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The Most Popular Train, Remastered
In this video, we will revisit the Metro North Railroad, and explain it.
Sources/Further Reading
future.mta.info/documents/20-YearNeedsAssessment_FullAppendix.pdf
untappedcities.com/2016/06/03/the-hidden-history-of-grand-central-terminals-celestial-ceiling/
www.ctinsider.com/hartford/article/Metro-North-increases-Waterbury-branch-train-17297862.php
blog.tstc.org/2021/04/28/through-running-at-penn-station-benefits-and-barriers/
www.trains.com/trn/news-reviews/news-wire/metro-norths-waterbury-branch-remains-closed-by-flood-damage/
Pictures
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven_Line#/media/File:MNCRR_M-8_at_NEC_Port_Chester.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Canaan_Branch#/media/File:Track_7_Platform.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Line_(Metro-North)#/media/File:Metro-North_Hudson_Line.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal#/media/File:GCT_Aerial-Untapped_New_York-Michelle_Young.jpg
www.pexels.com/video/grand-central-new-york-26921689/
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal#/media/File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pascack_Valley_Line#/media/File:20220905_181226_NJT_GP40_4213.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_White_Plains_station#/media/File:North_White_Plains_train_station.JPG
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Plains_station#/media/File:Train_Station_in_the_City_of_White_Plains_closeup.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dempster_station#/media/File:Looking_south_at_Dempster_(Purple)_(50003147857).jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_station#/media/File:Southeast_train_station.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croton%E2%80%93Harmon_station#/media/File:Croton-Harmon_platform_view.jpg
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamford_Transportation_Center#/media/File:Center_tracks_and_train_at_Stamford_station,_September_2018.JPG
Переглядів: 10 383

Відео

Should the G be Extended to Forest Hills?
Переглядів 10 тис.Місяць тому
The G extension back to Forest Hills is one of the most popular proposals, both among politicians and railfanners. So let's see whether this extension is justified. Sources/Further Reading queenseagle.com/all/2024/1/27/local-pols-want-g-train-restored-to-former-queens-glory abc7ny.com/subway-on-time-data-nyc/14109316/ onthemap.ces.census.gov/ www.google.com/books/edition/_/ed43AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gb...
Future of the NYC Subway to 2050
Переглядів 13 тис.Місяць тому
In this video, we will go over the future of the NYC Subway. Music Song: Elektronomia x Lunaar x Donna Tella - Champions [NCS Release] Music provided by NoCopyrightSounds Free Download/Stream: NCS.io/Champions Watch: youtu.be/ Sources G Train Shutdown: new.mta.info/article/service-changes-g-line-summer-2024 Brighton Line Improvements: new.mta.info/press-release/mta-details-upgrades-church-av-su...
The Infrastructure Behind NYC's Biggest Borough, Explained
Переглядів 8 тис.Місяць тому
In this video, we will talk about the infrastructure that makes up Queens. Sources www.nycsubway.org/wiki/Main_Page www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/lirrcontents.htm Pictures pastebin.com/YAkdexbh
The True Replacement to the Z Train
Переглядів 11 тис.Місяць тому
In this video, we will discuss ways to replace the Z train. Sources/Further Reading www.vanshnookenraggen.com/_index/2024/02/eastern-promises-expanding-the-j-m-and-l-trains/ onthemap.ces.census.gov www.brownstoner.com/development/herkimer-williams-rezoning-ocean-hill-broadway-junction-totem-application/ ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2024/03/14/queensway-project-gets-a 117-million-boost-from-fed...
The Most Popular Train in NYC, Explained
Переглядів 42 тис.Місяць тому
Again, this is my attempt to explain the second out of three commuter railroads in NYC. Let me know if there are any inaccuracies. Sources new.mta.info/agency/metro-north-railroad www.american-rails.com/mncw.html new.mta.info/document/131801 Pictures pastebin.com/16bBRC1P
Riding Every NYC Subway Line and Rating it | BMT Edition
Переглядів 10 тис.2 місяці тому
In this video, we will continue where we left off and take the B Division of the NYC Subway. Specifically, the BMT, or the services from J to Z. Pictures en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_Avenue_station#/media/File:Wilson_Av_lower_platform_vc.jpg
What can US Transit Do With the Military Budget?
Переглядів 58 тис.2 місяці тому
In this video, we will go over what US Transit can do with the Military Budget. Effective Transit Alliance Study on Reducing Costs transitcosts.com/Final-Report/ Cost Breakdown/Sources/Pictures pastebin.com/iBbduu9Y Introduction 0:00 Get Costs Down 0:31 NYC 2:31 Washington DC 16:12 Boston 21:58 Philadelphia 29:06 Other 34:51 Conclusion 36:01
It is Time For a Change
Переглядів 2,8 тис.2 місяці тому
This channel will be now be Joint Transit Association. Other than that, nothing else will change.
The Busiest Railroad in North America, Explained
Переглядів 136 тис.3 місяці тому
This is my attempt to explain the LIRR. Let me know if there are any inaccuracies. Videos LIRR Wading River Branch: ua-cam.com/video/1FUxv2YL1wk/v-deo.html West Hempstead Branch to Mineola: ua-cam.com/video/EaxurM0CV4k/v-deo.html Lower Montauk Branch: ua-cam.com/video/4XU2zYMIy_o/v-deo.html Sources/Further Reading www.trainsarefun.com/lirr/lirrcontents.htm new.mta.info/agency/long-island-rail-r...
Low Priority Projects that the NYC Subway Should Do
Переглядів 26 тис.3 місяці тому
Low Priority Projects that the NYC Subway Should Do
Deinterlining Second Ave
Переглядів 20 тис.3 місяці тому
Deinterlining Second Ave
Should NYC Build Median Highway Lines?
Переглядів 38 тис.3 місяці тому
Should NYC Build Median Highway Lines?
How Not to Design a Train Line
Переглядів 9 тис.4 місяці тому
How Not to Design a Train Line
What if the IND Second System was Built?
Переглядів 13 тис.4 місяці тому
What if the IND Second System was Built?
CTA Dan Ryan Branch Extension | Lines That Never Were
Переглядів 10 тис.4 місяці тому
CTA Dan Ryan Branch Extension | Lines That Never Were
Righting an Old CTA Wrong
Переглядів 7 тис.5 місяців тому
Righting an Old CTA Wrong
Where is the Brooklyn Queens Border?
Переглядів 32 тис.5 місяців тому
Where is the Brooklyn Queens Border?
It is Not Over
Переглядів 10 тис.6 місяців тому
It is Not Over
This is Not An April Fools Joke
Переглядів 6 тис.6 місяців тому
This is Not An April Fools Joke
The F and M Swap is Good, Actually
Переглядів 33 тис.6 місяців тому
The F and M Swap is Good, Actually
Why the 7 is Great (and QBL isn't)
Переглядів 27 тис.6 місяців тому
Why the 7 is Great (and QBL isn't)
The Missing Link in Chicago Transit
Переглядів 64 тис.7 місяців тому
The Missing Link in Chicago Transit
Secrets of the Chicago L Part 3
Переглядів 9 тис.7 місяців тому
Secrets of the Chicago L Part 3
How a Subway Company Built More Roads
Переглядів 9 тис.8 місяців тому
How a Subway Company Built More Roads
Why NYC's Geography is Weirder Than You Think
Переглядів 126 тис.8 місяців тому
Why NYC's Geography is Weirder Than You Think
What is going on? | Current Transit News
Переглядів 10 тис.8 місяців тому
What is going on? | Current Transit News
These Transit Events will Happen in 2024
Переглядів 26 тис.9 місяців тому
These Transit Events will Happen in 2024
When Deinterlining Collides with Reality
Переглядів 31 тис.9 місяців тому
When Deinterlining Collides with Reality
The Truth About the Queens Bus Redesign
Переглядів 7 тис.9 місяців тому
The Truth About the Queens Bus Redesign

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @TMD3453
    @TMD3453 5 годин тому

    Love this topic. Chicago has gotten a couple though I don’t know about fault lines. Cheers

  • @shadowtoad95
    @shadowtoad95 22 години тому

    Honestly, I kinda prefer the current configuration more, especially if the L extends northwards to 72nd Street via 10th/Amsterdam Avenue.

  • @shadowtoad95
    @shadowtoad95 23 години тому

    For Southeast Queens, I am thinking, “Why not both?” The E can use the 1968 Plan for Action to head to Locus Manor, and the J can use the new alignment to 230th Street. Like to hear your thoughts on this.

  • @WoolfDominic-w2h
    @WoolfDominic-w2h 2 дні тому

    Gerhold Motorway

  • @robertko5425
    @robertko5425 2 дні тому

    Thats one good reason why no subway line was ever built along 125 Street in Manhattan. The proposed 2nd Av Line to 125 Street & Lex can be a very difficult task to build as well, because of what you said on this short but very informative video. The original plan was to connect the 2 Av Line with the existing IRT Pelham Bay Park Line @ 3 Av & 138 Street all the way to Pelham Bay Park, with a very short extension into Co-op City from there as well. Also, a punch of a hole in the wall slightly north of Hunts Point Av would bring the Dyre Ave Line into the 2 Av Line as well. However, this may be done when we are all no longer alive to see it in the distant future. This would free-up space on the overcrowded IRT Lexington Av Line, so that it now only has to deal with the Woodlawn Line and the White Plains Road Line , and would smooth out the operation of same as well.

  • @shadowmamba95
    @shadowmamba95 2 дні тому

    My biggest issue with connecting the Second Avenue Line to the Nassau Street Line is the portion between Canal Street and Chambers Street. How would those tracks be rebuilt? Note that those tracks and switches are currently at-grade.

  • @DavidMarshall-f8n
    @DavidMarshall-f8n 3 дні тому

    Tina Trafficway

  • @JSythe
    @JSythe 3 дні тому

    One good thing came from not doing the IND second system. The College Point 7 extension and Van Wyck Lines werent built. It's a good thing because if those 2 places ever get served, it should be a vertical line that connects The Bronx to Queens crossing the East River between Clason Point and College Point. I have a route of this as a youtube short in my channel. A Laconia-Main St Line.

  • @carlmlavallierejr8367
    @carlmlavallierejr8367 3 дні тому

    The Utica Ave line has me thinking about Fulton St & Utica Ave, the train traveling south to the Kings Plaza Mall. I believe there’s a two level station under Fulton St & Utica Ave, not sure how it goes in either direction!!!!!

  • @nickberis1249
    @nickberis1249 3 дні тому

    Wait a minute you are mentioning the K train bringing it's back? or is this an old video

  • @HabakkukBaird
    @HabakkukBaird 3 дні тому

    620 Pfeffer Field

  • @Amiri_Francis
    @Amiri_Francis 3 дні тому

    This is the unfortunate reality of the MTA. Ever heard of the type of person who will only do something when backed into a corner and left with no other choice? Yeah they best summarize the MTA! This temporary reroute of the F train to 53rd Street was not done as a “pilot program” to see how beneficial and so much better the queens Blvd express would operate but as a “necessity” due to the 63rd Street closure for rebuilding. The MTA has declined to a state where they will only truly make changes to the system as a “last resort” when there’s literally no other option or alternative left, wanna a prime example of this? Look no further to when the MTA rerouted the M train to 6th Avenue in June 2010. Despite it being a high popular change and benefiting for many people on the BMT Myrtle Avenue line and BMT Jamaica line thanks to it giving those passengers a one seat ride to midtown Manhattan and reducing crowding on the L train and the Delaney Street Essex Street station by providing a much needed alternative to that commute it wasn’t done because of an “actual planned improvement” for the M train and to an extent the BMT Eastern Division, nor was it done because the MTA was actually “interested in improving accessibility to midtown in Williamsburg, Bushwick, Ridgewood and Myrtle Avenue, but the actual and only true motive was due to the infamous Budget crisis that occurred thought out the late 2000s and early 2010s which resulted in many Bus routes being eliminated in June 2010 and the M train was rerouted to 6th Avenue because it was viewed as a “necessity” to replaced the axed V train route that got discontinued due to these budget cuts in June 2010. Literally this is enough proof that the MTA is just shortsighted! They were fully aware on how many people on the M train route preferred midtown service over Nassau Street station and they were all fully aware on how critical, dire and even dangerous the crowding levels situation on Delaney Street Essex street was due to huge amounts of passengers transferring to the F train for 6th Avenue service. Many transit advocates have advocated and called for the restoration of the IND 6th Avenue and BMT Nassau Street line Chyristie Street connection, the simple fact that it was only because of financial constraints and financial issues the MTA finally even considered and approved the M trains reroute to midtown Manhattan and 6th Avenue shows how ridiculous this is, like why the hell didn’t the MTA though of this and did this change earlier? A damn shame that the one opportunity to increase service frequency was thrown straight in the trash. And it was honestly the only Deinterlining that I actually supported HELL it’s “barely even deinterlining” it’s more or less just a “sorta service adjustment”. Once again really disappointed with this decision

  • @Roundedlime806
    @Roundedlime806 3 дні тому

    Did you know it can rain in any city? Did you know when a rock falls it hits the ground?

  • @spuds6423
    @spuds6423 3 дні тому

    When you live on some of the oldest rocks in the world, you are going to have some of the bigger Earthquakes ever

  • @chopperskier
    @chopperskier 3 дні тому

    There is a major fault line running right up, and probably helped cause the Hudson River. When I was in college (Potsdam) in the late 90's/early 2000's, there was a 6 something on the Richter Scale in Plattsburgh that we felt in Potsdam. Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant (now closed, but has the material been removed? I just don't know) sits right on the Hudson just north of NYC- 8% of the US population lives within 50 miles of this former Nuclear Power Plant. Again, has the fissionable material been removed from the site for storage at a safer site?

    • @spuds6423
      @spuds6423 3 дні тому

      That would be the Ramapo Fault...it heads Northeast into Westchester County towards Danbury CT.

  • @Hypestrike1
    @Hypestrike1 3 дні тому

    The 125th Street fault line is another reason I don't recommend a crosstown extension of the SAS goes any further than St. Nicholas Avenue.

  • @ianhardy9375
    @ianhardy9375 4 дні тому

    I would say revive the South 4th Street subway plan where one branch would be built as four tracks along Flushing Avenue and into Horace Harding Blvd (today's LIE) to serve as far to marathon Pkwy which would promt to convert the Woodhaven Blvd on the QBL into an express station and the Utica avenue subway as a b division line which hits the areas including where the Jamaica line serve and includes transfers at three stations near it, plus it can allow the Rogers junction to be rebuilt on the Eastern Parkway line keeping the service consistent. It should include the eighth avenue, sixth avenue, second avenue and the Nassau service

  • @ianhardy9375
    @ianhardy9375 4 дні тому

    What's happened to your audio?

  • @xpdev0
    @xpdev0 4 дні тому

    63rd on the Red Line needs a transfer to the Green Line, since this is another East 180th Street situation where the (2 - Broadway 7th Avenue) & (5 - Lexington Avenue) - IRT, split off to their own terminals (Wakefield 241st Street & Eastchester Dyre Avenue) without any free transfers to either of them, the same happens here in Chicago but with the Red & Green Lines, with the Green Line having 2 Branches after Garfield & the Red only having one branch

  • @justarandomchannelonyt
    @justarandomchannelonyt 4 дні тому

    We had an earthquake in april, 2024

  • @josephrosner905
    @josephrosner905 4 дні тому

    yes it can just look at april 5 2024

  • @BMTEnjoyer160
    @BMTEnjoyer160 4 дні тому

    Small earthquakes, like the 2.1 Earthquake in Astoria happened, so yes NYC can get earthquakes

  • @adrianwitzburg4140
    @adrianwitzburg4140 4 дні тому

    So that’s the reason that 125th st on the 1 is elevated

    • @ECRALSE40LPS
      @ECRALSE40LPS 4 дні тому

      That also explains why the 125 St crosstown line goes to City College.

  • @ianhardy9375
    @ianhardy9375 4 дні тому

    None of the earthquakes that in NYC are threatening, only minor. Two, there were more than two earthquakes than the ones you mentioned

  • @jamespate91372
    @jamespate91372 4 дні тому

    I live in Iowa. We have had earthquaks and more than once. We live close to the new madred fault line.

  • @harlander-harpy
    @harlander-harpy 5 днів тому

    You can build highway stations to be substantially less awful than the ones in CHI, PDX, and LA Seattle has a number of highway median express bus stations and a number of link stations are right next to the highway and they don't suck to stand in because we have figured out this neat thing called noise protection

  • @LloydElvis-m2n
    @LloydElvis-m2n 5 днів тому

    Fadel Gardens

  • @jeffreymcurtis
    @jeffreymcurtis 5 днів тому

    Are you aware of how steep a hill Victory Blvd from bay St to Forest Ave on Staten Island is? Also, Tompkinsville is near the river.

    • @jointransitassociation
      @jointransitassociation 4 дні тому

      That's why we use deep bore and not cut and cover. Deep bore isn't expensive if used right, like in Paris and London.

  • @thevannmann
    @thevannmann 5 днів тому

    Some cities can do it successfully but context matters. Perth, Western Australia, makes extensive usage of highway median rail & stations. This is because Perth is very low density but has enough of an overall population to support it. Stations often feature parking facilities and bus interchanges. These bus services feed people to and from the suburbs and the train lines along median of highways get quite decent ridership.

  • @malrofo
    @malrofo 5 днів тому

    Congestion pricing is be along with speed cameras and red light cameras. The city is banking on drivers still driving and breaking the law. The city built their budget around getting money from the cameras. If everyone stopped driving tomorrow, the city would have to start bolting pedometers to people and taxing steps

  • @nycli376
    @nycli376 6 днів тому

    The (F) Train should run the 53rd Street Tunnel with the (E) Train at all times to release the over crowing between Court Square Long Island City 23th Street Station in Queens and 5th Avenue/53rd Street Station in East Side of Manhattan. (E)/(F) Train's runs Express in Queens Boulevard anyways and it's 10-Cars of R160A-2/B Alstom/B Siemens from Jamaica Yard plus the (E)/(F) runs Local in Queens Boulevard on the late night service as well. The (M) Train's should run on the 63rd Street Tunnel at all times, and run Local anyways, plus the (M) Train's are only 8-Cars of R160A-1 from East New York Yard, also have the (M) Train run via Queens Boulevard Local at all times to 63rd Drive Rego Park Station in Queens and split up with the (E)/(F)/(R) Train's. So that the (M) Train should run on the Rockaway Beach Branch to meet up with the (A) Train to replace The Rockaway Park Shuttle Train to The Rockaway's so that people that want to go to The Rockaway's and Queens Center Mall instead of taking the Q52/Q53 SBS, which isn't enough, so that people don't have to wait for hours. That's why QueensLink is there hopefully the future for the 6th Avenue (M) Train.

  • @1kCam05
    @1kCam05 6 днів тому

    wait, 16 minutes isn’t frequent for a train???

  • @nycli376
    @nycli376 6 днів тому

    My thoughts for the Southeast Queens for the (E) Train should be extend to Rosedale Francis Lewis Boulevard Station to connect to the LIRR and the Green Acres Mall including the residents. Rosedale Francis Lewis Boulevard Station should be an Island platform for 2 tracks with the yellow bumper buffer block rail end. The M Train should be running on the 63rd Street Tunnel for Queens Link to The Rockaway's with the (A) Trian at all times. The (F) Train should run on the 53rd Street Tunnel at all times with the (E) Train. (E)/(F) run Express in Queens Boulevard anyways, late nights (E)/(F) run Local in Queens Boulevard too.

  • @Sam-lh4pw
    @Sam-lh4pw 6 днів тому

    Took the E on QBL for the first time today after normal service was restored. The train was delayed for 5 minutes before Roosevelt, then it started moving again, then it stopped again for another 8 minutes while 3-4 M/R trains passed by 👍👍👍

  • @edbacher2030
    @edbacher2030 7 днів тому

    I don't buy it. Back in the 60's, there were 30 TPH between the A and D, and about 20-24 TPH between the BB and CC. Things ran reasonably well. The reason there are these backups has to do with the difficulty of keeping to schedules, due largely in part to excessive dwell times at way stations. Passenger behavior has a great deal to do with this. I used to ride the E/F, boarding at Roosevelt Avenue, when they ran 33 TPH between 7 and 8 AM. Trains would come in, people would squeeze on - or not - and allow the doors to close. They knew there was another train behind. Things ran smoothly. Then careless train operators caused the elimination of "keying-by" red signals, which also allowed trains to run behind each other more efficiently. Finally, passengers will not tolerate losing express service, so you can't streamline 59th Street. That's a political reality. They wanted to run the #2 as the Bronx express to eliminate switching at East 180th Street, and there was pushback. Brooklyn politicians killed the F express service because passengers didn't want to wait twice as long for a Manhattan train at local stations. About 30 years ago the LIRR was going to implement new schedules that better reflected passenger demand, which would have increased Huntington service and reduced Babylon service. Guess what? LI politicians killed it. That's a reality. And I frequently use the 59th Street station, and more often than not, there are not those merging delays. An unfortunate reality is that massive changes in work and leisure habits have reduced the need for maximum rush hour headways on many lines, and increased the need for better midday and weekend service, which has happened. So merge delays at 59th Street rarely result in trains being stacked up because there are fewer trains needed. If every ABCD arrive during rush hours absolutely packed, I would agree that headways are too long. But the TA has lost the ability to run individual trains efficiently - dwell time is too long because they can't get the doors closed fast enough. They just keep reopening them whenever someone sticks blocks them instead of forcing that person to release the door. That's how it used to be. Now they're afraid of getting sued.

    • @TheRailLeaguer
      @TheRailLeaguer 4 дні тому

      There have been some safety concerns and population growth since then, at least during the 1990s when that Williamsburg Bridge accident happened. What was done in the 60s cannot work now, and even then, deinterlining here can be of big benefit.

  • @SunlightsHorizon
    @SunlightsHorizon 7 днів тому

    So nothing for any other borough except two that somehow get everything. Nothing for the Bronx, Queens or Staten Island but want to charge us for driving. How?

  • @zangrygrapes4571
    @zangrygrapes4571 7 днів тому

    This is an interesting video! please make more of this but for other cities like Los angeles, houston, chicago, etc

  • @williamhuang8309
    @williamhuang8309 8 днів тому

    Why are people so obsessed with one seat rides Literally every single other metro system in the world is designed with transfers in mind yet those systems work perfectly fine and with fewer delays

  • @jaedub85
    @jaedub85 9 днів тому

    I'm very late here, but your numbers on the 59th street capacity are WAY off. Between 8:27 and 9:27 in the morning in the borth ound direction, there are 17 A trains, 9 D trains, 7 C trains and 9 B trains. That's 42 trains going through the junction, and there would clearly be more capacity on the local track. NYCT doesn't set service levels based merely upon maximum capacity at a junction.

  • @qolspony
    @qolspony 9 днів тому

    I did not think of this, but there already exist a ferry service. If one thing that a ferry does well is serve shore communities.

  • @JuliusEsther-z7q
    @JuliusEsther-z7q 9 днів тому

    31153 Kaley Stravenue

  • @WilliamPalmer-nd2jo
    @WilliamPalmer-nd2jo 9 днів тому

    I understand the price to due it today would very expense, but the extension of the subways to the eastern Bronx and the extensions of the UTICA Avenues, and the line on Flatbush Ave to Avenue U should be completed. In addition the LIRR, ROCKAWAY BRANCH SHOULD BE REOPENED AND RUN DIRECTLY INTO JFK.

  • @ianhardy9375
    @ianhardy9375 10 днів тому

    Well, Hylan did study to become a lawyer and he was an effective one as he work his way up before he became mayor. As for the mayor position for two terms, he was a petty man who took the position to get even with the private operators, one of them he was fired from was the BMT and he made things difficult by maintain the five cent fare, prohibited construction like the Canarsie line from getting built or complete during his tenture in city hall. He not exactly the most effective mayor but he does get some credibility for an ideal for a municipal city own subway system the IND was made possible with the help of the Board of Transportation who put forth the plans in 1924 and the second avenue subway the very few survivor of the IND second system

  • @AfiyeaIslam-h5g
    @AfiyeaIslam-h5g 10 днів тому

    Lewis Gary Davis Charles Taylor Kimberly