I'm doing my research in Philosophy of Accounting. This morning i sent an email to Professor Michael Sandel for asking permission to cite his material based on this forum. After 10 hours, i got a reply directly from him... giving me permission. Oh.. you know it feels like amazing grace when got his reply. Thank you so much, Professor. God bless.
Notice what he does after hearing a name, he repeats it back to himself and others a couple of times, this technique helps greatly in memorising names rather quickly. It solidifies it in your mind.
@Lukasz I used spaced repetition to keep it around, ill repeat a name immediately after hearing it, then repeat their name a few minutes later, then maybe 30 mins later etc depending on how long the interaction is.
@U Hassan .. What is the numerical risk that an airplane with 400 people on board, will crash on one flight from San Francisco to Tokyo? .. By one way of calculating it, it is ~10^-7 . This is based on the statistics for crashes. .. But there is another way: Since risks are additive, you can add up all the risks of the critica parts, systems and subsystems. Try that. .. Now get back to your studying. An Engineering degree is much more difficult than all that other crap. *Engineers are the GrownUps*
Thank you Harvard for posting these lectures. I miss the luxury of going to lectures and having educational debates. When I recover from Leukemia, I hope to further my education so this is keeping me hopeful until then. I would go to school for the rest of my life happily with lectures like this. Thank you.
I really am impressed with the Professor and the clarity with which he teaches.He seems like a class act and a person that one would love to have a conversation.
The icing on the cake is...his expression remains the same irrespective of the answer and continues with the same temp...as you said ..."a class act" indeed.
How much I wish for a teacher like him is indescribable. I'm trying not to sound demeaning to my actual professors but they are not as qualified as the ones available at highly reputed Universities.
@@palaknavdiwala7473 he is an awesome political philosopher called Michael sandel. He does a series of radio 4 discussions called the public philosopher which are great too. And he has books. He is wonderful at what he does 👍
Great stuff I am 63 modEl why are not all teachers so inspiring in 1978 it was you I would have required...I gave up law because it was so repetitiv formula Letter writting...little did I know that litterally 3 years later I would be trewn into British sociéty from France...knowing the laws helps under standing a lot of society these young students are Lucky top of thé pyramide of éducation.
The problem with the whole idea of "For the Greater Good" is that most of the people who make decisions based on that idea are quite assured they are part of the "greater good". One must ask our conscience how we would have taken the same decision if we were part of the worse of minority.
The problem exists that its usurps the individual for the masses, period. The individual is not sovereign but a subject. It abolishes the concept of personal rights, freedoms and liberties.
This, and the fact that you don't actually know which consequences your actions will have. It's a fundamental flaw in consequentalism, and gives moral weight to sentient life intrinsically, whilst contradicting itself and saying the life doesn't matter, but the degree of suffering the actions might cause.
@Rayan You're saying it's an error to compare two different moral dilemmas? I think the prof made like with like by implying the other parties will die if you do not choose them, so it's not their happiness vs someone else's death. It's death vs death
@Rayan I think i misunderstood what you said, because I thought you meant it wasn't okay to kill 1 person to save 5, since that's for the benefit of the 5's happiness.
Here are my thoughts. Fundamentally, we aren't omniscient, and never will be. Therefore, consequentialism is immoral. There are gradations of omniscience, but to predicate a determination of ethics on a correlation between choices and outcomes (which is all we CAN do without true omniscience - play a game of statistics) is to play God.
00:26 - Putting a Price Tag on Life 01:00 - Introduction to life of Jeremy Bentham - Manifestor of Utilitarianism 03:58 - Phillip Morris Study Czech Republic - ⬆️ of excise in smoking Phillip Morris Cost/Benefit Analysis - found net substantial gain to state if citizens smoke - But it misses the cost of trauma faced by family of deceased and value of person's life 06:52 - Ford Pinto Case - what should be the value of life? can we even measure the value of life in monetary terms? Also thought to ponder upon here is that - Is it justified to arrive at a moral conclusion using utilitarianism in each and every case? pinto case - fuel tank in the rear -- reasoning for not incorporating extra safety measures is derived from a cost-benefit analysis. An analysis that incorporates value of life as $2,00,000 19:29 - Objections to utilitarianism - Utilitarianism fails to respect individual rights + not possible to aggregate all values and preferences into $$ 22:47 - Thorndike study conclusion - 'Any want or satisfaction which exists, exists in some amount and is therefore measurable. 25:29 - Ethical Dilemma regarding Terrorist and Torture Contention between Utilitarian approach and Categorical approach 30:41 - While objecting to the Utilitarian approach - it is contended that not possible to aggregate all values and preferences - But why is it necessary to aggregate all values? Isn't there distinction b/w higher and lower pleasures and pains ? 31:36 - Quote by Jeremy Bentham - "The quality of pleasure being equal, pushpin is as good as poetry." 34:02 - Utilitarian 'John Stuart Mill' reply to objections of Bentham's philosophy of utilitarianism - He states that the idea that our de facto actual empirical desires are the only basis for moral judgment. Also he affirms the possibility of distinction b/w higher and lower pleasures 38:51 - John Stuart Mill assets that higher pleasure is the one which comes naturally -- followed by an experiment of the visual experience of Shakespeare, fear factor and Simpson. 48:02 - Quote by John Stuart Mill - "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied. Better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool or the pig are of a different opinion, it is because they only know their side of the question." 50:23 - Justice by John stuart Mill - "Justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the scale of social utility and are therefore of a more paramount obligation than any others." in the hindsight - It is observed in lecture that, absoluteness of either of approach can be easily contradicted with basic sense of today's moral standard. lt is the dynamic balance, we try to perfect as progressive beings. A balance which exactness is founded on circumstances of application.
Finally I can attend the highest university in the world without costing any money. I am so happy to be here, this lecture is also relevant to my course. It helped me a lot to understand more about this course. I am curious to learn and gain new experience from this class. Thanks you
"You have to adjust for inflation" - hangover from economics class 😎. These are the kind of class mates that I want to make my studies much more interesting.
I have a question: what's the difference on putting a price on a human's life and calculating how much time one person should spend in jail due to a crime he/she committed? In this class, they start debating: can we put a price on human life? and everybody seems so shy while debating, however, our society does a similar calculation everyday: how much time one must spend in jail because he stole something or murdered someone, etc. How do we calculate that one person must spend 2 years in prison for theft? How do we decide that one must spend 30 years in prison for murder? How do we get to this numbers? To my view, calculating how much time one should spend jail due to a certain felony or misdemeanor is pretty much the same discussion as putting a price on somebody's life.
Thanks, that was really thought provoking. I never gave much thought to how we just arbitrarily slap people with however many years of prison we feel like giving them. It gives me the same uneasiness that assigning a dollar sign to a human life does
+Ma Zonis Well, actually there is no last conclusion about whether it's just to put a price on human life. People just don't like the ideal, but in the real world, no matter you like it, decisions must be made. For example, we must trade off between the risk of dying in earthquake and cost more to build stronger buildings. Because in the end, government must have a standard of anti-earthquake. In the decision making process, some one must put a price on human life and other factors or there would be no roof at all in the world to gain the max level of safety in earthquake. The reality is, there are limited choices on hand, and people find all of them are morally unperfected. In fact, there isn't any absolutely safe action for human. So, the ideal that don't put a amount on human life is just a opinion rather than a truth, even if the public agree with it. It's the naive of the public(we must admit public are not always right). In one sentence, it's earth here, not heaven.
+Ma Zonis I don't speak for Mr. Sandal but: "How do we calculate that one person must spend 2 years in prison for theft?" Until there is sufficient evidence that they will not re-commit, assuming the laws they broke are justified.
p3tr0114 great answer!! however, in this case, we shouldnt be talking about penal law i think, we should be talking about schooling and re-introduction to society.
@Skylar Kilgour .. In Engineering, there is a ~66% drop-out rate between the first lecture and the final achievement of a degree. [That is for people who pay the first year tuition.]
it's because most people have trouble sticking with something unless they have some external motivation (in this case college credit, a certificate, a degree.. etc)
From the time run into these lecturers, I have just been addicted and day barely passes. If we all thought along the same lines and application of such knowledge, I the world could have been a much better place
what IF he didnt sleep the night before. He might have needed it and i mean they have recordings of it....tho he missed the chance to participate irl and actually be a part of it.
What makes it really good is the quantity of examples given throughout the whole presentation. It makes it interactive and intriguing and keep the audience interested to the subject.
I am a university student, in the same major, our professor always says about leading philosophers including MICHAEL SANDEL and I always felt so bad for having such great teacher, but thank you Harvard and professor Sandle for this free course, I hope you will add more for people like me!!
This is why Harvard is so great! I wish my lectures had been facilitated in such a way. It’s brief lectures with frequent debate and forming of their own ideas.
I took these classes online as a moment to explore beyond what I already know. I am inspired that these classes offer me with a joy in the quest to ask questions that as much as I know they matter, I always brush them off.
The Harvard experience is amazing. Thank You all for showing me some Love I was literally alive with excitement and the students were just as amazing as Iconic Harvard 🙏 Blessed
Two things, 1- what an amazing professor, inspiring and knowledgeable, his approach is what I loved the most, he doesnt give you the answer, he makes you fight for it! Thats how you creat great thinkers instead of followers 2- If only America could understand that free education would creat great thinkers that would build a healthy society piece by piece. Here I am on a beach in Central America and was able to pick up two philosophy courses at Harvard for free. I just got a perspective in life! Imagine if we could provide the world with free education, wouldn’t it be a better place? Thank you @Harvard University for providing free materials without ads!
This is a great lecture. It's very good to think about so many shades of grey between right and wrong. I wish I had had professors and classes like that during my course in University in Brazil! Thank you for sharing with people from all over the world such good opportunities to learn!
Love this program for those of us who can’t get opportunities to Harvard education to be a part is immensely pleasurable:-) Love this program and thank You 🙏🏼
@@vansh3777 Because society has multiple needs and Govt has to follow up on all of them. Its not just Health and Education that matter. Would a healthy and educated India wont face refugee problems ? NRC is a population census exercise ? It will be expensive. So, should we not take it up ?
What an age we live in! The less fortunate, like me, who don't get to go to Harvard get to attend these lectures. What a privilege technology affords us!
People forget that every day is a different day for each of us. A higher pleasure on a well-slept night is a a different experience than a higher pleasure on a Friday night after a long arduous week. Utilitarianism is well imbedded in the media. Especially on network tv. Love these lectures!
I am a PhD student of Education Management. I know what I am watching: something really amazing for my tomorrow short lecture on his book: "The Tyrrany of Merit". I think I will begin to read his books one by one during this summer.
Every teacher or aspiring teacher watch it and learn how to engage students. I am carrier civil officer but also teach throughout my life and according to students best teacher. Watching his lecture I am humbled.
Bhagavadgita says, “Keeping yourself as the yardstick, seeing others as equal to you, consider what is pleasurable and painful to them.” (6.32) This is often a great way to discern right from wrong.🙏
Schooling in Harvard is got to be very demanding, student often face a lot of problems trying to balance their college life of study and other activities they might engage in, I can tell very much from my time as a student. Faced with a lot of challenges and stress as a result, most student lack in lots of ways and more financial as the cost of education keeps rising. Glad over the past few years, I have helped a lot of undergraduate by exposing them to good financial routes to help maintain their financial situation while in school.
That’s nice of you, I remembered my days back in university of California I was faced with lots of students loan. Which set me back a lot on debt even after been a graduate.
I find myself in this very same situation, I have resulted to seeking part time employment. But it’s not easy and I try, how do you assist undergraduates maybe and advice would be very helpful.
It took me sixteen months before I was able to clear my student loan debts, I had to work extra hours. Glad it worth it, I just landed a new job with Microsoft.
This episode raises such thought-provoking questions about the value of life and the moral dilemmas we face when economics intersects with ethics. The way Professor Sandel challenges us to consider the implications of putting a price tag on life is eye-opening. It makes me rethink how we assess risk and benefit in society, especially when human life is at stake. Are there limits to what we can quantify, or is every decision, in some way, a cost-benefit analysis? Truly fascinating discussion!
I am reminded of a buddhist quote that says something like: " you think you're choosing between happiness and sadness, but really you're just choosing between two types of sadness"
Leave the philosophers aside, I'm actually here for the professor. He really is the ‘master of the art’. I hardly watch UA-cam lectures because they all seem boring at some time, but here I'm, two episodes in two days. Thank you Harvard.
Thank You Very Much Harvard form IRAN for allowing the people of the World be able to enjoy the BEST LECTURES IN LAW by the Best Professor and Very Smart Students contribution during lecture; and as it has been said correctly " Im not the same person with those mentality, after hearing all new views to different issues...
the cost benefit analysis in ford case is itself flawed....the cost section needed to count in the loss in brand value due to these faulty designs,also they should have included the settlement charges too in the cost!!!!
I am overwhelmed watching the lectures. Experiencing strange but wonderful blending of logic and philosophy while reasoning ideas. Thanks to Harvard University.
I think The Simpsons can be viewed as a course pleasure on one level. On another level, it regularly tackles big issues like immigration, guns, corporate downsizing, sexism, and pollution with surprising sophistication.
I've got nothing to do with law, I'm computer science student, but I've watched the first episode of this man randomly(he's a brilliant lecturer btw), and it attracted me to watch the second one and so on, this is so fascinating, all the things about justice and morality, what is Justice? how do you define justice? who has the right to make justice? what gives one individual the right to judge others? And is Justice relative or absolute? This questions all seems fascinating to me, by the way there's an anime called "Death Note", if you haven't watched it i highly recommend, (law students) you're gonna relate to it.
Looking at the vulnerability/multitudes of human judgement in the wake of shifting grounds of justice scenarios, a formal/rigorous training in law/justice becomes a categorical imperative not only in government institutions but across every informal justice dispensation platforms.
Dr. Bartholomew is an innovator and advocate for our youngsters. LegacyED is an outstanding platform to keep us abreast on the latest happenings in education. As a school leader, I leave invigorated by the conversation. Dr. Young, I totally agree-"We are not going for program our way out of this without developing a change in our culture and behavior." Your statement is profound. Looking forward to the next segment. Dr. Nurdjaja
I think most of these problems would be much easier to solve if we didn't only compare the overall pleasure of the two or more outcomes, but also the overall pain. Cause I think less pain is better than more pleasure. Example: Romans and Christians - With the practice of burning Christians the overall pleasure of Romans would be high as well as the overall pain of Christians. With the practice banned, the overall pleasure of Christians would highly increase but overall pain of Romans I doubt so much. So banning of the practice seems like the right answer. That's the balance he was talking about and that's how I think all of this should work.
Marizza Pia Andrade So in essence, 1 unit of pain avoided > 1 unit of pleasure. If so, we have to fix a value. This is where minority and majority comes in again. because to save 1 christian at the expense of 1000000 romans' pleasure wouldn't be utilitarian at all. Though i feel what you pointed out is interesting, the problem isn't really resolved :)
***** Hmm yes, it could be worked on, I agree. In truth it is really hard, if not impossible, to measure something like that on an overall scale especially cause everyone feels different. But through the combination of empathy and simple logic I think the goal is achievable, at least in theory. :D
but genereally speaking, more pleasure equals less pain. see, the romans had the gladiator fights for the same reason we have alcohol. without it the sociological consequences could be fatal for society. riots would break out, crime would increase etc..
I find your classes extremely pleasant and interesting. As to today's topic, I think political choices are never thoroughly impartial and they are always made in the interest of a part rather than of a different part, when not in the interest of stronger economic groups. So, I think it is really difficult to circumscribe a public utility which is not just an abstract idea. The point is: to whose costs or to whose benefits?
Beautiful. May anyone reading this never succumb to narcissistic tantrums thrown by people and feel trapped by their familiarity. You know much better, you can choose much better. Reach out to me if you need any cheerleading!
I loved studying so much like life itself. But I was denied. Now my heart thanks harvard, for allowing us to be part of scholastic discussions. God bless you all.humanity is inclusiveness of all inquisitive of knowledge. The once more.
Great Gesture by Harvard. Sharing Knowledge Bank with researchers and students of Law . This positivity action further places the institute on higher pedestal.
i think shakespeare's plays are usually played to the peasants of his time? and a lot of the languages he use and references he use, that we had to learn, are easily understood by ppl of his time, so i think in a way, shakespeare was the simpsons of his time lol
I thought the same when I heard the example. Shakespeare was popular culture in his time. In the same way, Simpson is popular culture today. I agree with Peter Burke when he argues that when the "intelectual culture" accept something in it own culture, so put it in it books, then this become "appreciate", or "erudite", or "desirable". If we go back in 16 centuries and ask to a scholar which is better, if Shakespeare's theater or a Greek Tragedy, obviously he will laugh in your face and choose the last... I'm not saying that's Simpsons are the new Shakespeare, but I'm saying that everything that's emerge for the popular culture received the label of "bad thing" or "pig pleasure" to speak with Utilitarianism.
Max Ma we clarify the pleasure in term. Of relatively because no one can see all the time Shakespeare or any thing. We can feel or measure it by means of one 5 another.
Not just the peasants ('groundlings') but the nobility as well. Which is why everything is said twice, once for one audience the second time for the other.
@Maria Callous That is very true. But Shakespeare was poor and un-appreciated in his time. His plays were shown at the Globe to peasants since the ticket in was only about a pence. There were no seats either, if I remember correctly. Just poor people standing around a round stage, watching some playwright's concoctions. Only after his death were scraps of his plays recovered from the actors and people associated with him, and put together in the books we read today. So while his plays are definitely subtle and include great moral lessons, they also include crude language and vulgar jokes. Someone living in the same times as Shakespeare, when asked if he preferred Shakespeare or Greek tragedy would most likely, first of all, say who? And then say they obviously prefer the Greek tragedies which were very high culture at the time.
Oh I completely identify, you are not alone. I think we have become alert due to the toxic news flood. I had to pause auto videoplaying on social media, cause my heartbeats jumps at the start of the sound .. 🙃🙃
Simple economics problem already solved nearly a century and a half ago: value is subjective. You're not gonna be able to decide how much someone ELSE values a thing without a market for at least an approximated cost guidance--but there are no markets in murdered loved ones to help anyone estimate how much money someone's going to want for their murdered loved one! No study intended to guess how much I value my grandmother (as well as pain and suffering costs) is going to get that right--EVER! Multiply that problem by tens of thousands of people and you can see how crushingly stupid the whole project of a cost benefit analysis designed to figure out what killing someone else's loved one is going to cost you is. Amazing!
Well, in all fairness they award money in cases to people for their"pain and suffering". How exactly do you put a number on a feeling, in this case of pain and/or suffering? I'm not sure, but it exists and is used all the time.
Unfortunately and shockingly, there are twisted people who justify intentional vile and evil actions, as long as they get their desired result or intend on getting their result. Such as abusers who keep on abusing and bullying someone thinking the person will eventually give in to their desires, despite lack of consent, warnings of the victim suffering from suicidal thoughts and no intention to give in to the abuser. And abusing someone for your own personal gain, justifying it using financial means, cause you have nothing else to offer, only shows how shallow and evil some people are. They obviously don't value human life. So it's not shocking that there's a small number of people that put a price on a life that no longer exists. The aftermath you endure cannot be calculated in monetary sums. And money cannot bring back time, a life, etc.
Because we can’t rely on the market to answer all our issues neither to answer all our disputes. As soon we start to apply a system that was meant solely as a tool for goods and services into other things that are not equally related the entire process is corrupted.
damn.. this is so addictive!. i just watched the first one and even though i don't have time for the second episode i cant resist but take a sneak peek :P
the car companies didn't put a price on human life, they estimated how much they thought a single lawsuit would cost them. if that piece of data hadn't shown up in court the jury would probably have been more leviant and the car companie's estimate would have been correct, they do this to see if it will cheaper to recall all the cars or pay the lawsuits, not if it is moral.
I wish i could have been at this lecture in person, im hoping to get into school this year to study law, i have a degree in communication but i got it for my dad, sad but true.
I would defend the car thing: "Such decisions need to be made. A shield in the front costs 11$ and ads safety. But a 11$ shield in the back could possibly also save 50 deaths/injuries. And in fact if there had been 20 more cm. between the front end and the engine, for 800$ per car, 100 deaths in accidents would have been avoided on the scale of the world. A solid diamond roof would provide an effective protection against meteorites and falling pianos too, now that I think about it. In the end, safety costs money. More safety costs more money. Infinite safety costs infinite money, and that's just not realistic; someone needs to draw the line. Now I do think that their estimate was crude. 200K per death? This isn't a hospital bed death, it's an adult death. A lost of I would estimate 40-50 QALY on average. I get that this was 1970, and there has been a lot of inflation since, but I believe that Ford made a wide underestimation of the value of human life here. A single one of these adults could have made 200K in their lifetime, and we spend some 10K on the hospitalisation of patients that have only a few years to live. Sometimes more. I think that there is a big problem with the consistency between ford's analysis and the value of life as evaluated in the medical field. While I believe that cost analysis of human life is fair, I believe that ford sinned here, and should be prosecuted for it". Question two: "What I try to optimise isn't actually utility, sir. What I want to optimise is human survival, more specifically quality adjusted years of human life. No amount of "fun" creates survival or is equivalent to loss of survival, and in that way I do not agree with this notion. From another point of view... " _panem et circencis_ ", right? Bread and games. The stability of the empire certaily has a weight in QALY".
This is genius. Its crazy how many people including myself do things for pleasure like watch funny youtube videos or watch sports, conscious that doing other things which I like doing like reading books, working the mind are a higher pleasure grasping knowledge but still end up doing the other things which are more non productive for myslef.
I'm doing my research in Philosophy of Accounting.
This morning i sent an email to Professor Michael Sandel for asking permission to cite his material based on this forum.
After 10 hours, i got a reply directly from him... giving me permission.
Oh.. you know it feels like amazing grace when got his reply.
Thank you so much, Professor.
God bless.
Which email had you sent it to? If you don't mind sharing, please?
That is amazing!
@@anweshaganguly2545 it's probably on Harvard's directory-a quick google search of the prof's name should yield his Harvard email address
May you share your email to talk about your research, please?
@@paulanthonypadilla2751 he is not in Harvard any longer
This guy should teach a class called: “How To Instantly Memorize Names”
Notice what he does after hearing a name, he repeats it back to himself and others a couple of times, this technique helps greatly in memorising names rather quickly. It solidifies it in your mind.
Micheal Scott could be a co professor in that class 🤣
@@bhavikrughanibr 🤣🤣
@@cadkls Great
@Lukasz I used spaced repetition to keep it around, ill repeat a name immediately after hearing it, then repeat their name a few minutes later, then maybe 30 mins later etc depending on how long the interaction is.
I like how he doesn't judge his students, he simply appreciates a diverse point of view. I wish I could sit in his class someday.
I am a mechanical engineering student, i don’t know why I am listening this lecture a day before exam.
Hassan, from where are you?
@U Hassan .. What is the numerical risk that an airplane with 400 people on board, will crash on one flight from San Francisco to Tokyo? .. By one way of calculating it, it is ~10^-7 . This is based on the statistics for crashes. .. But there is another way: Since risks are additive, you can add up all the risks of the critica parts, systems and subsystems. Try that. ..
Now get back to your studying. An Engineering degree is much more difficult than all that other crap.
*Engineers are the GrownUps*
Because you'r not interesting in waiting until the exam is done to watch it.
@rickson right. ..I'm also watch this before the exam....and I can't wait to finish the exam to watch this
Same here bro i am a student of information Science and tomorrow i have exam
Thank you Harvard for posting these lectures. I miss the luxury of going to lectures and having educational debates. When I recover from Leukemia, I hope to further my education so this is keeping me hopeful until then. I would go to school for the rest of my life happily with lectures like this. Thank you.
This is coming late but I hope you recover fully and have the opportunity to pursue your academic dreams. Best of luck
Hope you are doing well, Iron Dogger!
hope you are doing well!
Iron, hope you're getting better !
@@alexquyenvo5196 🙏🏽Thank you! On the upswing!
I feel privileged to live in the era when I can watch Harvard lectures for free........
You should watch more because its 'Harvard' and not 'Harward'.
@@theresnothingness What's in a name dear ?
@@theresnothingness I just can't stop laughing 🤣. Can laughing be my highest desire?
Me too
@@theresnothingness burnnnnnnn
I really am impressed with the Professor and the clarity with which he teaches.He seems like a class act and a person that one would love to have a conversation.
The icing on the cake is...his expression remains the same irrespective of the answer and continues with the same temp...as you said ..."a class act" indeed.
he seems to have thought and answered all those questions before!! hes too good
accurate
How much I wish for a teacher like him is indescribable. I'm trying not to sound demeaning to my actual professors but they are not as qualified as the ones available at highly reputed Universities.
@@palaknavdiwala7473 he is an awesome political philosopher called Michael sandel. He does a series of radio 4 discussions called the public philosopher which are great too. And he has books. He is wonderful at what he does 👍
He addresses every question that I ask myself in my head. This guy is just too awesome.
Yes, your highness!
Lelouch Vi Britannia yes my lordo
@@mehbubulalam7889 uwu uwu
Same.
No. It’s coz u have the same questions as from last 100 years of debating this stuff
They compile it into a syllabus
I appreciate seeing older folks in these lectures - lifelong learning!
Makes me want to go back to the uni badly
@@rosy3803 Some of us vermin didn't even go to Uni 😃
Great stuff I am 63 modEl why are not all teachers so inspiring in 1978 it was you I would have required...I gave up law because it was so repetitiv formula Letter writting...little did I know that litterally 3 years later I would be trewn into British sociéty from France...knowing the laws helps under standing a lot of society these young students are Lucky top of thé pyramide of éducation.
Just for personal interest
This is the best thing ever happened on the internet.. learning on UA-cam has now become my highest pleasure.
Yes fr, I wish if I knew that we can learn things from UA-cam when I was in school, It would have been great
I like your view
@@iamnobody7625 эцьэио.. .,
What other courses you recommend?
I agree....
The problem with the whole idea of "For the Greater Good" is that most of the people who make decisions based on that idea are quite assured they are part of the "greater good". One must ask our conscience how we would have taken the same decision if we were part of the worse of minority.
The problem exists that its usurps the individual for the masses, period. The individual is not sovereign but a subject. It abolishes the concept of personal rights, freedoms and liberties.
This, and the fact that you don't actually know which consequences your actions will have. It's a fundamental flaw in consequentalism, and gives moral weight to sentient life intrinsically, whilst contradicting itself and saying the life doesn't matter, but the degree of suffering the actions might cause.
@Rayan You're saying it's an error to compare two different moral dilemmas? I think the prof made like with like by implying the other parties will die if you do not choose them, so it's not their happiness vs someone else's death. It's death vs death
@Rayan I think i misunderstood what you said, because I thought you meant it wasn't okay to kill 1 person to save 5, since that's for the benefit of the 5's happiness.
Here are my thoughts. Fundamentally, we aren't omniscient, and never will be. Therefore, consequentialism is immoral. There are gradations of omniscience, but to predicate a determination of ethics on a correlation between choices and outcomes (which is all we CAN do without true omniscience - play a game of statistics) is to play God.
00:26 - Putting a Price Tag on Life
01:00 - Introduction to life of Jeremy Bentham - Manifestor of Utilitarianism
03:58 - Phillip Morris Study
Czech Republic - ⬆️ of excise in smoking
Phillip Morris Cost/Benefit Analysis - found net substantial gain to state if citizens smoke - But it misses the cost of trauma faced by family of deceased and value of person's life
06:52 - Ford Pinto Case - what should be the value of life? can we even measure the value of life in monetary terms?
Also thought to ponder upon here is that - Is it justified to arrive at a moral conclusion using utilitarianism in each and every case?
pinto case - fuel tank in the rear -- reasoning for not incorporating extra safety measures is derived from a cost-benefit analysis.
An analysis that incorporates value of life as $2,00,000
19:29 - Objections to utilitarianism
- Utilitarianism fails to respect individual rights + not possible to aggregate all values and preferences into $$
22:47 - Thorndike study conclusion - 'Any want or satisfaction which exists, exists in some amount and is therefore measurable.
25:29 - Ethical Dilemma regarding Terrorist and Torture
Contention between Utilitarian approach and Categorical approach
30:41 - While objecting to the Utilitarian approach - it is contended that not possible to aggregate all values and preferences - But why is it necessary to aggregate all values? Isn't there distinction b/w higher and lower pleasures and pains ?
31:36 - Quote by Jeremy Bentham - "The quality of pleasure being equal, pushpin is as good as poetry."
34:02 - Utilitarian 'John Stuart Mill' reply to objections of Bentham's philosophy of utilitarianism - He states that the idea that our de facto actual empirical desires are the only basis for moral judgment. Also he affirms the possibility of distinction b/w higher and lower pleasures
38:51 - John Stuart Mill assets that higher pleasure is the one which comes naturally -- followed by an experiment of the visual experience of Shakespeare, fear factor and Simpson.
48:02 - Quote by John Stuart Mill - "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied. Better to be a Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied. And if the fool or the pig are of a different opinion, it is because they only know their side of the question."
50:23 - Justice by John stuart Mill - "Justice is a name for certain moral requirements, which, regarded collectively, stand higher in the scale of social utility and are therefore of a more paramount obligation than any others."
in the hindsight - It is observed in lecture that, absoluteness of either of approach can be easily contradicted with basic sense of today's moral standard. lt is the dynamic balance, we try to perfect as progressive beings. A balance which exactness is founded on circumstances of application.
Thank you so much .. 🙏.
And you please take care of your time too.
@@ambitiousqueen4025 thank you
Thank you for this summary
thank you man, I really appreciate this when doing my reviews
Good way to deeper ur understanding through revision by this and help others 😉
And he always remembers students'name even if it's 30 minutes after their opinions.
Yes I noticed too
@@ahsanmohammed1 mashallah tbark allah alhamdulillah inshallah better astagfirullah
@S C mashallah tbark allah alhamdulillah inshallah better astagfirullah
@Aisha Mapnoo mashallah tbark allah alhamdulillah inshallah better astagfirullah
that made me like him even more!
Finally I can attend the highest university in the world without costing any money. I am so happy to be here, this lecture is also relevant to my course. It helped me a lot to understand more about this course. I am curious to learn and gain new experience from this class. Thanks you
I can't express how thankful I am to Harvard for spreading free knowledge
"You have to adjust for inflation" - hangover from economics class 😎.
These are the kind of class mates that I want to make my studies much more interesting.
Haha the Coarse Theorem lol
I am experiencing higher pleasure by watching this video instead of enjoying some meaningless hours on Facebook. What a great lecture!
Now I realised why these top universities are always at top🔥
He is such great teacher even after straight 13 year still like I'm in his classroom 🌃🙃
Actually I got these types of lectures from land grant university.
I have a question: what's the difference on putting a price on a human's life and calculating how much time one person should spend in jail due to a crime he/she committed?
In this class, they start debating: can we put a price on human life? and everybody seems so shy while debating, however, our society does a similar calculation everyday: how much time one must spend in jail because he stole something or murdered someone, etc.
How do we calculate that one person must spend 2 years in prison for theft? How do we decide that one must spend 30 years in prison for murder? How do we get to this numbers?
To my view, calculating how much time one should spend jail due to a certain felony or misdemeanor is pretty much the same discussion as putting a price on somebody's life.
Thanks, that was really thought provoking. I never gave much thought to how we just arbitrarily slap people with however many years of prison we feel like giving them. It gives me the same uneasiness that assigning a dollar sign to a human life does
+Ma Zonis Thanks for sharing your inspiring thoughts. They helped me to ponder limits of utilitarianism more clearly.
+Ma Zonis Well, actually there is no last conclusion about whether it's just to put a price on human life. People just don't like the ideal, but in the real world, no matter you like it, decisions must be made.
For example, we must trade off between the risk of dying in earthquake and cost more to build stronger buildings. Because in the end, government must have a standard of anti-earthquake. In the decision making process, some one must put a price on human life and other factors or there would be no roof at all in the world to gain the max level of safety in earthquake.
The reality is, there are limited choices on hand, and people find all of them are morally unperfected. In fact, there isn't any absolutely safe action for human. So, the ideal that don't put a amount on human life is just a opinion rather than a truth, even if the public agree with it. It's the naive of the public(we must admit public are not always right). In one sentence, it's earth here, not heaven.
+Ma Zonis I don't speak for Mr. Sandal but:
"How do we calculate that one person must spend 2 years in prison for theft?"
Until there is sufficient evidence that they will not re-commit, assuming the laws they broke are justified.
p3tr0114 great answer!! however, in this case, we shouldnt be talking about penal law i think, we should be talking about schooling and re-introduction to society.
This has about 5 million less views than the first episode. Looks like people are virtually dropping out of this lecture lol
It strikes a nerve and just maybe some people have a temporary attack of concious
@Skylar Kilgour .. In Engineering, there is a ~66% drop-out rate between the first lecture and the final achievement of a degree. [That is for people who pay the first year tuition.]
it's because most people have trouble sticking with something unless they have some external motivation (in this case college credit, a certificate, a degree.. etc)
We're here.
Views do not matter. The content can defend itself at ease. Great stuff. It has reached even Poland. I am not a student :) He IS a great teacher!
From the time run into these lecturers, I have just been addicted and day barely passes. If we all thought along the same lines and application of such knowledge, I the world could have been a much better place
0:54 that one guy sleeping through one of the greatest lecture series ever
Maybe just high on something
Dah
what IF he didnt sleep the night before. He might have needed it and i mean they have recordings of it....tho he missed the chance to participate irl and actually be a part of it.
What makes it really good is the quantity of examples given throughout the whole presentation. It makes it interactive and intriguing and keep the audience interested to the subject.
it's amazing how, I, a person living in2024, can learn so much from an old lecture like this.
I just love this guy and his teaching method...I wouldn’t miss any class...be afraid I would miss all these great points😩
I am a university student, in the same major, our professor always says about leading philosophers including MICHAEL SANDEL and I always felt so bad for having such great teacher, but thank you Harvard and professor Sandle for this free course, I hope you will add more for people like me!!
The fact that we all are preferring these lectures over the entirety of UA-cam itself proves Mill❤
This is why Harvard is so great! I wish my lectures had been facilitated in such a way. It’s brief lectures with frequent debate and forming of their own ideas.
I took these classes online as a moment to explore beyond what I already know. I am inspired that these classes offer me with a joy in the quest to ask questions that as much as I know they matter, I always brush them off.
JUST FOUND THIS ONE OUT AND THIS LECTURE IS SO GOOD. I BECAME MORE AWARE OF MYSELF WHEN IT COMES TO REASONING ONE SITUATION
The Harvard experience is amazing. Thank You all for showing me some Love I was literally alive with excitement and the students were just as amazing as Iconic Harvard 🙏 Blessed
Two things, 1- what an amazing professor, inspiring and knowledgeable, his approach is what I loved the most, he doesnt give you the answer, he makes you fight for it! Thats how you creat great thinkers instead of followers 2- If only America could understand that free education would creat great thinkers that would build a healthy society piece by piece. Here I am on a beach in Central America and was able to pick up two philosophy courses at Harvard for free. I just got a perspective in life!
Imagine if we could provide the world with free education, wouldn’t it be a better place? Thank you @Harvard University for providing free materials without ads!
🍎🙏🍎
" He doesn't give you the answer he makes you fight for it " 🙂👌
The subjects he is talking about are quite complex and heavy, but he presents them in such a way that makes it clear to understand!!!
This is a great lecture. It's very good to think about so many shades of grey between right and wrong. I wish I had had professors and classes like that during my course in University in Brazil! Thank you for sharing with people from all over the world such good opportunities to learn!
Love this program for those of us who can’t get opportunities to Harvard education to be a part is immensely pleasurable:-)
Love this program and thank You 🙏🏼
The best teacher and philosopher that I have ever come across.
I wish Indian Education "System" had a social media account so that I could tag them here or send this to the system about "HOW TO TEACH"
@@vansh3777 yk what I mean
@@vansh3777 EXACTLY man
@@vansh3777 Because society has multiple needs and Govt has to follow up on all of them. Its not just Health and Education that matter. Would a healthy and educated India wont face refugee problems ? NRC is a population census exercise ? It will be expensive. So, should we not take it up ?
Try Education Ministers
Or Heads Educational institutions.
NPTEL channel on UA-cam has the lectures on every topic there is.. all lectures from IITs.
I love the ways you teach your students by asking some challenge questions to them.
What an age we live in! The less fortunate, like me, who don't get to go to Harvard get to attend these lectures. What a privilege technology affords us!
I agree
One of the best youtube recomendation in my year so far. And im glad Harvard gave us a change to write down a comment below on this video.
Geez, these lectures are much more interesting than those which I have ever had throughout my bachelor/masters studies. Bravo!
People forget that every day is a different day for each of us. A higher pleasure on a well-slept night is a a different experience than a higher pleasure on a Friday night after a long arduous week. Utilitarianism is well imbedded in the media. Especially on network tv. Love these lectures!
i had to rewind many times to fully absorb his class great lecture thank you, Harvard :), cameraman, youtube
I am a PhD student of Education Management. I know what I am watching: something really amazing for my tomorrow short lecture on his book: "The Tyrrany of Merit". I think I will begin to read his books one by one during this summer.
Every teacher or aspiring teacher watch it and learn how to engage students. I am carrier civil officer but also teach throughout my life and according to students best teacher. Watching his lecture I am humbled.
Bhagavadgita says, “Keeping yourself as the yardstick, seeing others as equal to you, consider what is pleasurable and painful to them.” (6.32) This is often a great way to discern right from wrong.🙏
I have a final exam tomorrow but I couldnt prevent myself from watching this episode ,good luck guys I hope a successful life to everyone
I'm a highschool freshman right now I shouldn't even be here but Glad i am.
@@Broomful so am I , sorry I didn't notice your comment
I am just a poor lady from the head of the creek in Southern Appalachia. I love these videos
Dam I wish we had teachers like this man I would've stayed in school.
Schooling in Harvard is got to be very demanding, student often face a lot of problems trying to balance their college life of study and other activities they might engage in, I can tell very much from my time as a student. Faced with a lot of challenges and stress as a result, most student lack in lots of ways and more financial as the cost of education keeps rising. Glad over the past few years, I have helped a lot of undergraduate by exposing them to good financial routes to help maintain their financial situation while in school.
That’s nice of you, I remembered my days back in university of California I was faced with lots of students loan. Which set me back a lot on debt even after been a graduate.
It’s a very sad experience, and it messed up my grades back then.
Still settling mine😔
I find myself in this very same situation, I have resulted to seeking part time employment. But it’s not easy and I try, how do you assist undergraduates maybe and advice would be very helpful.
It took me sixteen months before I was able to clear my student loan debts, I had to work extra hours. Glad it worth it, I just landed a new job with Microsoft.
This episode raises such thought-provoking questions about the value of life and the moral dilemmas we face when economics intersects with ethics. The way Professor Sandel challenges us to consider the implications of putting a price tag on life is eye-opening. It makes me rethink how we assess risk and benefit in society, especially when human life is at stake. Are there limits to what we can quantify, or is every decision, in some way, a cost-benefit analysis? Truly fascinating discussion!
It is not my subject but I couldn't stop me when start watching this lecture till I watched whole series.
I am reminded of a buddhist quote that says something like: " you think you're choosing between happiness and sadness, but really you're just choosing between two types of sadness"
It's that the happiness people choose aren't really happiness, but just sadness in disguise in the form of sensual pleasures.
Thank you Harvard University! and thank you Mr.Sandel and whoever made this possible!
I must admit that nothing till date has swayed me towards using my judgements more than this. I'm truly mesmerised by this. Thank u, Harvard
I graduated with degree in Mechanical Engineering, but why I am enjoying and very interested listening to this episode?
Leave the philosophers aside, I'm actually here for the professor. He really is the ‘master of the art’. I hardly watch UA-cam lectures because they all seem boring at some time, but here I'm, two episodes in two days. Thank you Harvard.
Thank You Very Much Harvard form IRAN for allowing the people of the World be able to enjoy the BEST LECTURES IN LAW by the Best Professor and Very Smart Students contribution during lecture; and as it has been said correctly " Im not the same person with those mentality, after hearing all new views to different issues...
God I never get tired of watching it.
Thank You 🙏🏼
Never in my life did I think I'd be up all night listening to lectures on Justice.
12:10
Cost-benefit analysis used to analyse cost-benefit analysis.
Cost-benefit squared meta-analysis
yes exactly
the cost benefit analysis in ford case is itself flawed....the cost section needed to count in the loss in brand value due to these faulty designs,also they should have included the settlement charges too in the cost!!!!
And also consideration of future loss of sales owing to fear of jeopardy...
It was likely heavily simplified
after all the ford analysis is not a moral question but an economical.. utalitiarism thinks morals are an economic problem.. they are not =D
Am a medical doctor and this is a 3rd time listening this ! I don’t know why, the power of the teacher?!
I am a civil engineering student, I guess I know why I am listening to this lecture a day after an exam.
I am overwhelmed watching the lectures. Experiencing strange but wonderful blending of logic and philosophy while reasoning ideas. Thanks to Harvard University.
I was just 10years when these videos were taken but right now I am preparing for competitive exams by watching them
One of the best lecture series I have come across in recent times :)
Thank you to the speaker
I think The Simpsons can be viewed as a course pleasure on one level. On another level, it regularly tackles big issues like immigration, guns, corporate downsizing, sexism, and pollution with surprising sophistication.
I have my semester exams, still watching this for no reason at all.
I've got nothing to do with law, I'm computer science student, but I've watched the first episode of this man randomly(he's a brilliant lecturer btw), and it attracted me to watch the second one and so on, this is so fascinating, all the things about justice and morality, what is Justice? how do you define justice? who has the right to make justice? what gives one individual the right to judge others? And is Justice relative or absolute? This questions all seems fascinating to me, by the way there's an anime called "Death Note", if you haven't watched it i highly recommend, (law students) you're gonna relate to it.
Looking at the vulnerability/multitudes of human judgement in the wake of shifting grounds of justice scenarios, a formal/rigorous training in law/justice becomes a categorical imperative not only in government institutions but across every informal justice dispensation platforms.
Dr. Bartholomew is an innovator and advocate for our youngsters. LegacyED is an outstanding platform to keep us abreast on the latest happenings in education. As a school leader, I leave invigorated by the conversation. Dr. Young, I totally agree-"We are not going for program our way out of this without developing a change in our culture and behavior." Your statement is profound. Looking forward to the next segment. Dr. Nurdjaja
I think most of these problems would be much easier to solve if we didn't only compare the overall pleasure of the two or more outcomes, but also the overall pain. Cause I think less pain is better than more pleasure. Example:
Romans and Christians - With the practice of burning Christians the overall pleasure of Romans would be high as well as the overall pain of Christians. With the practice banned, the overall pleasure of Christians would highly increase but overall pain of Romans I doubt so much. So banning of the practice seems like the right answer. That's the balance he was talking about and that's how I think all of this should work.
Marizza Pia Andrade So in essence, 1 unit of pain avoided > 1 unit of pleasure. If so, we have to fix a value. This is where minority and majority comes in again. because to save 1 christian at the expense of 1000000 romans' pleasure wouldn't be utilitarian at all. Though i feel what you pointed out is interesting, the problem isn't really resolved :)
***** Hmm yes, it could be worked on, I agree. In truth it is really hard, if not impossible, to measure something like that on an overall scale especially cause everyone feels different. But through the combination of empathy and simple logic I think the goal is achievable, at least in theory. :D
right
+Marizza Pia Andrade
Clearly the Catholic church disagreed, hence the auto da fe.
;-P
but genereally speaking, more pleasure equals less pain. see, the romans had the gladiator fights for the same reason we have alcohol. without it the sociological consequences could be fatal for society. riots would break out, crime would increase etc..
His style is awesome. Even he is delivering complex ideas but audience are not getting bored.
Brilliant isn't he I don't feel like iv been sat hear nearly 2hrs watching him!
Amazing, love how this takes me back to my student days. And thanks Harvard for keeping the standard.
Anyone from INDIA ?
Yes buddy😅
Ahoy!
Hey what’s up Akshay Singh? Distant third relative to the one and only Vijay Singh
Yes
I am glad to watch the same without any advert
I can say that I am enriched today after watching these first 2 lectures
I find your classes extremely pleasant and interesting. As to today's topic, I think political choices are never thoroughly impartial and they are always made in the interest of a part rather than of a different part, when not in the interest of stronger economic groups. So, I think it is really difficult to circumscribe a public utility which is not just an abstract idea. The point is: to whose costs or to whose benefits?
Beautiful. May anyone reading this never succumb to narcissistic tantrums thrown by people and feel trapped by their familiarity. You know much better, you can choose much better. Reach out to me if you need any cheerleading!
I had fallen in love with Shakespeare when I was intellectual capable to understand his meaningful words. Nobody told me to like him, I love Theater.
High pleasure while watching these lectures.
This is great
very grateful to Professor.
Everyone should experience once in their lifetime to get this kind of lecture
I loved studying so much like life itself. But I was denied. Now my heart thanks harvard, for allowing us to be part of scholastic discussions. God bless you all.humanity is inclusiveness of all inquisitive of knowledge. The once more.
This man's memory power is just wow.
Great Gesture by Harvard. Sharing Knowledge Bank with researchers and students of Law . This positivity action further places the institute on higher pedestal.
i think shakespeare's plays are usually played to the peasants of his time? and a lot of the languages he use and references he use, that we had to learn, are easily understood by ppl of his time, so i think in a way, shakespeare was the simpsons of his time lol
so happened with Mozart, his operas were loved by all of Vienna, doesn't mean they are equivalent to the usual top pop chats
I thought the same when I heard the example. Shakespeare was popular culture in his time. In the same way, Simpson is popular culture today. I agree with Peter Burke when he argues that when the "intelectual culture" accept something in it own culture, so put it in it books, then this become "appreciate", or "erudite", or "desirable". If we go back in 16 centuries and ask to a scholar which is better, if Shakespeare's theater or a Greek Tragedy, obviously he will laugh in your face and choose the last... I'm not saying that's Simpsons are the new Shakespeare, but I'm saying that everything that's emerge for the popular culture received the label of "bad thing" or "pig pleasure" to speak with Utilitarianism.
Max Ma we clarify the pleasure in term. Of relatively because no one can see all the time Shakespeare or any thing. We can feel or measure it by means of one 5 another.
Not just the peasants ('groundlings') but the nobility as well. Which is why everything is said twice, once for one audience the second time for the other.
@Maria Callous That is very true. But Shakespeare was poor and un-appreciated in his time. His plays were shown at the Globe to peasants since the ticket in was only about a pence. There were no seats either, if I remember correctly. Just poor people standing around a round stage, watching some playwright's concoctions.
Only after his death were scraps of his plays recovered from the actors and people associated with him, and put together in the books we read today.
So while his plays are definitely subtle and include great moral lessons, they also include crude language and vulgar jokes. Someone living in the same times as Shakespeare, when asked if he preferred Shakespeare or Greek tragedy would most likely, first of all, say who? And then say they obviously prefer the Greek tragedies which were very high culture at the time.
I don't know why even the music at first increase s my heart beat .it's home quarantine 2020🥰
Oh I completely identify, you are not alone. I think we have become alert due to the toxic news flood. I had to pause auto videoplaying on social media, cause my heartbeats jumps at the start of the sound .. 🙃🙃
I wanna thank you for someone who has not given opportunity to further education like me I enjoy to watch this program thank you sir 🙏🙏🙏🙏
Simple economics problem already solved nearly a century and a half ago: value is subjective. You're not gonna be able to decide how much someone ELSE values a thing without a market for at least an approximated cost guidance--but there are no markets in murdered loved ones to help anyone estimate how much money someone's going to want for their murdered loved one! No study intended to guess how much I value my grandmother (as well as pain and suffering costs) is going to get that right--EVER! Multiply that problem by tens of thousands of people and you can see how crushingly stupid the whole project of a cost benefit analysis designed to figure out what killing someone else's loved one is going to cost you is. Amazing!
Well, in all fairness they award money in cases to people for their"pain and suffering". How exactly do you put a number on a feeling, in this case of pain and/or suffering? I'm not sure, but it exists and is used all the time.
Unfortunately and shockingly, there are twisted people who justify intentional vile and evil actions, as long as they get their desired result or intend on getting their result. Such as abusers who keep on abusing and bullying someone thinking the person will eventually give in to their desires, despite lack of consent, warnings of the victim suffering from suicidal thoughts and no intention to give in to the abuser. And abusing someone for your own personal gain, justifying it using financial means, cause you have nothing else to offer, only shows how shallow and evil some people are. They obviously don't value human life.
So it's not shocking that there's a small number of people that put a price on a life that no longer exists. The aftermath you endure cannot be calculated in monetary sums. And money cannot bring back time, a life, etc.
Theres a market for everything
Because we can’t rely on the market to answer all our issues neither to answer all our disputes. As soon we start to apply a system that was meant solely as a tool for goods and services into other things that are not equally related the entire process is corrupted.
amazing lectures I wish my prof were like him!! He went to my high school, Pali high. He's phenomenal.
युवाओं से अपील दुनिया को बेहतर बनाने का प्रयास करेंगे 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Thanks a lot. All these classes are very much interesting and informative.
damn.. this is so addictive!. i just watched the first one and even though i don't have time for the second episode i cant resist but take a sneak peek :P
His voice is so relaxing! I could listen to him teach all day lol! Would love to have been in his class..
the car companies didn't put a price on human life, they estimated how much they thought a single lawsuit would cost them.
if that piece of data hadn't shown up in court the jury would probably have been more leviant and the car companie's estimate would have been correct, they do this to see if it will cheaper to recall all the cars or pay the lawsuits, not if it is moral.
Exactly like I don’t quite get that either lmao this dude isn’t as smart as everyone is making him out to be lol
I wish i could have been at this lecture in person, im hoping to get into school this year to study law, i have a degree in communication but i got it for my dad, sad but true.
Not sad. Noble. Because, you are progressing.
what wonderful knowledge l can gain from these conversations.Thank you Harvard Unversity for these public lectures about utilitarianism
I would defend the car thing:
"Such decisions need to be made. A shield in the front costs 11$ and ads safety. But a 11$ shield in the back could possibly also save 50 deaths/injuries. And in fact if there had been 20 more cm. between the front end and the engine, for 800$ per car, 100 deaths in accidents would have been avoided on the scale of the world. A solid diamond roof would provide an effective protection against meteorites and falling pianos too, now that I think about it. In the end, safety costs money. More safety costs more money. Infinite safety costs infinite money, and that's just not realistic; someone needs to draw the line. Now I do think that their estimate was crude. 200K per death? This isn't a hospital bed death, it's an adult death. A lost of I would estimate 40-50 QALY on average. I get that this was 1970, and there has been a lot of inflation since, but I believe that Ford made a wide underestimation of the value of human life here. A single one of these adults could have made 200K in their lifetime, and we spend some 10K on the hospitalisation of patients that have only a few years to live. Sometimes more. I think that there is a big problem with the consistency between ford's analysis and the value of life as evaluated in the medical field. While I believe that cost analysis of human life is fair, I believe that ford sinned here, and should be prosecuted for it".
Question two:
"What I try to optimise isn't actually utility, sir. What I want to optimise is human survival, more specifically quality adjusted years of human life. No amount of "fun" creates survival or is equivalent to loss of survival, and in that way I do not agree with this notion. From another point of view... " _panem et circencis_ ", right? Bread and games. The stability of the empire certaily has a weight in QALY".
This is genius. Its crazy how many people including myself do things for pleasure like watch funny youtube videos or watch sports, conscious that doing other things which I like doing like reading books, working the mind are a higher pleasure grasping knowledge but still end up doing the other things which are more non productive for myslef.