Відео

Thanks for the question. I reached out to a PhD student here at Virginia Tech for her advice. Here's her answer: For structure, lidar would be my go-to, but it also depends on what you mean by “fuel concentration” - if you don’t need biomass estimates or surface fuel heights, just percent cover, then you have more options. In the US, LANDFIRE uses LANDSAT Thematic Mapper imagery to estimate vegetation cover and type. Here is a paper that actually did use NIR to get fine fuel moisture (pubs.aip.org/aip/rsi/article/92/6/065103/992882), which you could pair with some kind of LiDAR to get structure data, too. For fire planning/monitoring in the US we often use a few different drought indices as proxies for fuel moisture, but with conditions in Chile you might benefit from high resolution fuel moisture data. I’ve mostly focused on terrestrial laser scanning - here is a link to a recent USFS GTR that summarizes a lot of the recent progress in the states: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs277.pdf. USFS has made some really big investments into this technology in the past 10 years because canopy obstruction makes aerial point clouds less useful for surface fuels. Much of this TLS research is being done with Leica BLK360 single scans because this instrument is really cheap, and a lot of the fuel characterization on federal lands is done via field subsampling anyway, so this is still faster than conventional approaches. I think the future will be approaches that connect aerial data products with TLS data, but I don’t know if that would be feasible to implement in this context. The BLK2FLY is also pretty cheap and looks like a pretty cool drone for the price - I don’t know of anyone currently using SLAM tech for fuel characterization but it has become really popular in recent years for monitoring forest structure in silvicultural contexts. You may reach this student directly: Julia DeFeo, jdefeo@vt.edu if you would like to continue this conversation.

Unfortunately, there is no definite way to tell the difference between a fox and a coyote, as they are both canids, and the scat looks very similar. Size would be one way to tell as the fox is generally smaller, but without having a side-by-side comparison, it is difficult to make the call on what is small and large.

Thanks! 😀

Glad to be of service! - Karen

Thank you! They've been fun to make - Karen

@giffenNaif. Thank you for your interest! The Va Department of Forestry doesn't not sell trays, they sell bareroot seedlings. Growers of containerized seedlings, such as IFCO, do sell trays but typically in large/bulk quantities. You'd need to contact these commercial growers directly to find out what's possible.

@GriffenNaif. Thank you for your interest in this. I'm not sure what kind of update you are interested in but this video may fit the bill! ua-cam.com/video/0Y289VsDK38/v-deo.htmlsi=9tjZ8VtRwSjlWqQD

@Hospehlosheph. Unless there is some data that you know of that I don't, I believe the research and most anecdotal data suggests otherwise. These trees are a preferred host and there is some evidence that while SLF doesn't need Tree of Heaven (TOH) to live and reproduce, their fitness may be reduced where they don't have access to TOH. Here is one paper that explored this: www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-95376-x

@ryangutmann6886 triclopry products of higher concentrations can be found online or in brick and mortar stores that cater to farmers/landowners such as farm co-ops. Please note that full strength triclopyr generally refers to a concentration of around 60% active ingredient (triclopyr ester) or 44% active ingredient (triclopyr amine). This is then mixed to a certain concentration or used "full strength" depending on the application method (foliar, cut stump, etc.).

Thanks for the comment and request. Here's an article from the Virginia Department of Forestry on this topic: forestupdate.frec.vt.edu/content/dam/forestupdate_frec_vt_edu/newsletter/archives/2018/32_2/Chamberlin.pdf. Essentially, our oaks are getting old. Most regenerated after farms were abandoned after WWII, so the trees are 80+ years old. Like people, trees become more susceptible to health problems as they age. I wonder if the trees you are calling young or middle age are actually older trees. Keep in mind, with trees, size is a terrible indicator of age. Tree size is a product of genetics and environment. Small trees can be old trees and large trees can be young. I'm not aware of anything widespread that is affecting young oaks. If you do have young trees, could it be heavy deer browse? If you are in Virginia, you can contact your local Extension agent (ext.vt.edu/offices.html) or Virginia Department of Forestry forester (dof.virginia.gov/contact-us/) and ask for someone to come out and take a look for you. If you do, let me know what you find out.

It's not a bad idea for sure to use safety glasses not matter the product. Importantly, the label is the law and as such, not all labels required the use of eye protection.

@damalgr the concentration varied depends on the application method. For example, foliar applications will generally be more diluted that cut-stump or hack-n-squirt.

Oh dear! We will definitely NOT do that!

Thanks for watching! Not sure what county you are in, but Virginia State University has an Extension agent who specializes in commercial nut production. I think he's in Amherst County, but you can reach out to him even if you live elsewhere. Forrest Hobbs VCE VSU Small Farm Outreach Program 804-892-5910

Thanks for the feedback. I'll keep it in mind next time I consider adding Musak! Have a great Thanksgiving and thanks for watching.

@SunlessComa4614 Wow, I have heard that some folks are rather sensitive to this plant, especially the saw-dust if cutting firewood, for example. Thankfully, while I'm sensitive to poison-ivy, tree of heaven doesn't get me.

Yay! Thanks! Nice to have the feedback.

@katkameo6413 I'm not sure what the exact question is but I'm guess the question is how long does it take for the root system to die if the stump is treated properly following tree felling. Generally speaking, herbicide activity is evident in about 2 weeks. It does depend somewhat on the product being used

@virginiaforestlandowneredu309 Yes that was it! I ended up cutting the 1 inch diameter trunks then drenching each cut directly with Triclopyr, the solution percentages you recommended. Awful stuff! I did the same with 2 stands of Japanese knotweed. Crossing my fingers. Thank you for your help 🙏

@aceyorba, now you know! Sorry it's not a nice walnut.

If you want to cut down trees after they have been treated, yes, you should wait until some time has passed before cutting. About 3 weeks. However, as far as the "deadness" of the tree goes, there is no need to cut it down. These trees fall apart pretty quickly once they are dead and I usually leave them standing to provide a bit of "snag habitat" for critters.

hi there....I have found blue to be easiest to see...have used this dye successfully but you may can also find it on amazon or some farm supply stores. r.search.yahoo.com/rdclks/dWU9N3Y5dnN1cGpkM3BxbCZ1dD0xNzI1MDMyMjc3NjM0JnVvPTgxNjM4Nzg0MzU5MDYzMSZsdD0yJnM9MSZlcz1wR1JKaVNZYzdGdTFRMnA4NmIxWXhPNlh3aTJyQnBUdkFxcE5SOW01NmpEUkZkdkZuWVpRWGdSUGI2dGYxbURtNVMxbjZFWklXWkNWdXctLQ--/RV=2/RE=1727624278/RO=14/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.bing.com%2faclick%3fld%3de82ZKcsHWTaSSDYrw_mrfuuzVUCUz0aub15yEb_Jv9cmnxh4YquAGnSPWD-sC6TBXYpkFAl8tJsFewNrPFjazGK4ILdUBT0VCHwHezPPrrwXEhqa3b16mWgolDTVmWNb9y2MZLrZhpOF6XZRICdnyBRcrWmkafYydVeN1miaqM9dJf0OtyfLD4zQAYQKnH-o-i1Df8iQ%26u%3daHR0cHMlM2ElMmYlMmZ3d3cuZm9yZXN0cnktc3VwcGxpZXJzLmNvbSUyZnByb2R1Y3RfcGFnZXMlMmZWaWV3aXRlbS5hc3AlM2ZpdGVtJTNkOTI5OTUlMjZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtJTNkY3BjJTI2bXNjbGtpZCUzZDQ3NWUzNDIxZWJkZDE0NWRjYjM3NTJmMDBjODg0ZmFiJTI2dXRtX3NvdXJjZSUzZGJpbmclMjZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtJTNkY3BjJTI2dXRtX2NhbXBhaWduJTNkTEEucyUyNTIwLSUyNTIwU2hvcHBpbmclMjUyMC0lMjUyMEFscGhhJTI1MjAoQnJhbmRlZCklMjZ1dG1fdGVybSUzZDQ1ODUyMzgzNjg0NjAwNjElMjZ1dG1fY29udGVudCUzZEFsbCUyNTIwUHJvZHVjdHM%26rlid%3d475e3421ebdd145dcb3752f00c884fab/RK=2/RS=RryYSguLHGBpi6609JdUi75UJas-;_ylt=AwrFCRNV59Fm0JUMqEYPxQt.;_ylu=Y29sbwNiZjEEcG9zAy0zBHZ0aWQD;_ylc=X3IDMgRydAMw?IG=0ac50913dc9a4657ba0000000051fc0b

@DebraRead Thank you for the comment and caring. When it comes to this topic, you can find opinions and concerns all over the place. Here is some data on the "other side". www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/glyphosate

hi there....I have found blue to be easiest to see...have used this dye successfully but you may can also find it on amazon or some farm supply stores. r.search.yahoo.com/rdclks/dWU9N3Y5dnN1cGpkM3BxbCZ1dD0xNzI1MDMyMjc3NjM0JnVvPTgxNjM4Nzg0MzU5MDYzMSZsdD0yJnM9MSZlcz1wR1JKaVNZYzdGdTFRMnA4NmIxWXhPNlh3aTJyQnBUdkFxcE5SOW01NmpEUkZkdkZuWVpRWGdSUGI2dGYxbURtNVMxbjZFWklXWkNWdXctLQ--/RV=2/RE=1727624278/RO=14/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.bing.com%2faclick%3fld%3de82ZKcsHWTaSSDYrw_mrfuuzVUCUz0aub15yEb_Jv9cmnxh4YquAGnSPWD-sC6TBXYpkFAl8tJsFewNrPFjazGK4ILdUBT0VCHwHezPPrrwXEhqa3b16mWgolDTVmWNb9y2MZLrZhpOF6XZRICdnyBRcrWmkafYydVeN1miaqM9dJf0OtyfLD4zQAYQKnH-o-i1Df8iQ%26u%3daHR0cHMlM2ElMmYlMmZ3d3cuZm9yZXN0cnktc3VwcGxpZXJzLmNvbSUyZnByb2R1Y3RfcGFnZXMlMmZWaWV3aXRlbS5hc3AlM2ZpdGVtJTNkOTI5OTUlMjZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtJTNkY3BjJTI2bXNjbGtpZCUzZDQ3NWUzNDIxZWJkZDE0NWRjYjM3NTJmMDBjODg0ZmFiJTI2dXRtX3NvdXJjZSUzZGJpbmclMjZ1dG1fbWVkaXVtJTNkY3BjJTI2dXRtX2NhbXBhaWduJTNkTEEucyUyNTIwLSUyNTIwU2hvcHBpbmclMjUyMC0lMjUyMEFscGhhJTI1MjAoQnJhbmRlZCklMjZ1dG1fdGVybSUzZDQ1ODUyMzgzNjg0NjAwNjElMjZ1dG1fY29udGVudCUzZEFsbCUyNTIwUHJvZHVjdHM%26rlid%3d475e3421ebdd145dcb3752f00c884fab/RK=2/RS=RryYSguLHGBpi6609JdUi75UJas-;_ylt=AwrFCRNV59Fm0JUMqEYPxQt.;_ylu=Y29sbwNiZjEEcG9zAy0zBHZ0aWQD;_ylc=X3IDMgRydAMw?IG=0ac50913dc9a4657ba0000000051fc0b

I just paid $250 for a 2.5 gallon. It’s been worth it. I’ve Already noticed the effect on the trees already after 3 days.

⁠​⁠@@adrianulibarri5935 I bought a bottle of Hi-Yield brand 61.8% Triclopyr Ester from DoMyOwn for $26 to try on some trees. Plan to use in a spray bottle with hack and squirt method. See how it goes.

There are many generics out there..see label to be sure active ingredient is triclopyr ester (percentage AI will vary)...20-25% recommended. Pathfinder II is a ready to use formulation so spray right out of the jug. the Garlon 4 is a concentrate (mix 20% with 80% oil so do the math to compare price)..good luck!

Well, possibly. But it would need to be done at ground level. Coring into the tree any higher would create a hole in the most valuable part of the stem. Also, getting an increment borer stuck in a rotten tree is no fun. There's a rotten-centered longleaf pine in the Apalachicola National Forest that still has a 16" drill bit in it. Courtesy of me 25 years ago. I would assume it's dead, but longleaf can survive a long time with heart rot.

Yes, these application methods and products will work on any wood plant(s).

Do the basal spray, they probably aren’t seedlings but are actually offshoots in the root system if you can’t pull them out.

A "micro-version" of the basal spray method is one option for sure. Here are some other recommendations that may be better. 1) the cut-stump method may be better. Simply cut the stem with a pair of hand-pruners and then dab the "stump" with the product of your choosing (either mentioned in the video). Some people have cut a small piece of sponge and stuffed it into the bottom of the something like a pill bottle to hold a small amount of herbicide. This then can be "dabbed" onto the cut stump.

With Tree of Heaven, either will work equally well. For that size of a tree, other species are likely to have thicker bark and the basal bark spray will not be as effective.

This is also an issue for us. The shoots are very small in diameter, and there is a larger one that our neighbor let grow for a shade. Shade. I'm not sure how or if there's a way we can mitigate this without having to ask him to treat and kill his tree?