How Electric Power Steering Work
Вставка
- Опубліковано 27 лип 2024
- Here’s an in-depth look at how electric power steering works in your car!
In this video we look at column-mounted electric power steering from a 2004 Toyota Prius. The steering rack and entire steering column is taken apart and dissected to see what’s inside and how it works. The main components include the steering wheel, airbag, clockspring, turn signal switches, steering column, torque sensor, “rotary valve”, EPS motor with drive gear, EPS computer, intermediate shaft and steering rack.
The steering works as a closed loop control system. The torque sensor supplies the input to the EPS computer which indicates the driver’s intended direction of steering rotation. The steering shaft has a small torsion beam that moves, triggering a change in the coil’s magnetic field relative to the reference signal inside the torque sensor. This signal is processed and sent to the EPS computer. The computer will then take a high current contact and complete the circuit for the EPS motor, which operates at 12V.
The EPS motor is geared for more torque to overcome the vehicle’s steering forces, as opposed to high speed operation. The motor is a direct drive via a spiral gear to the drive gear on the pinion shaft. The drive gear is made of plastic, so that there isn’t too much friction when manually cycling the steering without assist. Once torque is supplied, it aids the movement of the steering rack to turn the wheels.
Skip to section in the video:
0:00 Introduction
1:47 Disassembly
5:55 Steering Column
7:37 Torque Sensor
10:54 Steering ECU
11:45 Steering Rack
Here's a video on how rack-mounted electric power steering works:
• How Electric Power Ste...
Here's how hydraulic power steering works:
• How Hydraulic Power St...
Here's what's inside a power steering pump:
• How a Power Steering P...
Here's how an electric power steering rack works:
• How an Electric Steeri...
This is the Camera I use:
amzn.to/2Y24ixX (US)
amzn.to/2Yhb3eo (Canada)
Link to Etsy shop where you can purchase speedkar99's brother's socks, t-shirts or hoodies:
www.etsy.com/ca/shop/Speedkar
Check out the speedkar99 Facebook page:
/ speedkar9
Check out the speedkar99 Linkedin page:
/ speedkar99
Follow speedkar9 on Instagram for behind the scenes coverage:
/ speedkar9
Subscribe for more videos just like this:
ua-cam.com/users/subscription_... - Авто та транспорт
I am a retired, mechanical, automotive design engineer and my head is spinning.. Information overload. I am impressed. 😀
Nice! I am an engineer as well
I'm a mechanical engineer, trying to teach myself stuff. I wish there was an apprenticeship system of sorts where I could learn things from experienced ppl like you guys.
To those who are not mechanics, we learn this rule from training: " Never use your garments to clean parts, always use your brother's"
Indeed! Maybe use his car too? lol
and sister's 😂😂😂
Yeah fella engineer 😎😎.
wola Mxolisi😂
I love that
This is a absolute professional presentation, quick, to the point, didn't have to watch 20 minutes of someone taking stuff apart. I'm going to prescribe. Thanks for your time.
Thanks I'm glad you appreciate the video style
What are you prescribing though?
Subscribe you mean
Yep, his videos are fast paced and edit out the fights with fasteners...quick jump cuts over the slow parts.
I also like the sound quality and really love the lack of wheezing, grunting, heavy breathing and loud clunks in his videos.
Super useful and very thorough (start to finish tour thru the system). Only suggestion is that some of the details on the video are lost due to constantly moving the parts around. Could be improved by setting the object down while you discuss and point out the features. (Especially true on the electronics). Clearly this is the best video I've seen on the EPS system.
One of the best "how it works" videos i have ever watched... Quick, to the point, very comical, and as he tore it apart with total disregard for it ever possibly working again you were able to really see and understand the components.
Glad you enjoyed it, I gotta alot of videos like this too! Enjoy
Man, I feel like we were separated at birth or something. Your analysis proceeded pretty much exactly as mine would have, and at about the same depth. I'm really grateful you take the time to put together these explorations.
Glad you like it
Yes, that's correct, people are using columns from a variety of cars as self-contained units for hot rodding. Not every column works this way, but a lot of them have a failsafe mode which works pretty well but doesn't have the function of varying steering assist based on road speed. These can operate without other inputs. Others have also built control boxes which allow you to change the level of steering assist with the twist of a potentiometer.
Wow! You are the real deal mechanic, knows every single detail of parts, it’s function, and how it works. What a knowledge. 👍
Mans really be exposing his family “this is my brothers sock” “this is my wife’s old toothbrush” 😂 good content tho
Hell yeah! It's becoming more common for people to swap these Prius electric power steering systems onto hotrods, great video and topic, speedkar99! Thanks for the way you present, you're absolutely awesome, have a great day!
Thanks for confirming
It's the "brothers" toothbrush pointer that makes these videos winners!
😄👍
@Ray Bin
oww
hahahaha
The first rule of using prius parts in our hot rods is that we do not talk about using prius parts in our hot rods.
@@sometimesleela5947 Reminds me of the old hot rods using Pinto steering racks.
Great no time wasted...dig the humor just drops into an honest style. I wish more folks did this well. I enjoy that there are no vocal fillers um um um um etc...The edits are spot on. You have a new subscriber and I have been wrenching for years.
From the radio knob to the power steering computer, it's just amazing all these parts are made for each car and where they're made and how the whole process began and then start again with a new model year, it's just amazing.
this guy is amazing also.
Agreed. So many parts in a car and amazing if you try to understand how they work
I appreciate the way you explain everything, to the point and concise, and you explain very perfect, not just separating components apart but opening them to the granular level, which is hilarious, exactly like a pro, Hats off to you engineer.
Simple, straight to the point...you say exactly what we want to hear... keep it up.
absolutely wonderful manual for electric power steering (mostly in Japanese cars), there is no better one on the whole internet! - BRAVO and many thanks! greetings from Austria. 🙂👌👌👌👍👍👍
Glad you appreciate and learning something
This must be one of the most intelligent technical UA-cam channels in existence. My old Mercedes A-Klasse had electric power steering and I have wondered for years how it worked. Now I know...or at least have a rudimentary knowledge to the extent that I could understand all that was said. Thanks for this amazingly professional presentation!
"Turn signal clicky thing" 😆 thank you so much, your teaching abilities are incredible.
You are welcome
Thanks for the hands-on educations. I’m always watching these well made videos out of curiosity, fascinating stuff 🙌
Wow! I've always believed that engineering is all about small details. Amazing amount of information you provide.
You are right! The devil's in the details
Great job explaining all of this. Good information. Thanks!
On point, fast explanation. Easy to understand and more information gathered in a shorter period. High five!
Recognized that pointing device. Epic. Thanks for all the great videos through the years.
Excellent commentary, very clear and well organized. It's rare on UA-cam to find anyone doesn't hum and haw their way thru a poorly organized explanation of what they are doing.
Glad you appreciate my video style. What else would you like to see?
@@speedkar99I'd like to see a hydrostatic transmission disassembled, but that's tractor stuff.
@@speedkar99 for fun I would like to see your lips moving as you talk.
You're the best dude! Better teacher than most of the teachers at my tech school.
Best explanation ever... Thank You so much!!!
Excellent explanation! Electric power steering over-complicates a very simple age-old hydraulic process.
Thanks
But electric power steering is easier to replace and costs cheaper
Actually looks simpler to me.. hydraulic systems deal with 1000+ psi worth of fluid pressure, cooling, lines that could leak, pump complexity... although this uses a brushed motor, I imagine the low duty cycle/low speed operation means it should last a while.
@@MattExzy I think it was all made because they wanted the fuel economy to be better. Power steering pump create drag most of the time.
Or they want powersteering in ev mode, no? :D
Very clear explanations! Thank you and keep on👍👍👍
Great video as always. Well worth the subscription. Many new useful tools I discovered watching this video (like your famous mechanical press or your brother's de-soldering tool). 👍
I love the press. Probably my favorite tool after the grinder
Thanks for the great video! Now I understand better why my racing friends are removing electric power steering - it has some slack and now I know where! Plus that friction on the motor gears.
There are quite a few EPS systems used on resto-mods like this Toyota one or one from Opel (more popular swap in Europe). I personally did use Nissan one on my DeLorean build as I know the engineer responsible for it at Nissan.
Newer EPS systems actually use signals from Angle Sensor but that is mostly for ADAS purposes (line correction etc). Another important stuff is that some EPS systems need vehicle speed signals to adjust power steering support. The older column will look for PWM signal, but newer for CAN frames from ABS (Wheel Speed Sensor).
Thanks again! Long-time listener!
Thanks! The "slop" in the torsion beam is the same if you have hydraulic steering
Unbelievable presentation. This kinda sums up what do we need to know about steering support system. Appreciate it.
The humor made this fun!
Excellent instructions, you just got a new sub!
8:25 had that been me, that board would've snapped at first touch. another great video, thank you so much!
Much better than the hyundai system that uses a rubber coupler that deteriorates and falls apart causing a clicking sound with sloppy steering.
As an ex fitter and electrician I love your videos. I do not drive any more and cycle everywhere now. But love seeing all your tare downs on all the bits the make up a car. Even the very act of turning the car is a massive electrical electronic and mechanical process. Super video as always.
Thanks. You are right, alot or complexity we don't often think about
@@speedkar99 Yes and it is all taken for granted I feel. Just taking form the steering wheel out to the wheels, in todays cars compared to my first car of an Austin Mini in the early 80s, If all of that was put into it, there would have been no room for the engine. lol
brilliant video as always
I loved it...if only more 'how to'/'DIY' channels would be as direct and not afraid to use your 'brothers' tools to disassemble the parts the way the rest of us do that would make my world go around a little bit faster...it was 'clear and concise' where as everyone else seems to want time to drag on to make their videos longer for reasons unknown to me... I greatly appreciate your approach...Keep up the good work. I was looking for the breakdown of the torque sensors and even though that was at the end the prelude to that part was full of good footage at a speed that didnt loose my attention...I'm not easily impressed and that video was impressive enough for me to comment...you're welcome, thank you...
Glad you like my video style
Awesome video. Direct to the point.
Omfg YES! Please compare the systems that use Electric Hydraulic Pumps like Volvo, Porsche GT3 Cup, etc
Drifters struggle finding a system that provides enough self steer and immediate feedback. Perhaps one design is inherently better for high rpm, low cooling potential.
No power steering is the best for feedback lol
I love the breaking stuff! Cut it open whatever. Let's go
Great Video!! Thanks for the info!!
Came back after a while since the last video I saw of yours. I missed this channel. Excellent work man
Thanks. I'm here. Every week or so
I appreciate this, awesome content.
Impressed by the level of expressed understanding and knowledge…!!!!
Very informative video! Thank you
Great video my friend ( and I’m a mechanic ). Great suggestion to use that column on a custom build.
Drinking a good beer and watching to this video at 1.25 speed gives me the same nice sentation. Great content!
Respect form Libya 🇱🇾👏
Hi from Canada
I quite literally have to see everything taken apart or else I can't visualize. And if I can't visualize, I can't understand it. Thank you for doing this for us, as much as it pained me to see possibly good parts destroyed. RIP
You sure know the insides of the car like the back of your hand. Impressive, Bro!!
I really like the way he talks. It shows that he's really educated and his vocabulary is vast.
Amazing.
This has been so helpful straight to the point.thanx
Incorrect. That tiny shaft IS TAKING all the torque of the input from the driver. What you're pointing out is the "backup plan" for when the torque sensing fails, you can then still transmit large forces through the steering column to steer the vehicle. Redundant systems are made this way so we don't just fail. Think Dad with his hands hovering around his baby just learning how to walk. Not necessary, but millimeters from disaster. Glad Dad was there :)
I can explain the torque sensor better but I think it's not needed. It's pretty cool, is had differential for maximized signal strength. Love this engineering and your disassembly videos.
Using my favorite mechanical press.😂 I love this guy’s brand of humor.
Hammer time
super duper hit, amazing work to explain in detail the function of steering.
Crisp and right on target. Lovin' it, and subscribed to your channel.
Great demo.
Just recently found this channel and I love this. It's incredible seeing how things work on the inside. There are a ridiculous amounts of parts on a car and I didn't know how a lot of them actually worked on a mechanical level because you never really see the inside. Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us. :)
You are welcome. I learn as I go myself too!
Thanks for your time, very usefull professional explanation
Amazing explanation !!
Thanks for sharing
Dude!!! I told you to check my tires' pressure, not disassemble my steering system!!!
Too bad
this is not a English class.
thanks for the knowledge friend!
Glad you learned something
Another awesome video. Thanks! I wonder what types of issues I will have with my 2016 Toyota power steering in say 10-15 years down the road. I know my 2004 Toyota PS very well and have replaced lines etc but the electric changes most everything. Thanks for posting speedkar
His brother must get awful pissed off he's always using his brother's stuff pretty damn funny he does a great job of explaining how things work I enjoy watching him
Cool video thank for sharing !! I was asking you, some time ago, to explain us how the 'city mode' works in a steering wheel. So basically, being electric power steering it sends a signal to the ECU to send more torque to the steering column, that's why the steering wheel becomes lighter. This is how I explain to myself...
Yes. The eps computer takes readings from the canbus on vehicle speed. It'll then send more torque to the motor.
i enjoy every video of yours i ever watch.. amazing
Awesome information & tutorial 👏 👌🏼 👍🏿 😀
Wow so much knowledge brother. 👏 honestly , is even kinna hypnotizing lol
awesome. very educative, regards
Creative as usual 👍
Thanks
excellent video, I just installed one of these in my electric 1971 Chevy C10 / GMC truck
very interesting,thank you
8:22 I really like your humor, jajajaja, nice explanation overall, thanks for the video.
Glad you enjoyed it
Brilliant explanation of how the electrics work
Thanks
Like this guys explanations. And using his brothers sock to remove grease.
Your explanation is exquisite 👌. Just learnt so much within a short time.
Very informative Video i learned a lot as a mechanic i never done This now its my first time to do on my personal car
Thanks I'm glad it helped you learn something new!
Very informative video! The scary part for me is the plastic gear of which those things fail frequently in all of the many uses they serve in vehicles. I'm glad my car is old fashioned hydraulic driven.
Drift your Priuses 🏎🏁, does it sound like “rev up your engines “ 🤣👌✅
Haha
this is one is really uderstandable, thanks for sharing
tahnks you are sun star and beautiful ....you are shining ....very very nice...
ممنون وسپاسگزارم از همه ویدیوهای عالی تون 👏👏👏👏👌👌👌❤❤❤❤❤😍😍😍
Glad to help
Well explained ❤
Man .. This is one hell of a video explanation . Thanks for this amazing details point after point without any bullshit. My suggestion is make a full car mechanics course in some platforms like teachable and sell it as a course content.. I will be happy to assist you on this . DM if in need.
Thanks for the idea
@@speedkar99 I felt indebted to tell u this .
Worm gear, not spiral gear. You can back-drive a worm-and-gear set if the ratio is small--it has nothing to do with gear material. Anything over about 4:1 the gearset will lock when back-driven.
U are soo precise in communication and the best of the best way in explaination,,please also make videos on head light control mechanism 👍👌
Dude you are awesome
Thanks for your video. Complicated design. I personally like the hydraulic power steering system.
I have a desoldering tool like your brother's 🤣🤣 Great video as always.
Haha
Works all the time
God job friend I like your dimostration
Crazy! fast :), i liked it.
My Mazda RX8's had electric power steering. They were also the most precise, sharpest steering cars I've ever driven!
excellent video, correct terminalligy, I just have to speed up my listening!!!
I love the info-tainment but stay for your Brother's Toothbrush. I was also surprised to see how easy it was to rotate the electric motor's worm gear via' the beveled (large) gear.. Of course it needs to be able to be turned. It must have a interesting tooth engagement. Usually it's quite hard to turn a gear set backwards aka in reverse, yes? I'm not sure if I've explained that correctly but then again, I don't have a toothbrush to aid me :O) Cheers from So, CA. 3rd House On the Right. You RoCk1
Amazed!!!
Excellent
Great and professional 👍
Welcome
I just subscribed. Awesome presentation style.
Welcome aboard!
Welcome aboard!
Thanks for the explanation, it was very helpful, I was looking everywhere to see the inside of the EPS controller and couldn't find it until I saw your video. I have a question. What happens if the current returns from the motor to the controller? Does it have some sort of protection to prevent damage or are those relays the protection?
Cool! Interesting!
Thanks
Great video. I agree about the plastic gear, but I guess they don't wear out so what do I know?
Great presentation
Thanks
Be good to see a overview on a Ford Mustang GT or Ecoboost engine. Great content btw, love your work, its very unique.
I'd love to get a Ford to teardown