How Do Oncolytic Viruses Kill Cancer Cells?

Oncolytic viruses have emerged as a promising new treatment modality for cancer. These viruses are genetically engineered to selectively infect and kill cancer cells while sparing normal, healthy cells. But how exactly do oncolytic viruses achieve this remarkable feat?
One of the key mechanisms by which oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells is through a process known as oncolysis. Oncolysis refers to the destruction of cancer cells by the virus, leading to their death. The virus enters the cancer cell and replicates within it, eventually causing the cell to burst and release more virus particles that can infect neighboring cancer cells.
Additionally, oncolytic viruses can also stimulate an immune response against the tumor. When the virus infects a cancer cell, it triggers an inflammatory response that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. These immune cells then target and destroy the infected cancer cells, further aiding in tumor elimination.
Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells through a combination of direct oncolysis and immune stimulation. This dual mechanism of action makes them a promising tool in the fight against cancer and holds great potential for improving patient outcomes in the future.