Gibbs Free Energy - Entropy, Enthalpy & Equilibrium Constant K

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  • Опубліковано 7 лют 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 151

  • @TheOrganicChemistryTutor
    @TheOrganicChemistryTutor  3 роки тому +34

    Spontaneity - Free Formula Sheet: bit.ly/3UszTUF
    Direct Link to The Full Video: bit.ly/3Zsdhoa
    Chapter 16 - Video Lessons: www.video-tutor.net/free-energy.html

  • @jamessoto5723
    @jamessoto5723 3 роки тому +840

    Hey man, I used your videos to study for my MCAT back in 2018, now I'm currently studying for my Step 1 exam in medical school. glad to see you are still pumping out new videos. Thanks for all your good work!

    • @Aeneas-aojb
      @Aeneas-aojb 3 роки тому +23

      wait......why are you doing chemistry calculations in medical school???

    • @valorantyie9820
      @valorantyie9820 3 роки тому +39

      @@Aeneas-aojb you can go to med school as a chemistry major, also you need to take gen chem and ochem for med school soooooo

    • @Aeneas-aojb
      @Aeneas-aojb 3 роки тому +4

      @@valorantyie9820 yes of course you can go to medical school as a chemistry major.....but as far as I understand he is doing chemistry calculations while already being in medical school, which is why I am confused. I'm not sure why in the world he would need to understand Gibbs free energy as a med student. And no I live in Canada so I do not need to take specific chem classes to go to most medical schools. However most medical schools do indeed have a chemistry requirement. For example a medical school could prerequire two introductory chemistry classes in which case I could do ochem and bio chem and completely ignore gen chem.

    • @yenydimas3598
      @yenydimas3598 2 роки тому +8

      @@Aeneas-aojb perhaps he's studying with other videos regarding his subject and not specifically Chem and this was one of the users most recent videos and that's why he said he's glad he's still posting under this specific vid regardless what subject it is

    • @roshanrejit8844
      @roshanrejit8844 2 роки тому +5

      @@Aeneas-aojb Wow you can take OCHEM and BIOCHEM without gen chem. Thats interesting.

  • @jackrubin6303
    @jackrubin6303 9 місяців тому +82

    I am 67 years old and am using your lectures to stop me getting Alzheimer’s disease.

    • @ريناد-د8ت
      @ريناد-د8ت 5 місяців тому

      How come?

    • @LilP6588
      @LilP6588 5 місяців тому +8

      @@ريناد-د8تTo keep his brain challenged with calculations.

    • @twogamers5823
      @twogamers5823 3 місяці тому

      How old are u ?

  • @hootooh4562
    @hootooh4562 3 роки тому +92

    I started reading my General Chemistry module today and this was uploaded. You truly are Godsend! Thank you so much for all your work! You've made chemistry more interesting and understandable to students like me. 😭❤️

  • @bwharris2002
    @bwharris2002 2 роки тому +24

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  • @sshalominath2646
    @sshalominath2646 2 роки тому +41

    Man did in 44 mins what my teachers couldn’t do in 2 months amen

  • @georgesadler7830
    @georgesadler7830 3 місяці тому +5

    Professor Organic Chemistry Tutor, this is a solid Introduction into Gibbs Free Energy, Entropy and Enthalpy in all of AP/General Chemistry. The explanation of formulas, units, spontaneous/nonspontaneous process, along with the calculation of free energy, equilibrium and temperature are exceptional. This is an error free video/lecture on UA-cam TV with the Organic Chemistry Tutor.

  • @cicadarose3639
    @cicadarose3639 2 роки тому +12

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  • @vivianghobrial3307
    @vivianghobrial3307 4 місяці тому +2

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    @buddydiamond8736 Рік тому +5

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  • @arahman2001
    @arahman2001 2 роки тому +16

    your calmness kept me attentive throughout the whole lecture, thanks for being a good teacher

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    @mariaeugeniagtba 3 роки тому +12

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    • @joshi91
      @joshi91 3 роки тому

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      @aarush0487 2 місяці тому

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  • @nehir2047
    @nehir2047 9 місяців тому +3

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    @fathimafathi9987 2 роки тому +10

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    @kanyonbeecher4022 3 роки тому +13

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    @marinaserbantez951 2 роки тому +10

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    @joeyjohnsonson4341 9 місяців тому +2

    I use your videos to study, and to fall asleep to sometimes. Kinda like how it’s ten times easier to sleep in lectures than it is in my warm bed at night. Plus I get better in my chem class (maybe idk)

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    @AlexIsVeryBored 3 роки тому +13

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    @ShaharmNaady 2 місяці тому

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    @karabisarkarsaha2312 3 роки тому +6

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    @Hundasa 2 місяці тому

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  • @EmmySilvaVanDriel
    @EmmySilvaVanDriel 2 місяці тому

    This was so helpful, it helped me understand the topic after struggling so much with it

  • @evgenistarikov3386
    @evgenistarikov3386 2 роки тому +1

    Dear Organic Chemistry Tutor,
    First of all, many sincere thanks for your efforts!
    A. There is ONLY ONE BASIC, fundamental Energy Conservation and Transformation Law. It is definitely unique and conceptually indivisible delivering two logically joint concepts - these are Energy Conservation - and Energy Transformation. Still, a more-then-100-years-old conceptual failure has brought us to two separate thermodynamic laws - but this has nothing in common with the actual physics. To come back, they have coined two more fake thermodynamic laws, employed the Probability Theory + Mathematical Statistics, and this has helped formulate the Quantum Mechanics, which is thus a basically metaphysical conceptual construction and thus ought to be only restrictedly fruitful.
    B. By dividing the basically indivisible law, you are telling about Combinatorics, you are touching Probability Theory, you are even stepping back to Thermodynamics for a while, but...
    You are NOT answering the poser: WHAT IS ENTROPY, sorry!
    1. In the formula S = kB * ln(Ω) you imply, Ω means not a "Huge Number of Microstates", not "Probability", which numerically ranges between [0,1], not even "Wavefunction", which ought to be a purely metaphysical notion, as it is... In effect, Ω ought to be a simplistic algebraic function of Lord Kelvin's Absolute Temperature. This result has been published 100 years ago in JACS.
    2. WHAT-ENTROPY-IS-poser has been answered not by Clausius, not by Boltzmann, etc., but by Goethe, who has introduced Mephistopheles, the philosophical embodiment of ENTROPY.
    3. Newton did basically know WHAT ENTROPY IS - A Counteraction.
    4. That Counteractions do not grow to infinity with the growing Actions, but MUST reach their MAXIMUM values, is the result by Nicky Carnot formalized by Clausius...
    5. In effect, Gibbs Energy formula renders implicit the interplay among ALL the relevant Actions (the Enthalpic term) and ALL the Counteractions (the Entropic term).
    6. The standard approach you are reporting about is OK for the implicit Enthalpy-Entropy picture, employing it for studying reaction mechanism details is likewise eating soup with fork.🧐

  • @kabandajamir9844
    @kabandajamir9844 3 роки тому +1

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    @BahromAbdurakhimov-w4u 4 місяці тому

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    @vadaa4 Рік тому +2

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    @GyeonghunPyeon 3 роки тому +4

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    • @dragonartgroup6982
      @dragonartgroup6982 3 роки тому

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    • @dragonartgroup6982
      @dragonartgroup6982 3 роки тому

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    • @JHANSI_REDDY
      @JHANSI_REDDY 3 роки тому

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    • @dragonartgroup6982
      @dragonartgroup6982 3 роки тому +1

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    @gabothusinfichane3021 3 роки тому +3

    one word for this guy superb

  • @elpuma92
    @elpuma92 2 роки тому +1

    Haven't paid attention in the last 2 lectures, 45min got me right.

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    @GordLamb 3 роки тому +2

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    @dhivyamaalya 3 роки тому +5

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  • @manii2348
    @manii2348 2 роки тому +1

    The timing of this is…pheNOMenal

  • @tamaravillagrajerez9824
    @tamaravillagrajerez9824 9 місяців тому

    Hola, muchas gracias, lamentablemente, no hay videos en español que comenten sobre la formula de energia libre de Gibbs en equilibrio, me has explicado a pesar de mi bajo nivel de ingles, he podido entender todo, te agradezco enormemente, me ayudas con Bioquimica, Greetings from Chile

  • @rattyf6230
    @rattyf6230 Рік тому +20

    Exam in 13 minutes

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      @arielhickman6087 11 місяців тому +2

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      @AhShtHereWeeGoAgain 10 місяців тому

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      @zetsubou1223 2 місяці тому

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      @KareemOsama-z3l 2 місяці тому

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    • @kozumakenme3838
      @kozumakenme3838 Місяць тому +1

      Convinced all these ppl who never post updates failed their exams 😭

  • @adrisoa
    @adrisoa 2 роки тому +1

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  • @adamgentry8056
    @adamgentry8056 3 роки тому +8

    I really enjoy the videos. I have a question on this one. You discuss K the eq, constant, and say K=1 at equilibrium. Is that not false? K can equal any number of value at equilibrium. I understand that we can use whether K< or > 1 to determine whether it is reactant or product favored, but a K=1 would only tell us the concentrations are equal, not the rate of reaction. Am I misunderstanding this?

    • @maryamzia3121
      @maryamzia3121 3 роки тому +2

      You are absolutely right. The discussed 3 conditions are actually 3 possibilities at equilibrium

    • @tamduy7790
      @tamduy7790 3 роки тому

      At equilibrium, the constant K, the rate is constant, and the same, but the concentrations are not the same, they are just constant.

  • @elijahmunongo9432
    @elijahmunongo9432 2 роки тому

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    @MuhammadAbdullah-cj6nx 2 роки тому

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  • @sarahahaha4916
    @sarahahaha4916 3 роки тому +1

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    @nimoosman7716 Рік тому

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  • @anetgobr
    @anetgobr 3 роки тому +2

    Very useful

  • @Gilgameshh
    @Gilgameshh 4 місяці тому

    at 22:48 u make a mistake. If you increase the free energy the reaction goes towards the reactants. Since a reaction is spontanous if delta G is negative, the free energy has to be decreased for the reaction to go to the right. The answer is D.

  • @sarahm8747
    @sarahm8747 Рік тому

    No one comprares to how well he teaches

  • @yunivxrsee
    @yunivxrsee 3 роки тому

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    @ridadhanani6684 3 роки тому

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    @sweetie1208 2 роки тому

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  • @joshi91
    @joshi91 3 роки тому +2

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  • @wezen4632
    @wezen4632 Рік тому +1

    Watching this at 1 am I’ve got a Chem test tomorrow and have no idea what I’m doing lol😭😭

  • @NedaaAlHaqGh
    @NedaaAlHaqGh 2 роки тому

    Thanks 😊

  • @adr476
    @adr476 Рік тому

    Thnkss bro❤

  • @sds3841
    @sds3841 2 роки тому +2

    If u have an endothermic reaction (delta H is positive) like H2 + I2 --> 2HI can you say whether the entropy rises or decreases and whether the reaction could be spontaneous?

    • @byebrows9698
      @byebrows9698 2 роки тому +1

      Assuming the reaction is endothermic in the forward direction, the system requires work. Hence, the reaction is non-spontaneous meaning the Entropy of the universe is negative. If you watch this video, you will see the answers for yourself: ua-cam.com/video/lN66F9V7-_Q/v-deo.html

  • @mohammadelhayek9155
    @mohammadelhayek9155 3 роки тому +6

    Im gonna go ahead and offer you a job at my school.

  • @emashukerova3929
    @emashukerova3929 Місяць тому

    can you make a video for supercooling and superheating?

  • @edutalib290
    @edutalib290 2 роки тому

    Thanks for nice lecture. You explained well. Can you please explain "why water boils at 100°C?

    • @advantphoenix7892
      @advantphoenix7892 2 роки тому

      That’s just how the Celsius system works. At 0 degrees Celsius, water freezes

    • @jimberlygridder183
      @jimberlygridder183 2 роки тому +4

      @@advantphoenix7892 no one can explain.anything. They have merely observed repeated phenomenon.

    • @kathwren2109
      @kathwren2109 Рік тому

      100C is when the intermolecular bonds of liquid water are torn by the movement of the thermal energy causing particularly to fly away now no longer attached to the main water mass, now it’s a gas!

  • @_timelapmaker_9755
    @_timelapmaker_9755 2 роки тому +1

    i think you'll find for the starting question that the answer is E. None of the above is false - since D. is false.

  • @razasyed575
    @razasyed575 2 роки тому

    respectable

  • @futuredentist-xk3df
    @futuredentist-xk3df 7 місяців тому +1

    44:44 dammm

  • @JelishaJoshua
    @JelishaJoshua 8 місяців тому

    how did you get the negative -109.7?

  • @jaxoncraig2888
    @jaxoncraig2888 3 роки тому +3

    I didn’t realize that guy from NCIS had a chemistry term named after him 😂

  • @rosiaamedommesulemana5580
    @rosiaamedommesulemana5580 2 роки тому

    thank you always..someday we get to see your face

  • @lionherndlhofer4073
    @lionherndlhofer4073 Рік тому

    One question if someone might be able to help: I came across the terms "desolvation penalty" and "rigidization penalty" in binding events which were both labelled as entropic penalties. The second I understand, as rigidization decreases the number of microstates of the system.
    But how does dehydration present a positive entropy term?
    Shouldn't the release of water in the system be a favoured entropic event, by allowing for more degrees of freedome as compared to water being forced in an order manner around an undefined molecular surface?
    Would be glad if someone could help out. All the best!

  • @lina3995
    @lina3995 8 місяців тому +1

    40:56

  • @marcusjohnson2718
    @marcusjohnson2718 Рік тому

    On the third problem, on the dealta S reaction, why were the reactants minus each other to get 20 J/mol?

  • @aalleexxx0011
    @aalleexxx0011 Місяць тому

    I don’t get how the answer is -109 and not 16.6?
    -46- (298X.212) =
    -46-63.17 = 16.6?
    What am I doing wrong ?

  • @kaansaroz8086
    @kaansaroz8086 3 роки тому +2

    bro you are amazing but you just need a better microphone

  • @autonation3767
    @autonation3767 Рік тому

    Can anyone tell me which reference tables are used to get enthalpy and entropy of the reactants and products pls pls

  • @alfredjackson1620
    @alfredjackson1620 2 роки тому +1

    Can anyone explain for a combustion reaction where ΔSsystem is positive and ΔH is negative, even though I know the reaction will always be spontaneous, how do I determine if lowering the temperature makes it more or less spontaneous? If ΔG=ΔH-TΔS then lowering the temperature would make ΔG less negative and less spontaneous but since ΔS surroundings=-ΔH/T approaches infinity as temperature decreases then the entropy of the universe contradicts this and implies that lowering the temperature makes the reaction more spontaneous. So if I wanted to know if lowering the temperature makes the reaction more or less spontaneous which do I look at, ΔG or ΔS of the universe. Why are they contradicting each other?

  • @sallyo384
    @sallyo384 11 місяців тому +8

    this isn't fair.... I am only a mere child.... ::(((((( I cannot stand this

    • @kojicuxt
      @kojicuxt 5 місяців тому +1

      lmaoo how did your exam go? i hope you got a great result my fellow stem child

    • @kamilavazquez1035
      @kamilavazquez1035 3 місяці тому +1

      Realest thing ive heard all week

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      @RexKing-lc1tf 3 місяці тому +1

      We must rebel

  • @jiinjung1445
    @jiinjung1445 3 роки тому +1

    How could we assume that Kp equals to Kc with the question number 9?

  • @leenjundi3811
    @leenjundi3811 2 роки тому

    bro ily

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    @nathancruz8370 Рік тому

    Just take my tuition

  • @bobernhardsson5345
    @bobernhardsson5345 3 роки тому +1

    In the first question you actually also have that "E" is a false statement :-)

  • @devyndevyndevyn
    @devyndevyndevyn 2 роки тому

    thank u

  • @brithanygarcia9095
    @brithanygarcia9095 Рік тому

    On problem 10 why did you do R is 8.314. I thought R was 4.184???

  • @saboismail3825
    @saboismail3825 3 роки тому

    Can I see the picture of the tutor

  • @gourabkumar8350
    @gourabkumar8350 3 роки тому

    The answer of 5 no question is 24 not -36. please check it.

    • @axelmouaffo7318
      @axelmouaffo7318 3 роки тому +1

      those gibbs value are for the reaction not the compounds. As a result, once the equations are rearranged instead of subtracting products and reactants (which i am guessing u did) to obtain the gibbs value for the final equation you need to just add those two earlier reactions.

  • @ulahalabalabilohuhu
    @ulahalabalabilohuhu 3 роки тому

    The way he says Joules reminds me of Jules in Euphoria

  • @justinraze
    @justinraze 2 місяці тому

    12:30

  • @josecastro5795
    @josecastro5795 2 роки тому

    MVP

  • @Esraa.21
    @Esraa.21 3 роки тому

    from where we get the 298 ?

    • @zememerr2329
      @zememerr2329 2 роки тому +1

      To convert to Kelvin, add 273 (technically 273.15 but the extra decimals tend to be negligible) to your Celsius temperature. 298 Kelvin is a very common temperature in chemistry, it’s the standard temperature value (that or 25° Celsius, they’re the same thing)

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    @niloufar9098 3 роки тому

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    @yuri_black_zero 3 роки тому

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  • @christopherscottgutierrez3323

    languages of the same thing, pretty cool to learn if ever working with someone or gentile that talks in different meausment languages, im more of ev to mole, see ya

  • @stannygtech6537
    @stannygtech6537 3 роки тому

    Hey

  • @santillaneirahbelleb.3807
    @santillaneirahbelleb.3807 9 місяців тому

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    @leeveneayeshabuhia Рік тому

    wakoy nasabtan tabang

  • @nolanbuckman
    @nolanbuckman 9 місяців тому

    Organic Chem tutor>>>3 weeks of useless lectures

  • @jade_16
    @jade_16 3 роки тому

    wait where did he get 273? at the part of the 25-degree celsius?

    • @갱갱항상
      @갱갱항상 3 роки тому +1

      what are you talking about? what's the time stamp? are you talking about when he found the boiling point of bromine? he subtracted 273 degrees K in order to get the temperature in C

    • @MorningOnMars
      @MorningOnMars 3 роки тому +2

      273.15 K is used in dimensional analysis to move between temperature units Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit, eg: 15 °C can be converted to K by (15+273.15) = 288.15 K.

  • @Rambo-xr4sp
    @Rambo-xr4sp 3 роки тому

    Yo

  • @bennardasante3361
    @bennardasante3361 Рік тому

    2024

  • @NightcoreMikuuu
    @NightcoreMikuuu 3 роки тому +1

    Eyy

  • @عليالحجامي-ل4ه
    @عليالحجامي-ل4ه 3 роки тому

    Can you add a translation to Arabic?
    Thank you.

  • @sakinahali4670
    @sakinahali4670 3 роки тому

    Uuu first

  • @yemsarey529
    @yemsarey529 3 роки тому

    First😆😂

  • @Dustin-g6e
    @Dustin-g6e 9 місяців тому

    Fucking hate chemistry