The Country With NO TERRITORY
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- Опубліковано 15 тра 2024
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▶ In this video I talk about the only country in the world that has no territory: the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, previously known as the Knights Hospitaller. The Order was first established when Italian merchants set up a hospital in, at the time, Muslim-ruled Jerusalem. With the conquest of the Holy City by Europeans - through the First Crusade - the Hospitallers gained an increased role in acting as Knights for the protection of the city, thus adding a military element to their previous one. When Jerusalem fell, they withdrew into Cyprus, but found no way of truly establishing themselves there, therefore beginning to plan a conquest of the famous island of Rhodes. They succeeded in doing so, and it was at this moment that they saw their official establishment as a country 'per se', with the constant support of the Papacy since its establishment. Eventually Rhodes fell to an Ottoman invasion, and the Knights were forced to seek exile in Sicily, at the time ruled by the Spanish Crown. When this happened, the Pope happened to be a member of the Order itself, and so he negotiated with the Spanish king the acquisition of the nearby island of Malta for the Order, who would exist as a Spanish tributary state, altough mostly symbolically. As the Order established itself in Malta, the Ottomans rushed to attack them again, but they were successful in their defense this time and achieved a historical and magnificent victory that begun a golden age in their rule, culminating with an attempt to establish their own colonial empire in the Caribbean, by acquiring some islands off of France. Eventually they began losing influence throughout Europe - first due to the Protestant Reformation, which caused them to lose their properties and respective income in Britain. And then through the French Revolution that caused the same in France. Soon after, Napoleon - another product of the Revolution - invaded Malta on the way to his Egyptian Campaign. And the Knights were forced to surrender and seek exhile in Saint Petersburg. The order disbanded throughout most of Europe, concentrating in Russia - who took the biggest role in financing it and won great influence within it (even seeing Tsar Paul I become Grand-Master). For whatever reason, Sweden offered their island of Gotland to the Knights in exchange for them renouncing their claim on Malta (perhaps to help France), but the Order refused. Eventually they were forced to give up this claim anyway, and so they found themselves without any territory of their own; eventually returning to Italy where Papal protection was renewed, and moving into their old Roman Embassy which now comprises the full extent of their land, effectively being a country with no territory.
TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Intro
01:51 The origin of the Order
02:39 Etymology of Hospitaller
02:47 Papal approval
03:09 Kingdom of Jerusalem
04:31 Rivalry with the Templars
04:41 Fall of Jerusalem
04:59 Arrival in Cyprus
05:23 Conquest of Rhodes
05:36 Becoming a 'Country'
08:00 Ottoman invasion and loss of Rhodes
08:30 Hospitaller escape to Sicily
08:34 Arrival in Malta
09:30 The Order's influence in Europe
10:13 Territorial evolution overview
10:56 Ottoman Siege of Malta
12:32 Golden Age of the Knights in Malta
13:06 Hospitaller attempt at a Colonial Empire
14:06 The start of the Order's demise
15:32 Loss of property and influence in Europe
16:05 Napoleon's invasion of Malta
16:44 Exile in Saint Petersburg
17:27 Swedish offer of Gotland
17:52 Definitive loss of Malta
18:03 Temporary residences throughout Italy
18:13 Arrival in Rome
18:28 Renewed Papal support
19:03 Returning to its original mission
19:21 Diplomatic Status and relations
19:47 Stamps, Passports, Currency
20:06 The Order's mission today
20:59 Retaining of Sovereignty
21:34 Summary
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*Are there any other interesting examples of countries with strange 'conditions'? Either today or throughout history?*
Sealand first comes to mind for me (although unoriginal) but the less-known ex-country of the Islands of Refreshment (in modern-day Tristan da Cunha) is really interesting
what if italy had never united?
You Can Also add ,that during Napoleon's visit in Malta he stole all of the churches bronze,silver and gold holy materials, also stole the La Vallette's sword that he personally gave to us and took it back to France...to this day they did not return it.
the Sikh empire/khalsa raj now called Khalistan
its also an old empire (19th century) that got annexed and then annexed to a country that gained independence from previous annexure and
so still annexed as a colony but the old country was not given back when British left instead split between 2 new countries (1947 partition)
Khalistan created multiple military groups, their own currency and in the 100,000s declared independence in 1986 during an arrests on site curfew in a militarized Panjab
in every Sikh temple/church (Gurudwara) the calendars from have Khalistan independence day marked on the calendar and the state of Connecticut (US) also recognizes it
majority of countries do not recognizes it due to ties and trade deals with India, as India plays both sides with Nato countries and being in BRICS although, while media especially social media constantly demonize the movement and downplay or flat out censor the on going sikh genocide, even thru posts and videos from other countries by pressure of the Indian Gov
8:00 + 8:30 - So the Rhodes got conquered in 1552, but the Hospitallers retreated to Sicily a couple of years before 1530?
This doesn't chime!
Were they capable of time travelling or whatnot? 🙂
The Hospitallers constructed many magnificent fortifications on Malta after the Great Siege. In fact, the islands were essentially transformed into a giant fortress. Many of their fortifications still exist and some are used for civilian purposes.
Very cool! Do you have any examples of the civilian purposes?
@@General.Knowledge One example is Fort San Salvatore, it's private property now, but was leased to a concrete company for a while before 1982.
Yes that was my favorite thing about Malta
@@General.Knowledgelook into star forts in the Atlantic and Caribbean.
I’m Maltese and I’m living in Malta and in Valletta, our capital city , there's a fortification called Forta Sant’ Elmu that has been turned into a heritage site.
As a Maltese person I am very happy to see videos about this topic. The order are a very important part of our history and we're very proud of it 🇲🇹🇲🇹
As a Maltese Person, this is one of the best explanations I've seen of the history of the SMOM. Unforunatley whilst most schools teach us to be patriotic of their achievements during their time in Malta, we aren't thought that the SMOM still exists, and don't discuss the rest of the fascinating history the SMOM has, apart from mentioning the Great Siege of 1565 over and over again. Super appreciative of the work that went into making this video and the simple yet detailed explanation. Thank you so much!
So the Maltese government doesn't invite SMOM members home to commemorate important Maltese historical events?
The Gotland offer is so strange. I wonder how it would have worked if they had accpeted the offer and were still there; a Catholic state in the midst of a mainly Protestant and very secular region. Also what role it would have played in the two world wars, the cold war etc.
The Teutonic Order controlled Prussia and eventually became protestant and goy worked into the German princely states.
Alternative history ideals ty. 😊
it would have probbaly maintained Neutrality
I can't imagine it would have done anything in either war
Me when someone says the Vatican City is the smallest country on Earth:
I literally made my own video about this.
The smallest state its not really a country
sealand???
No it is
@@Akinwaleseguna city state is a country
You Can Also add ,that during Napoleon's visit in Malta he stole all of the churches bronze,silver and gold holy materials, also stole the La Vallette's sword that he personally gave to us and took it back to France...to this day they did not return it.
Not relevant to the video
@@user-ux2kk5vp7mFranz?
The Order also runs many local ambulance vehicles/services, at least in my country (Germany). If you think about it, it's amazing that you can call an ambulance and get help from, essentially, a medieval crusader order.
In Italy too
yeah that's awesome
Next video should be about the Knight’s Templars
I speak Spanish to God, Italian to women, French to men, and German to my horse. Charles the 5th
Like everyone should
lmao german to horse
Monks ✅
Doctors ✅
Knights ✅
Pirates ✅
oh yeah... it's Hospitallin' time
Fun fact. Hospitallers dismantled and used the remnants of the Mosaleum of Halicarnassos (today's Bodrum) in the construction of their castle. Castle still stands today.
my man just got a country to help
more like 1 person
It was very surprising how they responded and were so helpful!
@@General.Knowledge yeah, that's honestly really cool how some countries actually respond to single people.
The Military Order is now more like the Maltese-Italian foundation with a long history. Nowadays, it helps children to prevent and fight with serious and rare illnesses (like AIDS/HIV or SMA) and disabilities (like amputation or autism). It's now headquartered in Rome, Italy and has two currencies: traditional Scudo and modern Euro.
In addition to their extraterritorial possessions in Rome, the Order also owns the upper part of the Fort St. Angelo in Malta since 1998
A video about the Teutonic Order would be interesting as well.
This was an interesting topic and Malta looks like it’s a beautiful island.
Their huge castle still existing on Rhodes is awesome too
@@parkex I’ve been to Rhodes and seen a few of the ruins there, but not to Malta. I agree.
@@awedelen1 Have to visit Malta too one day, my 2nd cousin was there this week.
Malta IS a beautiful place, I have been fortunate enough to have visited many time and look forward too returning again some time
Needs more trees
in greece we call Rhodes the island of the knights
Am I the only one who thinks it’s crazy that a knightly order from the Flipping CRUSADES still exists and has existed continuously since them?!
No :D In my country (Germany), they run some of the ambulance services, so if you call an ambulance there is a decent chance that you get help from a real medieval crusader order. (The medics are of course not members of the order but ordinary employees, but still - the order runs the organisation)
@@untruelie2640I discovered that they run some ambulances because I saw one of those in Monza (Italy) one week ago.
I was excited to see their logo and SMOM on the side of the ambulance.
It's so cool they have some also in Germany, and I assume they have others in other states too at this point.
@@daniele8484 Technically there are even two orders running ambulances in Germany. One is the (obviously catholic) Order of Malta, the other are the Johanniter (referring to St. John, the patron saint of the original hospital of the Knights Hospitaller in Jerusalem), who were originally the north german section of the Order of Malta and who broke away and became protestant after the reformation.
@@untruelie2640 Ahhh I didn't know that. Thank you so much for your explanation. Dankeschön :)
that's awesome@@daniele8484
"What is it, Harry?"
"The stuff that dreams are made of." - The Maltese Falcon, 1941
Bro got a whole country to help him in a video💀
Very interesting! I was asked to join the order about 10 years ago and I ended up not joining because I moved to New Zealand for work. I was aware of it but I did not know their history in such a detailed way! Thank you! :)
You in construction of the subterranean type?
@@longhairdontcare122 what?
@@rickbazz7454 he probably believes the order is a cult controlling the world building subterranean structures and stuff
Looks like there are a dozen or so knights in New Zealand. They look like they are part of the SMOM association in Australia.
@@timf162 I'm in Australia now, i might have a look, thanks!
Super interesting video about such a complex history of this Order. I realised they had been in Jerusalem and Malta, but not that they were still active as an organisation (sans territory). Wow!👍
This may explain why my mom had 2% Maltese DNA. Her mother was from an island not far from Rhodes
DNA is a hoax, and cannot possibly tell you about what precise location a lineage was at. How would an island be imprinted into genetics? Don't be stooopdid.
@@DevinLiberty the people from different areas have different bits of DNA so if someone lived in greece they would have slightly different DNA to someone in china and therefore if you look at the DNA then you will find these greece specific differences and know the person is genetically greek you can do this with anyone and you will be able to find what their ethnicity [or atleast majority ethnicity] is
Congrats. Always learning with this channel
Some of these stories are getting it backwards, for example with the Caribbean Islands "the order" did not get them because of its influence in France. They got them because de Poincy was, besides a hospitaller, still also a French nobleman who also worked for France. He worked in the French navy, his older brother was in the service of the king's younger brother, and other members of their family were part of the colonial administration of Canada. De Poincy was sent to the Caribbean in the service of France, it's only that once he arrived he decided he wanted to start acting like he didn't have any obligations to the king and when a replacement was sent he rebelled.
It was only years after his appointment that the order got involved and de Poincy had to convince them to pay for the colonies so that he could continue to rule. The order then also tried to replace him as governor but he rebelled again. The order never had any real interest in the Caribbean which is why they sold it back the second he died.
Wouldn't some governments in exile count as governments without territory?
Difference is those governments aren't recognized. SMOM is.
Tolles Video! Sehr interessant.
if anyone is interested I enjoy providing tourists with places to go around my homeland of Malta, especially the niche places people wouldn't be aware of
Really entertaining. As they all are. Kudos.
Thanks!
The SMOM is one of the entities which I am modelling my project nation hobby on.
There is current dispute with Vatican whether the Order is actually Sovereign.
Thank you for covering Malta in a video, our history is quite underrated tbh.
A nation was founded in Jerusalem and got dispersed over the diaspora. Sounds familar.
Oy vey
its not a nation tho a country. there is no ethnic identity attached to it.
not a nation tho
Interesting Topic General Knowledge!!!
Thank you!
@@General.Knowledge Thank you for creating such great videos.
very interesting video. 1.09 i wonder why that old map had Malta "upsidedown". Valletta has some amazing historical architecture.
There are still passports of it and there are many fortifications in Malta
This is an amazing video.
Parabéns pelo vídeo. Teu canal se tornou numa biblioteca em vídeo. E, embora haja pequenas correções, a quantidade de detalhes é realmente incrível.
Parabéns 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾
The answer is simple Malta is a tropical paradise where the nights can get a suntan and sip on margaritas why the Gotland On the upper hand you're likely to become a local tourist attraction as you freeze the death.😂😂😂😅
Always wanted to visit Malta one day 😊
Me too!
It is beautiful. 3 World Heritage Sites. So much history. Good food, nice weather.
I was there for my birthday in 2008.
I love Malta 🇲🇹 such a beautiful place can't wait to get back
Malta was beautiful a few years ago. What you're going to see if you visit now is mostly construction, cranes, crowded places, cars and everything alike. It has basically lost it's soul. All of this history gone with the wind...
What a fascinating history, I've read quite a few about the SMOM and its curious, peculiar and specific situation, and still find difficult to truly understand how this entity exists and works, thanks btw to the video that really helps to understand some of the details. As I understand, correct me if I'm wrong, or further explanations are very welcome on this topic, the SMOM would be some sort of warring party at the very beginning of its foundation, and what in another place and situation would become the ruling elite of a country, they had the ability to maintain an integrity and remain after different wars, though loosing their possessions (which in other contexts would lead to the disappearance or disbanding of such aforementioned elites), they survived becoming some sort of semi-nomadic small and compact society... 🤔
Yes, another video!
Malta is Love, Malta is Life
Can you imagine if they became officially located in the metaverse 😂
I would pass by the sumptuous seaside Castle that interrupts the beach promenade in Cascais and wonder how come the Order of Malta (after realising it was not Malta the country) could afford such an ambassador's residence when they couldn't afford themselves a territory. Then I remembered that the Order of Malta had financed Vasco da Gama exploits and so on...
source
Can you do Teutonic knights next ? if you want of course
Nice
13:48 it's like another Malta but upside down
Good afternoon 😊
Good afternoon
Malta has never been taken by any other country, it truly is a fortress island .
Well... teeeeechnically speaking they do have a pair of territories, in those two buildings in Rome where they're housed
These guys had the most diverse rulers in the world
and Knight of Malta members are NFL team owners (all of them), top officials of The Pentagon, and presidents.
I find the division of southern France into the langues of Provence and Auvergne interesting. Nowadays, Provençal and Auvergnat are thought of as dialects of occitan. I wonder how it arose?
Regionalism was a lot stronger back then.
While castilian and portugues were treated as 1. Weird
@@ldubt4494 Thing is, the core of crusaders and by extention the Order was mostly french. For them, the differences between aragonese and castlians must have been harder to see.
I always find this interesting.
The Vatican is considered, by the UN, as an organisation with territory. And the Sovereign Order is considered as an organisation with extraterritorial claims.
Yet both can issue legally recognised passports and are granted more diplomatic freedoms than other organisations like the Red Cross or Interpol.
Proud to be Maltese🔴⚪ You thought certain things that not even I knew.
You live in the island?
@@GUSTA99X On the island, yes
The first year's tribute to Chuck V turned out to be troublesome.
And it’s almost recognized by every country in the world
Not most protestant countries of Europe it seems.
@@InsertAccount I'm a atheist, but trust me, the history of what denominations have dominated in what country is definitely *not* irrelevant.
And religion is *extremely* important even today.
It explains the difference between Lutheran Scandinavia and mostly Baptist southern US, the Quakers around Pennsylvania with their culture of religious tolerance. The Catholics in southern Europe etc...
You'll see patterns in the economies of countries, in their values and mindsets etc.
@@InsertAccountCommunism is more irrelevant than religion nowadays. Cope bro
@InsertAccount If religion became irrelevant in 19th Century why were there so many wars and genocides based on religion in 20th and 21st centuries?
@@InsertAccount If you really think that then you don't understand humanit and the power of belief and fanaticism.
I am.an atheist but religion is the most important thing in billions of people's lives.
Small correction - Italian not French was the official language in Malta during the Hospitaller rule
The symbol of Malta derives from that of Amalfi
Neat
How much does this order compare with the knights of the Templars or the Knights of the Tetonic order?
In the beginning in Jerusalem they were quite comparable. Difference was mostly the Hospital itself. The Germans also had one but they started out the whole "country" thing sooner
You did Sweden territorial expansion, please also do Vatican one's
Sure!
Does...the order still claim Malta? How do they reckon with the self determination of the Maltese people?
What do the Maltese think about this?
A name change might be in order, is my point
No. The video notes they were forced to give up their claim to Malta at the Congress of Vienna. I believe the Order and the Republic have diplomatic relations.
@@TigerofRobare Fair enough. So long as there's no bad blood on either side I suppose it makes for good trivia
@@TigerofRobareNow the Order even has diplomatic relationships with a few Islamic countries
@@samwill7259 you're ignorance
Big Boss would be proud
And yet... now, all of this history 'gone' with the wind... Malta was beautiful a few years ago.
What you're going to see if you visit now is mostly construction, cranes, crowded places, cars and everything alike. It has lost it's soul.
When I first saw the Malta flag I didn.t see any maltease cross
The Maltese cross is not actually on the national flag of Malta, rather in the top left there is the George Cross, and this has been on the flag as it was awarded to the nation during Second World War by King George VI
I’m in Amalfi while Watching this Video 😅
Is this the same as the knights of Malta?
When i was in rome i had seen the Malta oder headquarter
Nice! Is it possible to go inside and visit?
@@General.Knowledge acho que não
Perhaps I missed it, but do they have a population?
Just to let you know: the flashing in this video just set off my seizure alarm.
Sorry to hear this! Could you specify which timestamp it was (if it doesn't cause you to have to watch it again, of course). I'll take this into account for future videos and avoid using it.
11:40
In terms of countries with "strange" and/or unique conditions both today and from the past (in no particular order): Andorra, The Vatican City, Israel, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Principality of Seborga, Sealand, Conch Republic, Afro-Bolivian Kingdom, Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia, Pirate Republic, Neutral Moresnet/Amekijo, Liechtenstein, Belgium, Kingdom of Elba, Kingdom of Minerva, St. Martin/Sint Maarten, Haiti, Mormon Kingdom of Beaver Island (Lake Michigan), Republic of Canada (not to be confused with Canada as we know it), Sagallo Colony, Empire of Elba, Birobidzhan Oblast, Tannu Tuva, Freetown Christiania, State of Muskogee, Somaliland, Transnistria, Couto Mixto, Prussia...while there are more, I am stopping right before I give you all a heart attack lol.
*Another topic that would be good for a video unto itself: Describe the difference between Irish and Scots-Irish? (*I know what it is, but I think that would be a good thing to investigate as well)
I own a 2 Scudi minted in 1964 from the order of Malta
Very cool!
Do a video on CAPE VERDE
Sure! Any specific angle you would like to see?
Yes! The war on independence and the plan to be a country along with Guinea. Or perhaps the concoction of Kriole language and why is it the base of Papiamento in Curaçao
@@General.Knowledge The whole history of it honestly. To the demographic of the people on how Europeans first mixed with outside of its race for the first time to how the Portuguese used it as a auction block for slavery just everything I’m very interested in the whole thing
@@juliosilveira7891 exactly!!
Hello
How do people get the citizenship of that country?
Man was legit sponsored by Malta
How can they be a country if they have no territory? Surely owning territory is a prerequisite for being a country.
I think their current status is directly connected to their historical one. They are an exception to the rule.
Much like the Holy See, they're considered a "sovereign subject of international law". They aren't, strictly speaking, a country, but they possess sovereignty. In strict Westphalian terms they're sovereign because they're recognized as sovereign, but ultimately they predate the Treaty of Westphalia by 400 years or so.
Technically the requirement isn't land but recognition from other countries.
You can hold land without being a country and you can be a country without holding land.
What matters is how many countries that recognize your existence.
SMH
Did you not watch the video?
@@TigerofRobarethey aren't countries. regardless of speaking strictly or not. they simply are something different. they are very specifically called "non-state subjects of the international law" or "sovereign entities of the international law". it the counterpart to "state subjects of the international law". this is very specifically the distinguishing factor.
Please don't take this as a criticism. It's just a tiny matter of English pronunciation for two words. Hospitalier is one of those English words that has survived as a mongrel mix of Freench and English from medieval times. Like the word 'hotelier', hospitalier is pronounced 'hospital-ee-err' with the French inflection on the end. It's a specific pronunciation for all the various orders of knights hospitalier in England (not that there are many of them.
The other word is 'beatitude'. Just to confuse foreigners, it's pronounced 'bee-attitude'.
Again, this isn't a criticism. Your English is better than at least 85 per cent of the inhabitants of the UK and your accent is only slight, but utterly dreamy to English ears.
Apart from that nit-picking, this was fascinating - it was a subject I'd never considered before. Thank you so much for making this video. I'm ending the week knowing a lot more than I did yesterday. Thank you again so much.
Thanks for the correction! :) And thanks for watching!
The word is actually hospitaller, not “hospitalier”. There is no “i” near the end. It is not pronounced with an “ee er” sound.
There is also only one recognized Hospitaller order in England, and that is the Most Venerable Order of St. John, which is a sister order to SMOM and the Johanniter Orden.
You can't blame the Maltese for not liking that a bunch of European aristocratics lorded it over them in a feudal manner for 250 years; the Napoleonic code was better. Old Bony looted the Order's accumulated treasures to fund his campaigns. In 1998, the independent Maltese government handed over the upper part of Fort St. Angelo in Birgu, a citadel at the entrance of the Grand Harbour which was the order's HQ during the Great Seige. So they have a toe-hold there today.
It use be very nice and peaceful in Malta
Can u explain about azawad(African non recognised country)
Nigeria, from Lagos?
What if we call it a government in exile?
My bestie saying he is a geography expert
15:02 pffffttttt pinto
French was not the official language of the order, was its diplomatic language in the XVIII century, but that was the case for the whole Europe.
The stress in "hospitaller" is on the first syllable. The "a" is pronounced as schwa, as it is unstressed.
Thank you for the correction!
Maybe they could ask for a bit of Rhodes or Malta? Or they could try returning to their short lived colonies in the Caribbean!
Do the top 10 most spoken languages in the world by total number of speakers
An entire country helped him, interesting
Assassin's Creed Lore IRL
Day 3 of the petition for General knowledge to Sponsor the Estonian & Finnish governments For donations to Unify Helsenki & Tallin Kinda
I think it would take a sponsorship a little out of my budget
Jien Malti
It literally says: 1 view, 21 seconds ago.
Now it says 445 views,8 min ago.
Nobody cares
Then why are you commenting?
For me it shows some of the comments to be older than the video itself (this comment 18 minutes ago, video 14 minutes ago, wtf)
yt doesn’t update its view counts live, so any figures you see likely aren’t totally accurate
So, are they the smallest country in the world? Even more than Vatican State?
You might discuss the tricky question how "sovereign" the sovereign order really is. Since it's head is subject to the pope. Doesn't that rather make it appear as a kind of satellite state?
eh, doesn't canada have a similar de jure situation to the king of england?.
@@ikengaspirit3063 I did not think about that in the moment. But i think, the relationship between the pope and the order is tighter. The pope appoints the head of the order, who is not just a symbol figure as the royal governor in canada, but even the head of government.
@@kellymcbright5456 The Grand Master of the Hospitaliers has traditionally been elected. That's how they were able to elect an Orthodox Tzar which the Pope didn't like.
Now certainly the grand master of the hospitaliers isn't always elected and sometimes appointed by the Pope. The restoration of the office of grand order was done by appointment and since then some have been appointed and some have been elected.
So in summary, the Pope sometimes appoints the leader and the leader is sometimes elected so I guess it is more control than the King of England has over Canada but still not exactly the leader completely under the control of the Pope.
@@ikengaspirit3063 Ok, i once researched and the current one had been appointed. I have also been employed to the protestant track of the order, and we learned it in a seminary.
The perfect nation doesn't exi-
The real smallest country in the world: Order of Malta! Which has 0 nm^2 of territory! Smaller than an atom!
Malt vinegar
Maltesers!