Making a better 3D printed hydroponics system

[@SciencebangCoUk]

Great video, just a question. Will the epoxy chemicals Leech into the water and eventually the plants and food?

[@matoumakes]

Honestly, I know too little about that epoxy to answer that. However, since I made the video I’ve switched to using specifically non-toxic resin for my projects. That is most likely safer.

[@jeremycbarnhart2305]

Great vid!
1. Odd you didn't take a moment to print a better way to hold the plants. There's a great POOL NOODLE design as well for a larger hole.
2. What printer did you use, may I ask?
3. It would be great to have an extra 3D printed grow light 'arm' option.

[@matoumakes]

Why would that be better? A pool noodle would hardly fit in such a small system.

[@jeremycbarnhart2305]

@@matoumakes The pool Noodle fix (which is a great vid, if you check it out) would need to be tweaked, but you've got a great understanding of your tools; I'm surprised you didn't print a system for holding the plant.
Regardless! I love your channel and design!
Cheers

[@matoumakes]

Thanks 😉

[@MrMaxBushido]

Wintergatan

[@ricardo-iw9sq]

the marble machine is a thing of beauty and the music 🤯 .

[@matoumakes]

Absolutely! 😃

[@akzorz9197]

Thank you so much for this. It's exactly what I've been looking for. I think the plug for Wintergatan is awesome, you da real MVP.

[@matoumakes]

Glad you like it 😃

[@unknown243]

I love the use of the marble machine song. I love that tune!

[@matoumakes]

Yes. It’s awesome 😃

[@EggCess]

I find the lack of cats disturbing.
But I love the video. Great production quality, humorous, educational and relaxing to watch. Good stuff!

[@matoumakes]

Yes, should definitely include more cats.
But it's also nice to be able to finish a build for once without the kittens stealing half of my tools and stuff :D

[@Mottersmotters]

Hello Great video. I have no plans to do anything with hydroponics but i loved watching the video as it has 3D printing in it. I love to see how different people are using 3D printing to their needs. Fantastic. Happy Christmas

[@matoumakes]

Thanks :)
Yes I'm absolutely fascinated by 3D printing and what is possible with it.

[@matthewzecchini9951]

You're skilled at videography. Well done man.

[@matoumakes]

Thanks 😃

[@mberlinger3]

Why did I think of searching for this the same day you uploaded it 🤣

[@matoumakes]

Hmmm. Curious 🤔😄

[@ct2034]

Beautiful choice of background music. If I were a youtuber I would only use martins music. But also very interesting content. Super interesting upgrade!

[@matoumakes]

Oh yes. Beautiful music. I listen to it so often :)

[@violettracey]

Thanks for designing this!

[@rationalagent6927]

You could attach the float to a valve or a sensor and make it fill up on it's own

[@yagerdriver4513]

I love the Starmashine 2000 from wintergatan ❤. Ive seen it live. Ive done a tower hydroponic with a Bucket as a base. It works perfectly. 😊

[@rompstar]

it's cool, for your next project, print something more practical, more root area and bigger plants ..

[@henrikwikstrom5705]

Nice!! Be careful when you use a filter, if i clogs you will have water comming out of the system. I have made a few watering systems and my experience is to avoid filters. Either you will have water everyware or the system will stop flowing and the plants dry.

[@matoumakes]

I think you are right. I've actually stopped using my filter.

[@ZenoxDemin]

@@matoumakes Maybe just a hole higher up, if it start flooding, it just bypass the filter and drain down.

[@matoumakes]

That might work. Someone also suggested to make two parts out of the water tank. Water would flow into one tank. Then overflow into the other. Particles should stay in the first part and the pump can be in the other.

[@munin81]

If you are having difficulty with algae, you may need to print covers for the open holes so that you're not getting any light exposure to the water itself.

[@matoumakes]

That’s a good idea and easy fix. Thanks!

[@VincePolevault]

When this guy says he likes NFTs he's talking about something different than people think

[@petere.2613]

Nice job! So if I understand you right, your pump is always running? What about a smaller angle about 2% and at the end a bell siphon, so that the roots can floate some time and all the water is exchanged by time.
Maybe you could simplify your design, no channels instead only a bowl with a inclined plane to one corner in which you place the bell siphon. The cover could be the same.

[@matoumakes]

That might work. Maybe I’ll try that. Thanks 🙂

[@FaenumVena]

a cheaper and easier to find alternative to epoxi is fish safe silicone. just paint it on and let it cure for at least 24 hours. although PLA is waterproof, so its not really needed. while its technicaly biodegradable, it needs the right temps and bacteria to do it, it doesnt just break down in landfill like a carrot would. People have done experiments where they left pla test prints out in their gardens for 2 years and its still as good as the day it was printed. im tempted to have a go at this one though.

[@matoumakes]

Yes, I have just recently learned that fact about the bio degradability and what that means. Was quite surprised by that.
Thank you for the hint with the silicone. Haven’t thought of that, yet.

[@EmilyKelton]

I was wondering how safe it would be to grow plants in something coated with epoxy as well. I'm guessing the fish safe silicone would alleviate that worry.

[@matoumakes]

@@EmilyKelton yes it would. I’ve since also switched to food-safe epoxy for my projects.

[@ThalassTKynn]

Now you just need to replace the reservoir with a fish tank and you'll never need to feed the plants haha

[@matoumakes]

That would be pretty cool. I’m just afraid I’d forget to feed the fish.

[@patrickderp1044]

cats getting into the hydroponic system
glad im not alone

[@matoumakes]

Hehe. They’re adorable, but I really need them to not swallow the substrate.

[@rykerhasyounow]

Excellent work.
Instead of the rubber wraps, perhaps making a ring with many curved fingers to hold the plant and grow with the plant?

[@matoumakes]

You mean 3d printed? Or I guess it could be cut from the foam. That could work. But the strips I have now are super easy and fast to make.

[@rykerhasyounow]

@@matoumakes I was thinking 3d printed. I was also thinking the foam would create a seal which is also good to keep the system closed and prevent more evaporation etc. 🤔

[@bloodyt7464]

if your sieve gets blocked, the pump just floods your room until the reservoir is empty ;)
i'd create a path to overflow, if the sieve is blocked.

[@ThePixeljunker]

Great video! I hope you update us with how it's working later on. I'm also interested in your shooting setup/equipment. :)

[@matoumakes]

Thank you 😃
The system's great for the intended purpose: I tend to forget to water my plants; after two months they are still alive with me only occasionally checking the water level 😄
And it's a great idea to also list the my equipment. Thanks for the suggestion! I'll put it in the video description.

[@ThePixeljunker]

@@matoumakes I'm also a forgetful plant person, but have cacti at the moment, so I'm minimizing risk. And no worries!

[@matoumakes]

Cacti, smart :)
We got rid of most of our plants due to them being poisonous to cats. But still want to have some culinary herbs.

[@fmacdonald3559]

Great design, if you find your plant roots are getting too much water you can set up a timer on the pump to stop the flow, eg 5 mins off and 10 minutes on.

[@matoumakes]

Ah yes. Maybe I should try that. Thank you

[@fmacdonald3559]

@@matoumakes I only mentioned that as I had similar problems with my hydroponics nft system with the water film being "too" deep

[@michaegi4717]

This is even cooler than the first version. I would cut the basil to have it wider and not so tall. Cutting the top produce side shoots. You also can use those side shoots as new plants.

[@matoumakes]

I like those tips. I will try that out. Thanks :)

[@michaegi4717]

@@matoumakes Immer knapp über einem Blattpaar einkürzen. Oberhalb der Blätter entstehen neue Seitentriebe.
Habe erst heute den Kanal entdeckt. Die Projekte finde ich super. Ich bin schon gespannt was ich hier sonst noch so entdecke.

[@matoumakes]

Oh ich dachte unter den Blättern, damit da die Wurzeln raus kommen. Okay wieder was gelernt.
Freut mich wenn die Videos gefallen 😃

[@michaegi4717]

@@matoumakes über den Blättern damit die verbleibende Pflanze neue Seitentriebe macht. Für die neuen Pflanzen/stecklinge sollte man nur zwei Blätter stehen lassen, die Blätter sollten nicht im Wasser stehen.
Gute Beschreibung für die Pflege:
ua-cam.com/video/r-7qMj7u6N8/v-deo.html
ab ca 3minuten20 geht es ums ernten/vermehren.

[@nacs]

I like that you made the design simpler. Also the mini-NFT system with the tilted platform is clever. Nice work!
The only problem could be that there isn’t much space for the roots to grow? The roots can only go in the top water-channel area right? They can’t reach into the tank where there is more space?

[@matoumakes]

Thanks :)
Yes, the roots grow in the channel and indeed you are right. I currently have only half of the holes filled with plants because otherwise there wouldn't be enough space.

[@inesdorsch3563]

Schönes Video und cooles System Matou! Liebe Grüße!

[@matoumakes]

Hey hey. Dankeschön 😊

[@ezruarn]

WINTERGATAN MUSIC!

[@tedifibri]

nice works mate! a bit overkill :D

[@matoumakes]

Hihi 😄 Maybe a bit overkill. But interesting :)

[@Engineering_Science]

Is there any progress update on this? Maybe make a time lapse of it.

[@TerraMagnus]

Since the ducting is sitting over a sump, do you think the epoxy on that tray is even necessary? Any water that seeps through the tray will drip back into the sump.
For filament, have you tried PETG? It might work better for garden related prints.

[@WeitmannInc]

super nice project. I built similar ones 😁 try an ebb and flow system. Pay attention to dry phases. When the pump switches off, the water from the plants is returned to the tank by the pump. Due to the high water level, you have good fertilization. it would be great if the water tank would close tightly with the construction, but that is what I failed. I wish you success.

[@matoumakes]

Thanks 😀
Why would the tank need to close tightly? As long as no light goes in, it should be fine, I think.

[@WeitmannInc]

@@matoumakes
I thought it would be useful if the water tank was tight for transport to the wash basin for cleaning. ..perhaps a sealing lip made of tpu. this can be printed at the same temperature as petg. and create a contact pressure with screws. 🤷

[@matoumakes]

Ah okay. Yes that would be useful. But I imagine just adding some kind of rubber would be easier than 3d printing something.

[@MorphAssault]

Pleaseee design another one (possible modular / bigger) with similar design

[@MorphAssault]

So they can grow bigger inside

[@matoumakes]

Making my design bigger might be difficult.
But do you know this one already?
ua-cam.com/video/Ak4sb-nRAcE/v-deo.html

[@MorphAssault]

Thanks so much for the reply !!!
I just meant for some bigger plants roots system so they can grow a little bigger? Most I see I feel like wouldn’t be able to hold very big plants
Thank you so much for your reply though!!

[@1over137]

3D Printing is so much easier when you watch someone else do it. On UA-cam it's just "BING!" and a 3D printed planter appears. In the real world however that planter probably took 20 hours just for the main bit. Add another 8 hours of the lid and so on....

[@matoumakes]

Oh yeah. I think those estimates of yours are pretty accurate :D
Obviously, I want bore you with hour-long print videos. But maybe I should add some numbers how long this takes 🤔
What do you think?

[@jonathankr]

epoxy and food? is it bad?

[@matoumakes]

I don’t know how bad it actually is. However, I have since switched to using food-safe epoxy. I think it’s definitely smarter this way. The other advantage is that the food-safe epoxy that I have doesn’t smell like the other one.

[@robertmarks2379]

Good video! Its not gona work for long as the channels arnt big enough but if the bottom part was just open and just a tank of water and nutrients it would work awesome! Im not picking holes just giving a little advice. Great video

[@RazorSkinned86]

Careful with epoxy resins and growing herbs for food. Epoxy resins use BPA as the hardener component of the resin. It's safer for your long term health to print the parts that will need to be water resistant from PETG and just eliminate the need for epoxy resin.

[@matoumakes]

That's a good hint. I will need to use more PETG in my projects.

[@RazorSkinned86]

@@matoumakes another tip is you can cut down on having the clean it so often by adding a UV-C LED in the water reservoir. The fertilizer in the water promotes algae, bacteria, and mold growth but UV-C light will sterilize the water and prevent that. Just make sure that the roots aren't exposed to the UV-C light in the reservoir and make sure to use black PETG (more uv resistant than non-black plastic) for the inside of the reservoir.

[@matoumakes]

Ah that’s interesting! Thanks

[@chadm2343]

Hi, I would think you'd get root rot from directly submerging roots, no?

[@tvideo1189]

A simple aquarium air lift would be much quieter, lift PLENTY of nutrient, and be clog-proof.

[@matoumakes]

Hm. Haven’t heard of that. Also I didn’t have one lying around 😄
But might be worth checking it out for future projects. Thanks

[@hendawyjr]

keep it up 🔥🔥

[@JoseOrtiz-pf4ve]

8mm nozzle and more heat helps tomake prints slightky more water tight

[@matoumakes]

Oh that is interesting. I never used any other nozzle than the 0.4mm. But I have different nozzle sizes here. I should try that. Thank you!

[@osas9104]

Awesome Idea. I am a beginner in 3d printing and will try this once I am more comfortable. How do the herbs like the new system so far?

[@matoumakes]

It works better than I expected. Only minimal maintenance (as in: I add water and nutrients every now and then) is necessary. It doesn't even clog at all. Of course it should also be cleaned sometimes.

[@osas9104]

@@matoumakes danke fürs antworten :D

[@matoumakes]

@Andrew Kay Heyhey. I currently had to take the system apart and stop using it because I recently moved to a new place. So far I hadn’t have the chance to start using it again. I might not be able to make an update in the near future. Sorry.

[@jalcock1982]

I really like the simplicity of this design. Do you get root rot with this setup? I designed a larger system using drain pipes but I couldn't stop the rot!

[@matoumakes]

I changed the plants in there quite regularly, so I don't really know. But it could image that rot might be an issue after a while.

[@indigo2266]

Hi! I was thinking about printing this myself. Do you know how much filament it used?

[@matoumakes]

Oh good question. I don’t quite remember. But I think slicers usually give good estimates about that.

[@indigo2266]

@@matoumakes ah yes, thanks

[@katerogerson3074]

Soo ... now that you made the awesome upgraded version, surely you gave the old one to the kittens, to finally play with to their heart's content? And just accidentally forgot to show us footage of them, which you will remedy post-haste in future videos? 😻

[@matoumakes]

😸

[@cameron4994]

I feel like this comment wasn't taken seriously enough... We're waiting. 😎

[@matoumakes]

@@cameron4994 😅 the old one was kinda gross inside because of substrate residue. I’d rather not give this to the cats.
However, I did record some kitten footage lately, which I really should upload, I guess 😄

[@cameron4994]

@@matoumakes I think you should 😂

[@machun01]

Really cool idea :) but what happens if the filter clogs ? I think this needs an overflow backup hole.

[@matoumakes]

I actually just stopped using the filter. I think you are right that an overflow protection would be good.

[@db19812009]

How much does it cost in supplies to make on of these?

[@matoumakes]

I’d say that’s about half of a 1kg spool of filament, so about 8-15€.

[@Nadesican]

Are you positive that epoxy isn't leeching chemicals into the water, and then into the plants and then you?

[@shannag5324]

This is my question as well. Epoxy isn’t usually food safe, so I’ve hesitated to use it in my aqua and hydroponics.

[@njord1697]

Make another video on it

[@gunnarthesavagedangerous6164]

I would like to comment I am subscribing purely because of the music in your intro

[@The_Digital_Samurai]

If you add more walls you don't need to water proof it. I built a few aquaponics systems with Bell Siphons and they retain water just fine on my shelf. I am about to redesign mine now too after watching this.

[@matoumakes]

Oh really? You got out water proof? Gotta try that as well.
But I thought PLA actually absorbs some water.

[@The_Digital_Samurai]

@@matoumakes Hit me up on discord Digisamurai#2475 and I can help. I have had a number of printers but I now only have a Prusa and an anycubic. Probably going to buy another creality someday though for build volume. Depending on the slicer I can tell you what value to change.

[@tantaloss8682]

Mmm, Wintergatan.

[@christopherd.winnan8701]

I would also like to see a solar panel component.

[@matoumakes]

Uh I love that idea!
Although I imagine solar might be better for an outdoor system.

[@christopherd.winnan8701]

@@matoumakes I was thinking a phone recharger type panel so that I could keep down my electricty costs.

[@matoumakes]

@@christopherd.winnan8701 Oh yeah. I guess it would still be useful especially when it's at a window with sufficient sunlight.

[@robertchiscop3282]

Why you dont try to increase the temp of the printer to dont be
necessary to coating with resin anymore!

[@matoumakes]

I'd still be afraid it might leak after a while. Or is it that reliable?
I might test that.

[@robertchiscop3282]

@@matoumakes doesnt have how to leak after a while, because you don t have high pressure, and don t make filets, just straight edge

[@matoumakes]

Wasn’t sure if it maybe leaks directly into the plastic.

[@simsector4229]

I am ordering all the materials to buy for this system but I still am wondering what nutrients you are using. Did you buy yours off of amazon?

[@matoumakes]

Hey. Yeah it was from Amazon. Germany, though. This one: www.amazon.de/GREEN24-Hydrokultur-Hydroponic-Flüssigdünger-HIGHTECH/dp/B00BZQ9ST2

[@simsector4229]

@@matoumakes Thanks!

[@tobiastho9639]

Did the power consumption increase because of the continues flow?

[@matoumakes]

That’s a good question. I currently don’t have anything to measure that. The pump takes about 2W. I would expect the WiFi power plug to use less than that. So probably the consumption increased a bit.

[@menjira]

@@matoumakes what pump are you using for this build?

[@matoumakes]

@@menjira I think it was a Repti Flo 200

[@sageslarres]

you need a overflow pipe so that if the filter clogs you dont get water everywhere

[@matoumakes]

Ah, I think if I check it regularly it should be fine. Of course, I could be shooting myself in the foot with that 😅

[@sageslarres]

@@matoumakes its a really easy fix for a potentially big problem :)

[@matoumakes]

Yes that’s true. Might even just drill a hole in the already printed one 😄

[@sageslarres]

@@matoumakes that would do it ^^

[@Atonicman]

Hello, how long did the print take for you ?

[@matoumakes]

If I am looking at the correct files, the largest part was about 24 hours and the second largest around 18 hours. Can't find the file for the lid right now. The water level meter was 3.5 hours.

[@troncoprimos8390]

Very well video i Like it

[@matoumakes]

Thank you 😀

[@fsecofficial]

What’s the print time on this?

[@matoumakes]

It was about 20 hours for the water tank. Around 22 for the water channels and about 10 for the lid. All the small parts went pretty quickly.
But all in all definitely some print time 😁

[@fsecofficial]

@@matoumakes I just designed a similar one and just the tank was 1day 2hours in cura 5% infill lol. I think I’ll stick with ugly buckets 🪣

[@matoumakes]

I think using things that you already have are a great idea!

[@richardpospisil1596]

Does it make noise?

[@matoumakes]

It’s pretty quiet. You can hear the pump very faintly. The water a bit better. But I can easily sleep next to it.
Although that might me different for other people.

[@70newlife]

What is this ? A one week print?

[@matoumakes]

😄 It was a while. About 20 hours if I recall correctly

[@70newlife]

@@matoumakes 20 hours for such a large print is not bad at all.

[@matoumakes]

I think so too.

[@pvtglarson1]

i keep getting visions of a marble machine if anyone knows what i mean .. subliminal music it is

[@TheDrollmicrochip]

Good news for my w... Eh... Tomatos!!

[@matoumakes]

😅

[@freezyAndHaze]

SSSMAAAAASHED like

[@matoumakes]

😄

[@sarunasvebra8413]

Link doesnt work :( where to take a look at those files ?

[@matoumakes]

The thingiverse link? It should be working... 🤔

[@joejia1410]

meanwhile my cat eating all my plants:

[@matoumakes]

Hope the cat’s alright 🐈

[@joejia1410]

@@matoumakes He just REALLY likes mint

[@matoumakes]

@@joejia1410 😆

[@Lipi19821]

ebb & flow if I remember correctly .... not flood & drain

[@matoumakes]

I believe both terms are being used.

[@greendsnow]

cat safety is my number 1 priority. JK

[@AJB2K3]

nice!

[@matoumakes]

Thanks 😀

[@xanderlockhart2041]

Nft go wrong need backup power source

[@matoumakes]

I guess you're right. Some kind of backup would be called for.
Maybe I should add a battery-powered sensor that alerts me if the water stops flowing.

[@merazmario]

Broken Link :(

[@matoumakes]

That's weird. It should have worked, but only works if I'm logged in. 🤔
Anyway, I have replaced the MyMiniFactory link with one to the object on Thingiverse. 🙂
Thank you for letting me know!

[@merazmario]

@@matoumakes iam login 😎, thks for new link

[@sergejjost]

Anstatt Gummiband Steinwolle, , anstatt PLA - PETG , und Filter einfach vor der Pumpe machen , sonst läuft es über.
Sonst ist nicht schlecht

[@matoumakes]

Moosgummi war einfacher zu bekommen als Steinwolle. PLA ist leichter zu drucken und hatte ich gerade da.
Filter vor der Pumpe wäre 'ne Möglichkeit die ich mal ausprobieren könnte.

[@mattx9260]

plants dont like constant water cept lettace, onions ect.

[@matoumakes]

I think it depends on the amount of oxygen in the water.
I was hoping that the dripping back into the tank and the pumping up would introduce sufficient air so that it wouldn’t be a problem.

[@mattx9260]

@@matoumakes maybe that was my issue, you should update how its going in a few months.

[@Cleanblue1990]

Is the model no longer available? Link goes to a 404 page

[@matoumakes]

Hm 🤔
That’s weird. It should be working. I just tried it (both normal and in private mode) and it worked fine.
I think someone reported an issue to me like this earlier. I don’t really know how to fix that.

[@Cleanblue1990]

@@matoumakes I again tried it and still no success. Could it be a regional thing? From Germany, the link does not work. I cannot even find your design on myminifactory when I search for it.

[@matoumakes]

@@Cleanblue1990 Wait. The link in the description should go to thingiverse, not myminifactory. Though, I also have it on myminifactory. But there I've had many people not being able to access it, which is weird, because it's definitely set to public.
I'll try to add the thingiverse link here: www.thingiverse.com/thing:4669184
It's thing number 4669184, in case that doesn't work either, maybe entering that on thingiverse might help?

[@Cleanblue1990]

@@matoumakes Yep, I have found it on thingiverse, after I saw a comment of yours mentioning it. I'll definitively give this design a try. Though I will search for a bottom container in order to skip the print and sealing of that part

[@matoumakes]

I think that’s a good idea 😄

[@Maarcell8]

Sorry, die Idee ist unpraktisch, es wird Vollwurzeln und verstopfen 😅. Du könntest auch mit einer Aquariumpumpe Luft in einen Eimer pumpen und oben mit den Deckel die Pflanzen rauf packen. Das ist noch leichter zu reinigen und es wächst nichts zu.

[@matoumakes]

Möglich, dass es irgendwann zu viele Wurzeln werden. Stimmt. Bisher funktioniert es noch gut. So ein System mit Luft-Pumpe hatte ich auch schon überlegt auszuprobieren.

[@shovelsandpicks9808]

The tank volume is too small. It will be very difficult to control the EC and PH levels in it.

[@matoumakes]

That’s a good point. I’m currently thinking about a bigger system. Good to know to keep that in mind

[@makewithmegma]

😍❤👍

[@surronzak8154]

You switched from ebb and flo to NFT

[@matoumakes]

Jep. It's easier to maintain.

[@surronzak8154]

@@matoumakes you could add a bubbler to oxygen water a bit, will help growth

[@matoumakes]

@@surronzak8154 I thought about doing that but decided against it, hoping that the water falling back down into the tank would add sufficient oxygen.

[@surronzak8154]

@@matoumakes There are some venturi water pump outlet you can put on your pump, this way you oxygenate the water wihout a bubbler .

[@matoumakes]

Ah I didn’t know that. Thank you!

[@puretoronto]

Print in PETG.

[@knezivan1]

epoxy is not really food grade soo you could get poisoned

[@xanderlockhart2041]

I think you should buy first aero garden and plant with it and learn to improve your system

[@matoumakes]

Nah. The goal was to build and learn from that.
I agree that I am far away from perfect. 😅

[@sannaguime]

there's no need to 3d print this!

[@matoumakes]

I mean. There’s no need for a lot of things. But there’s still a lot to be learned from it.

[@sergejjost]

PETG is better.

[@matoumakes]

I know PETG can theoretically handle water better. But I'm not sure that applies to prints like this.

[@itsraphi4715]

show that you are german without actually showing you are german lol

[@matoumakes]

😄

[@xara9153]

Hahaha it's sponsored by me . Cringe level 1000

[@matoumakes]

;)

[@eeguy77]

I'm going to guess that there was never an update video on this because it didn't work. Plants have roots. They need a lot more space than you gave them. You barely gave enough space for one plant's roots in that channel, and you stuffed 8 in there.