AR15 Trigger: Two Stage vs Single Stage, Geissele and AR-15 Milspec

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 29 січ 2025

КОМЕНТАРІ • 455

  • @hammanvideo
    @hammanvideo 8 років тому +54

    I knew the basic differences between a single stage and two stage trigger, but the visual enhancements to the explanation that you provided are perfect and helped me understand the mechanics of each. Excellent job!

  • @phillipkarnehm7712
    @phillipkarnehm7712 5 років тому +21

    Getting ready to build my first AR. I've watched a hundred videos. This was the best explanation of the trigger mechanism

  • @MouseDenton
    @MouseDenton 10 років тому +62

    Great video; I'm a visual person and it's hard to find a middle ground between heavily technical diagrams and the manual just saying never to mess with the trigger assembly.

  • @zebracherub
    @zebracherub 9 років тому +15

    Best and clearest video out there about how the trigger group works IMHO. Thank you for posting !

  • @AVH8TOR
    @AVH8TOR 11 місяців тому +2

    I knew the basics, but this just gave me much deeper understanding of all the components thank you for this

  • @thedarkzone1704
    @thedarkzone1704 2 дні тому

    Man the way you simplified every thing is beautiful

  • @trommelnsmeindng
    @trommelnsmeindng 9 років тому +4

    This is the best trigger explanation video I have ever seen! Thanks so much for your clear and succinct demonstration/narration.

  • @ASMR-soothingsounds
    @ASMR-soothingsounds 10 років тому +143

    Great job on this video! It is a very well made instructional video excellent lighting and crystal clear narration. You made it easy to understand the difference between single and two stage triggers for ARs.

    • @modernpawn
      @modernpawn  10 років тому +8

      thanks for kind words. we are gun guys, not a professional camera crew, but we try our best. Thanks for watching and stay safe.

    • @JenkyBoom
      @JenkyBoom 9 років тому +3

      +modernpawn thanks for the cut and dry explanation.

    • @UlfErlingsson
      @UlfErlingsson 8 років тому +4

      +modernpawn Not too much difference. Aim and shoot. ;)

  • @worddunlap
    @worddunlap 10 років тому +263

    Am I the only one screaming "JUST PULL THE TRIGGER?"

    • @MrShady95
      @MrShady95 10 років тому +9

      That would damage the hammer and lower rec.

    • @MrTkoryciak
      @MrTkoryciak 10 років тому +1

      Kyle Noir it would damage the bolt catch. I have seen several of them fly off at a gun show when people are showing off triggers. Letting them slam on the bolt catch.

    • @genehensley767
      @genehensley767 10 років тому +3

      Kyle Noir no it wont

    • @MrWalkwaySc2
      @MrWalkwaySc2 10 років тому +11

      Gene Hensley
      It does.

    • @videodistro
      @videodistro 10 років тому +8

      Same here! All he needed was a plastic hammer block to protect it. I was wanting to see the triggers work all the way and didn't get to see it until the very end on the 2 stage.

  • @jeffsgsxr1000
    @jeffsgsxr1000 10 років тому +6

    Great video! I really didn't understand how AR triggers worked until watching this video. Fairly new to AR's, all I really new was how much more I like the Timney 3# Single-stage trigger I installed in my AR over the stock one. Of course made a huge difference in the trigger weight, but also made me so much more accurate with the Timney. Absolutely love it!

  • @lynnfallis4250
    @lynnfallis4250 10 років тому +13

    Thanks! This is the best, and clearest explanation of the workings of triggers I have stumbled on. There were two points especially at which it was like a light coming on in a dark room. Each of those times, I had to shut it off and play with my new trigger, just enjoying this whole new sense of understanding. Keep up the good work.

  • @jgrenwod
    @jgrenwod 3 роки тому +1

    Finally an understandable description of the two stage trigger function. Excellent training aid!

  • @m118lr
    @m118lr 5 років тому +5

    EXCELLENT demo..best I’ve ever seen. Even with other cut-aways...

  • @Nontacticalboy
    @Nontacticalboy 5 років тому +1

    I know this vid was made in 2013, now on 2019 im having hammer follow on my AR, and after getting instructions from ar15 forum, and watching and understanding ar trigger assembly, i managed to fix the problem. Thank you VERY much!!

  • @shastahome
    @shastahome 11 років тому +2

    very instructive video. I installed the SSA-E today and this cutaway gives me a better understanding on how it works. After seeing the mechanics difference of the 1 and 2 stage I can see the terrific advantage of the 2 stage. Thanks

  • @gunbugbit9801
    @gunbugbit9801 11 років тому +1

    I agree with Brian on the quality -- wish all gun videos were of this quality.

  • @MrBurdinekl
    @MrBurdinekl 3 роки тому +1

    I appreciate this video actually showing how the trigger action works. Well done.

  • @Raftjumper07
    @Raftjumper07 6 років тому

    This the best demonstration and explanation of the AR-15 single & two-stage triggers. Thank You for posting this. I’m a Geissele trigger fan!

  • @speedphreak5619
    @speedphreak5619 11 років тому +10

    Awesome video!! Nice to see how it all works. This gives a much better understanding of the system. Thanx for posting this !

    • @jacobdbaskin
      @jacobdbaskin 11 років тому

      Same here watching this video helps me understand a lot better than looking at a drawing or just listening to someone trying to explain.

  • @ETHRON1
    @ETHRON1 11 років тому +18

    I prefer the 2 stage, I feel that it gives you more control when doing precise shooting..when doing rapid fire...you can't even notice the second stage...
    Great vid...
    Target On..

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому +2

    Not sure which has a longer life, but if either type is made of high quality tool steel and properly heat treated, the trigger should last a life time. A lot has to do with both engagement faces having similar hardnesses.

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому +2

    The ability to prep the trigger has its advantages. It allows you to mentally prepare for the shot. With single stage, guys tend to mash the trigger in high speed scenarios. Even some sniper rifles use two stage triggers, like Accuracy International.

    • @gedgar2000
      @gedgar2000 6 років тому

      Great answer. I thought the preference for two stage for precision shooting could involve psychological factors. Thanks.

  • @TheHorta
    @TheHorta 11 років тому +1

    Top-notch. Good video quality, great explanation. You won't get a lot of views, but those who are looking for this information (like me) will really appreciate your effort.

  • @AF-O6
    @AF-O6 11 років тому +2

    The sear notch of a MILSPEC trigger functions as a safety sear in the Geissele trigger, not unlike the safety sear in a bespoke sidelock double gun. Geissele is a genius. Excellent video...thank you for sharing.

  • @SHWELL11
    @SHWELL11 10 років тому +7

    Fantastic explanation and demonstration! Very useful info! Thanks for sharing.

  • @cannonball666
    @cannonball666 6 років тому +277

    This video triggered my interest but I had to disengage from the video to go eat seared steak while getting hammered.

    • @AOMartialArts
      @AOMartialArts 6 років тому +28

      Well I thought this video got right down to brass tacks. I almost didn't finish because my phone was out of battery so I had to bolt upstairs to get this charging handled. I cycled through a few comments because the video needed to buffer, when I came across this loaded comment. I had to spring into action. I tried to be witty; I didn't want some tired old stock response.
      Plus ten points if you can sneak picatinny in your response! 🤣

    • @sxleong
      @sxleong 6 років тому +11

      Rob Hodge at lunch, my school sells fish fillet, but I eat very little so I had to picatinny portion so I could finish it.
      Does that count?

    • @AOMartialArts
      @AOMartialArts 6 років тому +1

      @@sxleong haha, works for me!

    • @sxleong
      @sxleong 6 років тому

      Rob Hodge haha ;D

    • @toddcraw4127
      @toddcraw4127 6 років тому +2

      Well played Gentlemen, well played... salute!

  • @endlezzdrft
    @endlezzdrft 7 років тому

    Excellent video, starts of and immediately gets to the point. Crystal clear visuals and precise pronunciation. You're my greatest hero.

  • @blaw569
    @blaw569 11 років тому +1

    You need an auto sear for full auto. The auto sear acts like a disconector and catches the hammer but unlike a disconector it can be tripped by the bolt carrier which enables the gun to fire full auto

  • @NefariousElasticity
    @NefariousElasticity 9 років тому +65

    The functional difference between the two types of triggers is that a single-stage is fine for if you want to build an AR from parts on the cheap or just don't plan on long-range shooting, while a two-stage trigger is good for long-range shooting because the pull is lighter and there's more pre-engagement in the trigger (meaning you can pull the trigger down to the break without actually releasing the hammer, which has advantages for keeping the rifle steady and only engaging it right when you're ready - a good comparison is running up to a wall, observing, and then vaulting, as opposed to just hauling nuts over the wall at 100% speed from start to finish). A single-stage is heavier so it takes more sudden force to release the hammer, which can shake the rifle in a way just dramatic enough to throw off a shot by a few inches at several hundred yards.

    • @dpdunn13
      @dpdunn13 8 років тому +15

      cerg this is the most ridiculous thing I have ever heard! single stage triggers can be set to just ounces for the trigger pull. Something you could not do with a 2 stage trigger. Granted you wouldn't want to have a trigger that light in a ar platform. Still look up most 3 gun shooters and they run 2 stage triggers where most bench rest shooters use single stage. A 2 stage trigger you can pre-engage the trigger as you are coming on target(first stage). Then when you are on target engage the trigger fully (second stage). Great video none the less explaining the difference.

    • @TheBigToe69
      @TheBigToe69 7 років тому

      D D Every Precision bench rest shooter I've known or met has run 2 stage triggers. Whether a RRA match or Geissele SSA-E or Larue mbt.

    • @thomasbrackett5897
      @thomasbrackett5897 6 років тому

      cerg i

    • @justaregularguy3827
      @justaregularguy3827 6 років тому +1

      flip those 2 buddy hahahah

    • @tomharrell1954
      @tomharrell1954 6 років тому +5

      correct. bench rest shooter here. I use a single stage trigger set to "TWO OUNCES." YES OUNCES NOT POUNDS

  • @Neur0bit
    @Neur0bit 7 років тому

    Possibly one of the best explanations on UA-cam on how AR triggers work. Thanks for taking the time to explain this.

  • @Alan_1
    @Alan_1 5 років тому +1

    Thank you for the detailed explanation of the mechanics of a single and two stage trigger!

  •  9 років тому

    Man that Geissele trigger looks nice. Thanks for showing the inner workings when compared to a milspec trigger.

    • @hammanvideo
      @hammanvideo 8 років тому +1

      +Jay Yagebu It is nice! I have a Geissele SD-C and it breaks clean every time.

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому +2

    It's up to your preference. Single stage can be as nice as a two stage and vise versa. I think the combat mindset leans towards two stage.

  • @karenmxx7256
    @karenmxx7256 8 років тому +1

    Excellent explanation. The biggest problem I had with my Armalite AR-10 was the heavy, single-stage trigger. I replaced it with a Geissele SSA two-stage trigger - No comparison! If you've never used one of these triggers, you have no idea what you're missing.

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому +1

    well, not in every instance. Alot is personal preference. The military issues single stage triggers, but they are generally crap 6-8 pounds grit monsters. If I had to generalize; single stage light crisp triggers are for target/competition shooting and two stage are for law enforcement/ combat. But that is what I would prefer.

  • @sydneyk
    @sydneyk 11 років тому +1

    Very clear demonstration distinguishing differences between the two systems. Thank you for posting this video.

  • @uconnapharm
    @uconnapharm 4 роки тому

    I am a revolver guy for 40 years ; JUST RETIRED and feel it is time to get into the AR-15 platform as a retirement hobby .
    Your video here on the mechanics is WONDERFUL .
    MY QUESTION for those out there : WHY would I want a two stage over a single stage trigger . Pros and Cons ?

    • @JohnDoeEagle1
      @JohnDoeEagle1 4 роки тому

      Don't waste your money approx $240 on his triggers. His wife's trigger ALG QMS is all you need and under $50. It's a super high quality single stage Mil-Spec trigger that is identical in function to a standard. The difference comes in from the careful machining and polishing as well as using better materials. So many of the Mil-Spec lower parts kits include cheap junk MIM parts. You don't want that in your rifle. Buy a Sons Of Liberty LPK without the trigger or pistol grip and get a ALG QMS trigger. That's all anybody that knows how to shoot will ever need. Remember USMC has to qualify at 500 yards and U.S. Army at 300 meters with STOCK triggers. Prior to 2005/06 with A2 iron sights at that. Some fuzznuts neckbeard hipster needs a $240 trigger to shoot 25 yards with a freaking Trijicon ACOG or Aimpoint. It's laughable really if you think of it.

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому

    Thanks for the kind words.

  • @ClawSpike
    @ClawSpike 11 років тому +4

    Excellent video in both quality (lighting and camera work) and information (I clearly know and finally understand how they work). I would love this same video on a AK.

  • @Dan-di9jd
    @Dan-di9jd 5 місяців тому

    Actually in the 2stage geissele one, the front hook is still used like the single stage trigger but most people won't notice it. It acts as the safety hook in case the middle piece falls out and it still acts as a 1-stage trigger. Also, if you have a FA FCG, it only goes 2 stage for semi but FA will still be one stage due to how the sear hook works.

  • @НиколайНиколаевич-щ1в

    Thanks! Already second video is clearest explanation which I ever met 🙏🏻

  • @TheGrimsock
    @TheGrimsock 10 років тому

    best vid Ive seen yet on the single vs 2stage explanation. well done guys. thank you!

  • @rickjack78
    @rickjack78 8 років тому

    That was the perfect explanation of this. I didn't know this at all, and in less than 7 minutes, I get it completely.

  • @xcrfty
    @xcrfty 7 років тому

    Awesome video. Getting ready to do my first lower build, and this video really took some weight off my shoulder, as im going to install a two stage trigger in my lower. Thanks A LOT.

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому +1

    Thanks. looking forward to hearing the results.

  • @oxencott3n175
    @oxencott3n175 2 роки тому

    What a great video. Good work and very cool to see the angles and engineering that made Bill a millionaire

  • @CisnerosGM1
    @CisnerosGM1 3 роки тому

    Great video and best description I have seen yet. That is what I would call "breaking in down Barney style".

  • @vilo3454
    @vilo3454 5 місяців тому

    THis is EXCELLENT CAM WORK and demonstration!!! ❤

  • @AKAB_22
    @AKAB_22 6 днів тому

    Unreal how helpful this was. Thanks man.

  • @MrGCHiker
    @MrGCHiker 11 років тому

    K. Thanks for the response. All I know is my trigger is crap and I need to replace it. My uses are range shooting, and the inevitable zombie apocalypse, so, I dunno, prolly a good two-stage with a lighter pull. Thanks again.

  • @jbgandhi2
    @jbgandhi2 11 років тому

    the sear holds the hammer back before firing. the dis-connector holds the hammer back while the moving parts cycle.
    if the hammer wasn't held back during cycling, it would try to hit the firing pin as soon as the bolt carrier was out of the way. but the chambering function won't be done yet. the round can explode because the chamber won't be fully surrounding the cartridge.
    For full auto, the BCG hits another part called an auto-sear which disconnects the.. uh.... disconnector.

  • @jaymcgranahan
    @jaymcgranahan 11 років тому +1

    Great video! Very clear and informative. I recently installed a Geisele Super Dynamic Combat in one of my AR's and love it. Now I'm looking to upgrade all my other AR's... when the money is available. Appreciate the video - keep them coming!

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому

    Single stage vs two stage can be equally safe and reliable. Reliability is going to stem from using standard power springs. Light hammer springs can cause light strikes. Light trigger springs can be unsafe. Light disconnector spring can cause hammer follow. The amount of sear engagement and proper sear engagement angle is important for safety/ reliability. Buy quality and you won't have problems.

  • @nathanward9398
    @nathanward9398 11 років тому

    basically no, it will make it a "slam fire trigger". because in a FA trigger he sear allows the bolt to get locked in before it releases the hammer, the slam fire will just ride with the bcg and if the primer is soft enough it will fire. ive done it before with out filing and its inconsistent and not fun.

  • @DRBurke-ir8om
    @DRBurke-ir8om 10 років тому +1

    Thanks for posting this, It clears up a lot of things.

  • @oleboy4332
    @oleboy4332 7 років тому

    One of the best videos I've seen. Great explanation and visual. Thank you!

  • @AlC92575
    @AlC92575 7 років тому +1

    I think it comes down to personal preference. I'm using a single stage with a 3lbs pull. I like how sneaky it is. It doesn't give you time to anticipate.

  • @Andrew-McCormick
    @Andrew-McCormick Рік тому

    visual explaination is top-tier!

  • @profsat5
    @profsat5 11 років тому

    Just about.I run a Palmetto State Armory 2 stage set trigger.It's got two holes for a allen head wrench where you can set the amount of pull needed to release the hammer.On my M4 is set at about 2.5 pounds.On my Colt H-Bar is set very low,less than a pound so when your finger makes contact with the trigger you trip the hammer with a light pull.

  • @gwidwock
    @gwidwock 8 років тому

    Excellent job on this video. You've shown me everything I wanted to know. THANK YOU!!!
    I've been considering a Geissele 2 stage trigger for my Ruger AR 556.

  • @djamison9r
    @djamison9r 8 років тому

    Awesome video! I have been looking for this type of video for a long time, and I finally found it... Thanks!

  • @kevinh6089
    @kevinh6089 11 років тому

    Great video. Love my Geissely SSA 2 stage that I run in all of our AR15s and AR10s.

  • @charlesconway1049
    @charlesconway1049 9 років тому

    This is the best trigger video i have ever seen. kudos and excellent job sir.

  • @edmondlau511
    @edmondlau511 7 років тому

    Thanks for the great video! I never really understood but your video, especially the cut out, explained it very well. I'm not very well mechanically inclined so this helped immensely.

  • @derekheuring4646
    @derekheuring4646 6 років тому +3

    Have you done a video on the Geiselle SSE (Super Semi-Auto Enhanced) trigger? It would be interesting to see how he gets that smooth pull with a barely noticed light break. I use an SSE on my long range AR15 because there is a hardly discernible 'stop' on the trigger pull to anticipate the hammer fall which allows me to shoot very accurately.

  • @DThompson1985
    @DThompson1985 11 років тому

    Mini 14 has this style 2 stage trigger. Doing a trigger job moves the disconnector as close to the hammer as possible so there is no 2 lb movement, only trigger releasing hammer.

  • @seansolina895
    @seansolina895 7 місяців тому

    This was actually a very well done video. Thanks for sharing. I learned a lot.

  • @swiftjeff
    @swiftjeff 12 років тому

    This is an extremely helpful video! I just got my first stripped lower and have ingested the AR bug! Now I have to learn what parts to get to build my first AR, well if what I want is in stock...but now I know the difference between trigger stages.

  • @fiveowaf454
    @fiveowaf454 7 років тому

    A very clear and informative video that answered the question I had.

  • @colinbiggs244sniper
    @colinbiggs244sniper 5 років тому

    Best explanation I have come across

  • @thirdmonkeyent_llc
    @thirdmonkeyent_llc 5 років тому +1

    One of the few guys who knows what he's talking about.

  • @TsterMr63
    @TsterMr63 9 років тому +5

    Nice explanation-never really understood before.

  • @ninoinreno
    @ninoinreno 8 років тому

    Excellent video! Thanks for explaining the differences in a clear and concise manner.

  • @almazan501
    @almazan501 11 років тому

    Thanx for the great vid... Now i know the mechanical difference, but what purpose or advantage does the 2 stage serve?

  • @Rocksterrr
    @Rocksterrr 11 років тому +4

    Clear information well illustrated. Thanks!

  • @gza06955
    @gza06955 3 роки тому

    I've got the Geissele SD-E in a Bushmaster Predator, love it !

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому

    if you cut the disconector it will fire once, then malfunction at best. Normally they will fire out of battery (slam fire) and cause damage and or bodily harm. If you want them to fire full auto, you need a second sear or some sort of a hammer retarder. Full auto guns are not as easy as 'cut the disconnector.'

  • @vigunfighter
    @vigunfighter 6 років тому

    You took the long way around to say that in a single stage trigger, you are immediately working on disengaging the sear interface, which tends to be crisper, certainly shorter travel than 2 stage. In two stage, there is a bit of travel called 'take up' where nothing is really happening. You are moving the trigger to the point where it can then start disengaging the sear.
    A two stage trigger requires a longer trigger travel and is considered a safety feature. You have some room to pull on the trigger before you get to the disengagement point. This is why militaries tend to want two stage triggers on their main fighting rifles

  • @97TRAKIN
    @97TRAKIN 6 років тому

    I was a huge advocate of mil-spec single stage triggers and thought that all this aftermarket trigger stuff was a crutch for poor marksmanship. That is until I made the leap to two-stage triggers. I haven't looked back.
    The second stage break on a quality two-stage trigger is almost euphoric!

  • @deaconnyte9748
    @deaconnyte9748 11 років тому +8

    Great video , learned a lot without having to read extensively A+++

  • @paulhughes3961
    @paulhughes3961 6 років тому

    Great explanation of single and 2 stage trigger's. I have a high quality single stage in my rifle and it's ok but I'm going to replace it with a 2 stage.

  • @jimthorne4186
    @jimthorne4186 5 років тому

    Excellent demonstration and explanation. Thanks so much for posting!

  • @rafaellastracom6411
    @rafaellastracom6411 8 років тому

    Great video and explanation. The design does not need to be that intricate to achieve that functionality but if it works it works.

  • @jamespayne4459
    @jamespayne4459 7 років тому

    Excellent presentation. Don't know why anyone would give this video a thumbs down, trolls maybe? Added to my Folder of Firearm FYI, thanks for taking the time and effort.

    • @gedgar2000
      @gedgar2000 6 років тому +1

      I have that same question about a lot of videos I watch. This video is pretty much perfect. I went in with vague knowledge, and now I really understand it.. I don't see how it could be any better. 'A thumbs down seems incomprehensible. Maybe a troll favoring banning all firearms maybe. LOL

  • @roncolson1361
    @roncolson1361 11 років тому

    Thanks alot this is one of the best info videos out there good job

  • @247Danimal
    @247Danimal 11 років тому

    Very cool vivid! I ordered an ssa based on the reviews I read online, never felt one before but I'm excited to get it

  • @MrGCHiker
    @MrGCHiker 11 років тому

    So. A two-stage trigger is for combat, and a single-stage is for target shooting. Is that correct?

  • @modernpawn
    @modernpawn  11 років тому

    CMC triggers are good, they are low weight, but I think the Geissele triggers are tougher/ more reliable.

  • @msylvestre
    @msylvestre 2 роки тому

    This was very informative, straightforward and visuals helped a goddamn bunch! Thanks Sir.

  • @ascarta
    @ascarta 11 років тому

    this has to be one of the best vids, i think i actually understand the difference now rather then have some vague idea! liked how you both told and showed the info. Here is the real question though, is it really worth all that extra cash? Every two stage trigger i see costs a ton more.

  • @davidkoeck3695
    @davidkoeck3695 8 років тому

    thanks for the video finally am able to understand between the single stage and 2 stage trigger excellent excellent video thank you very much

  • @CPHannigan
    @CPHannigan 11 років тому

    It's all up to what the shooter likes. On a semi auto, I love two stage triggers. On bolt guns, I love single stage triggers. Either type will work just fine as a target or combat trigger. As I said, it's up to the shooter. The military uses a very heavy single stage trigger. This helps reduce the amount of negligent discharges. The single stage triggers also have less parts, less to break. Overall, single and two stage triggers are both perfectly reliable.

  • @segua
    @segua 11 років тому +1

    Thank for reducing my headache to a small roar. Visual > text. Thank you

  • @wingmanjim6
    @wingmanjim6 11 років тому

    If everything else were equal, the second hammer hook system has lower stresses on the sear/hammer contact surfaces, minimizing wear and also lessening the force necessary to release the hammer.

  • @TheGina2003
    @TheGina2003 11 років тому

    so, what will happen if you cut down the disconector? Full-Auto or a gun with no controle that shoot all its rounds out?

  • @Jordan-ql6tm
    @Jordan-ql6tm Рік тому

    Great video very well done, appreciate this type of content .

  • @troymayo
    @troymayo 11 років тому +1

    Great informative video with nice closeups! Good job, keep them coming!

  • @mikepks
    @mikepks 2 роки тому

    Thank you very much for sharing this Knowledge. Clear and Precise. God Bless.

  • @paracrazy78233
    @paracrazy78233 9 років тому

    OUTSTANDING VIDEO! Thanks for posting this.

  • @gedgar2000
    @gedgar2000 6 років тому

    Superb. I now understand, and I didn't before. I don;t think it could be improved, so why the thumbs down? Incomprehensible. 'Strange people out there.