Calvin cycle photosynthesis

This lecture explains about the Calvin cycle which is also known as the dark reaction.
Photosynthesis is a way of making organic molecules from
carbon dioxide (CO2). These organic molecules contain
many C-H bonds and are highly reduced compared with
CO2. To build organic molecules, cells use raw materials
provided by the light reactions:
1. Energy. ATP (provided by cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation)
drives the endergonic reactions.
2. Reducing power. NADPH (provided by photosystem
I) provides a source of hydrogens and the energetic
electrons needed to bind them to carbon atoms. Much
of the light energy captured in photosynthesis ends up
invested in the energy-rich C-H bonds of sugars.
Carbon Fixation
The key step in the Calvin cycle-the event that makes the
reduction of CO2 possible-is the attachment of CO2 to a
very special organic molecule. Photosynthetic cells produce
this molecule by reassembling the bonds of two intermediates
in glycolysis, fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate, to form the energy-rich five-carbon sugar,
ribulose1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), and a four-carbon sugar.
CO2 binds to RuBP in the key process called carbon
fixation, forming two three-carbon molecules of phosphoglycerate
(PGA) (figure 10.17). The enzyme that carries
out this reaction, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase
(usually abbreviated rubisco) is a very large four-subunit
enzyme present in the chloroplast stroma. This enzyme
works very sluggishly, processing only about three molecules
of RuBP per second (a typical enzyme processes
about 1000 substrate molecules per second). Because it
works so slowly, many molecules of rubisco are needed.
In a typical leaf, over 50% of all the protein is rubisco. It
is thought to be the most abundant protein on earth.
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Thank you for watching the Photosynthesis lecture on Calvin cycle also known as dark reaction or c3 cycle.

[@deepikarajput7541]

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Thank you for these valuable lectures🙏

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U r my only "sahaara" to learn difficult topics....thank you so much for such easy lectures😊

[@shahzaibumar909]

brother god is only sahara for all things

[@lemonnmelon4700]

@@shahzaibumar909 then go n learn Calvin cycle from God. idiot.

[@ProGamer-fd2fq]

@@lemonnmelon4700 xD

[@ankitakambli4590]

Yes actually

[@soniadebeaufort8968]

Hello, thank you for this video.
I have two questions:
one cycle of the "Calvin cycle" uses 9 ATP, 8 phosphates, and 6 NADPH to produce 1 G3P that goes to glucose?
the oxygen was the end product of the Light-dependent reaction. Are there additional oxygen end products at the end of the Calvin Cycle?
Thank you,
Sonia

[@swapnaaroodha6348]

Tnq so much sir .... i got good marks in my examination .its made me for easy learning without confusion...tnq sir

[@pujasingh-qc2kw]

Shomu sir u always make me understand every topic very well....thanku sir

[@humanawaz8552]

Thank you sir I am bigger fan your lecture😊

[@agnescruz4887]

very easy way to understand the idea of C3 cycle.... thank you ....

[@narraramarao1132]

very lucidly explained. Thank you.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

[@dollyfulkari3569]

I have my seminar today.....and I'm very very thankful to you, your one video cleared all my mind 🥰

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

[@BbChoudari]

and also that c4 cycle and photosynthesis of light reaction are same...?

[@Roywillbe_a_Dr.]

Marattok sound sir 🙂✨

[@rupalichakraborty4814]

Thank you sir ..😭 i am helpless without your videos....

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome. My videos are always there to help

[@javitoecua]

I dont know how u do it but ure always my last salvation before the final exam
really, thank you very much!!!
And by the way, I'm looking for a video that explains the regulation of rubisco, will you have anything?

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you for appreciating my efforts. Sorry I don't have a separate video on rubisco

[@rupalibirajdar4708]

for the synthesis of 1 glucose molecule cycle will be occurred 2 times right....bcz in one round only 3 carbon compound is taken for synthesis of glucose

[@youcompleteme2602]

Very nicely 👌 explained

[@MJ-sk3rd]

Thank you very much sir for giving a better clarity to the concept in each and every video.. thank you again for making me confident really you are genius ❤️ from odisha🙏🙏🙏

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts

[@MJ-sk3rd]

@@shomusbiologyofficial thank you sir, I have a request sir please make a video on plant tissue system particularly merisetamatic and permanent tissues .
These are so confusing, I'm preparing for TET exam and this chapter always make problems in exam. please sir help🙏🙏

[@gudiya5937]

thanks a lot sir....... sir please uploaded the video of cancer and apoptosis with some graph problems .....
.

[@nehasannyasi7118]

Thank u so much sir for your great explaination.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@AmitKumar-em3vz]

Dada your Vedios are easily digestive food materials home made and nutritious as well. Thanks.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

[@tanmaydutta1193]

thank you sir.And kudos for winning the silver button.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Tanmay Dutta thank you.

[@sainilife8842]

In Microbes or plants Process goes same?

[@shubhangiraskar2500]

I wishe if you had professor in our college
Thank you so much 💯

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you so much for appreciating my efforts. Glad to hear that you're getting benefit from my lectures

[@ayushijaiswal9792]

I have little confusion at one point.
1 G3P molecule goes for formation of glucose or 2 G3P molecules?? If 1 G3P molecule goes then from where other 3C comes for formation of glucose ??

[@Anonymousk1370]

So one cycle would consume 3 CO2 and give out 1 G3P. But if you remember our good old equation, 6CO2+6H2O-> 6O2+ C6H12O6, you would need 2 rounds of Calvin cycle where you consume 6 CO2 and form 2 G3P. Hope that clears your doubt :)

[@mosaicheart2232]

Sir can we get e copy of the study material of CSIR NET provided by Shomus biology? I mean because of the lockdown I don't know if the hard copy will be available or not that's why I wanted to know

[@johnnathaan]

Thank you. God bless u.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@hasanabdullah4331]

It'll be really helpful for us to have some book recommendations...

[@fulmitadeb8431]

Thank you so much

[@Gratitude__success]

Sir, is the function of this cycle only for CO2 fixation?

[@gurvindersangwan_8]

Yes

[@sumiranchettri7752]

Sir... i wish you were my teacher,thnks

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@pranitgandhi6832]

Thanks a lot

[@soumyaranjanmahanta9127]

Thank you so much 😊 Sir 🙏

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@santhoshdaliya5892]

thank u sir ....u r just awesome

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Santhosh Daliya thank you.

[@arbaazqureshi2318]

Why will happen if we take 4 co2 in this cycle pulses help me

[@akankshasharma9516]

Thank you so much Sir..

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Akanksha Sharma you're welcome

[@muthyalakapil8743]

Sir please make a video on Hydroxy propionate pathway.

[@BbChoudari]

sir i have a doubt that both c3 cycle and photosynthesis of dark reaction are same..????

[@ankushm932]

Yes

[@mariamzaman6716]

Why only few bacteria use co2 as a sole source of carbon kindly tell me it's reason

[@sonalithakur9876]

thanks a lot

[@musadiqqazi293]

Sir last 3 ATP krhan sy agya hy?

[@theprinceoftigers]

Great, nice work

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Ahmed Abdulkarim Alzbeede thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

[@aarambhofficial1088]

good job

[@narendrakumarsake9810]

Sir is oxygen released in the dark reaction.....?

[@thecreativekanha5181]

3:00 my earphone start one sided

[@Val_Sylvir_868]

yes same...it was odd

[@medico4189]

Thanks

[@rkrefrigeration2283]

Nicely

[@omkarbadade3754]

sir, can you make video for 12th students we have less information that of senior students plzzzzzzzzzzzz

[@davehileri7072]

Ty

[@chandniafsana1969]

Hello sir,
Glucose bnne k baad 5mol. G3P (3C) bch gye fir 3mol. RuBP (5C) bna to 3C se ye 5C kaise hua samajh nhi aya sir please explain.

[@daniyalshahzad2064]

Great as always

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Daniyal Shahzad thank you.

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Daniyal Shahzad thank you.

[@tingssabtsarmy9437]

👍👍👌👌 superb sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@halimasadia4586]

Thanks sir before that I couldn't understand this cycle

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@rahnafathima5627]

Again thank you sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@manigupta1152]

How many how many chakra present in Calvin cycle cycle

[@atozbiology538]

Sir tell meaning of bis in bisphosphate

[@shrikant8544]

Tq so much Sir 🙏🙏

[@sandhurimmi943]

Too good sir thanks 🙏

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@user-yb5fj2te7z]

sir enlarge your pointer for us to see properly where u are pointing .. we only see the next stage you are explaining when you have marked the substance in red ......however thank you very much we are learning

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Ok

[@shailjasharma5638]

Very good sir bahut aaaacha samajhaya

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@rk_taesika_art3472]

Thank you....💜💜💜

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@davehileri7072]

Great👍

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@bsebio3894]

awesom way of teaching always but sir i have a little prblm . how a single molecule of glyceraldehyde make 6 carbon sugar ??????

[@hussainbiology]

basically the cycle runs again and gives another G-3-P....which ultimately combines with the previous 3 Carbon compound and gives us 6 carbon compound ( Glucose)..............
that is why we write 6CO2 + 6 h20 = C6 H12 O6
the cycle runs 6 times to make a single Glucose molecule......so for easy understanding we run a cycle of 3 carbons for easy calculation

[@atozbiology538]

Glyceraldehyde combined with di hydroxy acetone phosphate 3 c

[@darshanawajira3826]

thankx

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@jyotsnathakur1048]

Sir i have a very big doubt because in the textbook of ncert 11 it is said that 6 molecules of CO2 is there for one molecule of glucose production and also it says that it take 18 ATP and 12 NADPH so according to your lecture this is double of everything.

[@rupalibirajdar4708]

For easy understanding explained this...according to this only 2 rounds will happen...but in actual 6 rounds occur to form 1 molecule of glucose

[@anonymousperson28]

Thank you Sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@tantiwahopak101]

Hey shomu sir, what's the difference between bi and di?

[@dhanalakshmiv3394]

Its same

[@khandawar8923]

OK take care

[@nehachauhan3580]

Well done ✅

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@davehileri7072]

God bless you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@hinamansoor7965]

Sir for 1 molecule of glucose how many carbon dioxide are required....3 or 6??

[@shailendramishra4890]

Hina Mansoor 6

[@hussainbiology]

basically the cycle runs again and gives another G-3-P....which ultimately combines with the previous 3 Carbon compound and gives us 6 carbon compound ( Glucose)..............
that is why we write 6CO2 + 6 h20 = C6 H12 O6
the cycle runs 6 times to make a single Glucose molecule......so for easy understanding we run a cycle of 3 carbons for easy calculation
Show less
REPLY

[@aparnage2398]

6

[@factoryoffun3898]

sir plz explain that how synthesis of 1 glucose require six round of Calvin cycle

[@hussainbiology]

Hope this answers ur question
basically the cycle runs again and gives another G-3-P....which ultimately combines with the previous 3 Carbon compound and gives us 6 carbon compound ( Glucose)..............
that is why we write 6CO2 + 6 h20 = C6 H12 O6
the cycle runs 6 times to make a single Glucose molecule......so for easy understanding we run a cycle of 3 carbons for easy calculation
Show less
REPLY

[@aanifbhat8867]

To fix 1carbon from Co2 requires 1calvin cycle . Glucose(C6H12O6) contains 6 carbon atom and six Calvin cycle require to produce 1mol. Of glucose .
Also , to fix 1 carbon 3 Atp (2 ATP in reduction and 1 ATp in regeration)and 2NADPH In one Calvin cycle .so glucose har six carbon require 6 glucose molecules x 3atp =18 atp and 12 NAdph mol. Understand or still confusing.

[@shubhammishra5018]

Sir pls tell me...why dark rection is xalled as dark ?

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

It's not justified nomenclature

[@deepti_soni]

Sir aapni khub bhalo ......

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Dhonyobad

[@surajjayavantshelkekhade3144]

Nice video

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@Durgeshkumar-nw8my]

Thank u sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@davehileri7072]

👍👍👍

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@nungaibachongtham3546]

thnk u so much sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@tribalgirlmanisha6267]

Sir Pls upload a video about C3 cycle &C4 cycle 🙏🙏🙏

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Okay

[@tanmaydutta1193]

sir aamay chinte perechen to?

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Tanmay Dutta Nam mone thake na always.

[@nandini3604]

Thanks sir

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

You're welcome

[@HHGamer804]

Sir aap ne monetization nhi kiya hai isliye apke video me add nhi aate activate please

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my left ear enjoyed your computer Animation

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

+Bugs Bunny I kniw. Sorry for that

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Be grateful to the creators. Not everyone is doing it for money. Especially educational youtubers, they barely get paid for their efforts. If something is off instead of being sarcastic, try giving him feedback.

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Super sir but I can't get ur voice clearly plz speak loudly

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Sir, plz make vedio on csir net questions it will be worth helpful for us..

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Okay

[@jyotsna3235]

Thank you sir

[@kiruthikabest865]

Guys plzzz reply soon 😱😱😱😢😢 for one molecule of glucose how many calvin cycle want to take 2 or 6 😧😧 plzzz fast

[@mamochannel1237]

2

[@manikandan.g2374]

For one molecule of sugar 6 calvin cycles want to take place if one carbon reacts with one rubp. If you take 3 co2 at same time then you will get only 2 cycles. But in general in plants one co2 will be accepted by one rubp . So final answer is 6 calvin cycles.

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love you

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Thank you

[@sravanisravs5724]

How 18 carbon was formed

[@zoramralte]

Life Saving Lecture

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Thank you. Glad you liked my lectures

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Tq🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗

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You're welcome

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Dec NET 2017.. Question no. 139.. please explain

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Sir....I want csir coaching sir....how to contact u ???

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Check our website

[@killercat7514]

@@shomusbiologyofficial
Yes....but I want upcoming schedule sir

[@sheldoncooper6059]

7:40

[@neetukulshrestha585]

Nice video bt very less voice

[@tanmaydutta1193]

sir aami nabagram vidyapith school e aapnar batchmate chilam.

[@vjrockssaini]

voice quality is vry low

[@bhartiuppadhyay5234]

aap pdhate acha ho but mujhe English smajh nhi aati or abhi mere pas mol bio ke koi notes nhi h mujhe lgta h kafi log h jinhe English nhi aati jo smajh nhi pate kash ase lecture hindi me hote sare English me pdhate h hindi me kyu nhi aap ek or channel open krlo jisme hindi me pdhao

[@sunilpandey2739]

9415130964

[@sunilpandey2739]

9415130964

[@ajaygochar4005]

👀 Sir ji apni video hindi me bhejiye

[@ujaanroy3075]

Where is sedoheptulose???? Erythrose????xylulose????

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

That is in pentose phosphate pathway

[@ujaanroy3075]

@@shomusbiologyofficial but all this is given in c3 cycle in srijan biology ..by veer bala Rastogi .class 11 ISC
And I can't understand them so I referred to your videos and these are not included .

[@antonyharold5795]

Please speak alittle more louder.

[@SurajKumar-ez8fs]

Are sir hindi m bola kro taki hindi mediam ke student bhi padh sake

[@shomusbiologyofficial]

Hindi medium Ka student kya Hindi me phd karega?

[@ujaanroy3075]

Put on your shirt button