Lindsay Nikole does a ton of research before every video and goes very deep into topics without being boring. The best zoologist on youtube (that we know of)!
I agree! I don't know if this video is an outlier, but it feels like casual geographic is pandering to the masses. He is more focused on constantly saying "look at that it's terrible look at that it's repulsive look at that you gonna need therapy" with constant jokes and puns that are really quickly repetitive and predictable, than on actually instructing. Kind of annoying. Lindsay is a lot more instructive -- giving it to us straight! :P
Also the main big reason for Megalodon being extinct is the fact it was a shallow, coastal macropredator, eating things such as large whales. So if it existed then we would encounter them terrifyingly often
@@justguy-4630 Imagine waking up in the morning and as you pull the covers off to sit up in bed your feet dip into water as you go to put your feet on the ground 💀 🐠
I loved snorcheling back in the 80s, but I always kept close to the beach where the water was very shallow and where nothing big would ever come to get me 😄
Back in 1950-52 the danish government send out an expedition vessel called “Galatea ll” to make massive underwater search for sealife. As far as I know, they were the first to find life at the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
You definitely need to check out Lindsay Nikole. You won't be disappointed. The only thing that bugs me about Casual Geographic and it's really Petty is that he's holding his lapel mic
The researchers/scientists at the end who found the Rossia pacifica (Stubby Squid) were from Natilus Live | Ocean Expedition Trust Corps of Exploration aboard E/V Nautilus. I remember watching their video, especially the line about it looking like a child's toy that was dropped in the ocean.
I am always down for animal content, and these are among my favorite creators in that subject so this was definitely a crossover I was hoping for! I especially like how their deliveries compliment each other.
Deep sea life is probably the closest we'll ever get to alien life. There's a reason Lovecraft put so much of his cosmic horror in or near the sea with that particular fishy vibe. As for fishy music I've come up with John the Fisherman by Primus and The Jellyfish Song by Caroline Konstnar.
Badfish by Sublime is scratching an itch I didn't realize I had. It also made me think of another music recommendation. It's a band that are also in that overlap of: dub, two tone, ska, punk, surf rock influences. I'd recommend just about the entire catalogue of "Slightly Stoopid", but here are a few songs. "Officer" (Song) - Every Thing You Need (Album) "2 A.M." - Chronchitis "Closer to the Sun" - Eponymous album "Deal With Rhythm" - Top of the World
Waterzone's got a smooth baseline. Forgot that I put it on loop, it's been pleasantly running for almost an hour before I realized it was still the same song. Do people still use the term groovy? I feel like it might apply.
Music: back in 2007/08, a band called Thrice released essentially a quadruple album, The Alchemy Index Vols. I-IV; each volume's sound represented one of the 4 classical elements, one of which being water. They chose, to quote Wikipedia, "ambient electronic and trip hop" to represent the sound of water, and it works pretty well!
Yeah, these red devil squids are terrifying as hell!! I've read a story by a diver who got cornered by a hunting group of them, but the alpha male(which was huge compared to the others) seemingly inspected him and then decided that he was not prey, and they left him alone. Dude, if that happened to me I'd never set a foot into the ocean ever again!!
I go to the other side of the Gulf Stream in FL fishing all the time and I used to jump in to swim quite often until the last time I put on a mask and snorkel and looked down.
Humbolt squid are terrifying. I saw a documentary about a man that studied them and he had to have a custom made chain mail diving suit so he didn't get eaten. The sea was full of them and they flashed red when in a feeding frenzy. They are also cannibalistic
What's fascinating is that life quite possibly began in the oceans. We see certain aminoacids being produced in wave foam. And i,e, underneath and around meteors that crashed. We, as landwalkers, are much younger and rare than what lives in the sea.... Food for thought, or for the squids
I find the deep sea fascinating. There's invisible animals down there that human eyes can't see, but infrared can. There's also a squid that lights up like a Christmas tree and the light explodes like a light grenade. Another animal that's like a lizard, where when threatened it drops it's tail (sort of), but instead it drops a light bomb that after a few seconds, also explodes. Cool! Also, I have that girl Lindsay's Sons of Anarchy shirt :p Love your smile as always. Great vid =)
The underseas are so interesting , we really should invest in ocean exploration for better efficiency and optimal preparation and upgraded science instead of space just until we get the whole planet stable and become a type 1 civilization on the Kardashev scale, then we can go colonize the solar system or maybe non euclidian dimension idk, about that I don't remember if we already reacted to a video talking about the Kardashev scale on this channel but it's an interesting of scaling and imagining the level of civilisations, and in the other side Non euclidian world are really awesome visualisation of bended realities, also 4d representations either with time either with a real 4th axis are fun too (4d toys box video is nice) anyway Im rambling hihi good video as always keep it up^^
Oh, and a deep sea channel I like is called "DeepSeaOddities". It's without commentary though, just showing footage of weird deep sea creatures. I find it very interesting.
Hey there No Protocol: Check out if you can a story in a SouthAfrican newspaper perhaps in this century or the last few years of the last. Any who, it was about this pleasure craft that had on board several young people, that went missing. They eventually found the boat as well as the gopro camera that was used at the time of the disapearence. They found on the side of the hull where there was a BIG hole and a tooth. The same size of tooth as the doubtable megladon. On the sound recording of the gopro you can clearly hear the smashing of the boat by a powerful force and the yelling, screaming of the occupants. Not one of the young people were ever found, sad. Also checkout the incident of an attack on a Los Angeles class submarine by a squid or octopus that covered a greater portion of the uboat as the boat powered out of the water! Living in the city looking pretty good I'd say.
Hey, I like the matching colour of your shirt with your nails, its my favourite shade too. Love the deep sea, The yearly Nautilus stream highlights could be good to watch, there are a lot of interesting facts given by the experts who do live commentary on the sea creatures they come across.
have you seen the video of the 2 scientist studies jellyfish, one accidentally gets stung (a small piece of detached tentacle on their suit iirc) the other tries to help then they both spend days and days in hospital clearly in the worst pain you have ever seen!!!!!!!!!! its brilliant
Hi from London, not long come across your channel and in one of them you asked for book recommendations, if you havnt already I would highly recommend the original Oliver Twist. Not the watered down version. Goes without saying it has what would be considered old English in it but I get the feeling you would have no problem with that. I enjoy your videos and send my regards.
I can remember years ago, some clever guy sold a weight loss pill. People bought it and got just one pill with the mail. They should just swallow that till, and they would starting loosing weight almost imidiately. It turned out that it contained the egg from a tapeworm. 😂
We finally have a mission to go to Titan...who knows what and/or if we can discover there (and/or on Europa etc). They are really the last bastions for finding still active life elsewhere in our Solar System.
In re: hagfish -- I just watched a food vlogger video of a trip to the Busan Fish Market and hagfish was one of the things he bought and ate. He demonstrated how slimy they were when he bought them, but the seller was able to peel the skin and get rid of all that before cooking it up for him. It was a fascinating video overall, full title was "Must Try Before You Die!! Korea’s TOP 50 Street Foods!!" on the "More Best Ever Food Review Show" channel. The vid was over an hour, though, so probably not one for reacting.
The more I see the more I can understand your thalassaphobia ..! As for intelligence of the denizens of the deep - well, they stay out of our way, so maybe they are smarter than your average dolphin. Book: The Raw Shark Texts (can't recall the author) Music: apart from Handel's Water Music I am struggling!
19:09 Beware of touching tiny octopus. There is the very cute and small blue-ringed octopus so called because it sometimes flashes pretty bright blue rings. When it does it means it is angry and the flashing is to remind everybody that it's bite is extremely venomous (one has enough venom to kill over 25 humans in minutes).
Some more music: Radiohead - Weird Fishes Arpeggi. And my favorite song of all time - John Butler - Ocean. And an awesome indie game of 2023. Dave the diver
I don't have much in the way of thalassophobia, but swimming in the ocean still sounds unpleasant. Mostly on grounds that it's the planet's sewer. It's probably a trivial concern given the literal oceans of water for dilution, but I can't help but wonder what kind of run off has accumulated over the last two centuries of industry. Every once in a while there are marine biology mysteries like a large spike in starfish melting, or some such. ...come to think of it maybe I should look up the ppm concentrations in seawater. That might put my mind more at ease. Heavy metals probably come out of solution and accumulate in the biosphere. I vaguely recall reading a statistic concerning plankton concentrations in the ocean. iirc they compared samples surveyed in 1960's, and compared them to more recent data and the the delta was not encouraging. Plankton may be small and resilient in numbers but they are vulnerable to broader environmental changes. It's a vulnerability that could weaken their link in the broader food chain.
Doesn't even have to be deep sea stuff, the first time I saw a sea hare on the beach when I was in the US for the first time, I almost had a panic attack. 😂 That snail was *far* too big.
Hi No Protocol. Are you by any chance related to the actress playing Baela Targaryen in House of the Dragon show? I swear she looks like your lost sister lol
@@earthwormandruw Hmmm. Good question. And yes, Gabriela certainly fits. If I were to come up with a different one, I'd go for Andrea. For no particular reason.
All of Lindsay Nikole’s vids are cool her latest series of videos are absolutely awesome but probably to long for your use.. she has plenty of regular length vids as well, the WTF series are cool..
Lindsay Nikole does a ton of research before every video and goes very deep into topics without being boring. The best zoologist on youtube (that we know of)!
Casual geographic is a joke to you?
@Ben_Kunga right?! The man is a walking animal encyclopedia.
I peeped the “that we know of” reference lol
I agree! I don't know if this video is an outlier, but it feels like casual geographic is pandering to the masses. He is more focused on constantly saying "look at that it's terrible look at that it's repulsive look at that you gonna need therapy" with constant jokes and puns that are really quickly repetitive and predictable, than on actually instructing. Kind of annoying. Lindsay is a lot more instructive -- giving it to us straight! :P
@@IceCenders summarize that without crying.
Highly recommend Lindsay Nikole's channel. She's a great educator with a style of her own.
Seconded
+1
Yay, can't go wrong with Casual Geographic.
This is one of my favorites of his so far!
3 of my favourite UA-camrs in one video definitely a winner..
Also the main big reason for Megalodon being extinct is the fact it was a shallow, coastal macropredator, eating things such as large whales. So if it existed then we would encounter them terrifyingly often
Yep. In addition, no modern teeth have washed up on shore. Only fossilized teeth are washing up.
If it still existed deep below the surface of the ocean it would have evolved and would look nothing like a great white shark.
I think they look cool. I'm just glad they're deep down in the ocean.
Yea but at night they swim up to the surface underneath your bed!
@@earthwormandruw I sleep on a futon but that would be creepy.
@@justguy-4630 Imagine waking up in the morning and as you pull the covers off to sit up in bed your feet dip into water as you go to put your feet on the ground 💀 🐠
@@earthwormandruwcute
I love the ocean......when on the beach. Good choice of video. I've seen it before and it just reaffirms why I stay on the beach.
I absolutely love the ocean ... from a distance.
I loved snorcheling back in the 80s, but I always kept close to the beach where the water was very shallow and where nothing big would ever come to get me 😄
Back in 1950-52 the danish government send out an expedition vessel called “Galatea ll” to make massive underwater search for sealife. As far as I know, they were the first to find life at the bottom of the Mariana Trench.
intelligence is sparkling out of your eyes when you are watching videos. It's amazing.
Lindsay Nikole has a lot of fun videos
The endless discoveries in the ocean deep never ceases to fascinate me ...
Truly wonderful
Highly recommend the TierZoo video on crows.
You definitely need to check out Lindsay Nikole. You won't be disappointed. The only thing that bugs me about Casual Geographic and it's really Petty is that he's holding his lapel mic
Make lapel mic`s great again! lol
I was literally wondering why you weren’t doing anymore casual geographic reactions anymore, and you just posted this 😂
First time I heard "rather throat a cactus" I pretty damn near choked from laughing.
Yeah Lindsay is cool worth a watch I say
I’ll check out her channel for sure!
@@NoProtocol I especially like her history of the earth as far as we know series and cute/ugly animals either or is a great starting point
The researchers/scientists at the end who found the Rossia pacifica (Stubby Squid) were from Natilus Live | Ocean Expedition Trust Corps of Exploration aboard E/V Nautilus. I remember watching their video, especially the line about it looking like a child's toy that was dropped in the ocean.
I am always down for animal content, and these are among my favorite creators in that subject so this was definitely a crossover I was hoping for! I especially like how their deliveries compliment each other.
Put a smile on my face. Thanks!
Deep sea life is probably the closest we'll ever get to alien life. There's a reason Lovecraft put so much of his cosmic horror in or near the sea with that particular fishy vibe. As for fishy music I've come up with John the Fisherman by Primus and The Jellyfish Song by Caroline Konstnar.
@@srottfaen Cosmic Horror. Now there's a genre that is truly terrifying.
Thank you. You make learning fun
Badfish by Sublime is scratching an itch I didn't realize I had. It also made me think of another music recommendation. It's a band that are also in that overlap of: dub, two tone, ska, punk, surf rock influences. I'd recommend just about the entire catalogue of "Slightly Stoopid", but here are a few songs.
"Officer" (Song) - Every Thing You Need (Album)
"2 A.M." - Chronchitis
"Closer to the Sun" - Eponymous album
"Deal With Rhythm" - Top of the World
I get Lindsay Nikole on TikTok all the time, she’s awesome
[17:13] Just roasted most guys watching this video.
Lindsay is great, I was surprised and happy to see her in this. Always learn a ton of stuff from her videos.
Lindsay is great. I was surprised and happy to see her in this video. Always learn a ton of stuff from her videos.
Waterzone's got a smooth baseline. Forgot that I put it on loop, it's been pleasantly running for almost an hour before I realized it was still the same song. Do people still use the term groovy? I feel like it might apply.
Music: back in 2007/08, a band called Thrice released essentially a quadruple album, The Alchemy Index Vols. I-IV; each volume's sound represented one of the 4 classical elements, one of which being water. They chose, to quote Wikipedia, "ambient electronic and trip hop" to represent the sound of water, and it works pretty well!
After seeing all the other animals I am voting for a nice simple Megalodon... ;)
"but is it edible" you're hilarious. Love the content, you're hella smart
This has to be one of my favorite videos. I love all three of you and I think you're adorable.
The military also use red light to look at maps etc. because you can't see it from a distance.
Kate Bush The Ninth Wave is a must to listen
Yeah, these red devil squids are terrifying as hell!! I've read a story by a diver who got cornered by a hunting group of them, but the alpha male(which was huge compared to the others) seemingly inspected him and then decided that he was not prey, and they left him alone. Dude, if that happened to me I'd never set a foot into the ocean ever again!!
The first song that comes to mind is Radiohead - Weird Fishes.
Fits pretty well with the video too!
I go to the other side of the Gulf Stream in FL fishing all the time and I used to jump in to swim quite often until the last time I put on a mask and snorkel and looked down.
Humbolt squid are terrifying. I saw a documentary about a man that studied them and he had to have a custom made chain mail diving suit so he didn't get eaten. The sea was full of them and they flashed red when in a feeding frenzy. They are also cannibalistic
6:27 love this part. Super addicted to cooking and eating seafood. I make several bomb crab dishes.
What's fascinating is that life quite possibly began in the oceans. We see certain aminoacids being produced in wave foam. And i,e, underneath and around meteors that crashed. We, as landwalkers, are much younger and rare than what lives in the sea....
Food for thought, or for the squids
1:06 Look at the giant squid, I’m a 80’s kid and was told it was mythical.
That's crazy love the video protocol Stay motivated Dream big 1 mill on the way
Not unspeakable horrors to me. I am as intrigued by deep sea life now as when I was a kid. Another banger. Thank you.
AVNJ has a youtube video on the lanternfish, nothing about the deep sea has blown my mind as much as that video and that fish. highly recommend it
Nothing more frightening than deep sea diving
Highly recommend Lindsay's video on frogs.
Also, How I Became the Sea by Owl City.
Sea pigs are the same kinda cute as tardigrades, like they're cute but also low key makes me feel unsettled in a way.
Music recommendation- The Mariners Revenge by The Decemberists
So interesring and informative, as always, with great links for further investigations. A prize every time you post. I'm spreadind the word, Thanks👍
17:18 a measly 6 inches long.
"Not that big"
Aw :/
I find the deep sea fascinating. There's invisible animals down there that human eyes can't see, but infrared can. There's also a squid that lights up like a Christmas tree and the light explodes like a light grenade. Another animal that's like a lizard, where when threatened it drops it's tail (sort of), but instead it drops a light bomb that after a few seconds, also explodes. Cool! Also, I have that girl Lindsay's Sons of Anarchy shirt :p Love your smile as always. Great vid =)
dropped to my knees when you said you've never had popeyes
The underseas are so interesting , we really should invest in ocean exploration for better efficiency and optimal preparation and upgraded science instead of space just until we get the whole planet stable and become a type 1 civilization on the Kardashev scale, then we can go colonize the solar system or maybe non euclidian dimension idk, about that I don't remember if we already reacted to a video talking about the Kardashev scale on this channel but it's an interesting of scaling and imagining the level of civilisations,
and in the other side Non euclidian world are really awesome visualisation of bended realities, also 4d representations either with time either with a real 4th axis are fun too (4d toys box video is nice) anyway Im rambling hihi good video as always keep it up^^
Oh, and a deep sea channel I like is called "DeepSeaOddities". It's without commentary though, just showing footage of weird deep sea creatures. I find it very interesting.
11:55 he said devils fleshlight? 😂
Anyone who comes up with that metaphor needs their search history investigated.
Goblin sharks have actually been my favorite sharks since I first learned about them. I'm autistic and sharks are my obsession
Ocean music suggestion: Atlantis by Donovan.
Hey there No Protocol: Check out if you can a story in a SouthAfrican newspaper perhaps in this century or the last few years of the last. Any who, it was about this pleasure craft that had on board several young people, that went missing. They eventually found the boat as well as the gopro camera that was used at the time of the disapearence. They found on the side of the hull where there was a BIG hole and a tooth. The same size of tooth as the doubtable megladon. On the sound recording of the gopro you can clearly hear the smashing of the boat by a powerful force and the yelling, screaming of the occupants.
Not one of the young people were ever found, sad. Also checkout the incident of an attack on a Los Angeles class submarine by a squid or octopus that covered a greater portion of the uboat as the boat powered out of the water!
Living in the city looking pretty good I'd say.
No Protocol Awesome Video Today!!🔥🐐🐐💎
Hey, I like the matching colour of your shirt with your nails, its my favourite shade too. Love the deep sea, The yearly Nautilus stream highlights could be good to watch, there are a lot of interesting facts given by the experts who do live commentary on the sea creatures they come across.
I read the title as "the unspeakable horrors of the deep south" and was honestly wondering what happened now.
This made me chuckle
music recommendation: Mastodon - Blood And Thunder
have you seen the video of the 2 scientist studies jellyfish, one accidentally gets stung (a small piece of detached tentacle on their suit iirc) the other tries to help then they both spend days and days in hospital clearly in the worst pain you have ever seen!!!!!!!!!! its brilliant
Common adage; we know more about the surface of our moon than the depths of our oceans.
Hi from London, not long come across your channel and in one of them you asked for book recommendations, if you havnt already I would highly recommend the original Oliver Twist. Not the watered down version. Goes without saying it has what would be considered old English in it but I get the feeling you would have no problem with that. I enjoy your videos and send my regards.
all time question....But is it edible?
Edible is subjective. Like that saying, "one man's junk is another man's treasure." except it's, "one man's yuck is another man's yum."
As a joke, i used to say i wanted to rent a tapeworm as an easy cheat for weight loss...
All jokes aside this os an actual method
I can remember years ago, some clever guy sold a weight loss pill. People bought it and got just one pill with the mail. They should just swallow that till, and they would starting loosing weight almost imidiately. It turned out that it contained the egg from a tapeworm. 😂
Got bumped by a shark while studying marine biology and oceanography and was so humbled by how powerful it was that I changed my major.
As Billy Connolly said " WE DON'T BELONG IN THERE!"
Popeyes is the most delicious way to get diabetes!!
Damn... That's a 50/50 tossup... Popeyes Spicy Chicken Sandwich or a Whataburger Patty Melt...
1st world decisions...
@@Phx_PhreakPopeye's chicken is the shiznet!
We finally have a mission to go to Titan...who knows what and/or if we can discover there (and/or on Europa etc). They are really the last bastions for finding still active life elsewhere in our Solar System.
Hey, speaking of freaky ocean stuff, you should look up the Bobbit Worm. Or, better yet, don’t!
As someone living on the MS Gulf Coast I've got to admit that Independence Day alien squid will haunt me for the rest of my life
My song of the day
Rebelution - Good Vibes
"Zoologist Answers: WTF is THAT?? (Don't Eat While Watching This)" ua-cam.com/video/nq4WwT82dXE/v-deo.html
Lindsay is cool lady
What nail polish is that?
It looks amazing 🤩
I believe the megaladon exists because: Power of Friendship
If you haven't checked out Lindsay Nikole yet I highly advice it! She's awesome
Nautilus by Bob James is a classic, much sampled, deep-sea track.
Can you tell me what the pic on the right of your room is? Love it :D
In re: hagfish -- I just watched a food vlogger video of a trip to the Busan Fish Market and hagfish was one of the things he bought and ate. He demonstrated how slimy they were when he bought them, but the seller was able to peel the skin and get rid of all that before cooking it up for him. It was a fascinating video overall, full title was "Must Try Before You Die!! Korea’s TOP 50 Street Foods!!" on the "More Best Ever Food Review Show" channel. The vid was over an hour, though, so probably not one for reacting.
The more I see the more I can understand your thalassaphobia ..!
As for intelligence of the denizens of the deep - well, they stay out of our way, so maybe they are smarter than your average dolphin.
Book: The Raw Shark Texts (can't recall the author)
Music: apart from Handel's Water Music I am struggling!
Colossal squid even larger than giant species !
19:09 Beware of touching tiny octopus. There is the very cute and small blue-ringed octopus so called because it sometimes flashes pretty bright blue rings. When it does it means it is angry and the flashing is to remind everybody that it's bite is extremely venomous (one has enough venom to kill over 25 humans in minutes).
What!!! Popeyes chicken is freaking awesome lol
Amazing !!
Some more music:
Radiohead - Weird Fishes Arpeggi.
And my favorite song of all time - John Butler - Ocean.
And an awesome indie game of 2023. Dave the diver
Most shark attacks occur in less than 4 feet of water
Exactly why I hate kiddy pools!
This is good to know
Always swim in 6 feet and above 😊👌
Release the Kraken!
I don't have much in the way of thalassophobia, but swimming in the ocean still sounds unpleasant. Mostly on grounds that it's the planet's sewer. It's probably a trivial concern given the literal oceans of water for dilution, but I can't help but wonder what kind of run off has accumulated over the last two centuries of industry. Every once in a while there are marine biology mysteries like a large spike in starfish melting, or some such. ...come to think of it maybe I should look up the ppm concentrations in seawater. That might put my mind more at ease. Heavy metals probably come out of solution and accumulate in the biosphere. I vaguely recall reading a statistic concerning plankton concentrations in the ocean. iirc they compared samples surveyed in 1960's, and compared them to more recent data and the the delta was not encouraging. Plankton may be small and resilient in numbers but they are vulnerable to broader environmental changes. It's a vulnerability that could weaken their link in the broader food chain.
[6:01] TikTok is a piece of work.
Animal facts are hard to start. I have so many. Need a direction. Lol
Try: true facts about the mantis shrimp
Doesn't even have to be deep sea stuff, the first time I saw a sea hare on the beach when I was in the US for the first time, I almost had a panic attack. 😂 That snail was *far* too big.
CG is awesome. Missing out on Popeye's!
Bonus: stepped on a sea cucumber while snorkeling in Guam...it was gross.
Hi No Protocol. Are you by any chance related to the actress playing Baela Targaryen in House of the Dragon show? I swear she looks like your lost sister lol
If you had to guess NP's real name what would you guess? I think she looks like a Gabriela (but said with a Honduran accent).
@@earthwormandruw Hmmm. Good question. And yes, Gabriela certainly fits. If I were to come up with a different one, I'd go for Andrea. For no particular reason.
💙💙💙💙💙💙
Welcome back!
My compelling reasoning is that when I go to sleep, I go to laalaa land, and in laalaa land, magic can happen 😇
I dream of big fish, sue me..
Good grief. You are one stunning woman 😱 had to share that lol
Keep up the awesome work 👏
Were you in San Francisco at any time in 2023? Specifically at USF?
Deep sea and horror? -- H. P. Lovecraft
I’m thinking I’ll just stay home with my dog.
All of Lindsay Nikole’s vids are cool her latest series of videos are absolutely awesome but probably to long for your use.. she has plenty of regular length vids as well, the WTF series are cool..
Literal nightmare fuel spawn of Satan: on screen
No Protocol: Aaww it's so cute 🥺
My music recommendation is Beware by Deftones. It's about water (: