruijnzeel
    @brambruijnzeel 5 років тому +1

    What a piece of perfection again, well done! And for all of you, a very healthy and happy New Year. Greatings from the Netherlands, Bram

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you, glad you like it! I wish you all the best in 2019! Cheers from Croatia!

  • @alssap3388
    @alssap3388 5 років тому

    Саунд-трек с Hungarian Rhapsody №2 в исполнении Мюнхенского государственного оркестра просто особенно СУПЕР!!! :))) .....О?! Так тут ещё и Венгерский государственный симфонический оркестр, тоже!! :)))

  • @gyulakovacs1334
    @gyulakovacs1334 Рік тому

    Very nice project.Well done.

  • @ОлегГриднев
    @ОлегГриднев 4 роки тому

    Как, музыка замечательно подошла к ролику! Автору респект!

  • @domagojlukic7538
    @domagojlukic7538 5 років тому

    Ekipa,vi ste zakon!da imam para opremili bi mi cijeli stan-kuću
    Želim vam puno sreće i posla!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Hvala Domagoj! Uvijek je lijepo procitati domaci komentar.. Pozdrav!

  • @bennierheeder7015
    @bennierheeder7015 5 років тому +1

    Great build!! The music was awesome. Something ominous about it.

  • @chrystald.
    @chrystald. 5 років тому

    What a BEAUTIFUL table!! You guys did an amazing job.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you Chrystal! Glad you like it!

  • @muddyfences5559
    @muddyfences5559 5 років тому

    Another magnificent build. It's functional, artistic, and elegant. Always a pleasure watching.

  • @shamsudeenkareem8838
    @shamsudeenkareem8838 5 років тому

    അഭിനന്ദനങ്ങൾ സർ, സ്നേഹപൂർവ്വം കേരളത്തിൽ നിന്ന്,,,
    weldone sir, With Love from - Kerala - India

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like it! Cheers from Croatia!

  • @JonnyBuilds
    @JonnyBuilds 5 років тому +2

    Absolutely stunning! Well done.

  • @gregoriovasquez8678
    @gregoriovasquez8678 5 років тому

    Desde La Arena Panamá, es una mesa industrial muy hermosa, técnicamente bien realizada, con una linea muy sencilla y limpia, gracias

  • @user-lz5gp8bx4y
    @user-lz5gp8bx4y 5 років тому +15

    Как всегда великолепно!!! Супер!!!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      : D спасибо большое!

  • @VDJ4500
    @VDJ4500 4 роки тому

    awesome video & the project

  • @petecreates5084
    @petecreates5084 5 років тому

    Beautiful table as are all the pieces I have seen you make

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you Pete, Glad you like this one!

  • @WOODRF
    @WOODRF 5 років тому

    Beautiful table, their jobs are fantastic!

  • @mrOsas-fh1pc
    @mrOsas-fh1pc 5 років тому

    Монументально!Пожалуй подпишусь,вы делаете классные вещи!..

  • @vitalivolk6806
    @vitalivolk6806 3 роки тому

    with music, awesome...

  • @user-ed2nb6ku8j
    @user-ed2nb6ku8j 4 роки тому

    اعمالك رائعه ممتازه اتمنى لك النجاح المستمر

  • @zacharybrosious2293
    @zacharybrosious2293 5 років тому +1

    That is one amazing jointer 👍

  • @justin-d-lux1394
    @justin-d-lux1394 5 років тому

    Super cool! Your projects keep getting better! I love the look of this design.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like it! The problem is the Ideas are getting harder and harder to get.. Hope I wont dry out

  • @katharinak.5910
    @katharinak.5910 3 роки тому

    Amazing video and amazing music taste!

  • @MrMesropa
    @MrMesropa 5 років тому

    Another fantastic video. I'm not sure how I feel about the finger joint between the boards being visible. It's a fantastic joint for what it's for, but it looks so mechanical and manic compared to the curved legs and calm curving wood edge. Maybe next time do large dowels and keep it hidden.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Yes I think so too.. It would be much prettier without the finger joints..

  • @sergiofilosofo3355
    @sergiofilosofo3355 5 років тому +2

    A beautiful table with a very nice stand, so great. That‘s a christmas gift to wrap 😁

  • @fotabug
    @fotabug 4 роки тому

    A great video!

  • @charlesfelizardodesousaped1455
    @charlesfelizardodesousaped1455 5 років тому +3

    uma verdadeira obra de arte👏👏👏

  • @number1beastielover
    @number1beastielover 5 років тому

    You should design furniture so the whole world can see how gifted you are.

  • @adamproch8369
    @adamproch8369 5 років тому

    Cool video. 😀

  • @user-ne4jf4qj3n
    @user-ne4jf4qj3n 5 років тому

    Просто Бомба!!!👏👏👏💣💣💣💥💥💥 Мастера своего дела!!!

  • @nespecificiran
    @nespecificiran 5 років тому

    Svaka cast ljudi za ideju, izradu i alat 👍

  • @janklaas3242
    @janklaas3242 5 років тому

    Combining good music with good craftsmanship well done! Happy new year!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you, glad you like it! All the best to you in 2019! :D

  • @soroushsefidkar
    @soroushsefidkar 5 років тому

    This is a piece of art, I enjoyed the whole 11:21 second of this video. Also, epic choice of music !!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you! I'm really glad you enjoyed it!

  • @lauriedepaurie
    @lauriedepaurie 5 років тому

    That is a beautiful table! Really cool design

  • @toolsconsumables7055
    @toolsconsumables7055 5 років тому +1

    Dear Sir,
    Yet another thief proof piece of furniture that will will the centre of talks during it's use. What perfect excuse to run it in than to celebrate Christmas amongst family & friends. You'll all have plenty to talk about & raise toasts to sorts of wishes. Beautiful as always. On another note have a Merry Christmas & a very happy New Year 2019 filled with projects. Kind regards.

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Thank you once again for your beautiful comment! Whenever I post a video, I know I can count on you to cheer me up! Thank you and also, Merry Christmas and a happy 2019!

    • @toolsconsumables7055
      @toolsconsumables7055 5 років тому

      @@lignumchannel Dear Sir,
      Thank you very much for your courteous reply. I look forward with great anticipation to see your 2019 collection. best wishes. Kind regards.

  • @SteveLeonov
    @SteveLeonov 4 роки тому +1

    Ну прям очень круто! Я понял, что роботом можно сделать практически всё, убрать весь инструмент и оставить одного робота))))

  • @patrik5123
    @patrik5123 5 років тому

    This is GORGEOUS.

  • @timriddle1401
    @timriddle1401 4 роки тому

    I felt like standing up and applauding at the end.

  • @gabrieletruglio310
    @gabrieletruglio310 5 років тому

    I think you're the best maker i ever seen.
    Have a new fantastic year man...

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      I really appreciate it but there are many who are much better.. Have a great 2019. Gabriele!

  • @MeWithSNSD
    @MeWithSNSD 5 років тому

    the music reminds me of Tom and Jerry when Tom was playing this song on piano where Jerry was sleeping inside that piano! btw your works are awesome!

  • @emiajaragrev419
    @emiajaragrev419 2 роки тому

    congratulations to machines !!!

  • @Gmoneysful
    @Gmoneysful 5 років тому

    Simply Beautiful !

  • @learnwithfatima6362
    @learnwithfatima6362 3 роки тому

    👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾👍🏾Good job

  • @jaimegarcia9032
    @jaimegarcia9032 2 роки тому

    Beutiful work guys.

  • @vinamato103
    @vinamato103 5 років тому

    Gorgeous... Nicely done!

  • @RedmarKerkhof
    @RedmarKerkhof 5 років тому

    I like the music choice on this one. Great job lads!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Glad you like it! I was sceptical about using this music piece but the more I listen to it, the more I think it suits the project..

  • @ishmaelnewham5183
    @ishmaelnewham5183 3 роки тому

    Beautifully made, craftsman ship at its finest.
    What was the reason behind using solid steel instead of boxing on the top.?

  • @bmw2002usa
    @bmw2002usa 4 роки тому

    Top Job!!!

  • @REDAREDA-wu1rr
    @REDAREDA-wu1rr 4 роки тому

    it seems like the table's legs play and dance the music in the background. THE BALLET TABLE or THE DANCING TABLE, should be the name. Love from Algeria.

  • @edercriarte9142
    @edercriarte9142 5 років тому

    Show de bola, um grande abraço desde Goiás , Brasil , vou copiar e fazer uma, já que minha esposa me pediu uma mesa pra sala de jantar, está aí uma otima idéia, Parabéns!!!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Go for it! I hope it turns out great! Send a photo of it when you're done! Cheers from Croatia!

  • @vladimirbohomol4491
    @vladimirbohomol4491 5 років тому

    It's fantastic!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Thank you Vladimir! You have the same name as my father in law :D

  • @TheScooby0000
    @TheScooby0000 5 років тому

    Really in joy that video and the workmanship

  • @73k_m
    @73k_m 5 років тому

    Best welding idea

  • @niall_o_donovan
    @niall_o_donovan 5 років тому

    Bellissimo! Worth waiting for. I love the metal frame. It has the quality of a 3D tattoo. I thought you might use a laser to level the legs, but of course when you have a Kuga standing in the corner of the workshop why not use it ;-) This table will look in the director's (your) office !

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому

      Actually it ended up in friends dining room. Tbh, I didn't plan using the robot for marking. I already started positioning the laser level while the legs were positioned on the table, then it dawned on me.. :D Glad you like it Niall, thank you.

  • @rafaelvendramini3686
    @rafaelvendramini3686 4 роки тому

    This wood is beautiful!! Congrs for the amazing job!

  • @narimansadeghi9121
    @narimansadeghi9121 5 років тому

    Very nice! Especially the music that you choosen!

  • @michelpeiro5371
    @michelpeiro5371 5 років тому

    Magnifique ! Sublime ! Amazing and Beautiful ! A real artist work 👍🏻.
    Michel from France

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Glad you like it Michel! Cheers from Croatia! :D

  • @lucianalemos5204
    @lucianalemos5204 5 років тому +1

    Esses caras são profissionais mesmos ..e criativos...cada uma mais linda que a outra

  • @ChadHadsell
    @ChadHadsell 5 років тому +110

    6:43 - Most expensive layout jig EVER...

    • @latable558
      @latable558 5 років тому +5

      they could just use a laser

    • @jlribeiro
      @jlribeiro 5 років тому +3

      ​@@latable558 I thought the same. Also, i believe would be easier with a laser...

    • @guardinoinc.7490
      @guardinoinc.7490 4 роки тому

      La Table 55 or a string w/line level

    • @MouhamedHG
      @MouhamedHG 4 роки тому +1

      @@jlribeiro ​they created the reference from the robot arm cnc, the feet should be parallel to the base, if they wanted to use a laser, they had to sand the base, make sure it's level to the ground, then use the laser to level the feet.
      What they have done is smarter and easier because they already have the robot arm, and they replicated what they want to do with the table, and they know the feet distance with a simple command.

  • @DamarinaV
    @DamarinaV 5 років тому

    Beautiful. Great job.

  • @shutter2music755
    @shutter2music755 5 років тому

    Very beautiful! Great work

  • @user-ow4pv1ir8u
    @user-ow4pv1ir8u 5 років тому

    И стол, и ролик просто класс!!! Хочу еще!

  • @titobee-lard5724
    @titobee-lard5724 5 років тому

    the music is pure enjoyment!!

  • @gabrieldai88
    @gabrieldai88 5 років тому

    You are the best, man!

  • @johnconklin9039
    @johnconklin9039 5 років тому

    Amazing as always. That's one heavy duty table!

    • @lignumchannel
      @lignumchannel  5 років тому +1

      Tbh, I was afraid it would be too wobbly when I welded the legs.. But after tabletop pressed it down, it became steady as a rock.. Glad you like it John!

  • @matth748r
    @matth748r 2 роки тому

    big technologie, congratulation !