Can You Reuse Mushroom Substrate?
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- Опубліковано 27 сер 2024
- Can you reuse spent mushroom substrate to grow more mushrooms on? I've have read you can, especially between mushroom species. So I thought I would trial it between two mushrooms varieties within the same family. Doing so could increase mushroom farming yields against the substrate volume used.
I used pink oyster mushroom substrate which has already grown around 1.5kg of mushrooms. I re-hydrated the substrate, sterilized it, inoculated it with Phoenix Oyster, and grew a bunch of mushrooms which weighted 650g.
Starting out with around 1.9kg of dry matter, I grew MORE than 1.9kg of mushrooms, giving myself a estimated biological efficiency over 100%.
This wasn't a scientific study by any stretch, and I am not claiming all substrate should be reused. The flush from this was small and of a lower quality. That being said, my humidifier had broken, and we were experiencing hot and dry weather.
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There's a bit about reusing spent blocks for Himematsutake on page 216, 3rd paragraph (3rd edition):
"Agaricus blazei can be grown on the recycled sawdust blocks from the end of the cultivation cycles of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), Maitake (Grifoloa frondosa), Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum), and other primary saprophytes. Turning the compost piles made from the above for several weeks and mixing with wheat straw has provided a satisfactory compost medium for growing Himematsutake. The net nitrogen of composted Shiitake blocks approaches 2%, near the target nitrogen levels for classic Portobello composts. The use of this mushroom on “spent” substrates from the cultivation of primary saprophytes is on-going for idealizing a sequence of mushroom species growing on the same medium."
And I think the part you remember reading is on page 274, about 1/3 down the right side of the page:
"The “spent” blocks can now be recycled by pulverizing them back into a sawdust-like form. The expired Shiitake substrate is then resterilized for the sequential cultivation of Oyster, Maitake, Zhu Ling, or Reishi mushrooms. "
There's also a bit on the last part of page 337:
"Spent Shiitake or Oyster production blocks (sawdust/chips/bran) can be resterilized for further reduction by Stropharia rugosoannulata"
And then the main part of reusing spent blocks can be found in the beginning of chapter 22:
"At our farm, I have found that the spent substrate generated in the course of Shiitake cultivation is in itself a valuable by-product. More mushrooms can be grown upon it! The mushroom cultivator can implement a circuit of recycling by sequencing species on the same substrate, resulting in the maximum yield of mushrooms imaginable. Each decomposer produces its own unique set of enzymes that can only partially break down a wood-based substrate. Once the life cycle of one mushroom has been completed, the life cycle of another species can begin on the same substrate utilizing its own unique set of enzymes, taking advantage of the remaining undecomposed wood fiber and the dead mycelium of the predecessor mushroom. After this second decomposer exploits the remaining lignin-cellulose to its fullest ability, a third species can be introduced. And so on.… I have been able to grow four species in sequence with this method. After several generations of mushroom species, the mass of final substrate is a mere fraction of the original formula."
There's more on it in chapter 22, but I'm not going to copy the whole chapter here.
Great video as always.
Awesome work Bjorn! These are the paragraphs I was after :) Thanks for taking the time to help out!
@@OakandSpore Having it as both a physical copy and a searchable pdf really helped :)
Noice
Thank you my guy 😌👌🏿🍄
let's say I get some spent lion's mane substrate, break it down, rehydrate it, re sterilize it, and re-inoculate it with, again, lion's mane spawn--would that work? or does it have to be a new species?
Growing mushrooms is decomposing on large scale. You basically are making super compost each time you grow mushrooms. When you do the multiple grows using different species, then you're adding all kinds of good organic matter to the soil from the mushrooms as well as the wood fibers breaking down into cellulose and carbon. Awesome video and great educational content!
They turn the used substrate into compost here in Texas. Fruit trees love it (especially my avocados) A small cone shaped mushroom that grows in my planter boxes have a symbiotic relationship with my trees. Grew an avocado to 12' in a 24" diameter pot with a weeping bucket design.
If you want to be less wasteful, put your SMB (spent mushroom blocks) to work for you. A SMB should be minced up and put in a new bag with fresh substrate by a ratio of 30 SMB to : 70 fresh substrate( whatever you usually use, wood pellets, straw, sawdust, etc). The Ideal CN ratio, the carbon to nitrate ratio for Pleurotus type fungi varies from species to species, but in general the ideal CN ratio for the fastest colonization times made in a study shows that CN 35 ~ 40 is best. To clarify CN 35 means for every 1 nitrate there are 35 carbon and to find out the CN ratio of your substrate there are numerous charts online that show the exact CN for different substances. Best of luck with your farm.
How do you make substrate from pellets??
@@laquitafox7765 People also ask
How do I make substrate?
Combine vermiculite or sawdust, water and brown rice flour to make the substrate for your mushrooms. Hammer four holes through each jar lid. Mix the substrate thoroughly. Fill each jar with vermiculite mixture to the level of the lowest ring band.
Growing Mushrooms at Home: The PF Tek Method - Mother Earth News
@@laquitafox7765
Making Blocks with Fuel Pellets
Gather the materials. ...
Prepare the dry materials. ...
Pasteurize the blocks. ...
Cool the blocks. ...
Inoculate the blocks. ...
Incubate the blocks.
He seemed to get a pretty good harvest out of 100% spent substrate though.
Very informative comment, Thank you.😊
6:56 😂 I love your genuine confusion and pause at your own words, Lol, you needed to take a second to think about what you even said. Been really enjoying the content 👍👍
Lol I was like WTF is a crafty craft-knife?
Recycle ,recycle , recycle mate , well done , absolutely if you can reuse the blocks it makes sense to do that with a lot less waist and at the end when it’s no longer viable to use anymore you got a fantastic mushroom compost if you like to bag up and sell as well to gardeners , that’s what I would do if In Your situation or maybe even use for worm farms bedding ,I’m sure worms would love to convert it even more , so many thing it can still do , awesome video Bud . 👍
I love that you conduct impromptu experiments! That's what it's all about! I will absolutely give this a try in the future! Thanks!
Page 337 in the Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms book. Going to attempt growing on spent blocks over the winter. Thanks for the videos and sharing so much information!
Interesting. I've only very recently come to mushroom cultivation and I'm really impressed with it as a hobby. The main thing I've learned so far is that if you can accept a few failures pretty much everything is either dirt cheap, free in the sense that it's lying around the house anyway, reusable or lasts indefinitely.
As a fellow (oyster) mushroom grower and clinical researcher I have to say I love these video experiments!
Thanks! mine clearly aren't quite research grade :D
Chapter 22 is what you need, but also page 22 saying
"Species succession can be accomplished indoors. Here is one example. After Shiitake stops producing on logs or sawdust, the substrate can be broken apart, remoistened, resterilized, and reinoculated with another gourmet mushroom; in this case, I recommend Oyster mushrooms. Once the Oyster mushroom life cycle is completed, the substrate can be again sterilized, and inoculated with the next species. Shiitake, Oyster, King Stropharia, and finally Shaggy Manes can all be grown on the same substrate, increasingly reducing the substrate mass, without the addition of new materials. The majority of the substrate mass that does not evolve into gases, is regenerated into mushrooms. The con- version of substrate mass-to-mushroom mass is mind boggling. These concepts are further developed in Chapter 22."
Perfect. Thank you so much!
I enjoyed, “crafty craft-knife,” so much, I had to listen to it five times. 😂
OMG I never consider this possibility... More research is needed!!!!!
Thank you! :D
Hey mate you have such a pleasant unselfish vibe. Thank you very much.
Thanks mate!
Improve mushroom cultivation (as in the channel) covered a research paper where they used spent substrate with different percentages. The bag with 50% spent and 50% fresh substrate produced pretty good result though 60% fresh with 20% used and 20% supplements was better.
Love the amount of prep he put into his video
Thanks! I try to make sure my videos contain useful information
apparently you can grow micro greens and earth worms in spent substrate! then use what's left as plant fertilizer...cheers to you, good vid, I'd buy you a beer if I was there.
I do like a beer! Or 12.... yea I've thought about using worms to break down the spent substrate, will try this year I think.
You are producing a very beautiful mushrooms! Great job man!
The second heating broke more cellulose chains that the first mycelium couldn't crack. For a real good bang add some wood ash to help the cellulosic cracking good time.
Thanks for the experiment.
I am surprised you got such good harvests out of spent mushrooms, I wonder if it would be best to do it with different species since presumably different mushrooms use different nutrients from the block. For example first an oyster mushroom and then shiitake.
I really like your channel! I thought this was an old video. And I thought I'd already hit the bell... I was surprised that this came out yesterday. Was never notified, great video and keep up the great work!
I just saw this after 2 years of it being out. Such a good experiment thank you. Would love to see more of this
Glad you enjoyed it!
before watch - I'd reuse it but I'll add some food into it first.
after watch - yup definitely will reuse it.
Great song choice at the end :) Thanks for the content!
Pulverize spent media, add corn steep liquor, add amino acids/peptone, add yeast extract, add horse manure, add worms, compost for a few weeks, and then mix with fresh straw/sawdust to appropriate nutrient ratio for cultivar prior to pasteurization = Recycled Supermedia good for 6-8 strong flushes!
If you treat wood with steam it will change it's color, the longer you put it in the darker it gets,
so it might just be a combination of both.
Thank you for the experience you share with us!
The one and only craft knife brand fit to you is OLFA.
Well not all the nutrients from the substrate just went into mushrooms its in the mycelium in the entire block. Just looking at it from someone who is just starting but have looked into for years. Isn't all that dead colony after sterilization also now food/substrate and nutrients for the new colony. Obviously there will be diminishing returns, the nutrients are still moving out with the flushes but I dont think enough to call it spent when alot of it is still retained in the old colony. Happy I seen this, I wouldn't mind giving it a go as long as it produces. When it aint, its food for the veggies.
Aim for a way to just hydrate while in the bag. Perhaps just setup 1/4 irrigation lines and make a custom 'needle' thing which U can sterilize and jab into the block whilst on the shelf. Oysters should shrink that block until it's the size of your fist. I personally see 1/4 the size of original block is normal, often goes to contam which I presume is due to out of balance nutrients. I base the hypothesis(out of nutrients) to what I observe of plants >> when a plant is new it grows and all looks fine. It might even go all the way to seed, but as we extend it's life farther and farther ... the symptoms of ' unbalanced nutrient profile ' start to show leaf color , taste , lame product and overall susceptibility to infection. Very nice looking oysters man !!
Great info, appreciate your work! Really interesting, was considering it myself
Thanks!
So bummed out...
I reuse my oyster hay substrate to re inoculate.
I'm just a home grower but love the hydrated lime process
this is what I am going to try. Any tips?
Just read that in the book as well. Really enjoying your content
Awesome, thank you!
I wonder if you used a vacuum sealer to make many smaller pouches if it would be more efficient that way
Hopefully you going to view this comment. I have a couple of burning questions:
1. How do you store SUBSTRATE that you don't intend to use anytime soon? ie the temperature and general environment and for how long can it last?
2. How do you store LIQUID CULTURE that you don't intend to use anytime soon? ie the temperature and general environment and for how long can it last?
Thank you for your videos! I love the enthusiasm you bring! One thing I'm confused by though- I thought pine was a softwood, not hardwood. Everything I've read about growing gourmet mushrooms calls for growing on hardwood sawdust. What gives?
he pay way cheap the soft pine pellet, and the result is almost the same, look at if todays video he make just a experiment on this..
I wonder what would happen if you put spent mushroom blocks through a pellet mill.
Great experiment! Thanks for sharing with us. I have some problem blue ouster bags that may have gotten too hot during incubation, fried a grow light, lost a humidifier during fruiting (damn you inkbird lol) and only have one bag pinning. May try this out with those bags
on inkbird you can set a way to not star if change the humidity a bit and also give a some minute for safte between evry start, can help to have long life span on the humidifier..
You could keep a spare humidifier block for such disasters.
1 kg of water = 1 litre of water. Fill a liter bottle for a kilo of water. No need to wing it since the more I learn about mushroom cultivation, the more I realise that it amounts to creating the best possible environment which means you eliminate outside variables.
LOVE the experiment! Thank you for sharing!
Thank you! Cheers!
Good to know! Thanks for sharing the success.
Thanks for this! Will give it a go with my substrate as well. Very interesting. I’ll try snd find it in the book as well.
If you find it let me know!
Great video mate thoroughly enjoyed this one and actually all your other videos
Subbed
Thanks for the support mate!
Thanks for sharing this. I might have to try this sometime.
If you grow secondary saprotrophs, yes you can.
Interesting. I have always thought that big blocks seem like there must be many nutrients left in them. I wonder if non-oysters might grow well on spent oyster substrate. Shiitake? Beech mushrooms? I also wonder if you add some bran back in with the spent substrate things might perk up a bit.
Interesting. I see no reason why you couldn't reuse growing medium over and over if you supplement nutrition too after three or four uses. Saves on costs too.
How about this experiment on straw cold lime pasteurisation?!
21 references to reuse -
Appendix 2 - Environment 8: Production/Recapture Open-Air Growing Room
Chapter 22 - Maximising the substrate's potential through species sequencing
The King Stropharia of the Genus - Stamets, Paul. Growing Gourmet and Medicinal Mushrooms (Kindle Location 7307). Potter/Ten Speed/Harmony/Rodale. Kindle Edition. Spent Shiitake or Oyster production blocks (sawdust/chips/bran) can be resterilized for further reduction by Stropharia rugosoannulata.
Other references
1 - Oyster section - In the course of decomposing dry straw, nearly 50% of the mass is liberated as gaseous carbon dioxide, 20% is lost as residual water, 20% remains as “spent” compost, and 10% is converted into dry mushrooms.
2 - Shiitake section - The “spent” blocks can now be recycled by pulverizing them back into a sawdust-like form.
There we go! Chapter 22 is what we are after :D Thanks Dean!
I think it’s chapter 27 or something, it’s right after he talks about indoor morel cultivation techniques. It’s only like one or two pages.
Could you use the spent substrate to seed fresh unused substrate?
Boom! Im now a subscriber. Quality content.
You're a GC Aaron!
wicked video bro!! and it gose so dark because the wood breaks down and the sugars caramelised making it darker , you cooked it twice , just look at the colour contrasts from 1 , 2 and 3 ;)
Yea man, I wonder what it would look like after a 3rd cook....
@@OakandSpore black!! lol all it is is carbon
the book is from Paul stamets, a big name in the mycology community. he's one of the maker of the documentary fantastic fungi
Awesome video. Much appreciated 🙏
No problem 👍
Thank you Sir! Greatly appreciated!
Question, can I use a piece of mycelium from a twice flushed substrate and put that into a monotube with fresh sterile substrate and will the mycelium start growing in that new environment? or does flushing destroy the myscelium ?
wow that's nice, thanks for sharing. We have a lot of Pinus halepensis in Algeria but I never tried it, now I will.
That is a good question, though is it worth, and what about the plastic waste
Quick question...I've been told that pine wood is too soft to use as a base for substrate for growing exotic mushrooms, and that a harder type of wood needs to be used. Is that just not the case, or is the pine that you guys get over there a harder variant than the pine we get here in South Africa?
Awesome video, by the way...reusing substrate wasn't something I'd ever even thought of before!
I use pine with great success! You can only try...
@@OakandSpore Awesome, I'll definitely try it out! Will be great if the ones here work, because they're super easy to get and really cheap, but finding hardwood sawdust/pellets/chips is like pulling bloody hens teeth!
I wonder if you just save em up and then at the end of the year do a massiv run
I liked the dubstep
I've seen a before where instead of a hole, they just let the whole brick out the bag. Seemed to double initially fruit amount.
Too many small pins, it gives you a decreased yeild on the species i grow.
Reckon you could use the twice spent bag once more? Interested to see how much nutrient recycling can be done before there’s nothing left
probably...
Have you thought about using half fresh substrate and half used substrate? I plan to do some experimenting when my farm becomes commercial
Great Videos too man
Yes I have, but it might take even more time trying to mix the bags up evenly and with speed. If things take to long it costs money...
I just put my spent substrate outback and then put a log on top of it because it was oyster mushrooms
Cool experiment
Thanks for sharing
Thanks mate!
Nice one Tom! love your vids mate. great learning. PS: are they size 14A unicorn bags?
Unicorn XLS
A genuinely good video
Thanks mate!
Thanx for this great video. Now you have grown two from the same family ( ostreatus). Probably an other species even bring more, because of the nutrients in the block which didn’t where consumed by the oysters. Sorry for my bad English. Greetings from the Netherlands.
Je heb geweldig Engels! Im an American learning Dutch. Beautifull language. Doei!
@@free2cavalier Dutch is like a drunk German trying to speak English to a Frenchman
IoI
How to avoid mycelium not growing on the bottom of jars? Top reasons why mycelium wont grow on coir, gypsum, and verm bulk substrate?
Honestly, I don't do jars, so do not know.
i love this guy
Hope your humidifier comes quickly. :]
So do I....
I’ve started using pine pellets because they are so much easier to get. I don’t do as big of a block though. Only 2.3kg.
How are your yields working with pine? I heard that oysters dont like to grow on it.
Oyster will grow fine on pine pellets.
Does sterilization heat 🔥 kill the mycelium? I thought we always have to pasturize the substrate before adding the mycelium.
You add the mycelium after you sterilize.
So I got the boxed starter kit oyster mushrooms and it tells you to lightly scrape the white off of the block under the X that I cut into the film me not never doing this before I think I scraped too much because now the mushrooms that are growing are only growing where the white was so did I do this wrong
there is nutrient in the mycelium, and mushroom waste is still food.
Might have to try this between Lions Mane and Oysters.... Hey, what do you call the hose attachment thing that sets the amount of water that you use in a single squirt?
Mix it with hemp and make buildings and furniture
Perhaps consider mixing the new and old substrate. You might use a ration of 2 old to 1 new...or 50/50...or 1 old to 2 new. Science!
Interesting, what difference(s) vary?
Keep going the good job. You rock
Thanks mate!
Can’t you use the spend blocks to colonize new substrate? Or does the mycelium all just die after fruiting, even when offered new substrate to expand to?
Its all contaminated. You need to use spawn thats sterilized.
I wonder if you rehydrate after flushes how it would do. I usually get 4-6 flushes by doing that
I would think I would also get an extra flush, but there is a problem of bacteria building up.
Do you have a video how do you sterilize the bag? What is the process and details? Don't you get mushroom mites after reusing a few times?
Mites can not survive sterilization.
what to do with all the plastic?
Sir
Hope you doing good please
Quick one
Can you mix mashroom substrate with soybeans and corn to feed pigs?
I dont know, potentially.
That may seem like a stupid question but why can’t you reuse the already colonized blocks to grow more than two or three times? Is it that they will be missing nutrients? If so, is there a way to inject nutrients into the block so that you can keep using the same bags?
The sawdust will be digested and nutritional value will be less. But you can still mix it with fresh substrate and achieve good flushes.
Any update on this video... have you started reintroducing your spent blocks or abandoned the idea?
Brought this up on a couple conversation threads and everyone had unique ideas on it.
hi tom, fa some reason im not getting notified on your new vids, ive recliked the the bell?
Humm, I'm not honestly sure why that is! There might be a notification setting within your phone perhaps...
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What type of steriliser do you use?
What kind of bags do you use for your fruiting blocks
like your videos, but wish your music was less loud and noicy... Halleluja... :-)
How much is the mist device
Guys pls help me, I want to know if you can use colonized mushroom blocks as spawn in another mushroom block
Maybe try adding more supplement. I mean with all this done, need you really but as MUCH new sawdust, when you could use old bags as filler?
no.. becouse you cut the bags in fruting.. maybe you can do it whit shitake if you put out all the block for fruting but you have more probably to spread contamination becouse you have to keep the shitake bags for the time of shitake fruting.. so you need to clean the bags.. and also you rick to have hole in the bags or they can be thin and brake in the sterilization process..
Amount of spawn used would be interesting to know.
I use about 1.5% spawn.
im sorry for thw question but how much do u make with your youtube channel and thanks again for your answer
Not a lot!
@@OakandSpore any estimates maybe in your country is not much but maybe in mine it is any estimates ill apreciated and when i create my channel ill link yours promise
holy smokes, that would be good substrate for rearing beetles...
Really? What do you do with the beetles?
@@OakandSpore I suspect the larva, meal worms for reptile enthusiasts.
also ants enthusiasts use beetles as food, and some have beetles as a pet (the giant tipe).. the world is full of werid people .. "whispering" : that they think bugs aren't cool.. ^^
@@OakandSpore makes them grow BIG! 😂
There are actually more people rearing big beetles as you might think. Beetles used for reptile food are usually zopophoba sp, they dont feed on decomposed wood. But many stagbeetles, rose chafers and rhino beetles will do.
You would need to ferment it for 2-3 weeks though...there are experiments at ETH Zurich to go full circle with food...wood - mushrooms - insects for protein - fertilizer