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Cranial Construction
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Приєднався 23 жов 2022
Making Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)
It's a terrific oxidizer. Initially starting with manganese dioxide, potassium hydroxide, and potassium nitrate, and a lot of heat, potassium manganate is produced. Then oxidized with chlorine gas to produce potassium permanganate. The beautiful purple crystals are like no other.
If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com
Please consider supporting this channel by donating through PayPal. Link is above.
Thank you as even the smallest of donations helps!
Disclaimer: Under no circumstances will Cranial Construction be held responsible or liable in any way for any content, including but not limited to, any errors or omissions in the content, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of any content communicated in this video, whether by Cranial Construction or a 3rd Party. In no event shall Cranial Construction, or any name otherwise implied to be used in place of Cranial Construction that redirects to the same, be responsible for any consequential damages or loss connected to reproducing any of this video’s content, descriptions, visual aids, or instructions. Cranial Construction assumes no liability for property damage or injury incurred as a result of any of the information contained in this video. Use any and all information at your own risk. Any injury, damage, or personal loss that may result from the improper use of any tools, equipment, or chemicals, or from any of the information contained in this video, is the sole responsibility of the user and not Cranial Construction.
This video is strictly for demonstration purposes only.
If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com
Please consider supporting this channel by donating through PayPal. Link is above.
Thank you as even the smallest of donations helps!
Disclaimer: Under no circumstances will Cranial Construction be held responsible or liable in any way for any content, including but not limited to, any errors or omissions in the content, or for any loss or damage of any kind incurred as a result of any content communicated in this video, whether by Cranial Construction or a 3rd Party. In no event shall Cranial Construction, or any name otherwise implied to be used in place of Cranial Construction that redirects to the same, be responsible for any consequential damages or loss connected to reproducing any of this video’s content, descriptions, visual aids, or instructions. Cranial Construction assumes no liability for property damage or injury incurred as a result of any of the information contained in this video. Use any and all information at your own risk. Any injury, damage, or personal loss that may result from the improper use of any tools, equipment, or chemicals, or from any of the information contained in this video, is the sole responsibility of the user and not Cranial Construction.
This video is strictly for demonstration purposes only.
Переглядів: 2 265
Відео
Making Fast Burning Black Powder
Переглядів 2,9 тис.21 день тому
The oldest explosive known. The recipe of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur hasn't changed that much over time. But, the type of charcoal used is important, and making your own from red cedar is covered. The final product is excellent and burns very quickly. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com Please consider supporting this channel by donating through PayPa...
Making Sodium Nitrite (From Calcium Sulfite)
Переглядів 1,3 тис.Місяць тому
This time the sodium nitrite will be made using calcium sulfite and sodium sulfate, through the reduction of the sulfate, which is typical. This experiment is done solely in the solid state of both chemicals. The results are encouraging, and to definitively prove the presence of a nitrite it is tested at the end. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com Please ...
Making Calcium Sulfite
Переглядів 740Місяць тому
Calcium sulfite can be made without too much difficulty, which is good as it's not easy to find. Once made it will then be used as a reducing agent, in a future experiment, to make sodium nitrite. In this video making calcium sulfite will be done using calcium hydroxide and sodium metabisulfite. Doing this experiment using this method is a first as no previous videos or instructions could be fo...
Making Sulfuric Acid From Sulfur
Переглядів 2,7 тис.Місяць тому
The first step in creating sulfuric acid from just sulfur is to light the sulfur on fire. The sulfur dioxide that's produced can then be dissolved in water producing sulfurous acid. Oxidizing the sulfurous acid gives us sulfuric acid. A process very similar to this already occurs in nature. Active volcanoes are responsible. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction....
Making And Purifying Chloroform
Переглядів 544Місяць тому
The anesthetic chloroform can be made from bleach and acetone. But, purifying it takes some more work. After synthesizing the trichloromethane/chloroform, it'll take another couple of steps to get you that high purity for use in the next experiment. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com Please consider supporting this channel by donating through PayPal. Link...
Making Sodium Nitrate A Strong Oxidizer
Переглядів 1,3 тис.2 місяці тому
When it burns it gives off a bright yellow color. Sodium Nitrate is a strong oxidizer used in a number of pyrotechnic applications. It can be made using sodium hydroxide and ammonia nitrate. And, can be purified without too much trouble. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstruction.com Please consider supporting this channel by donating through PayPal. Link is above. T...
Testing Different Dyes While Making A Colored Smoke Bomb
Переглядів 1 тис.2 місяці тому
This video covers making a colored smoke bomb using a lesser known mix that has potassium chlorate as its oxidizer, and also includes lactose and magnesium carbonate. Multiple items are tested for a suitable dye. The best of these is quite successful, and guarantees to get a dependable colored smoke bomb every time. Even for beginners. This has been a long time coming and it covers all you'll n...
Making Sodium Metal And Using It To Make Salt
Переглядів 1,1 тис.2 місяці тому
This video covers making pure sodium metal and then mixing it with chlorine gas to make sodium chloride. Through a single displacement reaction you can cleave sodium metal from sodium hydroxide and retrieve it. Using this same sodium, and a highly exothermic reaction with chlorine gas, sodium chloride, salt, will be produce. Sodium chloride. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cr...
Making Thermite(s) And Thermate
Переглядів 2,2 тис.3 місяці тому
This video explores four different thermites and a single thermate pineapple/package. Specific metal oxides will intensely burn when mixed with a reactive metal such as aluminum. These thermites are known to easily melt metal. Thermate, typically used by the military, is thermite with added oxidizers causing it to burn even hotter. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconst...
Making Magnesium Carbonate (To Be Used For Making Colored Smoke Bombs)
Переглядів 7153 місяці тому
There have multiple requests to make a video on colored smoke bombs. It was great doing the research on this topic as difficult as it was. As part of the final smoke bomb mix, magnesium carbonate is used, along with three additional components and then the dye. As I did not have any of the magnesium carbonate required, it's time to make some. This video covers balancing equations, determining t...
Synthesizing A Flammable Acid - 100% Acetic Acid
Переглядів 1,7 тис.3 місяці тому
Pure acetic acid, or glacial acetic acid, can be made through distillation using sulfuric acid and anhydrous sodium acetate. It's also flammable and burns with a blue flame. Sodium acetate trihydrate, which was made in an earlier video, first needs to be dried out completely. This glacial acetic acid will be used in future experiments. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialc...
Making The Highly Explosive Chloric Acid
Переглядів 2,5 тис.3 місяці тому
Amongst the leading candidates for terrible and nasty acids is Chloric Acid. So reactive that just making it can be dangerous, and adding various items will cause it to explode. However, using a suitable outdoor environment mixing sulfuric acid and potassium chlorate to make chloric acid can be done safely. Enjoy but never do. If you’d like to contact me please email at: glenn@cranialconstructi...
Making Supersaturated "Hot Ice"
Переглядів 6724 місяці тому
Making Hot Ice is one of the coolest experiments. It's non-toxic, relatively easy, and provides numerous teaching moments. However, the simple procedure of making sodium acetate trihydrate with vinegar and baking soda can be complicated by discoloration. Through working with sodium acetate and testing its qualities for this video, I also came across a way to purify the discolored and possibly o...
Making Sulfuric Acid From Epsom Salts
Переглядів 8 тис.4 місяці тому
Making Sulfuric Acid From Epsom Salts
Making Nitric Acid Using Dry Sodium Bisulfate
Переглядів 1,9 тис.4 місяці тому
Making Nitric Acid Using Dry Sodium Bisulfate
Making And Testing An Atypical Explosive: Silver Acetylide
Переглядів 3,1 тис.5 місяців тому
Making And Testing An Atypical Explosive: Silver Acetylide
Turning Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (Cold Packs) Into Pure Calcium Nitrate
Переглядів 1,4 тис.5 місяців тому
Turning Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (Cold Packs) Into Pure Calcium Nitrate
Making Hexamine Diperchlorate Using Isopropyl Alcohol
Переглядів 1,5 тис.5 місяців тому
Making Hexamine Diperchlorate Using Isopropyl Alcohol
Making The Strongest Flash Powder Known By Synthesizing Potassium Persulfate
Переглядів 9 тис.6 місяців тому
Making The Strongest Flash Powder Known By Synthesizing Potassium Persulfate
Making Sodium Bisulfate From Table Salt
Переглядів 1,3 тис.6 місяців тому
Making Sodium Bisulfate From Table Salt
Making The Explosive Perchloric Acid (HClO4)
Переглядів 5 тис.6 місяців тому
Making The Explosive Perchloric Acid (HClO4)
Launching Rockets With Hydrogen Gas Using Citric Acid
Переглядів 7347 місяців тому
Launching Rockets With Hydrogen Gas Using Citric Acid
Making A Lead Dioxide Anode and A DIY Lead Acid Battery
Переглядів 7597 місяців тому
Making A Lead Dioxide Anode and A DIY Lead Acid Battery
Making The Oxidizer Potassium Nitrate
Переглядів 4 тис.7 місяців тому
Making The Oxidizer Potassium Nitrate
Turning Copper Sulfate Into Pure Copper Powder
Переглядів 1,2 тис.8 місяців тому
Turning Copper Sulfate Into Pure Copper Powder
9:27 u write K2S2O4 lol
What happens if you mix the urea nitrate with aluminum or magnesium do you get something like tannerite?
Nice gimmick, but urea is cheap if just start with 25% urea solution
Do you have another site that your on that dosent take videos down?
I love that lil finger lmao
Awsome man thx a bunch for this! Damn, this will unlock for me so many things I shouldn't do 😅😅😅
I wonder how much of that ended up as sodium carbonate?
Damn good id say ol chap fucks yea
Whats the purity??
If you add cold 99% purity ethyl alcohol instead of heating at the last stage, the Nano2 ionic compound will precipitate to the bottom. Since it is a sensitive structure, data loss may be high at temperature. But I follow your work with great pleasure.
Interesting idea and I might give it a try. Thank you
greattt works
Pool shock and brake fluid works greater.
That smoke will kill you though
Hey just a question, so where i live i cant buy any persulfate salts and im wondering if i can make it electrolytically. Ive read that i can make it by electrolyzing bisulfate with a platinum anode. Will the anode corrode and is it possible?
I believe it is possible and platinum will not corrode as the anode.
Awesome! Question probably a stupid one is it also possible to make potassium perm from just heating up those 3 ingredients and filtering them? Basically without all the lab glassware
You would still need to oxidize the last step with chlorine gas. Unfortunately.
@@cranialconstruction2218 thank you
@@anthonyrickardii6198 No problem!
Look @ all of those excellent drawings! You are so talented! 😊
Thank you very much!
Hmm. Odd. I didn't know MnO2 could be any colour but brownish black.
Typically it isn't any other color. I'm not sure what you're referring to.
UA-cam popped this up for me, it has been a long time since I studied chemistry but Potassuim Permanganate is one of my favorate crystals.
Not a lot of people know this (I wish they did), but soaking one's feet in a solution of potassium permanganate, is an effective treatment/cure for the repulsive stench and athletes foot caused by trainers. Sports footwear that was never designed for all-day everyday wear, which makes feet suffer the consequences of choosing trainers for just their comfort. 🤔😉
This is the most successful synth of KMnO4 I have seen on youtube. Really nice result. And great presentation.
Thanks! I really believe that the amount of water used throughout is key. Keeping it to a minimum.
@@cranialconstruction2218 Yeah 100% water usage is key. I did a pretty similar procedure a while back and since I was kinda just coming up with the procedure as I went, I wasn't thinking about how water volume could be an issue and definitely used too much. Big issue is in the final crystallization, where you can't really just boil off the excess water due to the low aqueous stability of the permanganate ion. I did end up with a good recovery by just leaving the solution out in a shallow dish under a fan, but it was an annoying final step. Anyway, loved the video! Just found your channel and I really like the presentation! Just subscribed :)
You're not fooling anyone, that's Black Goo, you're making Xenomorphs. (And the UA-cam algorithm placed it right next to a vid of how David made black goo in the Alien movies lol)
Haha!
Great presentations. Im a scientist, not a chemist, and you made the discussion understandable to many levels of knowledge. Love the instrument setup diagrams and explanation. I think your channel will explode.
Thanks I do really appreciate that
Love the video and wish I knew you in real life as you seem. like you'd be an awesome dude to ask questions when they have them! However, Either your oxidizer was not fully dry out or. maybe not ground well enough. Or lastly, the proportions or ratio may have been incorrect because that is definitely not the most powerful thing. I've seen from two grams of flash powder. I have some magnalium 325 mesh that I've mixed with potassium. chlorate, and it is Gosh dang. concussive When you light up two grams, even unconfined! I'm not disputing your claim of it being the strongest flash, I'm sure that you're accurate, but just, I think that if. whatever is causing it not to detonate Get resolved you're going to have a much better explosion!
Hey thanks for the kind words! And, your experience. I'm trying to find a way to put this whole "strongest flash powder" thing I've started to rest. I'm still working on it.
I'm excited for this one!
Thanks!
You have an abandoned empty pool at your backyard using there for high explosive testing just few grams why not ..
Make some RDX small amount and testing that with detonator , just use for blasting cap a sensor tube sleeve
Could you give a description if your using potassium nitrate instead of nitric acid?
Hello, I have seen most people distillate their sulfuric acid instead of slowly evaporating it as you have demonstrated here. I have some questions regarding this. Why is distillation more popular amongst people here on UA-cam showcasing how to concentrate this acid? And also how does one determine the concentration of acid? I have read through some comments and I noticed that you said this batch got up to 98% in concentration, but something makes me doubt that it has such a high concentration without being distilled. Please understand that I am not saying you might be wrong about this your videoes are amazing and you explain the chemistry in a very understandable manner, I am sure you have decades of experience with chemistry and I would love to understand how you came to the conclusion that this acid is around 98%.
I think you may be discussing two different experiments in your comment. Making concentrated sulfuric acid using two different chemicals is typically done through distillation. In this video I am taking battery acid (around 35% sulfuric acid so it's already sulfuric acid) and evaporating the water out of it to concentrate it. One is actually making the concentrated acid, the other is taking the already made dilute acid and just evaporating the water out of it. If you evaporate all the water out of sulfuric acid on a hot plate you will end up with 98% sulfuric acid. It's always the same concentration (98%) when there's no more water left in it.
@@cranialconstruction2218 hello, I greatly apreciate your response to my questions, i think I indeed made a mistake when posing the question about distilation. i was well aware that some videos where straigt up making sulfuric acid before watching this video, as in the case of oxilic acid and iron sulfate reaction. I may be wrong here but i do think i have seen a couple of youtubers that where distiling the acid for concentration and purification.
I want one.
Good tutorial. a couple caveats... I prefer using mineral oil in place of paraffin wax for 2 reasons., no heat or melting required, and creates a more violent or faster reaction therefore producing more smoke in my opinion. I've tried both, and both definitely work. Just prefer the mineral oil. With smaller cans like you are using I don't think it is necessary, but if bumping your can size up. you should line the can with Plaster of Paris, and after filling the mix in, put a plaster or silicone cap on it, then place your lid and drill as usual. Important - make sure you are drilling through the plaster or silicone cap, just like your lid. You are not looking to contain it. This serves 2 purposes., Acts as an insulator to protect your can but also increases the rate of the reaction from the higher heat producing more smoke.
Gotta try that
@@cranialconstruction2218 if I used a liquid paraffin, do i need to use heat to mix everything together?
I wonder how the first dentist was able to deliver the N2O to the patient. Doubtful that he had a compressed cylinder of it..... so.... he must have had a reaction going?? If so, which reaction? Yes, you will feel less pain.... but you also may explode. lolz
Haha!
@cranialconstruction2218
I have 500ml of 25% dilute sulfuric acid. How many ml do I need to boil to get 98% sulfuric acid?
Boil until you see dense white "smoke". It's much whiter and denser than the steam that comes off at first. When it happens you will know. Do not breath this in. Then cool it quickly with an ice bath and save. Preferably in a chemically resistant container but a glass jar if you don't have one.
@@cranialconstruction2218Do you have any way to test the acidity level?
My urea contains ammonium chloride aswell. Is it dangerous if u use that? Or do I need to spectate the ammonium chloride ?
Yes, you would. It would interact with the acids.
@@cranialconstruction2218 thanks. dont really need the help anymore tho i bought ammmonium nitrate instead but all of it is super wet.. so ill have to dry it :/
Very nice video. I am learning on Ascanio Sobrero and Alfred Nobel.
Lowest-cost source of paraffin: candles from a thrift store.
I'm perplexed how you got everything to dissolve at room temperature with the nitrating mixture. Used recrystalized, powdered KNO3 and 98% H2SO4. Needed to heat to 30c to get everything to dissolve. Maybe Duda lied to me lol
Theoretically of course
Interesting. It dissolved easily. Make sure your acids are unadulterated and at the percentage/molar concentration you think they are.
@@cranialconstruction2218 Thank you for the reply. I trust your chemistry more than the bulk chemicals I order. I did the synthesis again (multiplied by 5 given your quantities), I finished with 10 extra grams of recrystalized KNO3 given 500g of KNO3 input. this is NOT an energetic material (already got in trouble for that 😐), this is Urea Nitrate as a flame retardant for my son's treehouse. Video of the resulting synthesis on my channel if you want to watch
@@cranialconstruction2218 The sulfuric acid i get from a chemistry company always had somewhat of a yellow color and everytime ive tried to do nitrations with it it has failed. Is this to do with something added to the acid by the company?
Good work up! I bought sodium meta bisulfate for just this! Nitrite can discolor permanganate as well.
Cool. May chemical reactions be with you!
@@cranialconstruction2218 Did more nitrogen research and when I read about hydroxyl amine being made from nitrites and sulfites I was like oh oh! But I think that’s in acidic medium. hydroxylamine in alkaline medium is actually an oxidizer so it could oxidize nitrite back to nitrate. Moral of the story is use a slight excess of calcium sulfite but not too much! Like maybe less than 5% just to drive equilibrium to the right.
is that your handwriting on the whiteboard? that's SERIOUSLY something you should be proud of. I'd love for you to write out the alphabet in upper and lower case and make a font out of it.
Wow. This is not the normal kind of comment I get. Thank you!
@@cranialconstruction2218 truth! Would make a terrific font lol
So what's the video source on running the engine on wood gas?
The source is from an early 2000's Discovery Channel bit. They ran a 4 cylinder car engine easily.
@@cranialconstruction2218 Thanks!
Carbonise sawdust. Saves a lot of pounding to get fine charcoal.
Yes it would.
Hi Cranial Construction, Nice video and synthesis about curprous acetylide (Cu2C2). Just because many doesn't know, Cu(2+) also makes an acetylide when complexed by ammonia and when subjected to acetylen. It also makes an unsoluble precipitate (CuC2); but it has a different color and is not energetic at all. That precipitate doesn't deflagrate like its cuprous (Cu(+)) cousin and doesn't burn that wel. The complex of Cu(+) and NH4OH (NH3(g)+H2O) is pale blue solution; while the usual Cu(2+) complex with NH3 water solution is deep blue solution. In your video sadly; you had unpure CuCl as evidenced by its greenish color; pure CuCl is unsoluble AND white as snow (I have made a lot and it is easy as "F--K" to do) while its higher oxydation state cupric brother (CuCl2) is emerald green and soluble. So in your precipitate, you have Cu2C2 and CuC2. Sadly again Cu2C2 spontaneously turns into CuC2 and Cu(s) (or Cu2O or CuO) upon contact with air (oxygen) when moist (thus during drying) what deactivates its deflagrating ability. Just as a side note; the Cu(+) and Ag(+) tests where earlier tests for characterizing alcynes of the type R-C#C-H in organic chemistry by generating specific precipitates; brick red for curpous and white-pale yellow for silver salts of the alcyne. Those precipitates when dry are sensitive energetic compounds. If the H-alcyne has a low molecular wheight, or two H's like into C2H2; the salts usually display deflagrating abilities. I have 1000 ideas of practical unknown high energetic compounds of the type with high energy output (much higher than common acetylen) but this is not something for kewlies bombies (that want to win a Darwin's award) unfamiliar with chemistry and detonic. Regards,H PHZ (PHILOU Zrealone from the Science Madness forum)
Thank you!
Great. I Cannes show my father how ” professionals ” do it and finalt make blackpowder at home.
That's not fast. But it very fast!!
saya kaget dengan palu yang anda punya 😂
I'm looking for something that doesn't involve hydrogen peroxide. h2o2 is something that is restricted in many countries.
This is so much fun I love black powder you did it so good , great tastings 🎉
Thank you!
Excellent 🎉
Very well done! Can you make smokeless powder in a future video?
Nice work
How does sulfur help to stabilize the mixture?
First, it does stabilize the mix. I have made BP with only potassium nitrate and charcoal. It burns irregularly. Sulfur not only lowers the ignition point, but it ensures that the flame moves through the mix evenly. Insuring the burn rate is fast throughout the mix.