Do we know anything about the origins of Yuezhi? I've read different theories, some very conflicting. Also, it would be a good idea if you could cover the relationships between Indo-European nomads (Sakas, Yuezhi, Goths) and Turko-Mongolic ones such as Xiongnu or the Huns from their first contact until the Middle Ages or even modern time in a series. Like always, Kudos to you guys.
@@KingsandGenerals the yuezhi are thought to have come from Bactria 2000 BC and yuezhi means moon people. Indo aryans under the banner of chandravanshi or moon people according to Hindu Puranas and Ramayana come from Bactria or Bahli under queen/king Ila around the 2nd millennium BC. Connection of the moon people of Bactria?
@@KingsandGenerals Please make a video on how Buddhism and Hinduism spread to east and southeast asia or a video on ancient Indian philosophies and scientific studies.
The Buddha statutes in Afghanistan destroyed by the Taliban were built by the Kushans. In Afghanistan we still have people called Koshanian or Kushanis
Sad that the Taliban consider themselves as Afghan nationalists and protectors of Afghan culture, but have caused so much destruction to the rich history of Afghanistan
One of the statues was an idol and had to be destroyed. But the other was an icon so it was fine. But the talibans are dumb savages incapable of distinguish icon from idol.
That is Khoistanis not Khushanis.. Khoistan is part of Parwan .. Plus we have genetic test on people from the Khoistan and also Panjshir they score average for regular Pashtuns and Tajiks since Pashtuns and Tajiks score identification besides some Tajiks from northern Afghanistan have high East Asian admixture ..
There are multiple sources for the maps. I think it is difficult to say what was its real territory, so we decided to show the possible largest extent.
It wasn’t that big. No evidence for Chorasmia rule, nor for the coastal part of Pakistan and surely not Sogdiana. It is not even the maximum supposed extent because there are sources for Xinjinag Kushan rule and even (from Rabatak inscription) Pataliputra. The main Kushan kingdom was Afghanistan, Mainly northern and easter Afghanistan, Gandhara, Mathura.
When I saw the Timurid Empire lost complete control of Iran, I thought that it was too small to be viewed as an empire. But when I saw this video about the Kushan Empire, I quickly changed my mind because an empire that made entirely up from Central Asia and the northwestern portion of the Indian subcontinent like Kabulistan and the Punjub region is definitely not small at all.
stories about Kanishka is very popular in India we have grown up hearing about how he was force behind the spread of Buddhism into the Orient from the Indian heartland
@@amargujjar5059 Best I could find on that was a while back (honestly I don't remember where) that they came either from northern Afghanistan or, more likely, the area above it where Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan meet. Around Samarkand or Dushanbe.
गौचर गुज्जर गौचरी गुज्जरी भेड़ 🐏 बकरी 🐐 भैंस 🐃 गाय 🐄 चराने वाले चरवाहा बकरवाल खानाबदोश ग्वाला गौचर गुज्जर शूद्र समाज के लोग जॉर्जिया से आए थे हून के साथ भारत में जाकर एनसीईआरटी का इतिहास का किताब पढ़ लेना ओके जाकर अपना डीएनए टेस्ट करवा ले सबको अपना बाप बना लेते हैं।
सम्राट कनिष्क कुषाण यूची जनजाति से थे वह एक बुद्धिस्ट सम्राट था वह चाइना से आया था गौचर गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर गौचरी गुज्जरी बकरी 🐐🐐🐐 चोर इतिहास चोर सरनेम चोर सब को अपना बाप गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर बना देते हैं। क्या बात है बेटा गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर एक मौका मुझे भी दे दो गुज्जरी बकरी 🐐🐐🐐 चोर के साथ गुज्जरी महल में 😁😂😝
kabul was always easy to conqure, mongols, amaricans, soviets, alaxander, mughals, british and many more have conqured kabul very easily. Afghan cities are very easy to conqure it is the countryside that is hard to conqure, afghan villages are very self sufficient, remote and harsh and for people there war is just a tradition nothing out of normal.
@@karandullet380 central asia was more indianized than persianized at the time. After the islamic conquest by the turks central asia became persianized. Iran was a more passive conservative society so it made it easy for India’s buddhism to spread that far. The Kushans had conquered North India so they were even more exposed to Indianization.
The clothing of the Chinese emperor @20:25 is historically inaccurate. That is the Qing style, which did not come to power in China until the 17th century.
They also depicted the king of Kashgar with Chinese appearance, I highly doubt that was the case. The king was probably local of Tocharian or proto-Turkic ethnic group. Since there were Chinese military garrisons in the area, If the ruler was somehow ethnic Chinese and he consorted with foreign power for legitimacy, his head would've been chopped off by the military garrison.
The Han dynasty-era envoy at 7:47 is a copy of a painting of Qin Shi Huang, regalia and all... Great content as usual - would be even better with accuracy in visual depictions.
I always wondered how Buddhism managed to spread across Asia the way it did. History class boiled the answer down to "trade" or "the Silk Road," but this video clarified the missing link. The Kushan Empire is underrated and not covered enough given its historical significance.
11:18 I hope K&G would consider covering the lives and exploit of extraordinary Protector General Ban Chao. He basically was a nobody who came from a family of historians but was ambitious enough that he later was transferred into a cavalry major (from a pencil-pushing position!) and distinguished himself in fights against Xiongnu and later the pacification of the petty oasis states West of Han. He was basically a history nerd turned into a successful general.
Yuezhi envoys visiting the Chinese capital Luoyang in the year 2 BC gave oral teachings on Buddhist sutras to Chinese students, making them the first carriers of Buddhism into China. This is recorded in the 5th century CE 'The Book of the Later Han'.
@@Dexusaz yes many of the central asian tribes conquered areas in iran, India, china and Europe but Central asia tribes doesn't mean turk only you should correct yourself otherwise Mongolian will call everybody mongols too
@@amargujjar5059 Yuezhi are not gujjars. During the time period of yuezhi, the identity of Gujjars did not even exist. The kushans, and by extension the yuezhi, got assimilated into various central asian, Northern Indian and East asian populations over time. There are no direct descendants so stop with your nonsense
Xiongnu king: I annihilated the Great Yuezhi and sent the remaining rabble fleeing thousands of miles. King of the remaining Yuezhi: I annihilated the Saka horde, defeated the Wusun as I fled and sent the rabble fleeing. I then took over all of Central Asia and rule over close to 2 million people from Bactria to the Hindu Kush. King of remaining Saka: I ended the Indo-Greek empire and clashed with the Great Parthian empire. Qin and Han administrators: "Gentlemen, it was nice knowing all of you."
@Who are you? There's no order in the timeline I have given. It's all in jest. But thanks for pointing this out. I found out a lot of interesting facts about the Wusun. The Wusun king Nandoumi was defeated and killed by the Yuezhi in circa 170BCE. His legendary son, who was said to have been fed by she-wolves and ravens, then had his revenge and defeated and pushed the Yuezhi out of the Northwest China in 132BCE.
What a coincidence. I was just recently thinking about and reading up on the Kushan Empire! I find their religion particularly intriguing, it being a mix of Buddhist, Greek, Hindu, and Persian.
There's a legend story here in Indonesia, about Aji Saka, a Prince from India who built the first Javanese civilization.. Yes, perhaps the story of the tribe which during that conquest fled to India then merged or disappeared.. Yet we still have the legacy of Javanese writing system, Javanese Saka Calendar, along with Indian religions, languages and other influences..
I'm really glad to see this video come out. The Kushan's are probably one of my favorite empires in the classical period, even with what little direct sources we have.
Kushans, Sakas, Uighurs, Khitans, Mongols, Turks, Parthians, and Jurchens all did. To be fair, most did so after turning into literate, sedentary empires, but there were exceptions. The Toluid Mongols only started writing down their history on the verge of being forced back into a nomadic life. The Chagataid Mongols never really turned sedentary but wrote down their history regardless. The Uighurs just kept writing down their history regardless of whether their civilization was nomadic or sedentary, and the Khitans wrote down their history on both sides of their empire (the northern Khitans were nomads but the southern Khitans were sedentary rulers of the Liao Dynasty). The problem is that very few of these histories were preserved. The Khitans are an important case in point because we do have many of their historical records left behind but only about half of their Chinese-derived characters can be read today.
@@andrewsuryali8540 I think another equally big problem is what other Civilizations write about them. A biased view from an Iranian or a Indian author about the Kushans, will never tell the true story. And I think the biggest problem is verifying the source from the discussed people themselves(truth/glorification) vs sedentary empires (propaganda/mysticism).
It's quite fascinating to think that a seemingly localised conflict in northern China and Mongolia led to several big events such as the fall of the Western Roman Empire, destruction of the Indo-Greek empires and introduction of Buddhism in the Far East.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 "Modu" is wrong reading of old chinese characters, M is B and his name propably was a variant of Bagatur/bagapur as in MO is bog and DU is dur/tur part. Modu is reading done in beginning of 1900 century, old chinese proffesors have clarified the reading.
Thats from the same source you know, 19th century they read the same chinese history book, modoun in mongolian or modu in in turkey is not independent name but both from same old chinese spelling. Try reading some new books for correct prounonciation. , modu or modoun was not a name kmow in turkish or mongolian before the 19th/18th century, just a fact try to read more. M in old chinese represent a B sound
Kushan empire is highly underrated. They are the main reasons Mahayana Buddhism spread, just as Ashoka the great to Theravada/Hinayana Buddhism. They are the reasons, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and also Taiwan, Singapore are Buddhist countries today.
As a Korean, I find it fascinating to learn that the globalization of Buddhism owes much to the Kushan Empire. In school, I learned that many Korean monks from the ancient unified Silla Dynasty traveled on pilgrimages to Central Asia and India. However, the connection between these journeys and the Kushan Empire was not included in the lessons.
I had requested for a documentary about Kushan Empire recently in the video of Battle of Nahavand, and long time ago in another video but didn't expect to see it so soon. Kings and Generals probably had this planned for a long time. Thank you, so much for this amazing documentary. Will you cover the remaining two of the Great Kushans i.e., Huvishka & Vasudeva, the amazing art and syncretic culture of multiple religions and finally the decline of Kushans?!
@@cocothegoldenretriever5072 He himself is a Dalit, Achoot and untouchable that's why he calling others Dalit. Gurjars who ruled India for centuries and Rajputs were born from Gurjars. Gurjars are real Kshatriyas.👑
Your videos enhance the History of the World, and always provide details which inform and hopefully enlighten viewers to understanding more about the how's and why's of history!
@@danshakuimo Yes, Kashgar was ruled by Han Chinese but if he ever dear putting on the attire of the "Son of Heaven" the Han empire will be knocking on his door real soon.
Great video. I have to add that you could have mentioned that the official Indian calendar starts from the Saka era and was created by Kanishka the Great. This calendar was then recommended by the Indian scientist Meghnad Saha to be used as the official calendar of the newly independent Republic of India.
What calendar do we use now ? Is the Samvat Hindu calendar or something else ? I think nearly every state has its own calendar like the Bengali Calendar and the Tamil Sun Calendar.
@@dwarasamudra8889 Yes Bengal has its own calendar along with some states, but I believe the only official calendar is the Saka one. As for the astrological and religious calendars I am not too sure which one is used.
The original *Hindu* calendar is *VIKRAM SAMVAT* (विक्रम संवत) designed by king vikramaditya... The republic of india adopted shak samvat in 1947 as the official calendar because of nehru's staunch anti-hindu ideology
That's why Afghans are a mixture of every nomadic tribes ever, you have hephthalites(haptalis or abdalis) mongols(hazara), saka-scythians(any tribe with -zai in their name) and turks(qizilbashi and uzbeks) and wusun yuezhi too
@@puneetmishra4726 abdali are Pashtuns who are thought to be the white Huns, khiljis are Pashtuns who are thought to be the Turks, yousufzai and some other pashtun tribes are thought to belong to lost tribes of Israel ...well in my opinion Pashtuns tribes are a mix of many races and ethnicities who adopted pashtun culture...
This is awesome! I didn’t even know that this empire existed! I had only heard it’s name mentioned on occasion, so thanks for a great educating clip! :)
Kushanas were Tocharians and were already Hindu as mentioned in Kanishka's inscriptions Edit: It is well known history that the Kushana and Hunas in Bharat varsha became Shaivites later, thus I use the word "already" Edit 2: Mihirakula Edit 3: Turki Shahi and the Gardez Ganesha and Khair Khaneh Surya idols and inscriptions found in Gandhara region of modern day Afghanistan constructed by the Turki Shahi Hunah ruler Khingila (not be confused with his predecessor prior to the Nezak Hunah, Khingila of Alchon Hunah)
Just wondering if we have know for sure now that they're Tocharians? When we were studying about them back in school it's still unconfirmed and they could be either Tocharians, Iranians or some unknown Indo-European group.
@@wilhelmreinhardt4643 Tocharians were of two stock, one Sanskritic and other Avestanic (the Avestanic being some influence from Sogidan who tho were mostly Hindu). It is easily interpolated from the records of Megasthenes, Strabo, Ptolemy, Hiuen Tsang as well as traditional sources, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, Valmiki Ramayana, Vyas Mahabharata, and ultimately Chinese records of Yeuzhi and inscriptions of Kushanas and Hunas (the latter of whom were of common origin if not the same) which describe the regions of Uttara Kuru (Xinjiang and Eastwards, homeland of Tocharians and Yeuzhi), Uttara Madra (Tajik and beyond), Uttara Balika (Bactria), all of which intersected each other and were mentioned by the Greek and Chinese (Hieun Tsang specifically) chronologists/histographers as being associated by Hindus of Aryavarta (Arya has no racial connotation like fake construct of Aryan, Dahae/Dasa were Iranian tribes who's descendants became Zoroastrians and still exist today). Hiuen Tsang specifically mentions Uttar Kuru to be a Hindu-Buddhist and the Sogidans being largely Hindu which is further proved through various sources as well as their paintings and artifacts. The Khotans which was particularly mentioned to be Hindu kingdom being formed by the descendants of the blind son of Ashoka, assimilated with Tocharians in Uttara Kuru and thus the last remnants of Tocharians were later absorbed by Uyghur Turkics. It might also interest you to know that the Hara Huna tribe where mentioned in Mahabharata, also the inscriptions of Hüis Tolgoi and Bugut found in Mongolia were fully in Brahmi script in the former and half of the latter
@@wilhelmreinhardt4643 Tokharoi applied by Strabo to one of the Saka tribes from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, that overran the Greco-Bactrian kingdom in 2nd century BC. Even modern scholars identify Tokharoi with Yeuzhi
Commenting because Kenneth Harl was my favorite college professor! Great, entertaining educator, and a true expert on all things Roman and Near East antiquity
Kapil Rana I never took a course on the Indus Valley civ so I can’t speak to his perspective or to the merits of the argument. I will say that every once in a while in class he had an old fashioned opinion, but he was still an excellent lecturer and a real authority on the stuff more firmly in his wheelhouse (Greece, Rome, Vikings). Having one anachronistic opinion does not make a historian bad
@@mvcandyclub3230 you are right..i have gone through his barbarian empires of the steppe course and he was brilliant but his knowledge on on india esp pre islamic history of india is a bit outdated..otherwise a really good historian..
As someone from Central Asia, born in the birthcity of Babur, these videos are incredibly inspiring and comforting. Our history is cruelly overlooked and misinterpreted. But you make it justice. Thank you for these and keep up the amazing work.
Lol None of the empire have anything to do with central Asia Kushans were heavily indianized empire and Mughals also adopted indian culture calling the empire as hindustan These empires were not even located in central Asia lol
OK I'VE DONE IT! After poking fun of Kings and Generals for over a year because of their Raid:Shadowlegends adds, I took pity and downloaded the game from the referral link. The things you do for your favorite history channel!
mostly Pallava empire help spread Hinduism to south East. Though they have huge amount of Sanskirt derived words in their languages almost all of them pre-islam had alphabets derived from Pallava alphabets. Certain alphabets like Burma, Thai still use alphabets based on Pallava alphabet. Pallavas themselves during their initial period were a vassal state of Satavahanas.
As an Turkic person from O'zbekiston, THANK YOU very much for this great video. There is not any video about Qushons in our country at this level. But as a little suggestion you should stop compare every nomadic khaganates with mongol empire. Bagatur (Modu) is role model for most of the nomadic battle tacticians like genghis or Alparslan. By the way I can not found a detailed Baideng battle video in this channel. It may be interesting.
Sounds to me the Chinese were the only civilization that kept a record of what happened and one always has to resort to Chinese sources to get to know the history of surrounding nations.
Misc. oddity - As shown on the coin, the Kushans initially used the Greek alphabet (and very briefly Greek language) for administrative purposes. Greek was later superseded by Brahmi scripts.
Kushan empire is Buddhist empire but it respects all religions equally not like present people who hates Hindus or Brahmanism completely or other religions religion doesn't matter at all only thing matters is that he is human being or not in the end Kushan empire respects all the religions in North India also not only Buddhism but All religions actually They didn't kill others based on religion
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب you Muslims are fake and fraud people only who claims everything as yours only Mauryas are from Magadh region their ancestors are came from Iran or not we don't know at all it is just theory or opinions that's all Indo Scythians are descendants of Scythians who came from Iran Kushans came from central Asia Now stop saying they are all from Iran as people will laugh at you 😂
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب they are not Aryans stop claiming them as Aryans at first place Aryans came from central Asia only right you don't have proves and evidence to claim it they are outsiders They are not Aryans at all you are very ignorant about Indian history be ignorant like that only OK keep your kings and emperors with you only. Chandragupta Maurya never said he is Aryan it is false theory created by you rabid dogs.
Yeah that is an issue i saw throughout the video, in most depictions within this video they were shown as bearing turkic features when in reality they were steppe iranians or indo europeans.
@@tornado4708 well it is mainly thought of that they were indo europeans yes who came from gansu province in china, but not exactly iranians. They probably spoke some sort of eastern iranian language though and might have had relations to the Saka/Scythians.
@@notorious9278 let me enlighten you about some history, Greater Yuezhi consisted of 5 tribes/branches one of them were the Guishuang/Gusana/Kashana who made a confederation under their name, they defeated Sakas and remained in power until Sasanian took over who were Persians, later Sasanians were overthown by the Lesser Yuezhi tribe known as Jiduoluo/Kidarities/Kidara Huns, they adobted the name Kushanshah, used their coins and regarded themselves as inheritors of the Kushans, now no historian til date considers Yuezhi to be Turkish-Mongoloid or "Hun", so why Kidara Huns claimed to be Kushanas? The answer is while Kushanas were ruling they had vassals working for them known as Xionites/Chionites which were the Huns, Ammianus Marcellinus, who was in Bactria during 356-357 CE; he described the Chionites as living with the Kushans, Xionities had two main sub groups, Red Huns and the White Huns, Red Huns were Kidarites and Alchon and the White Huns were Hephthalites (which later became Rajputs) and Nezak Huns, Gujjar/Gurjar is a term used in sanskrit that means destroyer of the enemy, term was used in 1 AD for the Kushanas and their vassals the Huns, this amalgamation of Greater Yuezhi tribes and Huns the proclaimed Lesser Yuezhi tribes confused historians and generations to come, However coming to your statement my friend, my Gotra is Kashmiri: Kasana which is derived from Brahmi: Kusana, Sanskrit: Kushana, in Mahabharat Kushanas are called Kusa and said to be a decendents of Lord Rama son Kusha and my Varna is Suryavashi Kshatriya.
@@ZarghoonKushana stupid gochars are Huns. The Yuezhi were the tocharians and were the biggest enemies of the Huns the Huns were Mongols and Turks themselves. The Huns destroyed kushan empire and pushed them towards modern day North West India the kushans in India are known as jats and in Afghanistan yusufzai pathan, pashtuns and koshani people. The gochars are pure Huns even your name has hoon name you are a illiterate hun.
Could we please get a video about medieval Chinese war tactics? I wanna know why the Chinese Empire lasted so long, and understand why the nomads sometimes beat the Chinese.
You don't understand that the Chinese are more often outside rivals, most of the time in civil wars, and civil wars are the most brutal, the peak of the Han Dynasty had a population of over 60 million, and only 6 million after the civil war at the end of the empire Even so, they could not fight for the only final victor and even did not hesitate to introduce northern nomadic tribes to participate in the civil war. Haha, then weak and then grow up, and then enter the peak, a civil war in the Tang Dynasty lost 70% of the population, the plains in northern China almost became no man's land, at this time the nomads in the north will have no resistance to enter the north of China , and grow stronger, these nomadic groups have almost the same blood as the Chinese, and will gradually become integrated with the Chinese. The rise of Mongolia happened to be the time when the three political forces in China were at their weakest. Even so, Mongolia spent It took 60 years to finally defeat China, the Mongols conquered easily in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, but it was very difficult in China, and the Mongol massacres in Central Asia did not work at all on China's side, because usually the Chinese This is often done in civil wars. In the end, the Mongols used the method of profiting the Chinese army to rebel and completed the elimination of the Chinese regime. In order to appease the Chinese people's resistance, the Mongols adopted much lower taxes than China's own emperor, which made most Chinese choose to surrender to Mongolia and betray their own emperor and bureaucracy. Haha, China has always been a secular Crowd, everyone pursues the maximization of interests! However, the Mongols' rule lasted only 89 years, because the Mongols, like the Chinese, like internal power struggles, and the high-level struggles in Mongolia have caused the country's financial system to collapse. Coupled with natural disasters and bureaucratic inaction, Chinese farmers The group overthrew the rule of the Mongols. Guess what the Mongols will do at this time? The Mongols fought civil wars in the north for their rights, and the peasant uprising groups were also fighting each other because of different factions. At this time, it was a strange phenomenon that the Mongols fought their own civil wars, and the Chinese fought the Chinese civil wars. They did not interfere with each other. The Chinese's own civil war was over, and the winners went north to attack the Mongols, and kept attacking on the Mongols' home grasslands, captured almost the entire bureaucratic class and intellectuals of Mongolia and brought them back to the core areas of China to serve the new regime. Then the Mongols returned to the original nomadic life again, and their internal struggles continued for decades until they became two forces and reached a balance! Even when the western colonists completely colonized India and Southeast Asia, and then colonized China, the Chinese had a terrible civil war due to internal conflicts. This civil war caused the most economically prosperous area of China to lose more than 70 million people, and the western colonists only occupied The two cities of Hong Kong and Macau were destroyed, and the Western colonists were still unable to gain a foothold in China. They were continuously attacked by the army organized by the people, so in the end they only used the behavior of blackmailing the emperor to help the emperor stabilize the state power, thereby dumping goods and opium. benefit from
It's not so much that their empire lasted a long time as their civilization, as at least a dozen Chinese empires rose and fell over the roughly 2 thousand years imperial period.
there is no such thing as chinese empire there were many kingdoms and empires that ruled china same as India had many empires and kingdoms no one says Indian empire
@@riderchallenge4250 There was a Chinese Empire, it changed sizes and dynasties many times but Every Chinese Emperor referred to his Empire as China "Middle Kingdom".
I have heard the name of Kanishka but I had no idea he was from the Kushan empire! Even I didn't know the impact the Kushan empire left on India! Kings and General teaches more than the history books!
It is such a shame that content of this caliber that is informative, fun and easy to understand only has 1.7 million subs or so. It breaks my heart to see worthless people succeed while great channels have difficulties continuing their career.
I don't know if everyone notice but damn, Han china have great commanders and tacticians despite the fact they still had xiongnu enemies at that time they didn't left Tarim undefended.
The Kushan Empire is easily one of the most underrated empires in world history. That is, if one even heard about them, because most people never even think that some organised state existed at the time between Persia and China.
It's interesting to see that Asian nomads have that much of soldiers (100,000 horse archers etc.) I mean, when you think that it is quite hard to live at steppes... how can they have that much of soldiers? Maybe it's because for most step-nations there is an "army/nation" system but still I am not sure.
Many soldiers were young boys and fit elderly men. I won't be surprised if even deaf men and some women were also warriors. Everyone had to fight because if they didn't, then defeat may be likely and all will be killed.
@@DieNibelungenliad yh nomadic cultures like Somalis, Mongolians, turks, etc have always had a martial intelligent warlike culture where every adult male who wasn't a priest would be a warrior sometimes even the women too..their nomadic lifestyle also made them very agile and lethal as every day would be a war with nature, famine, drought, seeking pasture land for the livestock on scouting mission, protecting the livestock from raids by other nomads, and constantly fighting either themselves or outsiders Basically, nomadic people were always better more lethal fighters than farming based societies
@@YY-ms1dz yh, and Somalis, in Somali xeer customary law, every adult male who wasn't a Wadaad (priest) was a warrior for his clan family (based on paternal lineage) and equestrian skills, using weapons, scouting etc was taught from a young age ...by the time a person reached 15 or older, they already had years of valuable experience in the arts of warfare and extreme survival on scarce resources
@@DieNibelungenliad meanwhile in India: let's discriminate majority of our population from martial arts and soldier training in the name of religion...😄
Yuezhi is a pashto word which mean together ..... This people migrate from Afghanistan to china part..... And after long time they come back and built Kashan dynasty
I love this channel and respect the fact you cover a number of histories including it's cultures and battles from around the globe. I too would like to see Cumans - Pechenegs - Kipchaks of the medieval period, or even the Kazan - Astrakhan - Crimean Khanates of early modern period. Even A Mahdist Sudan episode would be good!
@Metallus Zorax there are no legit aryans in europe too, the best you get is norwegians who are like ~50% steppe only and the rest is mainly central euro neolithic farmer. Aryans were western steppe nomads not some godly noble aliens
@Metallus Zorax it's all bullshit tbh. Proto-indo-european history is like a cool band with a cringe fan base. most prehistoric events are geographically detrminant. Most mass-invaders are from the steppe from Proto-indo-europeans in the bronze age to scythians to turks to mongols. Because it's a big land easy to move in and expand from for various reason and pastoralists everywhere and when are offensive and expansive by nature. People who only care about phenotype when it comes to history are the dumbest
Kushan empire more influence by Indo culture that's why Indian children in school as learn about about this empire due to kushan integration in native Indian culture
The only two invaders of the Indian Subcontinent that did not become Indianized were the Delhi Sultanate and the British. The Kushans converted to Indian Buddhism, the Huns converted to Hinduism and became the Rajputs and the Mughals, although they didn't convert to any Dharmic faith, were also highly Indianized in their langauge, cuisine, architecture, music and art. That just shows how powerful Indian culture is.
@@scourgeofgodattila579 Mughals had mongolic and turkic ancestry, therefore a mix. And huns are not turkic to my knowledge, you have some source to prove that?
@@manumon1060 Huns were Turkic,Chinese sources say that only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82] Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu " According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19] Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85] Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86] Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90] Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands. - Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower
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Do we know anything about the origins of Yuezhi? I've read different theories, some very conflicting.
Also, it would be a good idea if you could cover the relationships between Indo-European nomads (Sakas, Yuezhi, Goths) and Turko-Mongolic ones such as Xiongnu or the Huns from their first contact until the Middle Ages or even modern time in a series.
Like always, Kudos to you guys.
@@peymanmostafaei6963 Thanks! The most popular assumption is that they were Iranic and spoke Eastern Iranian.
@@KingsandGenerals the yuezhi are thought to have come from Bactria 2000 BC and yuezhi means moon people. Indo aryans under the banner of chandravanshi or moon people according to Hindu Puranas and Ramayana come from Bactria or Bahli under queen/king Ila around the 2nd millennium BC.
Connection of the moon people of Bactria?
@@KingsandGenerals Please make a video on how Buddhism and Hinduism spread to east and southeast asia or a video on ancient Indian philosophies and scientific studies.
@Kings and Generals the shātavāhana didn't controlled Kalinga. It was at that time ruled by mahāmeghabāhana dyanasty.
The Buddha statutes in Afghanistan destroyed by the Taliban were built by the Kushans. In Afghanistan we still have people called Koshanian or Kushanis
Sad that the Taliban consider themselves as Afghan nationalists and protectors of Afghan culture, but have caused so much destruction to the rich history of Afghanistan
@@tentathesane8032 They do not call themselves Nationalists lol, they instead have a Religious approach.
One of the statues was an idol and had to be destroyed. But the other was an icon so it was fine. But the talibans are dumb savages incapable of distinguish icon from idol.
That is Khoistanis not Khushanis.. Khoistan is part of Parwan .. Plus we have genetic test on people from the Khoistan and also Panjshir they score average for regular Pashtuns and Tajiks since Pashtuns and Tajiks score identification besides some Tajiks from northern Afghanistan have high East Asian admixture ..
@@persiansoundsAfg You are talking about the Turks and the Mongols
Had no idea that the Kushan Empire was that big.
There are multiple sources for the maps. I think it is difficult to say what was its real territory, so we decided to show the possible largest extent.
It wasn’t that big. No evidence for Chorasmia rule, nor for the coastal part of Pakistan and surely not Sogdiana. It is not even the maximum supposed extent because there are sources for Xinjinag Kushan rule and even (from Rabatak inscription) Pataliputra.
The main Kushan kingdom was Afghanistan, Mainly northern and easter Afghanistan, Gandhara, Mathura.
@@KingsandGenerals please do one on the sikh empire
When I saw the Timurid Empire lost complete control of Iran, I thought that it was too small to be viewed as an empire. But when I saw this video about the Kushan Empire, I quickly changed my mind because an empire that made entirely up from Central Asia and the northwestern portion of the Indian subcontinent like Kabulistan and the Punjub region is definitely not small at all.
I forgot it existed until recently
I didn't even consider this channel ever covering the Kushans, I hardly ever hear about them outside of me actively studying into them. Thanks!! 😁
To some degree the yare returning to their roots in the past they often covered lesser known chapters of history
stories about Kanishka is very popular in India we have grown up hearing about how he was force behind the spread of Buddhism into the Orient from the Indian heartland
@@amargujjar5059 Best I could find on that was a while back (honestly I don't remember where) that they came either from northern Afghanistan or, more likely, the area above it where Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan meet. Around Samarkand or Dushanbe.
गौचर गुज्जर गौचरी गुज्जरी भेड़ 🐏 बकरी 🐐 भैंस 🐃 गाय 🐄 चराने वाले चरवाहा बकरवाल खानाबदोश ग्वाला गौचर गुज्जर शूद्र समाज के लोग जॉर्जिया से आए थे हून के साथ भारत में जाकर एनसीईआरटी का इतिहास का किताब पढ़ लेना ओके जाकर अपना डीएनए टेस्ट करवा ले सबको अपना बाप बना लेते हैं।
सम्राट कनिष्क कुषाण यूची जनजाति से थे वह एक बुद्धिस्ट सम्राट था वह चाइना से आया था गौचर गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर गौचरी गुज्जरी बकरी 🐐🐐🐐 चोर इतिहास चोर सरनेम चोर सब को अपना बाप गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर बना देते हैं। क्या बात है बेटा गुज्जर भैंस 🐃🐃🐃 चोर एक मौका मुझे भी दे दो गुज्जरी बकरी 🐐🐐🐐 चोर के साथ गुज्जरी महल में 😁😂😝
I never thought I'd hear the phrase "Kabul was relatively easy to conquer".
kabul was always easy to conqure, mongols, amaricans, soviets, alaxander, mughals, british and many more have conqured kabul very easily. Afghan cities are very easy to conqure it is the countryside that is hard to conqure, afghan villages are very self sufficient, remote and harsh and for people there war is just a tradition nothing out of normal.
"wealthy" ahem....
@Kokoro Shimamura Ala ud din say hi
@@jcd776 most Afghan in past were Zoroastrian. South west was Buddhists
💔🤣
While I was aware of the Yuezhi, I was not knowledgeable about their history.
Well done as always, K&G.
Berserk fans: They were a real empire?!
Ganiskha was real?
@@eedwardgrey2 yes. His name was Kanishka..
@@Dokja0 why all these names sound Indian....
@@karandullet380 Well, the empire did encompass most of the North India so..
@@karandullet380 central asia was more indianized than persianized at the time. After the islamic conquest by the turks central asia became persianized. Iran was a more passive conservative society so it made it easy for India’s buddhism to spread that far. The Kushans had conquered North India so they were even more exposed to Indianization.
I’m just waiting for the coverage of the Cumans and Pechenegs
Yup.
Random Name stfu
@Peter D They both conquered your ancestors
@@The_Conqueeftador Mao sees sparrows eating grain*
“So you have chosen extinction”
Oh God I'm CUMAAAAN
The clothing of the Chinese emperor @20:25 is historically inaccurate. That is the Qing style, which did not come to power in China until the 17th century.
When I see wrong stuff like that, I wonder what else they get wrong that we don't notice.
True
They also depicted the king of Kashgar with Chinese appearance, I highly doubt that was the case. The king was probably local of Tocharian or proto-Turkic ethnic group.
Since there were Chinese military garrisons in the area, If the ruler was somehow ethnic Chinese and he consorted with foreign power for legitimacy, his head would've been chopped off by the military garrison.
@@voidvector yep! Dressing up like that would be seen as claiming the Chinese throne. His attire should have been closer to that of the nomadic folks.
The Han dynasty-era envoy at 7:47 is a copy of a painting of Qin Shi Huang, regalia and all...
Great content as usual - would be even better with accuracy in visual depictions.
I always wondered how Buddhism managed to spread across Asia the way it did. History class boiled the answer down to "trade" or "the Silk Road," but this video clarified the missing link. The Kushan Empire is underrated and not covered enough given its historical significance.
more than Kushans it was the mauryans who spread buddhism
Buddhism united the scattered tribes in Annam, that's says alot considering the cut throat tribal leaders that rule the erea
Buddhism was already spread out much across Central Asia before the rise of the Kushan empire.
What races are descended from the kidarites
Pretty sure Buddhism was already popular before kushans even the greeks who came before were patronage of Buddhism
Think you forgot the part where the Kushan invaded Midland.
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 nice reference
😔
This invasion could have been avoided had the Midland people just put their grasses on.
Man! I can hear Susumu Hirasawa’s Kajiwotore from reading this thread.
@Tikal this is the comment I was looking for
All this time, I was thought that Kushan was a fictional kingdom in Berserk.
The greatest treasure of the time found in Afghanistan is for the kushan time.
Ohhhj that was why it sound so familiar
Even the weapons used by them like "urumi", "chakram" etc exist
The King of the Kushans was called Ganishka in Berserk :)
"Griffith did nothing wrong"
Lol
As an indian...happy to see this...kushans had a great influence in india and rest of asia...budhism thrived in this period
Even Hinduism ( shivaite sect ) also .
They later adopted hinduism as well.
Kanishka and last kushan king name vasudeva all are hindu sanskrit names. They became great patron of Hinduism and sanskrit
@@max-cs9ko no they patronised Buddhism first then convert to Hinduism.
@@maku8075 Buddhism is just a philosophy in hinduism
11:18 I hope K&G would consider covering the lives and exploit of extraordinary Protector General Ban Chao. He basically was a nobody who came from a family of historians but was ambitious enough that he later was transferred into a cavalry major (from a pencil-pushing position!) and distinguished himself in fights against Xiongnu and later the pacification of the petty oasis states West of Han. He was basically a history nerd turned into a successful general.
Yuezhi envoys visiting the Chinese capital Luoyang in the year 2 BC gave oral teachings on Buddhist sutras to Chinese students, making them the first carriers of Buddhism into China. This is recorded in the 5th century CE 'The Book of the Later Han'.
Yuezhi is Turk
@@陈奕迅-r7b it's not turk but Central Asian tribe in more detail yuzehi
@@Dexusaz yes many of the central asian tribes conquered areas in iran, India, china and Europe but Central asia tribes doesn't mean turk only you should correct yourself otherwise Mongolian will call everybody mongols too
@@Dexusaz sorry I meant to tag the person above me and mistakenly tagged you
Relax I just trolling
I was a fan of Kushan Empire(fan only in an academic sense). It also significantly affected the culture of the Indian subcontinent of the ancient era
Even today, many indian men are named *Kanishk*
Kanishk is well known ruler....budhism also
@@mishrachabra4471 Yup. One of my friend's name is Kanishka too.
@@amargujjar5059 nope.
@@amargujjar5059 Yuezhi are not gujjars. During the time period of yuezhi, the identity of Gujjars did not even exist. The kushans, and by extension the yuezhi, got assimilated into various central asian, Northern Indian and East asian populations over time. There are no direct descendants so stop with your nonsense
Ganishka in real-life history : Apt ruler and religious.
Ganishka in Berserk : *ate his own capital and it's content*
Cutene how you pronounce kanishka as ganishk😂😂
@@anantambisht4895 ganishka is English romanisation of Japanese spelling of kanishka
@@ゼロシン it's not Japanese, Kanishka mean "one who conquers" in sanskrit
*"No one's left ... Everything's gone ...! Kharak is burning!"*
Nothing but gravel out here!
@@jawharz9759 It seems you ... Did not get the reference.
*Agnes Dei plays softly in the background*
In the manga berserk there is a kushan empire.
Yup and there King is even called Ganishka
The most brutal war machine of the antic world: Steppe horse archer.
If you're a medieval warrior, fighting horse back archers from the steppes, in a flat plains area, f-in run
@@shaka7302 if you still can
Not the most brutal but the best.
Pretty much tanks of the ancient world. War elephants doesn't count lol.
@Peter D LOL
Just how many more steppe people ended up conquering asia
Not only Asia .
Yes
@@livecarsonreaction Yes
@ARYA : officials why are you telling me this for ? Was there a question mark in my post ?🙄
@@47morlock and India was Iran south east Asia was under turkhis iranicii Uyghur kazarii empires kishan second empires of scitians sakha
Xiongnu king: I annihilated the Great Yuezhi and sent the remaining rabble fleeing thousands of miles.
King of the remaining Yuezhi: I annihilated the Saka horde, defeated the Wusun as I fled and sent the rabble fleeing. I then took over all of Central Asia and rule over close to 2 million people from Bactria to the Hindu Kush.
King of remaining Saka: I ended the Indo-Greek empire and clashed with the Great Parthian empire.
Qin and Han administrators: "Gentlemen, it was nice knowing all of you."
Han Dynasty= Level 99 boss, Indo-Greeks= Lvl 1 crook
@Who are you? There's no order in the timeline I have given. It's all in jest.
But thanks for pointing this out. I found out a lot of interesting facts about the Wusun. The Wusun king Nandoumi was defeated and killed by the Yuezhi in circa 170BCE. His legendary son, who was said to have been fed by she-wolves and ravens, then had his revenge and defeated and pushed the Yuezhi out of the Northwest China in 132BCE.
Gupta empire:shut ur damn mouth
@@amartyaraj3211 The Guptas conquered the remnants of the Kushan empire and later also did the same with the Sakas in India.
@@anirudh177 gupta threw the kushan out and broke huns
What a coincidence. I was just recently thinking about and reading up on the Kushan Empire! I find their religion particularly intriguing, it being a mix of Buddhist, Greek, Hindu, and Persian.
@ابوالفضل مازنی iranic people has Indian dna.
R1a, r1a1
no hindu was there at that time
@@aarren2 The oldest religion is Hinduism and after that zorastrainian. Check with any AI model also.
There's a legend story here in Indonesia, about Aji Saka, a Prince from India who built the first Javanese civilization.. Yes, perhaps the story of the tribe which during that conquest fled to India then merged or disappeared.. Yet we still have the legacy of Javanese writing system, Javanese Saka Calendar, along with Indian religions, languages and other influences..
*Hindu
And that was kalinga samrajyam's gift to the Javanese people
@@anirudh8159 Tamil and punjaby sikh
Indonesia was mini India unless it was forced converted by muslims
@@vasluidupaoluna2697 Sikhism is newer.
@@anantambisht4895 That didn't happen though
I'm really glad to see this video come out. The Kushan's are probably one of my favorite empires in the classical period, even with what little direct sources we have.
The Scythians, I did not defeat the Parthians, they won
I learned a lot of new stuff, thanks for this interesting and great episode. 💪🏼
Unfortunately nomads did not write their history
Kushans, Sakas, Uighurs, Khitans, Mongols, Turks, Parthians, and Jurchens all did. To be fair, most did so after turning into literate, sedentary empires, but there were exceptions. The Toluid Mongols only started writing down their history on the verge of being forced back into a nomadic life. The Chagataid Mongols never really turned sedentary but wrote down their history regardless. The Uighurs just kept writing down their history regardless of whether their civilization was nomadic or sedentary, and the Khitans wrote down their history on both sides of their empire (the northern Khitans were nomads but the southern Khitans were sedentary rulers of the Liao Dynasty). The problem is that very few of these histories were preserved. The Khitans are an important case in point because we do have many of their historical records left behind but only about half of their Chinese-derived characters can be read today.
@@andrewsuryali8540 I think another equally big problem is what other Civilizations write about them. A biased view from an Iranian or a Indian author about the Kushans, will never tell the true story. And I think the biggest problem is verifying the source from the discussed people themselves(truth/glorification) vs sedentary empires (propaganda/mysticism).
@@dogeofgreatness2222 : When that hapoens, summon the sociologists, and hand me a spade, please.
@@meilinchan7314 sure will my brother ;)
@@dogeofgreatness2222 My friend, these Iranians are more Iranian than the Chinese
It's quite fascinating to think that a seemingly localised conflict in northern China and Mongolia led to several big events such as the fall of the Western Roman Empire, destruction of the Indo-Greek empires and introduction of Buddhism in the Far East.
I count them in awe, my friend, in relation to your Iranian brothers, why?
Modu broke the Rule of Two and declared himself the Kush Lord for his new empire.
Modu was a Turkic
@@scourgeofgodattila579 "Modu" is wrong reading of old chinese characters, M is B and his name propably was a variant of Bagatur/bagapur as in MO is bog and DU is dur/tur part. Modu is reading done in beginning of 1900 century, old chinese proffesors have clarified the reading.
@@kefkahkefkah Mongolians call him Modun.
@@ElBandito Turks call hım Motu
Thats from the same source you know, 19th century they read the same chinese history book, modoun in mongolian or modu in in turkey is not independent name but both from same old chinese spelling. Try reading some new books for correct prounonciation. , modu or modoun was not a name kmow in turkish or mongolian before the 19th/18th century, just a fact try to read more. M in old chinese represent a B sound
Kushans so interesting. Indeed all central Asia history is so interesting
Thank you so much for this wonderful briefing about the Yuezhi and how they became the Kushan. The impact of them in the history is underrated.
The are still in the same region of Afghanistan today as the nomadic Kuchi people
Kushan empire is highly underrated. They are the main reasons Mahayana Buddhism spread, just as Ashoka the great to Theravada/Hinayana Buddhism. They are the reasons, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam and also Taiwan, Singapore are Buddhist countries today.
Singapore? Really?
Except of Vietnam none of these are major buddhist nation
Hi, from Canada 🇨🇦. Learnt a lot from your videos. Thanks!
I am from Modern day Purashapura aka Peshawar and it devastates me to inform you that not even the base of kanishka's stupa remains.
That and the fact that it's not even original. The base is actually of Third Stupa which was then destroyed by lightning
@Everyone is BJP IT CELL bro! spread your pathetic propaganda somewhere other Chaddilwale sanghi...!!!
@@notorious9278 that's the truth actually you sLave of arBs culturally
Something something, Berserk reference.
Tell me wha
Tell me wha
Tell me what you want.
Yes
Something something, Homeworld reference.
@@eldorados_lost_searcher
I don't know why!
i don't know why!
You are afreid!
Put your Grasses on nothing wil be wong.
As a Korean, I find it fascinating to learn that the globalization of Buddhism owes much to the Kushan Empire. In school, I learned that many Korean monks from the ancient unified Silla Dynasty traveled on pilgrimages to Central Asia and India. However, the connection between these journeys and the Kushan Empire was not included in the lessons.
Journey to the west movie the Chinese monk travel to India for Buddhist scriptures also like that
I had requested for a documentary about Kushan Empire recently in the video of Battle of Nahavand, and long time ago in another video but didn't expect to see it so soon. Kings and Generals probably had this planned for a long time. Thank you, so much for this amazing documentary.
Will you cover the remaining two of the Great Kushans i.e., Huvishka & Vasudeva, the amazing art and syncretic culture of multiple religions and finally the decline of Kushans?!
Kushan empire and today kasana or kusana are part of gujjar tribe
@@amargujjar5059 do you mean Dalit Emoji were the descendant of Kushan?
@@amargujjar5059 he's saying that gurjara are descendants of Dalits
@@cocothegoldenretriever5072 He himself is a Dalit, Achoot and untouchable that's why he calling others Dalit. Gurjars who ruled India for centuries and Rajputs were born from Gurjars. Gurjars are real Kshatriyas.👑
Kushan empire was 2.5 million sq km actually it was one of the largest and biggest empire in the world.
Your videos enhance the History of the World, and always provide details which inform and hopefully enlighten viewers to understanding more about the how's and why's of history!
Some incredible illustration in the one! Love the lesser known topics and I thought this was well written and paced too. Great job.
small nitpick 20:24 that is the attire of qing dynasty emperors not han dynasty emperors
@@JohnKuang-rf6fb But he was Chinese though and at that time it was under Chinese rule right?
@@danshakuimo Yes, Kashgar was ruled by Han Chinese but if he ever dear putting on the attire of the "Son of Heaven" the Han empire will be knocking on his door real soon.
0:44 *thicc Kushan Empire*
Thank you for this video.
I’ve never heard of this incredible story in history. Such a monumental civilization. Wow.
@@leifstennes9822 He used to be a Total War youtuber, makes sense that he is here.
@@leifstennes9822 Indeed
Wait a minute blackscape what are you doing here I thought you were dbz UA-camr I didn't know you were into history stuff as well
Thank you! I was always curious about this era of central Asia, but I could never find good reads that go into much more details!
Great video. I have to add that you could have mentioned that the official Indian calendar starts from the Saka era and was created by Kanishka the Great. This calendar was then recommended by the Indian scientist Meghnad Saha to be used as the official calendar of the newly independent Republic of India.
What calendar do we use now ? Is the Samvat Hindu calendar or something else ? I think nearly every state has its own calendar like the Bengali Calendar and the Tamil Sun Calendar.
@@dwarasamudra8889 Yes Bengal has its own calendar along with some states, but I believe the only official calendar is the Saka one. As for the astrological and religious calendars I am not too sure which one is used.
Wow I didn't know that..thanks
The original *Hindu* calendar is *VIKRAM SAMVAT* (विक्रम संवत) designed by king vikramaditya...
The republic of india adopted shak samvat in 1947 as the official calendar because of nehru's staunch anti-hindu ideology
Kushans were afghans iranics not Indians stop claiming every empire as Indian😂😂
That's why Afghans are a mixture of every nomadic tribes ever, you have hephthalites(haptalis or abdalis) mongols(hazara), saka-scythians(any tribe with -zai in their name) and turks(qizilbashi and uzbeks) and wusun yuezhi too
I am a hazara not a Mongol do you even have any information about us
Abdali was a person not a tribe
@@SAMAYDOSTDAR abdali is a tribe... The person you are referring to is Ahmed shah abdali...'ahmed shah' was his name and abdali was his tribe name...
Include Pashtuns too. They were an Iranian tribe. Even natives of Afghanistan and KP province of Pakistan are descended from native Ashvaka tribe.
@@puneetmishra4726 abdali are Pashtuns who are thought to be the white Huns, khiljis are Pashtuns who are thought to be the Turks, yousufzai and some other pashtun tribes are thought to belong to lost tribes of Israel ...well in my opinion Pashtuns tribes are a mix of many races and ethnicities who adopted pashtun culture...
This is awesome! I didn’t even know that this empire existed! I had only heard it’s name mentioned on occasion, so thanks for a great educating clip! :)
Kushanas were Tocharians and were already Hindu as mentioned in Kanishka's inscriptions
Edit: It is well known history that the Kushana and Hunas in Bharat varsha became Shaivites later, thus I use the word "already"
Edit 2: Mihirakula
Edit 3: Turki Shahi and the Gardez Ganesha and Khair Khaneh Surya idols and inscriptions found in Gandhara region of modern day Afghanistan constructed by the Turki Shahi Hunah ruler Khingila (not be confused with his predecessor prior to the Nezak Hunah, Khingila of Alchon Hunah)
Just wondering if we have know for sure now that they're Tocharians?
When we were studying about them back in school it's still unconfirmed and they could be either Tocharians, Iranians or some unknown Indo-European group.
@@wilhelmreinhardt4643 Tocharians were of two stock, one Sanskritic and other Avestanic (the Avestanic being some influence from Sogidan who tho were mostly Hindu). It is easily interpolated from the records of Megasthenes, Strabo, Ptolemy, Hiuen Tsang as well as traditional sources, Aitareya Brāhmaṇa, Valmiki Ramayana, Vyas Mahabharata, and ultimately Chinese records of Yeuzhi and inscriptions of Kushanas and Hunas (the latter of whom were of common origin if not the same) which describe the regions of Uttara Kuru (Xinjiang and Eastwards, homeland of Tocharians and Yeuzhi), Uttara Madra (Tajik and beyond), Uttara Balika (Bactria), all of which intersected each other and were mentioned by the Greek and Chinese (Hieun Tsang specifically) chronologists/histographers as being associated by Hindus of Aryavarta (Arya has no racial connotation like fake construct of Aryan, Dahae/Dasa were Iranian tribes who's descendants became Zoroastrians and still exist today). Hiuen Tsang specifically mentions Uttar Kuru to be a Hindu-Buddhist and the Sogidans being largely Hindu which is further proved through various sources as well as their paintings and artifacts. The Khotans which was particularly mentioned to be Hindu kingdom being formed by the descendants of the blind son of Ashoka, assimilated with Tocharians in Uttara Kuru and thus the last remnants of Tocharians were later absorbed by Uyghur Turkics.
It might also interest you to know that the Hara Huna tribe where mentioned in Mahabharata, also the inscriptions of Hüis Tolgoi and Bugut found in Mongolia were fully in Brahmi script in the former and half of the latter
@@wilhelmreinhardt4643 Western academia is quite deceptive, most of what you learn in Uni is purposefully half assed
@@wilhelmreinhardt4643 Tokharoi applied by Strabo to one of the Saka tribes from the country on the other side of the Iaxartes, that overran the Greco-Bactrian kingdom in 2nd century BC. Even modern scholars identify Tokharoi with Yeuzhi
@@thebeyonder4113 huns and kushan were tengrisim and never converted hinduism and kaniska was a buddha
We learnt to an extent about kushan empire in our history books. But the story of their origin was fascinating.
Wow, that was a blind spot at my knowledge and an important one
Loved that you mentioned professor Kenneth Harl. My favorite of history professors I've heard lecture.
Commenting because Kenneth Harl was my favorite college professor! Great, entertaining educator, and a true expert on all things Roman and Near East antiquity
In one of his lectures he said that indus valley civilization was destroyed by aryan invasions..🙄
Kapil Rana I never took a course on the Indus Valley civ so I can’t speak to his perspective or to the merits of the argument. I will say that every once in a while in class he had an old fashioned opinion, but he was still an excellent lecturer and a real authority on the stuff more firmly in his wheelhouse (Greece, Rome, Vikings). Having one anachronistic opinion does not make a historian bad
@@mvcandyclub3230 you are right..i have gone through his barbarian empires of the steppe course and he was brilliant but his knowledge on on india esp pre islamic history of india is a bit outdated..otherwise a really good historian..
@@userwsyz Nope..there is no kind of evidence that supports this theory now..
As someone from Central Asia, born in the birthcity of Babur, these videos are incredibly inspiring and comforting. Our history is cruelly overlooked and misinterpreted. But you make it justice. Thank you for these and keep up the amazing work.
I hope you don't think that the yuezhi and saka people were proto-turkic mongoloid people
@@collin-theonlyandone2299 of course not, but it is nomadic and regional history.
@@jusuferg9945 Agree. Its part of Central Asian history nonetheless
Lol
None of the empire have anything to do with central Asia
Kushans were heavily indianized empire and Mughals also adopted indian culture calling the empire as hindustan
These empires were not even located in central Asia lol
@@Ankit-d9f4u kushan are part of the central Asian nomadic tribes, they only conquered Indians and ruled over them 💀
OK I'VE DONE IT! After poking fun of Kings and Generals for over a year because of their Raid:Shadowlegends adds, I took pity and downloaded the game from the referral link. The things you do for your favorite history channel!
It's pretty amazing that the Kushan were able to influence the Chinese into accepting Buddhism didn't expect that one bit.
The Scythians have won. I am strong. We are the sons of the dragons
@@عليياسر-ك8ف what are you talking about man
@@justinlabrosse8506 These Scythians who made the symbol of the dragon and the symbol of the Nazis
Please make a video on how Buddhism and Hinduism spread to east and southeast asia or a video on ancient Indian philosophies and scientific studies.
6 Indian orthodox schools of philosophy also.
I like how this channel isn't eurocentric and always covers interesting historical periods from each and every part of the world
and how/why they were defeated/removed from Central Asia & India
@@johnl.7754 Declined you mean
mostly Pallava empire help spread Hinduism to south East. Though they have huge amount of Sanskirt derived words in their languages almost all of them pre-islam had alphabets derived from Pallava alphabets. Certain alphabets like Burma, Thai still use alphabets based on Pallava alphabet. Pallavas themselves during their initial period were a vassal state of Satavahanas.
Another empire I had never heard of... I hope you'll continue to tell their History.
The tale from sumatra told the prince from kushan empire landing in east sumatra beach and become the founding father of sriwijayan empire in 2 AD
Azi shaka from ujjain not uchi
Lets go, the kushan empire is one of my favorites of all time!
14:25 Achievement unlocked: Unifying all the -stan countries
I had read about Kushan Empire in my text books but I am really amazed now by listening proper origins, thank you so much k nd g
Any thoughts of going into Indian history? Would be curious to see Chandragupta's conquests
Kushan empire is part of Indian history
As an Turkic person from O'zbekiston, THANK YOU very much for this great video. There is not any video about Qushons in our country at this level. But as a little suggestion you should stop compare every nomadic khaganates with mongol empire. Bagatur (Modu) is role model for most of the nomadic battle tacticians like genghis or Alparslan. By the way I can not found a detailed Baideng battle video in this channel. It may be interesting.
Malades
Uzbekistan is more likely assimilated into Turkic by language but culturally still Iranian.
@@jurmanjiojurmancki5929 SHUT UP İGRONANT.
Sounds to me the Chinese were the only civilization that kept a record of what happened and one always has to resort to Chinese sources to get to know the history of surrounding nations.
Same with the Romans for western Europe
Misc. oddity - As shown on the coin, the Kushans initially used the Greek alphabet (and very briefly Greek language) for administrative purposes. Greek was later superseded by Brahmi scripts.
Not Brahmi script but Kharosthi, which was native script of Gandhara.
Kushan empire is Buddhist empire but it respects all religions equally not like present people who hates Hindus or Brahmanism completely or other religions religion doesn't matter at all only thing matters is that he is human being or not in the end
Kushan empire respects all the religions in North India also not only Buddhism but All religions actually
They didn't kill others based on religion
Why is the Han emperor dressed as a Qing Emperor?
Common mistake.
Kipchacks and Cuman please
Turkic Empires 💪💪💪
Xiongnu, Uigyhur khanate, manchu etc
I love to know them :)
So basically this Xiongnu-Yuezhi conflict created almost the same situation as the Barbarian invasion of different tribes in Western Roman empire.
Not to mention the xiongnu eventually. We’re pushed west too and became the hunnu ie huns
@The Star no just no 😂
1. Maurya empire
2. Kushan empire
3. Indo Sycthian
Are three greatest empires created by Buddhist rulers and emperors
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب you Muslims are fake and fraud people only who claims everything as yours only
Mauryas are from Magadh region their ancestors are came from Iran or not we don't know at all it is just theory or opinions that's all
Indo Scythians are descendants of Scythians who came from Iran
Kushans came from central Asia
Now stop saying they are all from Iran as people will laugh at you 😂
@@عليياسر-ذ5ب they are not Aryans stop claiming them as Aryans at first place Aryans came from central Asia only right you don't have proves and evidence to claim it they are outsiders
They are not Aryans at all you are very ignorant about Indian history be ignorant like that only OK keep your kings and emperors with you only.
Chandragupta Maurya never said he is Aryan it is false theory created by you rabid dogs.
Another great video. If Kings and Generals ever cover the rise of the Comanche or Iroquois I'll freak out
Central Asian who used Iranian and Sanskrit titles and used Greek and Indian philosophy, is mind-blowing
I the notification bell rings and I instantly rush to watch!!! That simple!!!
Videolarınızı zevkle izliyorum.Başarılarınız devamlı olsun.Türkiye'den selamlar :)
Depicting the Yuezhi as mongoloids is wrong as they were clearly europid as seen on their coins, carpets and their description by their neighbors.
Yeah that is an issue i saw throughout the video, in most depictions within this video they were shown as bearing turkic features when in reality they were steppe iranians or indo europeans.
@@barnettpesin99 Lol,that explains...
Did you watch the video properly? Which part of the guys in 16:45 looks like mongoloid?
@@lglstc137:55
@@tornado4708 well it is mainly thought of that they were indo europeans yes who came from gansu province in china, but not exactly iranians. They probably spoke some sort of eastern iranian language though and might have had relations to the Saka/Scythians.
Proud to be a direct descendant of Kushana (Kusana) Empire ❤️
Kasana- Kas+huna
Gujjar are Huns not kushans. Stop making stories.
@@notorious9278 let me enlighten you about some history, Greater Yuezhi consisted of 5 tribes/branches one of them were the Guishuang/Gusana/Kashana who made a confederation under their name, they defeated Sakas and remained in power until Sasanian took over who were Persians, later Sasanians were overthown by the Lesser Yuezhi tribe known as Jiduoluo/Kidarities/Kidara Huns, they adobted the name Kushanshah, used their coins and regarded themselves as inheritors of the Kushans, now no historian til date considers Yuezhi to be Turkish-Mongoloid or "Hun", so why Kidara Huns claimed to be Kushanas?
The answer is while Kushanas were ruling they had vassals working for them known as Xionites/Chionites which were the Huns, Ammianus Marcellinus, who was in Bactria during 356-357 CE; he described the Chionites as living with the Kushans,
Xionities had two main sub groups, Red Huns and the White Huns, Red Huns were Kidarites and Alchon and the White Huns were Hephthalites (which later became Rajputs) and Nezak Huns,
Gujjar/Gurjar is a term used in sanskrit that means destroyer of the enemy, term was used in 1 AD for the Kushanas and their vassals the Huns, this amalgamation of Greater Yuezhi tribes and Huns the proclaimed Lesser Yuezhi tribes confused historians and generations to come,
However coming to your statement my friend, my Gotra is Kashmiri: Kasana which is derived from Brahmi: Kusana, Sanskrit: Kushana, in Mahabharat Kushanas are called Kusa and said to be a decendents of Lord Rama son Kusha and my Varna is Suryavashi Kshatriya.
@@notorious9278 do some research before posting stupid comments
@@ZarghoonKushana stupid gochars are Huns. The Yuezhi were the tocharians and were the biggest enemies of the Huns the Huns were Mongols and Turks themselves. The Huns destroyed kushan empire and pushed them towards modern day North West India the kushans in India are known as jats and in Afghanistan yusufzai pathan, pashtuns and koshani people. The gochars are pure Huns even your name has hoon name you are a illiterate hun.
@@notorious9278 guajjars r cow grazer low caste peasent Indians that's it
Happy that you covered Kushan empire, thanks from India
I need to rewatch it again, so much info about something I knew nothing about.
Just started the video...will there be something with the Indo-Greek Bactrian Kingdom in this story? 🤞🤞🤞
Another awesome video. Anyway, out of curiosity, are you guys planning to cover southeast asian history?
This empire was massive
Really massive
Thank you for compiling these infos about the various prominent tribal confederations that impacted n made history in Eurasia during that period 👍
I love your channel but my favorite videos are always about these groups I know too little about. What a terrific history of these crucial peoples.
Loved this episode. Interesting to see how the ancient world interconnected from Han to Roman Empires
one of my favourite pieces of history
Can you do a video on Pompey and his conquests of the east?
The Parthians of this person, my friend
Kushan history is taught as a part of Indian history too. Surprising to them featured here. Unexpected surprise..
Could we please get a video about medieval Chinese war tactics? I wanna know why the Chinese Empire lasted so long, and understand why the nomads sometimes beat the Chinese.
You don't understand that the Chinese are more often outside rivals, most of the time in civil wars, and civil wars are the most brutal, the peak of the Han Dynasty had a population of over 60 million, and only 6 million after the civil war at the end of the empire Even so, they could not fight for the only final victor and even did not hesitate to introduce northern nomadic tribes to participate in the civil war. Haha, then weak and then grow up, and then enter the peak, a civil war in the Tang Dynasty lost 70% of the population, the plains in northern China almost became no man's land, at this time the nomads in the north will have no resistance to enter the north of China , and grow stronger, these nomadic groups have almost the same blood as the Chinese, and will gradually become integrated with the Chinese. The rise of Mongolia happened to be the time when the three political forces in China were at their weakest. Even so, Mongolia spent It took 60 years to finally defeat China, the Mongols conquered easily in Central Asia and Eastern Europe, but it was very difficult in China, and the Mongol massacres in Central Asia did not work at all on China's side, because usually the Chinese This is often done in civil wars. In the end, the Mongols used the method of profiting the Chinese army to rebel and completed the elimination of the Chinese regime. In order to appease the Chinese people's resistance, the Mongols adopted much lower taxes than China's own emperor, which made most Chinese choose to surrender to Mongolia and betray their own emperor and bureaucracy. Haha, China has always been a secular Crowd, everyone pursues the maximization of interests! However, the Mongols' rule lasted only 89 years, because the Mongols, like the Chinese, like internal power struggles, and the high-level struggles in Mongolia have caused the country's financial system to collapse. Coupled with natural disasters and bureaucratic inaction, Chinese farmers The group overthrew the rule of the Mongols. Guess what the Mongols will do at this time? The Mongols fought civil wars in the north for their rights, and the peasant uprising groups were also fighting each other because of different factions. At this time, it was a strange phenomenon that the Mongols fought their own civil wars, and the Chinese fought the Chinese civil wars. They did not interfere with each other. The Chinese's own civil war was over, and the winners went north to attack the Mongols, and kept attacking on the Mongols' home grasslands, captured almost the entire bureaucratic class and intellectuals of Mongolia and brought them back to the core areas of China to serve the new regime. Then the Mongols returned to the original nomadic life again, and their internal struggles continued for decades until they became two forces and reached a balance! Even when the western colonists completely colonized India and Southeast Asia, and then colonized China, the Chinese had a terrible civil war due to internal conflicts. This civil war caused the most economically prosperous area of China to lose more than 70 million people, and the western colonists only occupied The two cities of Hong Kong and Macau were destroyed, and the Western colonists were still unable to gain a foothold in China. They were continuously attacked by the army organized by the people, so in the end they only used the behavior of blackmailing the emperor to help the emperor stabilize the state power, thereby dumping goods and opium. benefit from
It's not so much that their empire lasted a long time as their civilization, as at least a dozen Chinese empires rose and fell over the roughly 2 thousand years imperial period.
there is no such thing as chinese empire there were many kingdoms and empires that ruled china same as India had many empires and kingdoms no one says Indian empire
@@riderchallenge4250 There was a Chinese Empire, it changed sizes and dynasties many times but Every Chinese Emperor referred to his Empire as China "Middle Kingdom".
@@theawesomeman9821 no one did that. There was no such title as Emperor of china. China is not even chinese word.
I have heard the name of Kanishka but I had no idea he was from the Kushan empire! Even I didn't know the impact the Kushan empire left on India! Kings and General teaches more than the history books!
Kanishka is a berserk villain
@@ゼロシンKanishk is a common name in India
Please make a video on the battles of the crisis of the 3rd century (Mediolanum, Pavia, Fano)
It is such a shame that content of this caliber that is informative, fun and easy to understand only has 1.7 million subs or so. It breaks my heart to see worthless people succeed while great channels have difficulties continuing their career.
I don't know if everyone notice but damn, Han china have great commanders and tacticians despite the fact they still had xiongnu enemies at that time they didn't left Tarim undefended.
The Kushan Empire is easily one of the most underrated empires in world history. That is, if one even heard about them, because most people never even think that some organised state existed at the time between Persia and China.
It's interesting to see that Asian nomads have that much of soldiers (100,000 horse archers etc.) I mean, when you think that it is quite hard to live at steppes... how can they have that much of soldiers? Maybe it's because for most step-nations there is an "army/nation" system but still I am not sure.
It is like the German tribes in the Roma era. Every adult basically is a soldier.
Many soldiers were young boys and fit elderly men. I won't be surprised if even deaf men and some women were also warriors. Everyone had to fight because if they didn't, then defeat may be likely and all will be killed.
@@DieNibelungenliad yh nomadic cultures like Somalis, Mongolians, turks, etc have always had a martial intelligent warlike culture where every adult male who wasn't a priest would be a warrior sometimes even the women too..their nomadic lifestyle also made them very agile and lethal as every day would be a war with nature, famine, drought, seeking pasture land for the livestock on scouting mission, protecting the livestock from raids by other nomads, and constantly fighting either themselves or outsiders
Basically, nomadic people were always better more lethal fighters than farming based societies
@@YY-ms1dz yh, and Somalis, in Somali xeer customary law, every adult male who wasn't a Wadaad (priest) was a warrior for his clan family (based on paternal lineage) and equestrian skills, using weapons, scouting etc was taught from a young age ...by the time a person reached 15 or older, they already had years of valuable experience in the arts of warfare and extreme survival on scarce resources
@@DieNibelungenliad meanwhile in India: let's discriminate majority of our population from martial arts and soldier training in the name of religion...😄
Never even heard of this Empire. 🤯🤯🤯🧐🧐🧐🤓 So stopped scrolling and put on the video ASAP. 😀 Great way to start the day. +coffee n crunches. 😉☕😎
Yuezhi is a pashto word which mean together
..... This people migrate from Afghanistan to china part..... And after long time they come back and built Kashan dynasty
Me after playing Imperator Rome and read this video tittle: "Yes yes, I know that reference"
as per archeological survey by different scientist in history today "JAT" of Indian and Pakistan region are that era of "Yuezhi" and "SAKA"
I love this channel and respect the fact you cover a number of histories including it's cultures and battles from around the globe. I too would like to see Cumans - Pechenegs - Kipchaks of the medieval period, or even the Kazan - Astrakhan - Crimean Khanates of early modern period. Even A Mahdist Sudan episode would be good!
Me: Clicks on video
Video: Starts playing podcast music
Me: Yessss! This is gonna be a good one!
This channel opens your eyes and ears
The last time I was this early the Indo-Europeans still prayed to the Sky Father
@Metallus Zorax we r mixed. And majority still speaks Indo European language
No the indo Greeks never prayed to sky they had their own greek mythology and greek god's.
@Metallus Zorax there are no legit aryans in europe too, the best you get is norwegians who are like ~50% steppe only and the rest is mainly central euro neolithic farmer. Aryans were western steppe nomads not some godly noble aliens
@Metallus Zorax and scientifically speaking.... to this date, there is no anthropological measure to define as to what exactly is an *ARYAN*
@Metallus Zorax it's all bullshit tbh. Proto-indo-european history is like a cool band with a cringe fan base. most prehistoric events are geographically detrminant. Most mass-invaders are from the steppe from Proto-indo-europeans in the bronze age to scythians to turks to mongols. Because it's a big land easy to move in and expand from for various reason and pastoralists everywhere and when are offensive and expansive by nature. People who only care about phenotype when it comes to history are the dumbest
Kushan empire more influence by Indo culture that's why Indian children in school as learn about about this empire due to kushan integration in native Indian culture
The only two invaders of the Indian Subcontinent that did not become Indianized were the Delhi Sultanate and the British. The Kushans converted to Indian Buddhism, the Huns converted to Hinduism and became the Rajputs and the Mughals, although they didn't convert to any Dharmic faith, were also highly Indianized in their langauge, cuisine, architecture, music and art. That just shows how powerful Indian culture is.
@@90amankumar81 Mughals and Huns Turkic
@@90amankumar81 Mughal too Turkic
@@scourgeofgodattila579 Mughals had mongolic and turkic ancestry, therefore a mix. And huns are not turkic to my knowledge, you have some source to prove that?
@@manumon1060 Huns were Turkic,Chinese sources say that
only the Turkic Gaoju origin of the Hephthalites should be retained as indicative of their primary ethnicity.[82]
Weishu, vol. 103 txt: "高車，[...] 其語略與匈奴同而時有小異，或云其先匈奴之甥也", tr: "The Gaoju, [...] their language and the Xiongnu's are similar though differ a little; or to say it differently, they are the sororal nephews/sons-in-laws of the Xiongnu
"
According to the Book of Wei, the Yuebans' language and customs were the same as the Gaoche, who were Turkic speakers. Yuebans(Weak Xiongnu) cut their hair and trimmed their ghee-smeared, sun-dried, glossy eyebrows evenly, and washed before meals three times everyday.[18][19]
Chinese sources link the Tiele people and Ashina to the Xiongnu, According to the Book of Zhou and the History of the Northern Dynasties, the Ashina clan was a component of the Xiongnu confederation.[84][85]
Uyghur Khagans claimed descent from the Xiongnu (according to Chinese history Weishu, the founder of the Uyghur Khaganate was descended from a Xiongnu ruler).[86]
Both the 7th-century Chinese History of the Northern Dynasties[87] and the Book of Zhou,[88] an inscription in the Sogdian language, report the Göktürks to be a subgroup of the Xiongnu.[89][90]
Tiele are originally Xiongnu's splinter stocks. As Tujue are strong and prosperous, all Tiele districts (郡) are divided and scattered, the masses gradually dwindled and weakened. Until the beginning of Wude [era], there have been Xueyantuo, Qibi, Huihe, Dubo, Guligan, Duolange, Pugu, Bayegu, Tongluo, Hun, Sijie, Huxue, Xijie, Adie, Baixi, etc. scattered in the northern wastelands.
- Jiu Tangshu, 199, lower