Saw this video at 17 years old when I was a maniac for flying and followed Joe since he started the channel Now I’m 21 doing my instrument rating and coming back to these videos You’ve played a huge inspiration 💯
I'm not a pilot, just a girl terrified of flying that has to do it too much. I watch your videos on the plane and it really helps. I'm far less likely to panic when listening to you explain how everything works. Even stuff like this really makes me think about all the effort and thought that went into the flights I'm taking. I don't know why but its comforting. Thank you for doing what you do ! :)
I think It is always good to know more about things you are afraid of. It is also good to think about the technical improvements they have made on new planes. Today the aircrafts are better and safer than ever before, and procedures have improved.
Hey captain Joe. I actually went on an A320 last Friday and I did hear that barking sound as we were pushing away from the gate. Thanks to you I was able to explain to my dad, another aviation enthusiast, to what that sound was. -thanks❤️
I recently got interested in aviation and I want to work at an airport after finishing school. I love your videos so much bc you explain everything extremely well and they're really helpful! :)
Dylan Burg Don't know if he is the BEST one but for sure he is one of the best ones to explain flight procedures to the audience. I watch every video created by Captain Joe. Looking forward to see his next video.
I always enjoy watching your videos. I remember back about 1970 I was a young USAF F-4 crew chief at Davis Monthan AFB in Tucson, Arizona. I was returning to base after a short leave to my home in Detroit, Michigan. There was a plane change at Chicago O'hare and when we entered the holding pattern we were entirely over land (about the middle of Michigan) and as we continued to fly the pattern we gradually moved west until we were entirely over Lake Michigan. I was quite amused at the time.
Great tutorials series. What I love and captivated about Captain Joe's tutorials is he spoke straight to the point with little diversions and no pause fillers. Great!! 👍👏👏
Talking about holding patterns! I had to hold today over Coventry with the PA28, due to traffic! Great explanation and enjoy your type rate with the 747 😉
Hey Cap... I'm frm India and didnt have much knowledge of how to get into flying even though I was fascinated with it in my teenage... I am a media prof. and love ur videos, I fly planes on xplane nw nd love the way u explain things. Thanx Cap.
this is what I want, I don't want approximations! I want PURE and RAW MATHEMATICS! this will ensure for precise flying and good foundational knowledge!
Ever since I started working at the airport I love to learn new stuff about aviation and your channel is perfect for it!! Appreciate every video you make
I have two qustions regarding holdings:1: why do not fly a circle instead of a racetrack pattern? Doesnt that mean less step turning radius instead of the steeper ones for the racetrack pattern?2: I remember a graphic from a old aviation book where it looked like aircraft has to decend at every complete circle in order to give room for aircraft arriving at the holding pattern - Isnt that thrue? I have only been in holding pattern once when I flew to Heathrow some years ago and it did not look like we where decending at every circle then. Johan.
I was the first one commenting for tips on your 100 K subscriber celebration. Now I am the first one mentioning that you should do some special video for the people that subscribes to you, because you almost have 500 K subscribers or HALF A MILLION subscribers!
A 4th video on where holding patterns are defined might make an interesting topic. Where are they positioned, why they are there and angled such as they are, and how airports close to each other (such as all the smaller airports clustered around London) deal with so many holding patterns, approaches, and departures in a tight space. Examples of airports with multiple holding patterns, or how emergency extra patterns are setup/used could be interesting. - A video on mass emergency handling on its own might even be worth it. Such as looking at how air traffic control dealt with the 2001 air space closure, and getting the rest of the planes back on the ground safely.
Talking about snowremoval, you should take a closer look on the world famous Snowhow at Helsinki Airport. Experts all over the world wonder how they can do it so well. BBC has actually made a documentary about the SnowHow at Helsinki Airport. For us, snow on a runway is not hard to get rid of, that's a part of our daily life in wintertime.
watching your videos made me feel like this is the most awesome job to have, im currently finnishing of my study in mechatronics so after that i can start to become a pilot.
The first video from you that I had to watch several times to understand what you were saying. Seems that the complexity of the content has increased "just a bit" ;)
During the January storms this year in Germany I was on a flight between Basel and Gatwick, it was on Easy jet and at the gate as the plane from Gatwick was landing it had to abort because windsheer threw it off the final approach and circled Alscase in France for half an hour
Hahahaha! I tested that! Bangkok - Bali: First, the plane did a 360 ° at the vertical of Java and a touch and go in Bali airport before entering in a holding pattern (that was my first touch and go). Delayed: 1h30min.....
Congratulations for your vídeos. just one thing the displacement as you know to start with DME Arc, is 10% of the first 2 numbers of our ground speed example if we come to 200kts and if the arc is 15 miles we start at 17dme to finish 15 DME, now the displacement in a Holding is 2 times more because for example if we start cel arc at 17 miles it is because we are going to move 2, and if the holding is a change of direction of 180 or 2 times 90 then the displacement is 4 miles easy thanks KIS Keep It Simple
Once going into Fairbanks, there was heavy fog, but the captain said will try. We then kept on circling for a good while before trying. Ended up aborting though and going back to anchorage. I overheard someone saying the circling was to burn off fuel just in case? Burn off all fuel but leave enough to go back to anchorage? Or all hog wash? Holding pattern was maybe just to see if the fog lifts I guess?
Captain Joe: Can you explain or offer comments on why when an airline announces an aircraft purchase of either an Airbus or Boeing, the engine choices are so varied. Rolls Royce? GE? What's the difference between these engines? I'm an aviation enthusiast only, so keep it high level.
A picture of holding pattern contrails would be nice. They have an interesting look. :) Also a few words non-standard "holding patterns" aka drawing stuff on Flight Radar would be nice, it's the funniest part of aviation imho.
Captain why there is Smoking ash tray in a plane if smoking is strictly prohibited in the aircraft? Do they doubt that some people can still smoke, being forbidden? If you will catch someone red handed what you'll do or air hosts/ flight attendants will do?
Due to regulations and safety... Afaik its for smokers which should put theyre cigarettes into the ashtrays instead of the bin... Even if it's forbidden
It's for fire safety, in case someone smokes illegally, they still have a safe way of putting the cigarette out. Also, there could still be some airlines that allow smoking; probably smaller ones that don't terminate in the US or EU (and GB).
Hi Captain Joe. Have a question for you. Am flying regularly - as a passenger - the A320-200. A few times it happens that in the 3rd or 4th minute after take off the engines go very quiet for maybe 30 seconds. And then resume full power for further climb. The first time it happened my heart missed a beat as I thought we had engine problem. Recently it happened 3 times in a row during the same flight! I would like to understand what happens. It will take my anxiety away. Thanks if you see fit to explain. For the rest an awesome channel. Makes flying as a passenger more relaxed!
Captain Joe, we all know you are truly an Airbus fan and in your competition with dutchpilotgirl, you mentioned some points about the Boeing aircraft which you personally don't like. Now you are on your 747 type rating. I would like to know your opinion about Boeing now, because today you are more experienced.
Swede Potato Pie I am not constantly following Captain Joe and I have been in China a couple of times recently. Since it is not easy to gain access to YT from there I skip it for the time being there.
Thanks alot sir for such an informative video few questions if you could answer. Q1:Why standard holding pattern always right side? Is there any specific reason? Q2:And let down after a holding pattern should always be opposite side i.e left hand?
The calculation at 4:12 is correct, but slightly misleading as the units are wrong; nautical miles are NOT measured in knots per minute! It should be 230 kt * (1/60) h = 3.83NM.
Awesome video, I am short of adjectives to appreciate the video, good to have all that information along with calculations. Eagerly waiting for the next two videos, Cheers.
Just a notice from a physics perspective: the units in 230kts/60min = 3.8nm are wrong (that would lead to a unit of nm/(h*min). What one actually does is multiply the 230kts by 1/60h (=1min), which means wie have 230kts*h/60 = 230nm/h*h/60, so that time unit disappears. Does nothing for the calculations, but just to be clear what happens in that calculation - we multiply a speed by time to get a length.
Nicely explained Cap, i'm by no means a training pilot but these things makes it a nice to know for passengers. So thanks for the efforts! presentation well done. Your passenger Mr.B, hehe :)
4:46 , 180° is the angle subtended by an arch A of Π Rad. The Diameter D is equal to 2 Rad. So 1 Rad = A/Π = D/2. So D = 2A/Π = 7,6/Π = 2,42. Different calculations but the same result. As If I said that I can fly from Milan to Sankt Petersburg along a route over Berlin, or I can fly from Milan to Sankt Petersburg along a route over Warsaw... Different routes but the same destination :-)
Hello dear Captain Joe! What are the chances that your subconscious mind would make your right hand reach for the side stick only to find out after 2 seconds that it does not exist any more!!? Ahhhh...good old AB days.
What entry would you use if you were approaching the fix exactly opposite of the side of the hold radio? Another words if you were going to hold on the 300 radio with left-hand turns, but you are approaching the Fix heading 120 exactly on the opposite side of the inbound course. Would you use a teardrop or a parallel?
Hello Captain Joe :) have wondered for a while now, if you have been in or witnessed any (from the jump seat) Pilot Monitored Approach or a CAT II ? would be really interested to watch if you've already covered these topic/s or can request you to make one on PMAs/ CAT II approach.. even though it may not be a common practice or even in the SOPs of some of the companies. Thanks again for the excellent guidance and educational material you put out and the inspiration!
Saw this video at 17 years old when I was a maniac for flying and followed Joe since he started the channel
Now I’m 21 doing my instrument rating and coming back to these videos
You’ve played a huge inspiration 💯
I'm not a pilot, just a girl terrified of flying that has to do it too much. I watch your videos on the plane and it really helps. I'm far less likely to panic when listening to you explain how everything works. Even stuff like this really makes me think about all the effort and thought that went into the flights I'm taking. I don't know why but its comforting. Thank you for doing what you do ! :)
I think It is always good to know more about things you are afraid of. It is also good to think about the technical improvements they have made on new planes. Today the aircrafts are better and safer than ever before, and procedures have improved.
Hey captain Joe. I actually went on an A320 last Friday and I did hear that barking sound as we were pushing away from the gate. Thanks to you I was able to explain to my dad, another aviation enthusiast, to what that sound was.
-thanks❤️
I recently got interested in aviation and I want to work at an airport after finishing school. I love your videos so much bc you explain everything extremely well and they're really helpful! :)
good luck
Best UA-camr pilot ever. Thanks Captain!
Thanks Dylan, appreciate it!
Dylan Burg
Don't know if he is the BEST one but for sure he is one of the best ones to explain flight procedures to the audience. I watch every video created by Captain Joe. Looking forward to see his next video.
Correction, the best UA-camr ever ✈️
Yes, he is🙂
I always enjoy watching your videos. I remember back about 1970 I was a young USAF F-4 crew chief at Davis Monthan AFB in Tucson, Arizona. I was returning to base after a short leave to my home in Detroit, Michigan. There was a plane change at Chicago O'hare and when we entered the holding pattern we were entirely over land (about the middle of Michigan) and as we continued to fly the pattern we gradually moved west until we were entirely over Lake Michigan. I was quite amused at the time.
Great tutorials series.
What I love and captivated about Captain Joe's tutorials is he spoke straight to the point with little diversions and no pause fillers. Great!! 👍👏👏
Another great tutorial thank you Joe!
Thanks Dumbledore, I used some of your older magic tricks ;)
Captain Joe Cool😂😂
Captain Joe oh hello, I was just wondering why my breath smelled bad after a flight?
I mean, like weapons-grade stinky?
What is going on here 😂
Confident enough to thumbs up before watching.
That's what I do too! :D
Me too!
Same.
Relatable 😂
You've earned your 100th like 👍
I love your coin vortex analogy.
Talking about holding patterns! I had to hold today over Coventry with the PA28, due to traffic! Great explanation and enjoy your type rate with the 747 😉
RS Aviation wow. I love hearing people mention cov since it's my home and no one ever seems to know it anymore
There can't be many 747-8 or 747-4 passenger aircraft in service anymore. Is Capt. Joe planing on working for FedEx, UPS, or DHL in package delivery?
Brian Gasser No. He's on passenger service. It's either British Airways or Lufthansa
no, martinair cargo i believe bc he says its the B747-8F
Probably flying for Cargolux. That is atleast where the hints are leading.
Hey Cap... I'm frm India and didnt have much knowledge of how to get into flying even though I was fascinated with it in my teenage... I am a media prof. and love ur videos, I fly planes on xplane nw nd love the way u explain things. Thanx Cap.
this is what I want, I don't want approximations! I want PURE and RAW MATHEMATICS! this will ensure for precise flying and good foundational knowledge!
Do a video on how to do a go-around!
Is it just me or the mic little bit weird
Thought it was my headset hahah
Same!
Looking sharp there Captain Joe, from your LiveATC provider here in San Francisco California! Keep up the great work! 😁
I know a lot about planes and 50% I know from planes is from you!!! YOU ARE THE BEST!!!!!
I'm so glad somebody figured all this out because it seems complicated as hell to me.
BEST CHANNEL OF ALL TIME great video joe
Thanks :)
I'm in the beginning of IR and I'm practicing Arcs and Holds right now. I understood what you were talking about!
Ever since I started working at the airport I love to learn new stuff about aviation and your channel is perfect for it!!
Appreciate every video you make
Bless you officer good job
Hi ¿ what is the program you use for Your videos?
Wspaniały , kolejny wykład. Dzięki Kpt.Joe
I have two qustions regarding holdings:1: why do not fly a circle instead of a racetrack pattern? Doesnt that mean less step turning radius instead of the steeper ones for the racetrack pattern?2: I remember a graphic from a old aviation book where it looked like aircraft has to decend at every complete circle in order to give room for aircraft arriving at the holding pattern - Isnt that thrue? I have only been in holding pattern once when I flew to Heathrow some years ago and it did not look like we where decending at every circle then. Johan.
What are the different flight levels and how do you get assigned to one (such as a transatlantic flight)
Great Video Joe! Love how much work you put into your videos!
I was the first one commenting for tips on your 100 K subscriber celebration. Now I am the first one mentioning that you should do some special video for the people that subscribes to you, because you almost have 500 K subscribers or HALF A MILLION subscribers!
Great to have you back!
I could watch your videos for hours you are the best Joe
This has been one of the most interesting videos up to now!
A 4th video on where holding patterns are defined might make an interesting topic. Where are they positioned, why they are there and angled such as they are, and how airports close to each other (such as all the smaller airports clustered around London) deal with so many holding patterns, approaches, and departures in a tight space.
Examples of airports with multiple holding patterns, or how emergency extra patterns are setup/used could be interesting. - A video on mass emergency handling on its own might even be worth it. Such as looking at how air traffic control dealt with the 2001 air space closure, and getting the rest of the planes back on the ground safely.
Good lord thats technical!! Great job Captain!! Pilots are a cut above the rest!
What a crazy job for ATC guys and pilots. Big respect for them...
Talking about snowremoval, you should take a closer look on the world famous Snowhow at Helsinki Airport. Experts all over the world wonder how they can do it so well. BBC has actually made a documentary about the SnowHow at Helsinki Airport. For us, snow on a runway is not hard to get rid of, that's a part of our daily life in wintertime.
Nice! I'm a simmer and screwed up a holding in LiveATC a few days ago and I didn't know about the FMS holding... More to learn!
Glad You're back Joe, With another new explanation. Keep the good work up 😊
The thing you have on your neck in your last instagram photo says : "Cargolux Group". Gotcha!!
also, he hashtagged Luxembourg a few posts before.
watching your videos made me feel like this is the most awesome job to have, im currently finnishing of my study in mechatronics so after that i can start to become a pilot.
Congrats on 500k! You truly deserve it, keep it up!
The first video from you that I had to watch several times to understand what you were saying. Seems that the complexity of the content has increased "just a bit" ;)
I am here for every video and I am not in aviation, I always enjoy CJ's lessons.
Maybe you enjoy my landscape aerial shots 😕 I invite you to discover my channel😊
Wow finally I see doing actual math at the job ! Prima Captain Joe ! Danke für Das !!
Joe, the NDB hold has to be timed, but RNAV or VOR hold can be authorized by ATC if pilots ask for.
Captain Joe, do you mind doing a video on Standard Instrument Departures(SID) and Standard Terminal Arrivals (STAR)?
Excellent Joe. It’s simply amazing how you explain. Great Job.
I have become a pilot who has never flown thanx to Captain Joe. Thank you man!
During the January storms this year in Germany I was on a flight between Basel and Gatwick, it was on Easy jet and at the gate as the plane from Gatwick was landing it had to abort because windsheer threw it off the final approach and circled Alscase in France for half an hour
Hahahaha! I tested that! Bangkok - Bali: First, the plane did a 360 ° at the vertical of Java and a touch and go in Bali airport before entering in a holding pattern (that was my first touch and go). Delayed: 1h30min.....
Congratulations for your vídeos.
just one thing the displacement as you know to start with DME Arc, is 10% of the first 2 numbers of our ground speed example if we come to 200kts and if the arc is 15 miles we start at 17dme to finish 15 DME, now the displacement in a Holding is 2 times more because for example if we start cel arc at 17 miles it is because we are going to move 2, and if the holding is a change of direction of 180 or 2 times 90 then the displacement is 4 miles easy
thanks KIS Keep It Simple
Once going into Fairbanks, there was heavy fog, but the captain said will try. We then kept on circling for a good while before trying. Ended up aborting though and going back to anchorage. I overheard someone saying the circling was to burn off fuel just in case? Burn off all fuel but leave enough to go back to anchorage? Or all hog wash? Holding pattern was maybe just to see if the fog lifts I guess?
I'm loving this new music... great video as usual Joe!
Thanks Capt. Joe, you are a great and impressive teacher!
How I miss @my captain Joe , thanks for such great work... if possible please talk about TODA, LDA,ASDA .... thanks much love
Awesome video joe. Love the real life aviation theory in this video. Keep them coming. :)
And remember.... A good pilot is always learning.!
Captain Joe: Can you explain or offer comments on why when an airline announces an aircraft purchase of either an Airbus or Boeing, the engine choices are so varied. Rolls Royce? GE? What's the difference between these engines? I'm an aviation enthusiast only, so keep it high level.
very helpful and learning videos capt. Joe. Thanks for them.
As always your videos are highly informative yet easy to follow. No wonder you are nearing 500K subs milestone!
I am just a flight simmer and learnt many thing from you joe.
I am not a pilot and never going to be a pilot. but I like to watch your videos. thanks for sharing.
A picture of holding pattern contrails would be nice. They have an interesting look. :)
Also a few words non-standard "holding patterns" aka drawing stuff on Flight Radar would be nice, it's the funniest part of aviation imho.
Hello!
Nice video!
Just one thing about the distances and holding wide: you cannot assume indicated airspeed to calculate it!
😬
Thank you sir for this another wonderful tutorial 😊
A particularly interesting video tutorial. Thanks Capt. Joe.
Great explanation Joe, I fly holds in the Majestic Q400. They work well in that.
Joe talk about pilot medical fitness...... Specially about eyes.....thank you sir.....💕
Captain why there is Smoking ash tray in a plane if smoking is strictly prohibited in the aircraft?
Do they doubt that some people can still smoke, being forbidden? If you will catch someone red handed what you'll do or air hosts/ flight attendants will do?
Gurpreet Singh Good one
Due to regulations and safety... Afaik its for smokers which should put theyre cigarettes into the ashtrays instead of the bin... Even if it's forbidden
It's for fire safety, in case someone smokes illegally, they still have a safe way of putting the cigarette out.
Also, there could still be some airlines that allow smoking; probably smaller ones that don't terminate in the US or EU (and GB).
STephanM oh really guys I didnt know some airlines permit smoking, unbelievable
Hi Captain Joe. Have a question for you. Am flying regularly - as a passenger - the A320-200. A few times it happens that in the 3rd or 4th minute after take off the engines go very quiet for maybe 30 seconds. And then resume full power for further climb. The first time it happened my heart missed a beat as I thought we had engine problem. Recently it happened 3 times in a row during the same flight! I would like to understand what happens. It will take my anxiety away. Thanks if you see fit to explain. For the rest an awesome channel. Makes flying as a passenger more relaxed!
Thank u Joe! Looking forward to see you flying the queen of the sky!
Captain Joe, we all know you are truly an Airbus fan and in your competition with dutchpilotgirl, you mentioned some points about the Boeing aircraft which you personally don't like. Now you are on your 747 type rating. I would like to know your opinion about Boeing now, because today you are more experienced.
It seems that I have not followed Captain Joe as closely as you did. I was not aware of him going for the B747 type rating.
John Catty yes, he does it on the 747-8 indeed :D
Thanks, guys
John Catty Where have u been? Living underneath a stone or sth?? 😂
Swede Potato Pie
I am not constantly following Captain Joe and I have been in China a couple of times recently. Since it is not easy to gain access to YT from there I skip it for the time being there.
Thanks alot sir for such an informative video few questions if you could answer.
Q1:Why standard holding pattern always right side? Is there any specific reason?
Q2:And let down after a holding pattern should always be opposite side i.e left hand?
Another amazing video from an amazing pilot, congrats on the new Type rating!
As always wonderful video, very informative presented in a very easily understandable way. Thank you so very much for your efforts
Once again great video explanation joe. You are best trainer. Definitely you must be one of the best capable pilots. You might be best teacher though.
The calculation at 4:12 is correct, but slightly misleading as the units are wrong; nautical miles are NOT measured in knots per minute! It should be 230 kt * (1/60) h = 3.83NM.
Awesome video, I am short of adjectives to appreciate the video, good to have all that information along with calculations. Eagerly waiting for the next two videos, Cheers.
1:24 in Helsinki Vantaa we have one of the worlds best snow removing wehicles.
I’ve just started learning this, and this helps so much
Brilliant video Joe. Very well explained! I love the videos u make! Please keep up the great work! Thanks Joe!
Captain Joe, Could you make a video on why the horizontal aerodynamic surfaces can’t be painted a certain colour.
Again a great video and learned more about holding patterns. Can’t wait for the next video.
Idk if you and internet historian planned to use the same music, it kinda makes me chuckle. Good videos, though, working on my instrument!
Just a notice from a physics perspective: the units in 230kts/60min = 3.8nm are wrong (that would lead to a unit of nm/(h*min). What one actually does is multiply the 230kts by 1/60h (=1min), which means wie have 230kts*h/60 = 230nm/h*h/60, so that time unit disappears. Does nothing for the calculations, but just to be clear what happens in that calculation - we multiply a speed by time to get a length.
Happy New Year Captain Joe!😘
joe can you please answer my question.....When do pilots use autopilot?
Another cracking video, thanks again Paul Rudd!
Thank you Captain Joe. You're always informative! Good job!
Nicely explained Cap, i'm by no means a training pilot but these things makes it a nice to know for passengers. So thanks for the efforts! presentation well done. Your passenger Mr.B, hehe :)
4:46 , 180° is the angle subtended by an arch A of Π Rad. The Diameter D is equal to 2 Rad. So 1 Rad = A/Π = D/2. So D = 2A/Π = 7,6/Π = 2,42. Different calculations but the same result. As If I said that I can fly from Milan to Sankt Petersburg along a route over Berlin, or I can fly from Milan to Sankt Petersburg along a route over Warsaw... Different routes but the same destination :-)
Thanks a lot.very informative.love from India
Joe, what is the difference between A checks C checks D checks and E check? I am interested.
Perfect subject. Waiting for #2 & 3. I am a GA VFR Pilot
Hi cap.joe,
How to navigate to the holding pattern from any point when given instruction...
Joe I have a question? Have you ridden/piloted a FedEx Boeing 777?Callsign I guess is 435 Heavy Also Did you takeoff on runway 30?
Hello dear Captain Joe! What are the chances that your subconscious mind would make your right hand reach for the side stick only to find out after 2 seconds that it does not exist any more!!? Ahhhh...good old AB days.
Haha ;) The tiller steering is where my sidestick use to be :)
Captain Joe Haha :D Good luck with your training sir. Best wishes and lots of prayers for you from VGHS.
Isn't the stick change kinda awkward? I think you made a video about it.
And ya, wishes from VGHS from me too :P
What entry would you use if you were approaching the fix exactly opposite of the side of the hold radio? Another words if you were going to hold on the 300 radio with left-hand turns, but you are approaching the Fix heading 120 exactly on the opposite side of the inbound course. Would you use a teardrop or a parallel?
Roger this is Ground OPS - Flights MVM /TRAVCO Thank you CPT Joe for all the knowledge of the information contained
Hello Captain Joe :) have wondered for a while now, if you have been in or witnessed any (from the jump seat) Pilot Monitored Approach or a CAT II ? would be really interested to watch if you've already covered these topic/s or can request you to make one on PMAs/ CAT II approach.. even though it may not be a common practice or even in the SOPs of some of the companies.
Thanks again for the excellent guidance and educational material you put out and the inspiration!
Dear Captain Joe can you make a video about the landing gears and tires.
Thanks.
It's VERY useful for me as for student pilot. Thank you!