It's a Zoom Recorder, all those dials are for various mics that can get plugged into it and monitored independently. It also happens to have a built in mic which is what he's using!
No way dude. That is like a beard and a quarter at most. An island in an ocean of beard... An arm pit vs a grizzly bear... That guy stole God's beard, and put it on his face!
This interview was intellectually delicious. I feel like my mind and imagination have just finished dessert and I'm happily full. Thank you Fraser for this amazing guest.
I always listen to these while running or mowing the lawn, but I had to come back just to comment, this is one of the best interviewees you’ve had on the show! Interesting and very well spoken, love his energy! Here’s to hoping we make a ground breaking discovery within the next decade or so.
@@andylove7281 what difference will it make if we are alone or not? What I find sad is the inability of humanity to evolve - it’s made the world a place of exploitation and suffering.
You know, in my church we have a common belief that God's children are on multiple planets, and although we almost never talk about it cause it's not an important detail in the scope of central Christian doctrine, it's made me think SO much about this. I'd like to get better acquainted with the physics so I can make the depth of the Fermi filters more tangible, but whether from hearing in Church while a child, from blind hope, or a sheer matter of statistical inevitability--I've always known that life HAS to be out there. This universe is too big and beautiful for just us to enjoy
Thank you for this interview. It was my favorite interview that you have ever done. It was so thought provoking and covered all of the topics that I am curious about. Graham shared so many thoughts on “life” in general and ways of thinking about what life could be in such an easy manner with all of the curiosity of a child. It also frightens me that we could possibly be alone-at least in our corner of the universe. I am going to view this interview again. I hope Graham will come back and speak on this channel again.
GAIA was "only" able to see about 2 billion stars in the milky way, but we estimate that there may be as many as 400 billion - is there any way that we can increase the number we can see with future missions? Are there any plans to do so?
Thing about extremophiles - did they *originate* in the extreme environment, or did they originate in gentler places, and *evolve* to tolerate the extreme environment? Because if it is the latter, they don't tell us anything about the origin of life, either here, or on other planets, and they can't be used as evidence that life could originate on extreme planets - merely that life could *survive* there, once they had originated somewhere less extreme.
Exactly! Excellent point and I agree. While I find it fascinating and impressive that life on Earth has evolved to occupy as many niches as it has, ultimately that's a feature of life once it has got started (via processes and means currently unknown to us). To me, the bigger question is - how likely is the Universe, with its laws of chemistry, physics and geology; can form living things from non-living materials? Just how does it go about forming even the SIMPLEST living cell? I know that the simplest living thing on Earth NOW is likely far more complex than the FIRST living thing, but still; the requirements of living organisms even just to take in energy, respond to an environment, store information about its own 'internals' and be capable of reproducing with sufficient fidelity for evolution to work - that all seems like a HUGE ask for blind physical processes. Some thinkers like Paul Davies have suggested that there might exist hitherto-unknown processes related to self-organisation that might lift the liklihood of life forming, because others have likened the formation of life from non-living materials as being about as likely as a 'tornado sweeping through a dump and assembling a working Boeing 747'.
@@loopernoodling We know that all life on earth descended from a single cell some 4 billion years ago. So life originated exactly once on earth. We don't know how, we just know it did. So extremophiles like all other life forms evolved from something adapted to a more mundane environment. Their existence doesn't tell us anything about the origin of life. All it really says is, once life has started it might well adapt to survive to extreme surroundings. But the crucial question is, how likely is life originating completely separate from earth. We don't know anything about that.
When the Astronauts finally reach Mars, their musculature will be so weakend that they won't be able to do much. No amount of workout has prevented muscle loss of the ISS crews. If the Mars expedition makes it back, the crew may very well never be able to recover entirely.
To go to Mars on the chemical fuel timeline, what you say is likely correct. As I see it, to go takes ample radiation shielding, a vessel large enough for spin gravity at Earth levels and so large the inner ear isn't confused and finally some sort of faster propulsion. Given how well robots are doing just send them for the foreseeable future.
Refuel a ship in orbit to allow for a longer burn. If possible add an rotating habitat. The simulated gravity do not need to reach 1G as long at it have something. And combine that with the gymn. Medical research could perhaps yield something of use like something that slows down the muscle and bone mass loss. Every little thing may only help a little but together it should hopefully be enough.
Indeed, but there are some ingenious ways around this. Robert Zubrin highlighted in The Case for Mars in 1996 the work that had been done for decades in showing that we could use a spin on the spacecraft to replicate some amount of gravity on the transit between Earth and Mars, and I think that's likely to be incorporated into whatever our first human missions to the Red Planet will look like.
While in the process of writing and publishing my book that deal with these topics, I was astonished to see how many people from the general public actually believe that scientists have already discovered microbial life elsewhere in the solar system (and the universe). I could not believe how many people are completely oblivious to the fact that this is not the case. So, my guess is that when life elsewhere is indeed discovered, those people are just simply going to say that these are old news.
I've been fascinated by astronomy for 60 years and have come to the same conclusion as what you believe, that there is no other life in the universe. In fact, I concluded that 30 years ago and now I am even more convinced of it than ever. I really hope I'm proved wrong though. ;)
2:28 - first off, I think it's a super bad idea to spread our existence and location randomly to the universe. We do not know who is out there and how friendly they actually are and what there true intensions are (especially if they super intelligent )
Lets say we find life on another world in our solar system. The big question then becomes whether it shares heritage with life on Earth. If it doesn't, that makes it much more likely that the great filter that causes us to not have noticed intelligent aliens around other stars is in front of us, rather than behind us.
I like how we can barely see earth strength broadcast signals from 100 light years but somehow we have shown something about ruling out other civilizations. All we have ruled out is ludicrous levels of rearranging entire galaxies which may never have been a realistic metric.
@@hugegamer5988 The galaxy is old enough that a spacefaring civilization could have colonized all of it, even with slow colony ships. If abiogenesis is so easy as to happen twice in one solar system, it means the lower limit of number of worlds with any life in the galaxy goes from one, to at least tens of billions, more likely hundreds of billions. That means the liklihood that we're facing an extinction level threat we don't know about also increases billions of times.
Life with an independent origin says nothing about whether or not there is a filter, as it says nothing about the number of dead civilisations out there. It could be that the filter is between microbial life and complex life. We just can’t tell.
Personally, I don't believe we are alone in the Universe. I believe we're no where near intelligent enough or technologically advanced to actively seek out new worlds and species. We aren't going to go where no man has gone before. We're barely out of the trees yet.
@@loqutisborg5416 we will invent AI that would be smart enough to. Just need another 100 years , if we don’t have ww3 we will be able to travel the universe via a proxy
Now I want to take a class on everything groovy. Maybe even getting my doctorate in it, just so I can be "The Other Professor of Everything Groovy" Lol at the journalist part of you taking over at the end
Ken Nealson, who's great at answering emails, is my favorite astrobiologist. If he could send a lander to one place, it would be the hot springs of Ganymede. Reach out to him!
Why are we able to use isotope ratios to determine what body an object is from? It makes sense for extrasolar objects, but for in-system objects, everything formed from the same proto-planetary disc. Wouldn't they all have the same ratios?
Yes and no. Our solar system's natural isotope ratios were locked in initially, you're definitely right there (and that's also why we're able to identify presolar grains in meteorites). But there are lots of processes that cause fractionation of isotopes, from how they distribute in different minerals during melting and crystalizing of rocks to gas exchange fractionations and even photochemical fractionations. But on top of that, life leaves a significant isotopic fingerprint in many systems as well. We were able to use the isotopic ratios from Mars' atmosphere and gas inclusions in certain meteorites to tell us that those meteorites had come from Mars because they had trapped Martian atmospheric gases inside of them!
I have question for you! Can to black holes colide directly, without orbiting each other? What kind of power would be made, and how would that gravitional wave look like?
Honestly, if we found an alien tumbleweed I would not be all that impressed. I have always thought that life must have arisen on other worlds. If we ever detected something that appeared to be language however...
@@charlesgibson2171Are you not counting planet earth and it's trilions of lifeforms as not part of the universe or are you trying to gaslight us to think we are not real?
@@AM-gx3dy what? I'm pretty sure the op was just saying how there is a possibility. I have no idea why you asked for clarification. Both of your replies seem to be arguing with people you agree with. Have a great life, it won't involve me ever again
@@hive_indicator318 Sir...read his coment again. There is life in the universe... We are in thw universe We are alive Our universe is capable of generating life, it doesnt matter you think we are made by god, or science, or both, or none. We still alive In the universe This is not for debate.
If we finally find a technological civilization we could send them a message saying: "Good morning. How are you". If they understand English, they could reply: "Very well, thank you". The only slight snag is that if the planet on which they live is nearby, say 100 light years away, we would have to wait 200 years for a reply!
I wish I could remember the details of the idea of the first sighting of the native habitants seeing for the first time the Spanish ships off shore, and how they more or less where not there, then suddenly they were as their minds digested what they where seeing, but parts of this discussion, and finding life afar, reminded me of this. The thinking in this being, we are the natives looking to a vast sea and trying to see ships but our view is limited by our own imaginations as well as what is or is not there. Food for thought, to be sure. Are we as much a limiter to our awareness of other life as the universe itself...
🎵"All These Worlds Are Yours Except Europa. Attempt No Landing There."🎵 🎵 'Also Sprach Zarathustra' Opus 30 🎵 - by Richard Strauss - (*Use Them Together* *Use Them In Peace*)
I certainly have my doubts. As far as I can tell, his "evidence" so far is mostly "I heard from a guy who heard from a guy". But, that said, I'm probably a bit more willing to consider the idea that UFO/UAP are actually aliens (or even human time travelers) than others. But one thing I will say is that you can judge the value of the arguments of people who believe that UAP are aliens by whether they are also willing to be skeptical and admit that what is happening might have nothing at all to do with aliens. Those are the more serious people in pro-alien side of the UAP conversation.
I love that term the "panzoic effect" the thought that people with open minds span a plethora of exploration and humanity without boarders like the overview effect. That is interesting. I alwayse thought of it personally as the "Einstein effect" that some of us are just born with an innate curiosity about understanding the universe and an understanding that we are all one race. I think it came from being raised on star trek during my childhood that sparked that thinking.
Dr Keating of Cool Worlds channel did a great dive on how we could very easily be alone in the universe -all simply depends on the probability of abiogensis, life arising from non-living matter. Remember, we haven't been able to duplicate the process in the lab yet. It could be that abiogenesis is such an unlikely event, that it requires so many unlikely steps to occur accidently in some specific order, that its only occurred once.
Discovering alien intelligence would be a game changer. Discovering simple cellular life would be cool, but ultimately not life changing. Of course, there are some possibilities in between.
What I don’t understand is Viking one and Viking two apparently had tests that were test for the presence of life, and they both were positive., But no one ever seems to talk about it. Why?
You don’t know what you’re talking about. The debate over the results from Viking I and II was huge and continues to be huge. What happened was that scientists realized that the data could be better, and easier, to explain by chemistry and not biology. While that doesn’t rule out life we need much more evidence to determine if there’s life or not.
Honestly, if we found life in our solar system, I’m not sure if that would necessarily bring us closer to answering the question “are we alone”. It may just be more insight into panspermia, and we could just conclude “ok maybe life just originated in our solar system”.
Hey Fraser, I am here with a question. Is it possible to cure near sightedness theoretically by placing a micro black hole in front of the eye through gravitational lensing? If yes, how big that black hole needs to be if there are any calculations.
Turbulent? Are you talking about solar wind? Perhaps the colonisation could be a turbulent process? Countless millions of people living on space habitats slowly drifting away into space.
@@michaelpettersson4919 I'm talking about spacetime, not things in spacetime. I've always seen the assumption that expansion in the early universe is smooth because of how fast it happened. It seems to me that it could not have been very smooth due to the fact that we see galaxies very early in history. Maybe expansion wasn't very smooth, as assumed.
@@takanara7 We can see differences in spacetime from one place to another today (that's how gravitational lensing works). So, could the expansion of spacetime be non-uniform (turbulent)? It seems obvious that it can't be totally uniform, but would that cause vortexes and such? Does enthalpy cause it to try to equalize potential energy across areas with variations?
If there was life at Europa's Deep Sea Vents would we be able to tell from just under the ice? Or, would we have to send something deeper? I'm talking about indications of life. Not shrimp in front of the camera lens.
For crewed mission to the Moon and Mars, would it be possible to stream a live 360 VR experience, thus allowing millions of people to experience those first steps as if they were there?
I'm the same. I don't think I'd want to live forever, but being able to 'pop back in and check how goes the scientific quest' every few decades of centuries would be delicious.
Possible to have a program about X-ray polarimetry? Normally used to study accreting Black Holes & Neutron Stars can this technique be used for the formation of stars and planetary systems? Do the current missions and telescopes have enough resolution to study these fainter accretions? Which mission would enable clearer observations? Are already being built or planned?
I've always been curious as to why returning to Enceladus hasn't been a priority for NASA. And not just for NASA-why haven't all the major world powers, like China, India, Russia, and Europe, been competing to return there? It seems that finding life elsewhere, far from Earth, would be the most important achievement a country could make in the history of humanity. So, knowing there's a place with a massive ocean, with perfect pH and salinity, hydrothermal vents, and that even conveniently ejects this liquid into space, making it easy to collect and analyze-why isn't there a "cold war" to get there again?
It's really hard to get there. We only found out about Enceladus' geysers and stuff with the last probe that went out to Saturn, and it takes way more energy to get to the Saturn system then it does to get to Jupiter.
Having the same type of DNA does not mean a shared origin. It could be that is how life works regardless of where it arises. DNA, as we know, it could be a universal law.
It may be some time, but at least with Europa Clipper launching next month (and JUICE already on the way) we'll start learning a lot more about Europa soon. And if things like the Icefin robot end up going under that ice in the next couple of decades, that would be exceptionally awesome!
23 minutes in he says alien life might use different DNA base pairs and it got me wondering why we don't find life on Earth with different base pairs then? If life originated from hydrothermal vents can we find younger microbes with different DNA at the bottom of the ocean?
Would it make sense to build a space based radiotelescope to listen for signals equivalent to the JWST? They could "listen" without terrestrial signal interference.
we may not even be capable of finding the higher truth that it turns out we're in some kind of living system on a larger cosmic scale and we're similar to an infection on a microscopic level
Nothing will happen other than we know we arnt alone, they won't be getting here anytime soon depending on whether they are intelligent or not, most already know we arnt alone, we are made of the most common elements in the universe so they is probably life everywhere
The search for life is one of the most important questions that science has. We should be using a range of quick, cost effective missions to a range of planets. The idea of putting an enormous budget into one manned mission to mars is absolutely the wrong approach. You are putting all your eggs in one basket and they are crazy expensive golden eggs. I also disagree that a human can do better sample gathering than a rover. A rover can cover a much bigger range of envorinments over much bigger distances than a short duration human mission can achieve. With our current technology all missions to planets should be robot missions. The complications & cost of keeping humans alive with a high safety margin just can't be justified. Dr Lau describes arguments for different types of chemical life, different types of environments & different planets. So why does he want NASA to use all it's budget getting humans to mars?
we absolutely need more robots in the solar system. The public seems fairly uninterested in what humans are doing in space. Meanwhile, the 7th floor at NASA HQ is entirely staffed by astronauts. Leave the human stuff to the private sector, and put metal on enceledaus, europa, get those mars samples, radar Venus again, more Titan action, too.
Human beings are explorers by nature. Here on Earth, the urge to constantly "go where no man has gone before", has resulted in many innovations and discoveries while pushing the upper and outer limits of known human endurance and resilience. Some of those discoveries were in unexpected areas such as medicine and food preservation. In space, medical discoveries and innovation will be (among many unknown others) in setting up and protecting the human body for prolonged space trips. This is part of why that singular push is required to open the gates of research and development, much of which is already underway. Now sadly, we don't expect to be using space jet equivalents any time soon, after all, we went thousands of years of sailing and oars to get from coast to coast until engines came along....
15:27 lol this animation- it's like a torpedo and it bumps the side of the intake hole. I'm just imagining NASA operating as haphazardly as this and it makes me giggle
is that microphone alien technology?
That question also comes to my mind. :)
It's a Zoom Recorder, all those dials are for various mics that can get plugged into it and monitored independently. It also happens to have a built in mic which is what he's using!
It looks like something they recovered from Roswell👽
@@sithraeil I believe all the huge leaps we've made in the past 50+ years, are somehow connected to non terrestrial means...
Borg technology
BEARD WARS. Two beards enter, one beard leaves.
BEARD WARS II: The Ascension of Kyle Hill
No way dude. That is like a beard and a quarter at most.
An island in an ocean of beard...
An arm pit vs a grizzly bear...
That guy stole God's beard, and put it on his face!
@@purrito4424 There is nothing to beard but beard itself. 😑
This was no beard war. This was a beard massacre! Only one beard stood a chance.
One beard to rule them all! son of a ....
Amazing interview!!!! Thank you for all your hard work!!!
Awesome interview!! I could watch you two for hours in these subjects!! Thanks fellas!! 👌💯🔥
A while back you asked a poll what are our favorite videos.
This
This is my favorite type of video. A really interesting interview
This interview was intellectually delicious. I feel like my mind and imagination have just finished dessert and I'm happily full. Thank you Fraser for this amazing guest.
@@DanielVerberne well said.
Deep conversations. Life is out there. Somewhere.
I always listen to these while running or mowing the lawn, but I had to come back just to comment, this is one of the best interviewees you’ve had on the show! Interesting and very well spoken, love his energy! Here’s to hoping we make a ground breaking discovery within the next decade or so.
I hope we're not alone in the universe, I find that Idea really sad
I hope we are. I hope life spreads from here
@@andylove7281 what difference will it make if we are alone or not? What I find sad is the inability of humanity to evolve - it’s made the world a place of exploitation and suffering.
You know, in my church we have a common belief that God's children are on multiple planets, and although we almost never talk about it cause it's not an important detail in the scope of central Christian doctrine, it's made me think SO much about this.
I'd like to get better acquainted with the physics so I can make the depth of the Fermi filters more tangible, but whether from hearing in Church while a child, from blind hope, or a sheer matter of statistical inevitability--I've always known that life HAS to be out there. This universe is too big and beautiful for just us to enjoy
@@bruthayoshi2111 That's some bonkers stuff
Thank you for this interview. It was my favorite interview that you have ever done. It was so thought provoking and covered all of the topics that I am curious about. Graham shared so many thoughts on “life” in general and ways of thinking about what life could be in such an easy manner with all of the curiosity of a child. It also frightens me that we could possibly be alone-at least in our corner of the universe. I am going to view this interview again. I hope Graham will come back and speak on this channel again.
This guy is amazing. Brilliant, soulful, and a great communicator.... and yeah, I want to touch his beard.
GAIA was "only" able to see about 2 billion stars in the milky way, but we estimate that there may be as many as 400 billion - is there any way that we can increase the number we can see with future missions? Are there any plans to do so?
$$$
@@BeKind-ve4idExaaaactly.
Thing about extremophiles - did they *originate* in the extreme environment, or did they originate in gentler places, and *evolve* to tolerate the extreme environment?
Because if it is the latter, they don't tell us anything about the origin of life, either here, or on other planets, and they can't be used as evidence that life could originate on extreme planets - merely that life could *survive* there, once they had originated somewhere less extreme.
Exactly! Excellent point and I agree.
While I find it fascinating and impressive that life on Earth has evolved to occupy as many niches as it has, ultimately that's a feature of life once it has got started (via processes and means currently unknown to us). To me, the bigger question is - how likely is the Universe, with its laws of chemistry, physics and geology; can form living things from non-living materials? Just how does it go about forming even the SIMPLEST living cell? I know that the simplest living thing on Earth NOW is likely far more complex than the FIRST living thing, but still; the requirements of living organisms even just to take in energy, respond to an environment, store information about its own 'internals' and be capable of reproducing with sufficient fidelity for evolution to work - that all seems like a HUGE ask for blind physical processes.
Some thinkers like Paul Davies have suggested that there might exist hitherto-unknown processes related to self-organisation that might lift the liklihood of life forming, because others have likened the formation of life from non-living materials as being about as likely as a 'tornado sweeping through a dump and assembling a working Boeing 747'.
@@loopernoodling We know that all life on earth descended from a single cell some 4 billion years ago. So life originated exactly once on earth. We don't know how, we just know it did.
So extremophiles like all other life forms evolved from something adapted to a more mundane environment. Their existence doesn't tell us anything about the origin of life. All it really says is, once life has started it might well adapt to survive to extreme surroundings. But the crucial question is, how likely is life originating completely separate from earth. We don't know anything about that.
Fraser C way behind with that beard 😂
No kidding.
Nailed the coloration though
That's an impressive beard 😊
I don't think Son of Anarchy have a req out for "science journalist, must ride Harley". Fraser will be fine.
Stop looking at Frazier's behind you freak
Super interesting interview! Thanks Fraser
I don't know if his mic is alien tec, but it's definitely very groovy!
Ha. Muchas gracias. It's definitely been a workhorse for me for many years. But it might be time to upgrade.
@@cosmobiologist nah, keep it, it's rad!
When the Astronauts finally reach Mars, their musculature will be so weakend that they won't be able to do much. No amount of workout has prevented muscle loss of the ISS crews. If the Mars expedition makes it back, the crew may very well never be able to recover entirely.
To go to Mars on the chemical fuel timeline, what you say is likely correct. As I see it, to go takes ample radiation shielding, a vessel large enough for spin gravity at Earth levels and so large the inner ear isn't confused and finally some sort of faster propulsion. Given how well robots are doing just send them for the foreseeable future.
Refuel a ship in orbit to allow for a longer burn. If possible add an rotating habitat. The simulated gravity do not need to reach 1G as long at it have something. And combine that with the gymn. Medical research could perhaps yield something of use like something that slows down the muscle and bone mass loss. Every little thing may only help a little but together it should hopefully be enough.
Indeed, but there are some ingenious ways around this. Robert Zubrin highlighted in The Case for Mars in 1996 the work that had been done for decades in showing that we could use a spin on the spacecraft to replicate some amount of gravity on the transit between Earth and Mars, and I think that's likely to be incorporated into whatever our first human missions to the Red Planet will look like.
I loved this interview! So fun listening to you both speaking on the topic of alien life. I find it to be the most captivating topic in astronomy
thanks for the interview :)
THIS IS ONE MY FAV EPS
Magnificent. Thanks, gentlemen
While in the process of writing and publishing my book that deal with these topics, I was astonished to see how many people from the general public actually believe that scientists have already discovered microbial life elsewhere in the solar system (and the universe). I could not believe how many people are completely oblivious to the fact that this is not the case. So, my guess is that when life elsewhere is indeed discovered, those people are just simply going to say that these are old news.
Excellent guest, worth re-watching and sharing!
Great Interview. many thanks.
I love love love this channel no bull crap , brilliant thanks ❤
I've been fascinated by astronomy for 60 years and have come to the same conclusion as what you believe, that there is no other life in the universe. In fact, I concluded that 30 years ago and now I am even more convinced of it than ever. I really hope I'm proved wrong though. ;)
There's no reason to think you're right
@@stephenfrench3888 The more you know about astronomy, the more there is.
2:28 - first off, I think it's a super bad idea to spread our existence and location randomly to the universe. We do not know who is out there and how friendly they actually are and what there true intensions are (especially if they super intelligent )
Lets say we find life on another world in our solar system. The big question then becomes whether it shares heritage with life on Earth. If it doesn't, that makes it much more likely that the great filter that causes us to not have noticed intelligent aliens around other stars is in front of us, rather than behind us.
I like how we can barely see earth strength broadcast signals from 100 light years but somehow we have shown something about ruling out other civilizations. All we have ruled out is ludicrous levels of rearranging entire galaxies which may never have been a realistic metric.
@@hugegamer5988 The galaxy is old enough that a spacefaring civilization could have colonized all of it, even with slow colony ships. If abiogenesis is so easy as to happen twice in one solar system, it means the lower limit of number of worlds with any life in the galaxy goes from one, to at least tens of billions, more likely hundreds of billions. That means the liklihood that we're facing an extinction level threat we don't know about also increases billions of times.
Life with an independent origin says nothing about whether or not there is a filter, as it says nothing about the number of dead civilisations out there. It could be that the filter is between microbial life and complex life. We just can’t tell.
@@sjzara Yes, those also get far more likely if abiogenesis is easy.
@@sleepib what gets far more likely if abiogenesis is common?
Awesome interview
This was lovely. I’m grateful for the wonderful work you do
Personally, I don't believe we are alone in the Universe. I believe we're no where near intelligent enough or technologically advanced to actively seek out new worlds and species. We aren't going to go where no man has gone before. We're barely out of the trees yet.
@@loqutisborg5416 we will invent AI that would be smart enough to. Just need another 100 years , if we don’t have ww3 we will be able to travel the universe via a proxy
OMG! If we’re alone in the universe…
…we’re going to have to learn to talk to each other.
Great interview, thank you.
Another interesting and informative interview. Love it!
Fantastic!
going to say this.....i really enjoy fraser's interviews - but it is so much better when they have an understandable accent!
What an awesome interview and guess
Now I want to take a class on everything groovy. Maybe even getting my doctorate in it, just so I can be "The Other Professor of Everything Groovy"
Lol at the journalist part of you taking over at the end
Who says we don't already have.
Ken Nealson, who's great at answering emails, is my favorite astrobiologist. If he could send a lander to one place, it would be the hot springs of Ganymede. Reach out to him!
Why are we able to use isotope ratios to determine what body an object is from? It makes sense for extrasolar objects, but for in-system objects, everything formed from the same proto-planetary disc. Wouldn't they all have the same ratios?
Yes and no. Our solar system's natural isotope ratios were locked in initially, you're definitely right there (and that's also why we're able to identify presolar grains in meteorites). But there are lots of processes that cause fractionation of isotopes, from how they distribute in different minerals during melting and crystalizing of rocks to gas exchange fractionations and even photochemical fractionations. But on top of that, life leaves a significant isotopic fingerprint in many systems as well. We were able to use the isotopic ratios from Mars' atmosphere and gas inclusions in certain meteorites to tell us that those meteorites had come from Mars because they had trapped Martian atmospheric gases inside of them!
@@cosmobiologist Cool, thank you!
Those who thought life was dead under the sea were the reason we’ve taken so long to prove life is on other planets 😢
I have question for you!
Can to black holes colide directly, without orbiting each other?
What kind of power would be made, and how would that gravitional wave look like?
That beard is epic
Ha. Thanks much! It's been on my face so long that I kind of forgot what my chin looks like.
Honestly, if we found an alien tumbleweed I would not be all that impressed. I have always thought that life must have arisen on other worlds.
If we ever detected something that appeared to be language however...
Fraser, you've got a great look with your goatee, but Dr. Lau has truly an epic beard!
Great episode - thank you so much for a fascinating interview!
@groovomata Sorry to disapoint you...the beard is fake.
The probability of life existing in the universe is not absolute zero.
@@charlesgibson2171Are you not counting planet earth and it's trilions of lifeforms as not part of the universe or are you trying to gaslight us to think we are not real?
@@AM-gx3dyif the chance of something is not zero, that means it's more than zero
@@hive_indicator318 like, 100% of chance still more than zero?
I mean concluding that life exist as statement is really a thought worth having?
@@AM-gx3dy what? I'm pretty sure the op was just saying how there is a possibility. I have no idea why you asked for clarification. Both of your replies seem to be arguing with people you agree with. Have a great life, it won't involve me ever again
@@hive_indicator318 Sir...read his coment again.
There is life in the universe...
We are in thw universe
We are alive
Our universe is capable of generating life, it doesnt matter you think we are made by god, or science, or both, or none.
We still alive
In the universe
This is not for debate.
If we finally find a technological civilization we could send them a message saying: "Good morning. How are you". If they understand English, they could reply: "Very well, thank you". The only slight snag is that if the planet on which they live is nearby, say 100 light years away, we would have to wait 200 years for a reply!
I wish I could remember the details of the idea of the first sighting of the native habitants seeing for the first time the Spanish ships off shore, and how they more or less where not there, then suddenly they were as their minds digested what they where seeing, but parts of this discussion, and finding life afar, reminded me of this. The thinking in this being, we are the natives looking to a vast sea and trying to see ships but our view is limited by our own imaginations as well as what is or is not there. Food for thought, to be sure. Are we as much a limiter to our awareness of other life as the universe itself...
🎵"All These Worlds Are Yours
Except Europa.
Attempt No Landing There."🎵
🎵 'Also Sprach Zarathustra' Opus 30 🎵
- by Richard Strauss -
(*Use Them Together*
*Use Them In Peace*)
Graham was awesome. He was an excellent guest!👽👽👽
I wonder what they think of Lou Elizando. Bunk or hopefull?
I certainly have my doubts. As far as I can tell, his "evidence" so far is mostly "I heard from a guy who heard from a guy". But, that said, I'm probably a bit more willing to consider the idea that UFO/UAP are actually aliens (or even human time travelers) than others. But one thing I will say is that you can judge the value of the arguments of people who believe that UAP are aliens by whether they are also willing to be skeptical and admit that what is happening might have nothing at all to do with aliens. Those are the more serious people in pro-alien side of the UAP conversation.
We should talk about the elephant in the room I mean that bad ass microphone
That's partly my fault. I asked him to get his mic as close to his face as possible.
That ending is pretty funny 😅 tell me first then you can tell everyone
Oh I you just know that Dr Graham Lau made a pact to shave his face when he discovers proof of alien life.
I love that term the "panzoic effect" the thought that people with open minds span a plethora of exploration and humanity without boarders like the overview effect. That is interesting. I alwayse thought of it personally as the "Einstein effect" that some of us are just born with an innate curiosity about understanding the universe and an understanding that we are all one race. I think it came from being raised on star trek during my childhood that sparked that thinking.
Dr Keating of Cool Worlds channel did a great dive on how we could very easily be alone in the universe
-all simply depends on the probability of abiogensis, life arising from non-living matter. Remember, we haven't been able to duplicate the process in the lab yet. It could be that abiogenesis is such an unlikely event, that it requires so many unlikely steps to occur accidently in some specific order, that its only occurred once.
Discovering alien intelligence would be a game changer. Discovering simple cellular life would be cool, but ultimately not life changing. Of course, there are some possibilities in between.
What I don’t understand is Viking one and Viking two apparently had tests that were test for the presence of life, and they both were positive., But no one ever seems to talk about it. Why?
You don’t know what you’re talking about. The debate over the results from Viking I and II was huge and continues to be huge. What happened was that scientists realized that the data could be better, and easier, to explain by chemistry and not biology. While that doesn’t rule out life we need much more evidence to determine if there’s life or not.
If we find life, i hope we don't bring home an alien virus
Honestly, if we found life in our solar system, I’m not sure if that would necessarily bring us closer to answering the question “are we alone”. It may just be more insight into panspermia, and we could just conclude “ok maybe life
just originated in our solar system”.
Hey Fraser,
I am here with a question. Is it possible to cure near sightedness theoretically by placing a micro black hole in front of the eye through gravitational lensing? If yes, how big that black hole needs to be if there are any calculations.
Wonderful interview... what are your thoughts on the possibility of seeding Mars and/or Venus with life/living things?
Thanks for the thoughts
Could the Universe be turbulent? Could expansion be a turbulent process? Good question for a cosmologist?
You need to define specifically what you mean by 'turbulent' I think.
Turbulent? Are you talking about solar wind?
Perhaps the colonisation could be a turbulent process? Countless millions of people living on space habitats slowly drifting away into space.
@@michaelpettersson4919 I'm talking about spacetime, not things in spacetime. I've always seen the assumption that expansion in the early universe is smooth because of how fast it happened. It seems to me that it could not have been very smooth due to the fact that we see galaxies very early in history. Maybe expansion wasn't very smooth, as assumed.
@@takanara7 We can see differences in spacetime from one place to another today (that's how gravitational lensing works). So, could the expansion of spacetime be non-uniform (turbulent)? It seems obvious that it can't be totally uniform, but would that cause vortexes and such? Does enthalpy cause it to try to equalize potential energy across areas with variations?
When a beard meets a beard it's always humble and respectfully visa versa 💪🤘
lol, Dr Graham Lau is WAY MORE optimistic about finding life, and life in general, than Fraser.
If there was life at Europa's Deep Sea Vents would we be able to tell from just under the ice? Or, would we have to send something deeper? I'm talking about indications of life. Not shrimp in front of the camera lens.
For crewed mission to the Moon and Mars, would it be possible to stream a live 360 VR experience, thus allowing millions of people to experience those first steps as if they were there?
dinosaurs and space man, dinosaurs and space 🤤
I’m 63. I want to live long enough to see confirmed life somewhere in the solar system.
I'm the same. I don't think I'd want to live forever, but being able to 'pop back in and check how goes the scientific quest' every few decades of centuries would be delicious.
Yes, we are. Alone in this universe.
Possible to have a program about X-ray polarimetry? Normally used to study accreting Black Holes & Neutron Stars can this technique be used for the formation of stars and planetary systems? Do the current missions and telescopes have enough resolution to study these fainter accretions? Which mission would enable clearer observations? Are already being built or planned?
Great content, but I feel the hair could have been more evenly distributed during this interview.
I've always been curious as to why returning to Enceladus hasn't been a priority for NASA. And not just for NASA-why haven't all the major world powers, like China, India, Russia, and Europe, been competing to return there? It seems that finding life elsewhere, far from Earth, would be the most important achievement a country could make in the history of humanity. So, knowing there's a place with a massive ocean, with perfect pH and salinity, hydrothermal vents, and that even conveniently ejects this liquid into space, making it easy to collect and analyze-why isn't there a "cold war" to get there again?
It's really hard to get there. We only found out about Enceladus' geysers and stuff with the last probe that went out to Saturn, and it takes way more energy to get to the Saturn system then it does to get to Jupiter.
What a wonderful interview…it made me tear up. I’d die happy if we found alien life.
Aphosphoric life would be a pretty meaningful find
Having the same type of DNA does not mean a shared origin. It could be that is how life works regardless of where it arises.
DNA, as we know, it could be a universal law.
@@ecocentrichomestead6783 It could be. It might be 'how it works'. Would be interesting to find out.
i only want one thing before i die, to get under the ice of europa.
It may be some time, but at least with Europa Clipper launching next month (and JUICE already on the way) we'll start learning a lot more about Europa soon. And if things like the Icefin robot end up going under that ice in the next couple of decades, that would be exceptionally awesome!
What Happens If We Find Extraterrestrial Life?
We will try to eat it.
We wouldn’t know how to communicate
That beard is absolutely epic.
finding life will not "get over" xenophobia and why should it? WHY SHOULD IT?
@@removechan10298 some people actually might be xenophobic with the aliens…
@@biscoitond4656 at least where we find them they will be legal...
OMG beard size
OMG microphone size
Lol Fraser we love you if you’re smaller but you’re better 😘
Interesting interview thanks for the thought 🧐😎
Oh the dials on that microphone is distracting me from his beard 🤣
RNA ❤
Cycle of life
lol “Star Trek” it’s not life as we know it Jim 🤣
I asked him to put his mic as close as possible.
I really feel like Dr. Lau and you at times were sped up... Having to listen at .75 speed, lol. I'm not going insane am I?
What is that thing with all the knobs that the microphone is stuck on ?
That is the microphone. It's actually a portable recorder that he's using as his mic
23 minutes in he says alien life might use different DNA base pairs and it got me wondering why we don't find life on Earth with different base pairs then? If life originated from hydrothermal vents can we find younger microbes with different DNA at the bottom of the ocean?
Would it make sense to build a space based radiotelescope to listen for signals equivalent to the JWST? They could "listen" without terrestrial signal interference.
You could say it's;
Analysing the Chemical Siluettes of the atmospheres of Exoplanets
Opportunity has a mass spectrometer. Why has it not found signatures of microbes yet? Why has it not found a single fossilized algal mat or coral?
we may not even be capable of finding the higher truth that it turns out we're in some kind of living system on a larger cosmic scale and we're similar to an infection on a microscopic level
We don't need to find it, it already here
Nothing will happen other than we know we arnt alone, they won't be getting here anytime soon depending on whether they are intelligent or not, most already know we arnt alone, we are made of the most common elements in the universe so they is probably life everywhere
That beard is certainly out of this world!
This guys got a dope beard
The search for life is one of the most important questions that science has. We should be using a range of quick, cost effective missions to a range of planets. The idea of putting an enormous budget into one manned mission to mars is absolutely the wrong approach. You are putting all your eggs in one basket and they are crazy expensive golden eggs. I also disagree that a human can do better sample gathering than a rover. A rover can cover a much bigger range of envorinments over much bigger distances than a short duration human mission can achieve. With our current technology all missions to planets should be robot missions. The complications & cost of keeping humans alive with a high safety margin just can't be justified. Dr Lau describes arguments for different types of chemical life, different types of environments & different planets. So why does he want NASA to use all it's budget getting humans to mars?
I couldn't agree more.
we absolutely need more robots in the solar system. The public seems fairly uninterested in what humans are doing in space. Meanwhile, the 7th floor at NASA HQ is entirely staffed by astronauts. Leave the human stuff to the private sector, and put metal on enceledaus, europa, get those mars samples, radar Venus again, more Titan action, too.
A large part of wanting to do manned missions to Mars is the sense of accomplishment and exploration.
Human beings are explorers by nature. Here on Earth, the urge to constantly "go where no man has gone before", has resulted in many innovations and discoveries while pushing the upper and outer limits of known human endurance and resilience. Some of those discoveries were in unexpected areas such as medicine and food preservation. In space, medical discoveries and innovation will be (among many unknown others) in setting up and protecting the human body for prolonged space trips. This is part of why that singular push is required to open the gates of research and development, much of which is already underway. Now sadly, we don't expect to be using space jet equivalents any time soon, after all, we went thousands of years of sailing and oars to get from coast to coast until engines came along....
@@thabzmad7265 We can do all this on the moon which is closer, easier, safer and more cost effective compared to mars
We are the only extraterrestrial in the virgo cluster. Our engineers abandoned us & we are forever traumatized.
15:27 lol this animation- it's like a torpedo and it bumps the side of the intake hole. I'm just imagining NASA operating as haphazardly as this and it makes me giggle
15:28 *boop!*
Does anyone know what microphone Dr. Lau is using?
@@griffith500tvr yeah. Sure.
If we were to send people to live there can we get along with the life there and if not can we make a way to get along without doing any harm