Your series of videos on gear changing for threading and turning has been very helpful. I have been in the machining world for 40 years. I have always had the luxury of lathes with quick change gear boxes, so I never had to do manual changes. I finally bought a Craftsman/Atlas lathe about 2 years ago from a widower for my little shop at home. It's in excellent condition and has all the gears and manuals. It holds tolerances very nice but it's a hobby lathe, no hog cutting here. I think it was made in the 60's. But I have never played with the gearing to do threading, and I love to cut threads. Now after seeing you UA-cam videos am going to start threading at home. Thanks
Thanks Mr. Pete for all the time and effort to make these videos. Always a pleasure to watch and learn something small or big from your gracious efforts to teach those that want to learn! Also love the perspective it gives to how far we have come in ~150yrs of machining and glad that I was able start with the basics that I have to make things and learn something every day. ~PJ
not sure if you guys gives a shit but if you're stoned like me atm then you can stream all the new movies and series on Instaflixxer. I've been streaming with my brother for the last few days :)
Thanks Mr Pete for this series on the atlas change gears. I have an Atlas with the Pick-O-Matic gear train. It was the precursor to the quick change system. This has been an inspiration to me to do more with my lathe. I have cut some external threads with it that came out pretty good. My next project will be cutting internal threads.
@ should work great, I have all the gears to do this setup. I watched your video on metric treads & not sure I have the spare lead screw gears. You have any tips on interrupted facing? Chipped a few carbide inserts trying to make a t nut for the tool post. It did come with a mill attachment, but not the oem one.
This reminds me why I am thankful (since it is nearly Thanksgiving - or just after in Canada) that I have a quick-change gearbox on my 9" Southbend. When it takes that much effort to change feeds, the temptation is to get along with a less-than-ideal feed rather than change it. Not ideal for a general-purpose lathe where no two jobs are likely to be the same. (On my mid-'60s 9", the cross feed is .3 times the longitudinal feed.) I suppose that these change-gear lathes were intended for production, where a lathe setup man would experiment to find the ideal setting, and then a lathe operator would crank out parts day after day without having to make gear changes. Thanks for the video.
Thank you very much sir Tubalcain for your valuable series videos regarding lathe machine operation..this really enlightens some of my doubts for lathe..long life & much power to you sir!! regards, Rommel from Philippines
Bookmarked for when I get time to setup the Atlas 12" bench lathe. Need to tear it down and clean as the former owner let it set and get covered in dirt. It will be the backup for the Craftsman 12" floor model which has the QC gears. Amazing how many of these old gals are still around.
Thanks again Mr Pete for a great demonstration. But the wife was in the room listening and said unless I want sani-flush on my tooth brush , leave hers alone.
When I get my 12" Atlas back up and running I was going to go through the gears and math to see if it was possible to get a combination which could be mounted to get under the 0.0024 per rev fine feed. I assume if there was that Atlas would have included it somewhere, but thought it would be fun taking a look at it. As you mentioned, on that finest feed, some of the other gears do not have much clearance now.
I had that same noise from my Heavy 10 and figured out that the reverse tumbler gears were the cause. I installed some ball bearings in place of the plain bearings and it made the thing perfectly quiet. I suggest you give it a try.
One thing you can try if you are not going to change the gearsets is use Chevron's Pinion Gear MS spray on the teeth. Word of warning though, don't touch those teeth after doing so. The spray will set up as a tacky lube after a couple days. Or if you leave it out in the sun, it will get hard. It was a soft spray form of grease that could be used in place of Texaco Crater. Crater being an open drive grease most commonly found used on Shay locomotive gears. The use of the MS spray quiets the gear noise on the backgears too. If you touch it, you'll know why the warning for at least a week and on your clothes, forever. My QC 12" has them coated with it and it really does quiet them down.
Almost all that noise is emitted from the the tumblers and the first compound. I've got my 10" running very quiet now from working hard on this area. I'm going to get it even better by bushing some of my looser fits still remaining. If you look, you'll find the bore on the fixed compound is wore out. I also see on of your tumblers moving laterally on the shaft quite a bit. Appreciate the hard work Mr. Pete. Do you know what I can buy a combine? I have 2 others I've yet to dial on the gear train on. Life is short and there are way too many ice cream cones between me and all my projects.
Hey Mr. Pete, for "fun" could you show us the math of the speed reduction on that gear train. I remember all the written tests for machinist had at least one complex gear train problem.
Hello, I purchased an Atlas 10D from a friend who is a gunsmith. I need to know where to attain a manual/operators guide like the one in your video. I'm also going to need some parts because the quadrant/banjo or bracket is broken. I'm also missing some gears and bushings to get the lead screw shaft to turn when engaged. It is missing a piece on the upper area so that the gear can't slide and be adjusted. Thank You in advance. Great videos! I'm going to use these as a tutorial to cut my teeth, so to speak.
Ahh yes the smell of Gear Oil. I remember when I was replacing a CV joint on my '92 nissan sentra. I had long hair at the time - and well when you take the CV joint out - the transmission dumps some of it's gear oil. I was under the car, Right onto my long hair did it all go - a sort of smelly machinist's/mechanics shampoo? :)
Hi Mr. Pete. I haven't watched your videos in a while and stumbled across your video on how the apron works on the Atlas lathe. Now I'm back enjoying your videos again including the "What Is It?" series. I can't help noticing how extra long that hinge bolt for the gear train cover is. Is there a reason for that? Thanks for the finely made videos.
I recently picked up an Atlas TH42 with a quick-change gearbox. (I'm brand new at this, experimenting and learning...) After watching your video, I immediately went to lower the feed rate for a better finish. Looks like I'm stuck with the feed rates that the quick-change allows, though. Is that true? Can feed rate be changed independently of spindle speed?
What are these things...I am especially interested in the three brass tools in the beginning and the third one you said you wore around your neck as a kid. Where do I find the answers? Thanks
Hi mrpete222, ive really enjoyed your videos. I bought an atlas th42 recently at an auction to teach myself some new skills... your videos have been useful to me in trying to get this thing going. Im missing a 20 tooth change gear and i want to try to make a new one. You have a video using a bridgeport to cut a new one, i was wondering if you could make a video using the index on the atlas lathe, im having trouble figuring out what pins to use... it has 60 holes and i need to cut 19 grooves? Any advise will be appreciated, thank you.
Thanks for the video. Thank goodness for the quick change modification. You mentioned you liked the smell of gear oil, does that hold true for used gear oil, i.e. from the rear axle of a vehicle? Just curious.
+Duncan “DunMac” Mac OTOH, the smell of sulphurated cutting oil smoke never grows old (for me, at least). It brings back childhood memories of when my grandfather would take me to the shop for the day.
+Peter W. Meek I hear what you're saying but that smell you remember is a bit different than the used oil in a vehicle differential. That's the smell I'm referring to.
+Duncan “DunMac” Mac Wait till you open up a 1980s Gravely and find the original gear oil in it. You'll never forget that smell. 30 year old oil takes on a smell of its own that even the new oil doesn't smell like. Your term, nauseating, is correct. Another word would be overpowering.
Shame on you. Only use your wife's toothbrush if the beareded lady at the hardware store is sold out! Another great video. Very enjoyable as always. Thank you.
Hello, I have two Atlas Craftsman lathes…… one has a quick change gear box and both are in need of repair. Any recommendations on a source for parts,… half nuts, cross slide nuts, apron parts? Thanks!
So I bought a atlas Craftsman lathe I think it's 12 in but I'm not sure it says Sears and roebuck so but it has a gigantic forge Chuck on it 4..jaw. and it came with a 10 in three jaw Chuck Cushman I believe. And I was just curious I have the thing all disassembled because that's the way I got it.. and I have no way of telling how the pulleys and the aluminum case are arranged on it I need to figure out where these sets of pulleys are going to be located based upon the location of the headstock like it looks like you're lathe they're right next to the headstock in the same case of that aluminum case it looks like it's all included right there so I'll try to do that I just recently made a wooden table that will accommodate this big lathe but the bed is probably oh 60 in Long and I only have one carbide braised cutter it's been a rough start for me I essentially sold the other lathe just to get tooling for this one I don't have but a micrometer 1 in starret (outside) and a general inside .2"-1.2" micro. And a terribly made general dial indicator that doesn't come back to zero and just gets stuck and a little tiny reamer set and some huge reamers 2" and one inch sizes with some kind of Morse taper on the male end and a steady rest a big one too with brass points inside it not rollers..but anyways thank you so much your videos help tremendously!
I just bought anAtlas 12 inch lathe. I was surprised at how awful it sounds- like someone rolling a garbage can with a shovel full of gravel In it down hill. Yours sounds similar. I am a newbie, is that how they usually sound?
Dear sir. I am a millwright by trade and for some time ive enjoyed and have a fascination for the knowledge that you share. all my life I've been around mechanical things. in the last year I have discovered an affinity for machining. It started when I spent some time working with the only qualified machinist at DC Cook nuclear power plant. I was on this man's crew and he noticed that I was very interested so we paired up. I am trying to get started and wish to purchase a mill and a lathe . my problem is what in your opinion would be the best lathe and the best mill to purchase to 1 grow in to for a beginner and 2 be able to expand and do complicated processes. also equipment that is easier to get parts for etc....any help in helping me get started would greatly be appreciated. I live in the southern suburbs of Detroit. If regional areas makes certain equipment easier to get and I have a heated 2 1/2 car garage that is currently my shop. thank you in advance. p.s. your videos are greatly appreciated I have watched quite a few. I also believe the not picking and negative comments are very rude. sincerely Chris Boyd
stubby lee couldn't count too far with his digits and being a math teacher that would've been a little frustrating, lol. HEY teacher? Mr. Pete? I just sold my south bend yesterday 9" model a I believe and I couldn't get the chuck to turn I ordered a chuck key for it but I just decided to sell it I'm already regretting it but it didn't have a proper quick change gearbox and also it didn't have a factory motor on it it also wasn't connected by a proper system either the guy that owned it before me had it connected to an riding mower transmission and put a flipping flat belt pulley on his riding mower transmission and then had that connected to the lathe and that was through or driven by an electric motor that had a regular v belt so it was combining two different belt types A v belt and a flat belt and also it was just really put together rather poorly the ways were flat and true yeah it was nice but the compound was kind of hard to actually it was all seized up when I got it and the compound screw was anyways I could go on and on about it but I'll leave another comment as to what my real question is
A pointless thought just occurred, yet I'll share it anyway, if one had a large number of finished banjo castings, and a whole slew of gears, one could set up each casting in all the possible manner of gear arrangements, then just switch between pre-assembled banjos to get the feed rate or thread pitch desired. Not as fast to change ratios as the qc gearbox, but faster than having to arrange the gear locations each time
Your series of videos on gear changing for threading and turning has been very helpful. I have been in the machining world for 40 years. I have always had the luxury of lathes with quick change gear boxes, so I never had to do manual changes.
I finally bought a Craftsman/Atlas lathe about 2 years ago from a widower for my little shop at home. It's in excellent condition and has all the gears and manuals. It holds tolerances very nice but it's a hobby lathe, no hog cutting here. I think it was made in the 60's.
But I have never played with the gearing to do threading, and I love to cut threads. Now after seeing you UA-cam videos am going to start threading at home.
Thanks
That is awesome, glad to see that I helped you with the gears
Thanks Mr. Pete for all the time and effort to make these videos. Always a pleasure to watch and learn something small or big from your gracious efforts to teach those that want to learn! Also love the perspective it gives to how far we have come in ~150yrs of machining and glad that I was able start with the basics that I have to make things and learn something every day. ~PJ
+pjsalchemy THANKS for watching!
not sure if you guys gives a shit but if you're stoned like me atm then you can stream all the new movies and series on Instaflixxer. I've been streaming with my brother for the last few days :)
@Draven London yea, I've been watching on InstaFlixxer for since november myself =)
Tubalcain, Thank you for your great videos.
Thank you very much. I just finished watching #220 through #224.
I just bought a Craftsman 101. With zero lathe experience, your vids are a huge help.
👍👍👍👍👍
Greetings from the oldest town in Texas, Nacogdoches. It is an old video yet still relevant to today. Thanks.
👍
Great Instructional Video !! 🤗
You remind me greatly of my Vocational Machine Trades School Instructors !!
Well Done Sir !! 🤗
Great videos! I’m slowly watching all like 1,000 videos teach I have a feeling I’m going to be going back to them often thank you !
Thank you for watching
Thank you for watching
@@mrpete222 thank you for teaching!
As always an evening spent with you is both entertaining and enlightening. Thank you sir.
Thanks Mr Pete for this series on the atlas change gears. I have an Atlas with the Pick-O-Matic gear train. It was the precursor to the quick change system. This has been an inspiration to me to do more with my lathe. I have cut some external threads with it that came out pretty good. My next project will be cutting internal threads.
+Gus Lint Thanks for watching
I always look forward to your videos not a bad one in the bunch! Thank you for your time to post these wonderful videos!
+Rosario W THANKS for watching . you are a faithful viewer
Thanks again for another great video! I’ll be doing this gear setup tomorrow.
I hope it works well for you.
@ should work great, I have all the gears to do this setup. I watched your video on metric treads & not sure I have the spare lead screw gears. You have any tips on interrupted facing? Chipped a few carbide inserts trying to make a t nut for the tool post. It did come with a mill attachment, but not the oem one.
I almost spit out my drink when you said to use your wife's toothbrush to clean the gears! Enjoyed the video greatly. Thanks Mr. Pete!
+MrGoosePit YES--THANKS for watching!
Sweet. Thanks Mr. Pete!
This reminds me why I am thankful (since it is nearly Thanksgiving - or just after in Canada) that I have a quick-change gearbox on my 9" Southbend. When it takes that much effort to change feeds, the temptation is to get along with a less-than-ideal feed rather than change it. Not ideal for a general-purpose lathe where no two jobs are likely to be the same. (On my mid-'60s 9", the cross feed is .3 times the longitudinal feed.)
I suppose that these change-gear lathes were intended for production, where a lathe setup man would experiment to find the ideal setting, and then a lathe operator would crank out parts day after day without having to make gear changes.
Thanks for the video.
+Peter W. Meek Thank you
Thank you very much sir Tubalcain for your valuable series videos regarding lathe machine operation..this really enlightens some of my doubts for lathe..long life & much power to you sir!!
regards, Rommel from Philippines
Thank you for watching
Great series. Already waiting for the next one. :-) Thanks for sharing. regards from the UK
+Gary C Thanks for watching
Mr. Pete, very informative as always.
Thanks,
John
+John Bazaar THANKS for watching!
Bookmarked for when I get time to setup the Atlas 12" bench lathe. Need to tear it down and clean as the former owner let it set and get covered in dirt. It will be the backup for the Craftsman 12" floor model which has the QC gears. Amazing how many of these old gals are still around.
+gravelydon THANKS for watching!----Sounds like a big job, but very satisfying
Thanks again Mr Pete for a great demonstration. But the wife was in the room listening and said unless I want sani-flush on my tooth brush , leave hers alone.
When I get my 12" Atlas back up and running I was going to go through the gears and math to see if it was possible to get a combination which could be mounted to get under the 0.0024 per rev fine feed. I assume if there was that Atlas would have included it somewhere, but thought it would be fun taking a look at it. As you mentioned, on that finest feed, some of the other gears do not have much clearance now.
+ILGopher THANKS for watching!--I'm working on a finer feed
I had that same noise from my Heavy 10 and figured out that the reverse tumbler gears were the cause. I installed some ball bearings in place of the plain bearings and it made the thing perfectly quiet. I suggest you give it a try.
+TheDisorderly1 Thanks
Super useful for my UK Myford lathe. Thank You!
+Springwood Cottage Thank you
One thing you can try if you are not going to change the gearsets is use Chevron's Pinion Gear MS spray on the teeth. Word of warning though, don't touch those teeth after doing so. The spray will set up as a tacky lube after a couple days. Or if you leave it out in the sun, it will get hard. It was a soft spray form of grease that could be used in place of Texaco Crater. Crater being an open drive grease most commonly found used on Shay locomotive gears. The use of the MS spray quiets the gear noise on the backgears too. If you touch it, you'll know why the warning for at least a week and on your clothes, forever.
My QC 12" has them coated with it and it really does quiet them down.
+gravelydon Thank you
Awesome as i said before thank you...Willie from Peoria Arizona
Great information, thanks
thank you sir.. always well explained and educational..
+Kevin Willis THANKS for watching!
Almost all that noise is emitted from the the tumblers and the first compound. I've got my 10" running very quiet now from working hard on this area. I'm going to get it even better by bushing some of my looser fits still remaining. If you look, you'll find the bore on the fixed compound is wore out. I also see on of your tumblers moving laterally on the shaft quite a bit. Appreciate the hard work Mr. Pete. Do you know what I can buy a combine? I have 2 others I've yet to dial on the gear train on. Life is short and there are way too many ice cream cones between me and all my projects.
+Crafted Thank you
Hey Mr. Pete, for "fun" could you show us the math of the speed reduction on that gear train. I remember all the written tests for machinist had at least one complex gear train problem.
+John C Thanks for watching
Thanks again Mr Pete!
+ShysterLawyer THANKS for watching!
Hello,
I purchased an Atlas 10D from a friend who is a gunsmith. I need to know where to attain a manual/operators guide like the one in your video. I'm also going to need some parts because the quadrant/banjo or bracket is broken. I'm also missing some gears and bushings to get the lead screw shaft to turn when engaged. It is missing a piece on the upper area so that the gear can't slide and be adjusted. Thank You in advance. Great videos! I'm going to use these as a tutorial to cut my teeth, so to speak.
Check vintage machinery.org for a manual, or eBay. eBay is your only source for parts
@@mrpete222 Thank You, I will.
Ahh yes the smell of Gear Oil. I remember when I was replacing a CV joint on my '92 nissan sentra. I had long hair at the time - and well when you take the CV joint out - the transmission dumps some of it's gear oil. I was under the car, Right onto my long hair did it all go - a sort of smelly machinist's/mechanics shampoo? :)
+cyberbadger I love it in the morning
Hi Mr. Pete. I haven't watched your videos in a while and stumbled across your video on how the apron works on the Atlas lathe. Now I'm back enjoying your videos again including the "What Is It?" series. I can't help noticing how extra long that hinge bolt for the gear train cover is. Is there a reason for that? Thanks for the finely made videos.
+TinkeringJohn I spoke too soon. I see that in #229, you explain why that bolt is used.
I recently picked up an Atlas TH42 with a quick-change gearbox. (I'm brand new at this, experimenting and learning...) After watching your video, I immediately went to lower the feed rate for a better finish. Looks like I'm stuck with the feed rates that the quick-change allows, though. Is that true? Can feed rate be changed independently of spindle speed?
What are these things...I am especially interested in the three brass tools in the beginning and the third one you said you wore around your neck as a kid. Where do I find the answers?
Thanks
+Julie Nutt Thank you-the answers will be in the upcoming video
Hi mrpete222, ive really enjoyed your videos. I bought an atlas th42 recently at an auction to teach myself some new skills... your videos have been useful to me in trying to get this thing going. Im missing a 20 tooth change gear and i want to try to make a new one. You have a video using a bridgeport to cut a new one, i was wondering if you could make a video using the index on the atlas lathe, im having trouble figuring out what pins to use... it has 60 holes and i need to cut 19 grooves? Any advise will be appreciated, thank you.
Thanks for the video. Thank goodness for the quick change modification. You mentioned you liked the smell of gear oil, does that hold true for used gear oil, i.e. from the rear axle of a vehicle? Just curious.
+Duncan “DunMac” Mac YES
+mrpete222 Wow, I have to say...to each his own. Personally I find the smell nauseating. The used oil that is.
+Duncan “DunMac” Mac OTOH, the smell of sulphurated cutting oil smoke never grows old (for me, at least). It brings back childhood memories of when my grandfather would take me to the shop for the day.
+Peter W. Meek I hear what you're saying but that smell you remember is a bit different than the used oil in a vehicle differential. That's the smell I'm referring to.
+Duncan “DunMac” Mac Wait till you open up a 1980s Gravely and find the original gear oil in it. You'll never forget that smell. 30 year old oil takes on a smell of its own that even the new oil doesn't smell like. Your term, nauseating, is correct. Another word would be overpowering.
Shame on you. Only use your wife's toothbrush if the beareded lady at the hardware store is sold out! Another great video. Very enjoyable as always. Thank you.
+Brandon Lund YEs--THANKS for watching!
Thank you as always.
+John Strange Thanks for watching
love the video!!! thank you!
Hello, I have two Atlas Craftsman lathes…… one has a quick change gear box and both are in need of repair. Any recommendations on a source for parts,… half nuts, cross slide nuts, apron parts?
Thanks!
Pretty much your only source of parts is feebay
Thread cutting gear calculation ,how i can do sir tell me
Two fellas known to me lost index fingers cleaning theyre motorcycle chain with the rear wheel propped up and the machine in gear and running .
+Steve Smith Yep--mighty dangerous
So I bought a atlas Craftsman lathe I think it's 12 in but I'm not sure it says Sears and roebuck so but it has a gigantic forge Chuck on it 4..jaw. and it came with a 10 in three jaw Chuck Cushman I believe. And I was just curious I have the thing all disassembled because that's the way I got it.. and I have no way of telling how the pulleys and the aluminum case are arranged on it I need to figure out where these sets of pulleys are going to be located based upon the location of the headstock like it looks like you're lathe they're right next to the headstock in the same case of that aluminum case it looks like it's all included right there so I'll try to do that I just recently made a wooden table that will accommodate this big lathe but the bed is probably oh 60 in Long and I only have one carbide braised cutter it's been a rough start for me I essentially sold the other lathe just to get tooling for this one I don't have but a micrometer 1 in starret (outside) and a general inside .2"-1.2" micro. And a terribly made general dial indicator that doesn't come back to zero and just gets stuck and a little tiny reamer set and some huge reamers 2" and one inch sizes with some kind of Morse taper on the male end and a steady rest a big one too with brass points inside it not rollers..but anyways thank you so much your videos help tremendously!
You will figure it all out, just stick with it. Go to vintage machinery.org, and find a parts diagram for that machine
If .0024 is too fast, wouldn't the set up for 80 or 96 T.P.I. be slower?
I just bought anAtlas 12 inch lathe. I was surprised at how awful it sounds- like someone rolling a garbage can with a shovel full of gravel In it down hill. Yours sounds similar. I am a newbie, is that how they usually sound?
The cast gears are noisy
Dear sir. I am a millwright by trade and for some time ive enjoyed and have a fascination for the knowledge that you share. all my life I've been around mechanical things. in the last year I have discovered an affinity for machining. It started when I spent some time working with the only qualified machinist at DC Cook nuclear power plant. I was on this man's crew and he noticed that I was very interested so we paired up. I am trying to get started and wish to purchase a mill and a lathe . my problem is what in your opinion would be the best lathe and the best mill to purchase to 1 grow in to for a beginner and 2 be able to expand and do complicated processes. also equipment that is easier to get parts for etc....any help in helping me get started would greatly be appreciated. I live in the southern suburbs of Detroit. If regional areas makes certain equipment easier to get and I have a heated 2 1/2 car garage that is currently my shop. thank you in advance.
p.s. your videos are greatly appreciated I have watched quite a few. I also believe the not picking and negative comments are very rude.
sincerely
Chris Boyd
Thanks for watching
Get a bridgeport & a south bend lathe. I have several vids on how to buy a lathe-search for them
thank you sir
stubby lee couldn't count too far with his digits and being a math teacher that would've been a little frustrating, lol. HEY teacher? Mr. Pete? I just sold my south bend yesterday 9" model a I believe and I couldn't get the chuck to turn I ordered a chuck key for it but I just decided to sell it I'm already regretting it but it didn't have a proper quick change gearbox and also it didn't have a factory motor on it it also wasn't connected by a proper system either the guy that owned it before me had it connected to an riding mower transmission and put a flipping flat belt pulley on his riding mower transmission and then had that connected to the lathe and that was through or driven by an electric motor that had a regular v belt so it was combining two different belt types A v belt and a flat belt and also it was just really put together rather poorly the ways were flat and true yeah it was nice but the compound was kind of hard to actually it was all seized up when I got it and the compound screw was anyways I could go on and on about it but I'll leave another comment as to what my real question is
A pointless thought just occurred, yet I'll share it anyway, if one had a large number of finished banjo castings, and a whole slew of gears, one could set up each casting in all the possible manner of gear arrangements, then just switch between pre-assembled banjos to get the feed rate or thread pitch desired. Not as fast to change ratios as the qc gearbox, but faster than having to arrange the gear locations each time
Yes, you could do that. But those banjo castings and extra gears, would cost far more than a quick change gearbox
thank you:)
That feed is so Slow you could do cylindrical grinding instead of turning ))
Yes
Thank you Tubalcain! :o) O,,,
+Opinionator52 THANKS for watching!
i used my wife's toothbrush as u said; she spit on me .
lol
Those machines are scarse in this part of the country.
+Charles Dyer Where are you located?
+Charles Dyer THANKS for watching!