Russian Hard Sign | Russian Pronunciation Tips
Вставка
- Опубліковано 25 чер 2024
- Learn how to pronounce Russian words with a hard sign. Many foreigners find it difficult to pronounce words with a hard sign and don't see a difference between words that contain and don't contain this hard sign. The problem is in the explanation of its function in Russian words. Watch this video and learn a very easy trick to pronounce Russian words with a hard sign.
Gift for my loyal subscribers. Get my Russian Pronunciation Course for FREE (limited offer) - www.udemy.com/course/improve-...
If there are no more free places for the course via the link above, you can also get 14 days trial for FREE of my Russian Pronunciation Course on Skillshare - www.skillshare.com/r/profile/...
My official website with more useful and free materials to learn Russian language - www.hackyourrussian.com/
List of great resources to learn Russian language - www.hackyourrussian.com/russi...
If you like my videos, you can thank me by buying me a cup of coffee - ko-fi.com/hack_your_russian. And I will have more energy to make more fun and interesting videos for you.
Support this project to get more free interesting materials to learn Russian (even 1$ matters) - paypal.me/hackyourrussian?loc...
Download the ROADMAP to learn Russian language - hack-your-russian.ck.page/hac...
Stop wasting your time and money! Learn and practice Russian on the best Russian language platform - viarussian.com/free-trial-les... Free trial lesson, consultation with a coach + lots of great learning materials
"Hack Your Russian" channel helps you learn Russian language for free with lots of great authentic materials:
📺 Russian movies;
📺 Russian TV-series;
📺 Russian TV-shows;
🎵 Russian songs;
🇷🇺 Russian culture and Russian stereotypes related materials;
🇷🇺 Russian history, and so much more...
Our slogan is "Learning Russian language should not be boring and hard!"
Subscribe to our channel and don't miss any new free Russian lessons. Don't forget to check our awesome Instagram account for more great and useful tips to learn Russian language: Russian vocabulary, Russian grammar and learning tasks.
Learning Russian language has never been that easy and entertaining! Hack your Russian with Mila!
WANT MORE USEFUL MATERIALS? 📚
MY SOCIAL NETWORKS:
Instagram: / hack_your_russian
Patreon - / hack_your_russian
Facebook: / hack-your-russian-1074...
Pinterest: / hack_your_russian
Thank you for watching! ❤❤❤
Subscribe for new weekly videos!
Time stamps:
0:00 - 1:47 - Introduction
1:47 - 3:48 - Historical facts
3:48 - 4:15 - Function of a hard sign
4:15 - 9:46 - Tip to pronounce words with a hard sign
9:46 - 10:15 - Final words
#RussianPronunciation #HardSign #LearnRussian #RussianLanguage
You are a great teacher, congratulations!👏👏👏
Thank you
good video. Thanks.
Твёрдый знак был очень полезен для писателей, которым нужно заполнить определенное количество страниц😂 Спасибо большое Мила🙏😊
и для журналистов которым платили за количество строк в статье тоже Ъ был любимой буквой😄
😅 Тонко подмечено 👍
😅 Да, жаль, что его отменили. Студентам было бы проще писать сочинения 😉
@@SpankyHam Но это был бы кошмар для тех, кто использует только SMS для общения😂
❤❤❤
🥇🏆👍❤❤
Здравствуйте. Мне нравится ваше видео. И спасибо Вам большое.
🤗 Я рада, что вам понравилось 😃
And this [ye] sound is actually a key to pronouncing a russian hard sign.
That is why I told you that you don't even need to do anything in order to
pronounce this hard sign .
Because well you just need to pronounce these letters as they are.
In the next video I will show you when exactly these vowels are pronounced
without this sound [ye].
Now let's practice. Look at these two words :
Cecть= to sit [c' эc'т']
Sest'
Cъecть= to eat [cй'эc' т']
S"yest'
In the first word I pronounced this vowel [ye] with a softened [c =s]
[cist =sist ] ,but in the second word you can clearly hear this sound
because we have this vowel [e=yeah ] that stands just after a hard sign .
And that is why we need to pronounce it with a combination of sounds.
This is really important to differentiate these two words with a hard sign ,because otherwise ,if for example “you want to eat something” but you say
“I want to sit down “ ,this well it will be really funny for Russian natives.
But of course I believe that probably they will understand you.
-I want to sit down
Я хочу сесть
YA khochu sest'
-I want to eat.
Я хочу съecть
YA khochu s"ect'
Let's look at some other common words with a hard sign .
Oбъявлeниe= an advertisement
[aбй'ивл'э н 'ий ' э]
[Ob"yavleniye]
So in this word “ Oбъявлeниe” we have a vowel [я=ya ]
coming after a hard sign [ъ] and normally it should be pronounced as
a combination of two sounds , and as you can see I wrote it as [ye].
Why is it like this ? Well it's actually another rule about the stress
and about unstressed vowels . in this case in this word [Oбъявлeниe]
we have this vowel [ Я=ya] in unstressed position. So this is another topic and
another rule about unstressed Russian vowels . And if you want I will explain all this in details in my new pronunciation course where you will find all possible and impossible rules about Russian pronunciation .
Next word is:
Oбъeкт= an object
[aбй' Экт]
Ab"yekt
In this case we have a vowel [E=ye} and it's pronounced as a
combination of [ye] and [ai] .
Next word is:
Cубъeкт= a subject
[Cубй' Экт]
Sub"yekt
The last word:
Oбъяcнять= To explain{verb}
[aбй' иc ' н 'Aт]
Ab"yasnyat'
Again here you can notice that this letter
[Я =ya] is not pronounced as [yeha] but as [yehi] because it stands in the
unstressed position .
And there are lots of other important words with your hard sign like:
Подъезд=Entrance
Pod"yezd
Объезд = Detour
Ob"yezd
Подъехаить = To drive up{verb}
Pod"yekhait'
Объятия=Embrace
Ob"yatiya
Thank you very much dear Lyudmila. It was very interesting lesson-Talia
Отличное видео!
Спасибо 🤗
Thank you for this English lesson that you have made for us!!!! But, remember that it's a Russian language class, not English..
That's my friend a weird thing that can happen to anyone! Still, I haven't forgotten to put a thump up to your video; you remain one of my favorite teachers.
Спасибо за ваш комментарий 😉 я стараюсь делать свои уроки доступными как для начинающих, так и для продвинутого уровня. Грамматику и правила произношения я объясняю на английском, так как сама знаю как сложно в самом начале слушать видео на изучаемом языке. Поверьте, мне самой проще записывать уроки на русском языке, но данный урок больше поможет новичкам, чем продвинутому уровню. Но спасибо за ваш совет 🤗
Какой наглый комментарий.
The letter Ъ (italics Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic script is known as er golyam (ер голям - "big er") in the Bulgarian alphabet, as the hard sign (Russian: твёрдый знак, romanized: tvjórdyy znak, pronounced [ˈtvʲɵrdɨj ˈznak], Rusyn: твердый знак, romanized: tverdyy znak) in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets (although in Rusyn, ъ could also be known as ір), as the debelo jer (дебело їер, "fat er") in pre-reform Serbian orthography,[1] and as ayirish belgisi in the Uzbek Cyrillic alphabet. The letter is called back yer or back jer and yor or jor in the pre-reform Russian orthography, in Old East Slavic, and in Old Church Slavonic. Originally the yer denoted an ultra-short or reduced middle rounded vowel.[citation needed] It is one of two reduced vowels that are collectively known as the yers in Slavic philology.
Russian
Modern Russian: hard sign
In Modern Russian, the letter "ъ" is called the hard sign (твёрдый знак / tvjordyj znak). It has no phonetic value of its own and is purely an orthographic device. Its function is to separate a number of prefixes ending in consonants from subsequent morphemes that begin with iotated vowels. In native words, it is therefore only seen in front of the letters "я", "е", "ё", and "ю" (ja, je, jo, and ju in English). The hard sign marks the fact that the sound [j] continues to be heard separately in the composition. For example:
• сесть [ˈsʲesʲtʲ] sjestʹ 'sit down'
• встать [fstatʲ] vstatʹ 'get up'
• съесть [ˈsjesʲtʲ] sʺjestʹ perfective form of 'eat'
It therefore functions as a kind of "separation sign" and has been used only sparingly in the aforementioned cases since the spelling reform of 1918. The consonant before the hard sign often becomes somewhat softened (palatalized) due to the following iotation. As a result, in the twentieth century there were occasional proposals to eliminate the hard sign altogether, and replace it with the soft sign ь, which always marks the softening of a consonant. However, in part because the degree of softening before ъ is not uniform, the proposals were never implemented. The hard sign ъ is written after both native and borrowed prefixes. It is sometimes used before "и" (i), non-iotated vowels or even consonants in Russian transcriptions of foreign names to mark an unexpected syllable break, much like an apostrophe in Latin script (e.g. Чанъань - Chang'an), the Arabic ʽayn (e.g. Даръа - Darʽa [ˈdarʕa]), or combined with a consonant to form a Khoisan click (e.g. Чъхоан - ǂHoan). However, such usage is not uniform and, except for transliteration of Chinese proper names, has not yet been formally codified (see also Russian phonology and Russian orthography).
Final yer pre-1918
Before 1918, a hard sign was normally written at the end of a word when following a non-palatal consonant, even though it had no effect on pronunciation. For example, the word for "cat" was written "котъ" (kot') before the reform, and "кот" (kot) after it. This old usage of ъ was eliminated by the spelling reform of 1918, implemented by the Bolshevik regime after the 1917 October Revolution. Because of the way this reform was implemented, the issue became politicized, leading to a number of printing houses in Petrograd refusing to follow the new rules. To force the printing houses to comply, red sailors of the Baltic Fleet confiscated type carrying the "parasite letters".[3][4] Printers were forced to use a non-standard apostrophe for the separating hard sign, for example:
• pre-reform: съѣздъ
• transitional: с’езд
• post-reform: съезд
In the beginning of the 1920s, the hard sign was gradually restored as the separator. The apostrophe was still used afterward on some typewriters that did not include the hard sign, which became the rarest letter in Russian. In Belarusian and Ukrainian, the hard sign was never brought back, and the apostrophe is still in use today.
According to the rough estimation presented in Lev Uspensky's popular linguistics book A Word On Words (Слово о словах / Slovo o slovah), which expresses strong support for the reform, the final hard sign occupied about 3.5% of the printed texts and essentially wasted a considerable amount of paper, which provided the economic grounds to the reform.
Printing houses set up by Russian émigrés abroad kept using the pre-reform orthography for some time, but gradually they adopted the new spelling. Meanwhile in the USSR, Dahl’s Explanatory Dictionary was repeatedly (1935, 1955) reprinted in compliance with the old rules of spelling and the pre-reform alphabet.
Today the final yer is sometimes used in Russian brand names: the newspaper Kommersant (Коммерсантъ) uses the letter to emphasize its continuity with the pre-Soviet newspaper of the same name. Such usage is often inconsistent, as the copywriters may apply the simple
rule of putting the hard sign after a consonant at the end of a word but ignore the other former spelling rules, such as the use of ѣ and і.[5] It is also sometimes encountered in humorous personal writing adding to the text an "old-fashioned flavor" or separately, denoting true.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_sign
Было сели, стало съели.
Догадаться вы сумели,
Почему случилось так?
Кто виновник? -
Твёрдый знак.
Твёрдый знак нам нужен тоже.
Без него писать не сможем:
Съезд, съедобный, объясненье,
И подъезд, и объявленье.
Автор: С. Маршак
Даже я не знала этот стишок 😃 спасибо 🤗
Russian Hard Sign [Ъ ]- Russian Pronunciation Tips
ABOUT THIS VIDEO:
Learn how to pronounce Russian words with a hard sign. Many foreigners find it difficult to pronounce words with a hard sign and don't see a difference between words that contain and don't contain this hard sign. The problem is in the explanation of its function in Russian words. Watch this video and learn a very easy trick to pronounce Russian words with a hard sign.
Hello it's Mila from “ Hack your Russian” and i'm here to help you learn Russian language easy fast and with lots of fun.
In this video i'm going to share with you a great tip on how to pronounce Russian words with a hard sign.[ Ъ]
If you haven't watched my previous video on how to pronounce a russian
soft sign [Ь] I really recommend you to watch it if you have some troubles pronouncing a soft sign in Russian words .
By the way this video is a part of my new pronunciation course that will help you not only to improve your pronunciation and to sound more natural . But also to improve your comprehension and to better understand fast spoken speech in Russian. And I have a surprise for my loyal subscribers you can find a link to this course
completely for free in the description.
So now let's talk about a Russian hard sign. I know that many foreigners
find it really useless and cannot understand how to pronounce russian words with a hard sign if it doesn't have a sound.
And yes unlike a soft sign that I told you has a very slight sound when we pronounce it in words, a Russian hard sign doesn't have any sound at all.
And that's even better because you don't even need to pronounce it.
But before telling you how to properly pronounce Russian words with a hard
sign I want to share with you some interesting historical facts about the hard sign.
If you don't want to hear the whole story you can skip directly to this tip.
So let's return to the past when a Russian hard [Ъ] sign actually was a vowel just like a Russian soft sign [Ь]. Before the 12th century a Russian hard sign actually had a sound and it was a very short sound.
After time it was transformed into a very short sound [O] and it was called
[Eръ= yeah] . Do you remember i told you that a soft sign [Ь] was called
[Eръ=yeri]
Unlike nowadays, in the past a Russian hard sign [Ъ] had a very important function in Russian language. It indicated a gender of Russian nouns.
So if a noun had a hard sign in the end it was a noun of a masculine gender .
And as you can imagine there are lots of Russian nouns of a masculine gender.
So after time people started to realize that it took too much space in printed
materials .
So, for example in a very famous Russian novel “War and peace”
Вoйнa и миръ[Vaina I mir"] written by Лев Николаевич Толстой,
[Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy] they calculated that only separately this hard sign
made 70 pages out of 2080. Can you imagine it 70 pages only for this letter .
Well in the past it was a letter.
And in the beginning of the 20th century the Bolsheviks decided to get rid of
this letter year in the end of words, but they still kept it in the middle of
words to serve as a divider between letters.
And they decided to call it :
Твёрдый знак[Tvyordyy znak]hard sign[Ъ]
So why do we need this hard sign in Russian language ? A hard sign serves as a divider and makes a slight pause between two letters .
I don't really like this explanation, because it makes it only harder for foreigners to understand how to pronounce this hard sign that doesn't have a sound.
So we need to make a pause?
You probably already heard that there are not so many words with a hard sign in Russian language. And the good news is that in all these words with a hard sign
Are followed by one of these vowels :
Е-[Ye]
Ё-[Yo]
Ю-[Yu]
Я-[Ya]
Only one of these vowels and they are the key to pronouncing a Russian
hard sign [Ъ].
These four vowels Е-[Ye], Ё-[Yo], Ю-[Yu], Я-[Ya] are really tricky.
They are letters and not sounds which is really important to understand
Actually. And I will talk about this in my next video.
And for the moment I will explain to you how exactly they act when they stand after a Russian hard sign [Ъ].
So when these Vowels Е-[Ye], Ё-[Yo], Ю-[Yu], Я-[Ya] stand after a Russian
Hard sign they will be pronounced as a combination of two sounds.
Е-[Ye]= Й + Э[ye+e]
Ё-[Yo]= Й + O[yi +O]
Ю-[Yu]= Й + У [yi+u]
Я-[Ya]= Й + A [yi+ah]
All the audio is on the left channel.
Also, I had a question regarding your course. Does the skillshare money I pay... go to you? Or Skillshare?
Hello Matt 👋 No, you pay the subscription to Skillshare. But I get some bonuses if you use my link, and they also pay me for the amount of minutes that you watch my course 😉 In fact, it is a wonderful platform for learners because you have so many different courses at one place for a good price. It is not the best platform for teachers though 😜 but I just really like this platform and I want my course to be more available to people))
But if you are not interested in taking other courses on Skillshare, then you should better take my course on Udemy, it's a one-time payment and you will have unlimited access to it (link in the description)
@@hackyourrussian4091 Which pays you the most? I was about to ask about your Patreon
@@hackyourrussian4091 of course Im interested. I just want to make sure you are getting fairly compensated for your work and not having a platform take most of your money
Thank you so much Matt 😊 I wish there were more people like you 🤗 But really, it's up to you, as long as you use my link, I will earn the same. Choose the platform you like the most 😉
So, is theoretically семья and семъя pronounced the same?
No, because a soft sign makes a consonant sound soft (you need to add a sound 'ih'). You can watch my video on a soft sign 😉 семья - [с'им'й'А], while if there was a word 'семъя' it would be pronounced as [с'имй'А] - no softness for a letter 'м'. Hope it helps 🤗
Paka paka means bye bye?😅
Video request... 🙃
With Valentine's Day coming up I would like some things to say to my wife... 😎❤👰💍
😃👏👏👏 Sure, I've been thinking about this 😉 I will create a special video before the Valentine's Day 😊