Hyponatraemia (Hyponatremia) - classification, causes, pathophysiology, treatment

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  • Опубліковано 23 лип 2024
  • "Hyponatraemia is commonly defined as a serum sodium concentration below 130 mmol/L. It affects anywhere from 1-15% of hospital patients. Most cases require no treatment however with acute causes of hyponatraemia the effects can be life threatening. Sodium plays a critical role in the body.
    Hyponatraemia is easily classified according to volume status: Hypervolemia. Normovolemia and Hypovolemia. Hypervolaemia hyponatraemia is where someone with low serum sodium is fluid overloaded they have peripheral oedema or fluid in their lungs. Euvolemic hyponatraemia is someone with low serum sodium but whose fluid status is normal. Hypovolaemic hyponatraemia is someone with low serum sodium who is dehydrated and so they would have a fast heart rate."
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 151

  • @mohamadelzaim6218
    @mohamadelzaim6218 4 роки тому +205

    Was watching Armando's videos as a pre-med, as a med-student, and now as a resident. He is gifted at explaining things in a way that helps cement concepts. Brilliant.

    • @akmmazharulislam6011
      @akmmazharulislam6011 2 роки тому

      Q

    • @glorymurray1931
      @glorymurray1931 Рік тому

      cb. பிங்கன்ஸ் g. ஸ்ஸ் ன்
      ழ்ன்பவஸ் க்ஸ் டிபிட்வை v

  • @armandohasudungan
    @armandohasudungan  4 роки тому +117

    I wanted to clarify. Hyponaturaemia is incorrect spelling. I apologise. It should be "Hyponatraemia" or "Hyponatremia".
    Aside from the spelling the physiology does not change

    • @vitorferreira9549
      @vitorferreira9549 4 роки тому +1

      good video ! also "naturesis" is wrong :)

    • @TheAtheist22
      @TheAtheist22 4 роки тому +2

      You should strive to get your words right. Yes, physiology does not change but language matters. And so...another word you’re getting wrong is NATRIURESIS. You spell it and pronounce it as Natruresis. Thank you.

    • @kennyrogerwilliams7665
      @kennyrogerwilliams7665 4 роки тому +4

      Also, doesn't hypothyroidism come under euvolemic hyponatremia?

    • @IMChessMD
      @IMChessMD 8 місяців тому +1

      Chill out there buddy@@TheAtheist22

    • @TheAtheist22
      @TheAtheist22 8 місяців тому

      @@IMChessMD I can't. And I won't. Anything else?

  • @loadmyster1
    @loadmyster1 4 роки тому +24

    I think a few things need to be corrected for example, in hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia, RAAS plays a big role(not pointed out). Another is that Thyroid hormone is required to suppress ADH, and is a cause of isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia. I recommend to revise this video. A third is CKD causes isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia; in those conditions you are not able to produce dilute urine and therefore lose salt
    I am a great fan of all your videos and lectures by the way. Keep up the great work!!!

  • @lf2com2000
    @lf2com2000 4 роки тому +4

    Learning from you every time. Thanks for the hard work!

  •  4 роки тому +33

    Bloody hell this IMO is one of the most complicated topics in Medicine... Thank you! I'm taking some time to proccess all that information

    • @ahmedelemam9754
      @ahmedelemam9754 3 роки тому +2

      Right? I have read this topic from different sources but some information is still confusing :/

  • @BeatrizSantiagoRomero
    @BeatrizSantiagoRomero 3 роки тому +6

    Sir, I've spent all day unsuccessfully looking for a clear explanation of this. Thank you.

  • @drhannibal7737
    @drhannibal7737 2 роки тому +18

    Thank you so much !! I struggled 2 hours just to understand the hyponatremia types from my college professor and you made it simple in a couple of minutes you just helped one more guy to perform in the exam tommorow god bless you

    • @Os_-tw4ot
      @Os_-tw4ot 2 роки тому +1

      This is really good but check out Biomed Sessions on this … they are also amazing! I feel like they covered everything you need to know 😍

    • @innocentzano8270
      @innocentzano8270 9 місяців тому

      😊

  • @ahmedelmahdi
    @ahmedelmahdi 2 роки тому +1

    great effort doctor , thanks for your time , your explanation is very clear and professional. I hope you find the light and the truthful guide

  • @deborahscheneman2051
    @deborahscheneman2051 2 роки тому

    You are amazing!! Thank you so much for all your videos! I would not pass my exams in PA school without you!

  • @aparnasuryadevara6011
    @aparnasuryadevara6011 Рік тому +1

    Excellent lecture, very clear and clinically useful

  • @lyats9905
    @lyats9905 4 роки тому

    GREAT explanation. Thank you!

  • @DRLOREEN
    @DRLOREEN 4 роки тому

    Helpful! Such clear explanation.

  • @I3l4ckRe4per
    @I3l4ckRe4per 3 роки тому

    Half an hour of pure enlightenment

  • @debbieperryman8215
    @debbieperryman8215 11 місяців тому

    Omg!! The best video I’ve seen regarding hypoNa! Thanks!!!!

  • @jamesjoseph799
    @jamesjoseph799 Рік тому

    You are amazing!! This is explained so well and in-depth🔥🔥

  • @bitterguard5233
    @bitterguard5233 4 роки тому

    Wonderful explanation. Thank you !

  • @namesurname8725
    @namesurname8725 2 роки тому

    you are saving my medical school one vid at a time

  • @jasminpanda871
    @jasminpanda871 Рік тому

    I am amazed how can someone be so clear in concepts

  • @som956
    @som956 2 роки тому

    what I great video ! l spent the whole day whatching it and it's worth it ! thank you for producing such a content and make me love studying moore !

  • @frankmaggio4328
    @frankmaggio4328 2 роки тому +4

    Thank you for making this video! In a busy ER, as a Nurse you can't always figure out why the Na is low. We leave that to the docs. Sooner or later you'd like to know why, especially when new Nursing Students show up asking "why?,why?,why?". This video had a lot of awesome info and I'll have to listen to it again but I'm glad a viewed it.

    • @Os_-tw4ot
      @Os_-tw4ot 2 роки тому

      check out Biomed Sessions on this … they are also amazing! 😍

    • @GOSPONASTICS
      @GOSPONASTICS Рік тому

      😂😂😂❤

  • @aamer7736561413
    @aamer7736561413 2 роки тому

    Amazing video. Easy to understand. Thanks a lot

  • @VioletFeelings
    @VioletFeelings Рік тому

    what a blessing of a video - thank you sir from a med student cramming for the IM exam

  • @theanonymous3872
    @theanonymous3872 2 роки тому

    Thanks . So helpful. Clearly and precisely described

  • @sharminsultana6928
    @sharminsultana6928 3 роки тому +1

    Great explanation!

  • @banafshehtajbakhsh9190
    @banafshehtajbakhsh9190 4 роки тому

    It is great . Thanks for your excellent presentation.

  • @sallymonabato4571
    @sallymonabato4571 4 роки тому

    Empressive ....thanks for this video❤️

  • @sabithad390
    @sabithad390 2 роки тому +1

    Excellent explanation 👍
    Thank you very much🙏🏼🙏🏼

  • @Kajalsharma22404
    @Kajalsharma22404 3 роки тому

    Thank you so much this was a difficult topic for me before I watched your video 😊

  • @IAmCrazyWhatsItToYou
    @IAmCrazyWhatsItToYou 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much!!! this was so useful

  • @rigrentals5297
    @rigrentals5297 4 роки тому

    excellent video, Closed captions too please!

  • @bakhshishsingh9172
    @bakhshishsingh9172 4 роки тому

    This is the best video on this topic

  • @Dr.BazanMckenzie
    @Dr.BazanMckenzie 4 роки тому +1

    Excelent Dr. very clear!

  • @delightmedicine7637
    @delightmedicine7637 Рік тому

    Oh Armando ! You are my savior♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️

  • @queenaqua6103
    @queenaqua6103 4 роки тому

    great illustration!

  • @subhashkumar-qj2vf
    @subhashkumar-qj2vf 3 роки тому

    one of best explanation.. thank you

  • @ashanihewarathna9549
    @ashanihewarathna9549 3 роки тому

    Thank you so much..very clear explanation

  • @manikantakilari9065
    @manikantakilari9065 4 роки тому

    Wonderful work thank u so much

  • @aphroditelymperopoulou1205
    @aphroditelymperopoulou1205 4 місяці тому

    god bless you! you explain it so clearly !

  • @basmagaber4984
    @basmagaber4984 Рік тому

    God bless you ..and help you in hard times ..thank you alot

  • @bhavithiranarumugaperumal2321
    @bhavithiranarumugaperumal2321 2 роки тому +1

    Sir your lectures are excellent..
    One small request..
    Kindly summarize the points you told.. It's better for everyone..
    Thanku sir

  • @johntibaldi9496
    @johntibaldi9496 4 роки тому +4

    How on Earth did I stumble upon this channel only now...

  • @AhmedAta-gj5hg
    @AhmedAta-gj5hg 2 роки тому

    Thanks for your efforts and time

  • @swethaganapathysundar8867
    @swethaganapathysundar8867 3 роки тому

    Thank you so much for such amazzzing content😁

  • @mohammadfadawi8577
    @mohammadfadawi8577 2 роки тому +1

    I have no word for describing this video, It was more effective than 2 hour-class in Med school
    Thanks 😍

    • @Os_-tw4ot
      @Os_-tw4ot 2 роки тому

      This is really good but check out Biomed Sessions on this … they are also amazing! I feel like they covered everything you need to know 😍

  • @SaraAhmed-eu3ig
    @SaraAhmed-eu3ig 8 місяців тому

    Thank u so much for this amazing lecture.

  • @kuukuakarikari9420
    @kuukuakarikari9420 4 роки тому +14

    I knew I was gonna get it when I click on this. Brilliant teacher 😊. You can break things down so well.

    • @imtheboss1826
      @imtheboss1826 3 роки тому

      I literally got it! That's why I'm here.

  • @fairouzghazi3093
    @fairouzghazi3093 7 місяців тому

    Just perfect ❤

  • @Leana99
    @Leana99 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you so much,that was great

  • @mharoonsarwar1600
    @mharoonsarwar1600 3 роки тому

    Great work sir

  • @muhammadrafiqi1735
    @muhammadrafiqi1735 3 роки тому

    Amazing!!

  • @M7mmad08
    @M7mmad08 4 роки тому

    Great. Thanks a lot.

  • @thanuyadav9014
    @thanuyadav9014 4 роки тому

    Very nice explanation sir

  • @PK-zj6ll
    @PK-zj6ll 3 роки тому

    Really nice explaination

  • @iamthesmallestgiant
    @iamthesmallestgiant 4 місяці тому

    Thank you so much from a fourth year med student

  • @alaasaid6138
    @alaasaid6138 4 роки тому +1

    u are genius....thank u sooooooo much ...

  • @carmenh4124
    @carmenh4124 4 роки тому

    Where can I purchase all the markers used in your videos?

  • @VIJAYAKANTHSLV
    @VIJAYAKANTHSLV 4 роки тому

    Worth to watch

  • @yorknew438
    @yorknew438 Рік тому

    thank you so much!!

  • @xacxoc423
    @xacxoc423 Рік тому

    U r lifesaver. Love u

  • @ayankhan-zf8td
    @ayankhan-zf8td Рік тому

    You are a legend ❤️🔥 thank you

  • @9000paperclips
    @9000paperclips 4 роки тому

    Knowledge is power

  • @TheAkaaChan
    @TheAkaaChan 2 роки тому

    Thank you very much!!!

  • @rahulnandiakachase
    @rahulnandiakachase Рік тому

    Thank you sir

  • @wingyi5752
    @wingyi5752 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much

  • @pearjamatumpleng4511
    @pearjamatumpleng4511 4 роки тому

    thank you so much

  • @aonguyenvan5158
    @aonguyenvan5158 4 роки тому

    Great presentation! Thank you!

  • @sharminakter2803
    @sharminakter2803 4 роки тому

    sir, please make a video on the topic of hypo & hyperkalemia

  • @AngDevigne
    @AngDevigne 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks!

  • @garciapierre3272
    @garciapierre3272 3 роки тому

    Love it

  • @majedalialselwi176
    @majedalialselwi176 3 роки тому

    U rae the best.

  • @susanclara6611
    @susanclara6611 2 роки тому

    You are best

  • @moazlaz757
    @moazlaz757 3 роки тому

    Thanks

  • @rabeea3822
    @rabeea3822 2 роки тому

    superb

  • @tamaratorres9146
    @tamaratorres9146 4 роки тому

    this video is not on the website ;(

  • @aysesevaldemir2845
    @aysesevaldemir2845 3 роки тому

    Perfect

  • @anurai2931
    @anurai2931 4 роки тому

    Nice

  • @crypto-couch
    @crypto-couch 3 роки тому +2

    In 2O18 I drank to much water and woke up and had a panic attack (think due to low sodium) ever since if my sodium go to low I begin to lose equilibrium in my brain and feel very ill. I also have an anxiety and panic disorder as a result of this event. basically my brain is messed up. Can anybody offer any advice?

  • @shree628
    @shree628 3 роки тому

    Tooooo good

  • @LittleT85
    @LittleT85 4 роки тому +6

    Thanks for the video, excellent work as always. One note though: pseudohyponatremia due to hyperlipemia only happens when measuring Na in serum indirectly. Direct ISE (ion selective electrode) methods are not impacted by this.

    • @chatanaya1
      @chatanaya1 4 роки тому

      ISE is the standard.

    • @truli91
      @truli91 3 роки тому

      there is a formula to calculate Na with glicemia, so you can figure out the real "na" value in hiperglicemia

  • @LionessTooShort
    @LionessTooShort 10 місяців тому +1

    watching this makes me want to quit nursing school before I get too deep into debt to turn back...

  • @r-reon11
    @r-reon11 4 роки тому +2

    Have endocrine and urogenital exams next week and didn't understand the aquaporins and natremia and the T3 T4 effect on heart in Physiology til I watched this video now I know all the Physiology
    Thanx alot god bless u 😎👌💙

  • @10KewlPerson10
    @10KewlPerson10 3 роки тому +1

    Wouldn't diarrhea and vomiting cause a decrease in urine sodium since the kidneys are still functioning and will reabsorb Na and water through aldosterone/ADH?

  • @adamaitalioulahcen5438
    @adamaitalioulahcen5438 Рік тому

    why in hypervolemic hyponatremia sodium level in urin is high?

  • @genius8036
    @genius8036 2 роки тому

    During recovery from anorexia.. a patient has symptoms of dehydration and hyponatremia but sodium blood levels are normal. What is the treatment

  • @Y_O_U_G_A_M_E_S
    @Y_O_U_G_A_M_E_S 3 роки тому

    isnot pseudohyponatremia term is only used for isotonic hyponatremia ?? and shouldnot be called for hypertonic hyponatremia ?? my prof told me that ......which is correct ??

  • @elliea595
    @elliea595 3 роки тому +9

    16 dislikes from students who didn’t pass their exam 😔

  • @chee.d
    @chee.d Рік тому +1

    How about Hyponatremia in CKD with hypertension? Na 123 mmolL. Does it need treatment? If yes will the treatment affecting the hypertension?

  • @starrynight3009
    @starrynight3009 2 роки тому

    why is the kidney not able to retain Na+ in hypothyroidism ?

  • @user-tr5ty8il3z
    @user-tr5ty8il3z 4 роки тому +1

    Hello!!! There is only one thing I finf difficult understanding . Congestive HF, Liver Cirrhosis cause Hypotension and as such the first mechanism to be activated to increase blood volume shouldn't it be the RAAS ?

    • @BlueSky-lc4gx
      @BlueSky-lc4gx 3 роки тому

      I think RAAS can cause vasoconstriction more than increase fluid volume in the vessel and what body do during these diseases is to compensate decreasing water that go out the vessels ..the main purpose is to increase water volume and make the blood isovolemic (return to normal)...just my understanding

  • @alicethankachan50
    @alicethankachan50 2 роки тому

    In vomiting ,if Na is lost as NaHCO3 (in an attempt to reverse metabolic alkalosis) ,the urinary sodium concentration should be elevated than normal ryt? But Harrison says in vomiting urinary Na is

  • @BlueSky-lc4gx
    @BlueSky-lc4gx 3 роки тому

    Why always sodium and water go together?

  • @ravikarki4261
    @ravikarki4261 3 роки тому

    Can’t understand u said on 10:18

  • @rajak3025
    @rajak3025 4 роки тому +2

    Like banana peeling,your lectures are crystal clear

  • @Mochi-hy6ck
    @Mochi-hy6ck 4 роки тому

    I thought kidneys have Na+/HCO3- cotransporter, so both Na+ and HCO3- are reabsorbed into bloodstream from tubules. This would help the low Na+ situation, right? The only reason for hyponatremia from vomiting is from the initial loss of electrolytes (including Na+) in the vomit, right...? :/

    • @Mochi-hy6ck
      @Mochi-hy6ck 4 роки тому

      Oh, so I think that the alkalemia caused by vomiting (H+ loss) results in DECREASED HCO3- reabsorption. So the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter is less active and keeps Na+ and HCO3- in the urine. I can see how that would cause hyponatremia...

  • @mesoforte
    @mesoforte 3 роки тому

    -emia, meaning presense in blood.
    -Chubbyemu

  • @user-rj3xh7hi4s
    @user-rj3xh7hi4s Рік тому

    o my God

  • @silverstarlight9395
    @silverstarlight9395 3 роки тому

    Why will the kidneys not function in hypothyroidism?

  • @vishali110
    @vishali110 3 місяці тому

    ❤❤

  • @hjaffar9822
    @hjaffar9822 4 роки тому

    cerebral pontine myelinosis!!! not cerebral edema
    Thank you Great Video

  • @yousofal-tamimi7816
    @yousofal-tamimi7816 4 роки тому +3

    Is it hyponaturaemia or hyponatraemia or both are correct?

    • @yousofal-tamimi7816
      @yousofal-tamimi7816 4 роки тому +1

      @@sayedtaha3809 You mean low Sodium not Potassium.

    • @SlanderMonkey
      @SlanderMonkey 4 роки тому +4

      It is "hyponatremia" (American English spelling) or "hyponatraemia" (British English spelling). It means low sodium (Na+) concentration in the blood.
      There is no such thing as "hyponaturemia" and as such the video title (*edit: and the drawings in the video) are misspelt.
      ((Low potassium (K+) level is called "hypokalemia" or "hypokalaemia", unrelated to this video, related to above comment reply.))

    • @sayedtaha3809
      @sayedtaha3809 4 роки тому +1

      @@SlanderMonkey yeah yeah u r right i got confused thanks for ur note