There were also lots of German immigrants here in Sothern Ukraine in XVIII-XIX cc. My ancestors were German immigrants, too. That's why it is so amusing to me to hear by car radio: "Das Neue Bayern Rundfunk vom Kherson spracht!" when driving from Nikopol to Kherson.
Would love to learn Gothic / Crimean Gothic one day! The only problem is, the language is extinct and learning resources for it are limited as there's hardly anyone who speaks it just as well as their own language or at least to a basic level after digging through sources of linguistics to be able to transfer their knowledge onto books that provide a somewhat clear picture of how this astonishing East Germanic language looked like.
@Böðvarr Bjarki Crimean Goths were able to keep their culture and language for a long time because they have organised own national state - Theodoro Principality. They became vassals of the Ottoman Empire with the rights for internal autonomy. Then in 1775 Crimean peninsula was conquered by the Russian Empire, they were forcefully assimilated and their famous ancient bishopal library disappeared. Obviously because there were historic documents contradicting the official Russian history.
@Böðvarr Bjarki The Goths had three States- the Ostrogoths, Visigoths , and Crimean Goths. They had a hierarchy, laws, taxes, and an army. This means the state. As a Russian , I'm also very sorry that the Goths have not survived to this day .
@@igorvoloshin3406 The official language of Theodoro was Greek. The language the rulers spoke was Greek as well. There never was a "Crimean Gothic nation"
I love how you showed languages diverging by using gradually changing colors. It shows that languages don't just start being separate languages at a certain point, but gradually become different from each other as time passes. I also love how you put a world map in the corner to show the global spread of English and Dutch, and the emergence of Afrikaans. I would love to see more videos like this on other language families, possibly some non-European ones like the Dravidian, or Uralic languages. Or maybe showing several language families at once in one map.
I agree but I wish that he would give viewers his sources. There are three very different types of sources which he is blending in these language maps. Not telling viewers about that makes it seem like this is more definitive knowledge on a precise timeline at points. In history where we only have very rough estimates. Those rough estimates end up presented on equal footing with modern history where specific dates are far more well-documented.
If anyone is confused about the versions of German: Upper German + Central German = High German Low German is actually closer to Low Franconian/Dutch and Frisian Standard German = Artificial dialect, 80% Central German, 20% Upper German Low German speakers basically had to learn it as a foreign language, replacing the native tongue, while Upper German is usually more compatible. That's why the South kept far more dialects.
A bunch more interesting facts: Yes, there are still some speakers of pure Low German left, but it's dying out rapidly Frisian is also endangered The development of the High German dialects was most likely kickstarted by the Lombard invasion of Italy, whose language most likely started some very important sound shifts south to north. Lombardic itself was therefore basically a southern extension of the Upper German dialectal area. Unlike the Bajuvarii and Alemanni they were however a small minority in a sea of Vulgar Latin/Old Italian speakers and apart from some tiny pockets their language mostly died out. For the longest time, Berlin was almost an enclave (technically more a "peninsula") of Central German in a sea of Low German. That stopped being noticable when the latter started to be replaced on the countryside as well Due to rapid economic development and a population boom of northern areas like the Ruhr area and the political importance of places like Hannover in the 19th century, the "northern" (northwestern) way of pronouncing Standard German became dominant during the 20th century, even though said regions didn't even speak it originally! Therefore, bigger cities in the south like Munich are novadays enclaves of Standard German with a northern sound to it in a sea of traditonal Upper German dialects. The formerly German speaking regions to the East just extended the traditional language areas as it was settled west to east - the Sudetenland spoke both Upper and Central, Silesia spoke Central and Pommerania Low German, East Prussia both of the latter National borders do not follow dialectal borders at all - Luxemburg, Switzerland and Austria speak basically the same dialects as the neightbouring German regions. In other words, those borders were not drawn based on (sub) ethnicity but political developments The very diverse "Highest Alemannic" dialects of Switzerland (not to be confused with Swiss Standard German) are usually regarded to be the least intelligible for people from other regions.
Langobard or Lombard language is believed to be the initiator of the High German consonant shift starting around 600CE and has been probably a Old High German dialect. It's fascinating that Lombard is still perceivable in modern High German. Examples of this important development in the German language are p-->pf, st-->scht, ð/t-->d, k-->ch and so on. Apple -->Apfel, stone-->S(ch)tein, this-->dies, make-->machen
Stein isn’t an example of that shift; furthermore, the shift of /θ/ to /d/ didn’t just affect High German but also Dutch and Saxon/Low German at least. I’m not sure about Frisian, but English and Icelandic I think are the only major Germanic languages to still preserve that sound.
@@atleast400demogorgons3 "Is" is a cognate of "es" in Spanish from Latin "EST." German "ist" is from Latin, or else they share a root in an Indo-European or Aryan ancestor.
@@barbatvs8959 They're cognates because they are both indo-european langauges, not because "is" comes from Latin (which it doesn't). Edit: Here's "is" in proto-Germanic: www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?&D1=98&T1=*wesan%C4%85
I am from Omsk, this city is located in Siberia, Russia. We used to have a large German minority (as in the Altai Territory), but today you can hardly find a person who could talk to you in German. Many left, those who remained tripled their language and are indistinguishable from Russians. Therefore, I believe that the German minority is too brightly marked on the map, in fact it no longer exists. PS Born and lived in Omsk until I was 18, I met only ONE person who spoke German well
Жаль что так(( я живу на юге, у нас тут немецкий даже не учат в школах. Ну такое у меня мнение. Я с иняза , у нас на факультет с немецким практически не поступают уже , учат уже в унике с нуля
Thanks for your comment. My grandmother’s family came from Siberia and spoke German. Later they relocated to Königsberg. She met my grandfather in Frisia. So my mother tongue became Frisian.
В Омской области почти любой новорожденный казах не может изучать казахский, но от этого он не забудет кто его предок, каков его народ.А немецкий спокойно могут изучать в школе
@@mikoajbojarczuk9395 dokladnie. Są dowody że słowianie żyją dłużej od germanów. Nie wiem jakim prawem w branderburgii przed naszą erą jest język germański. Tamte tereny od dawna zamieszkiwali słowianie a Niemcy poprostu zabrali te ziemię dopiero jakoś w 700 czy 800 roku w naszej erze.
@@berserkr6499 Jeśli potrafisz napisać, proszę o źródło danych o Słowianach w Brandenburgii w czasach późnego Rzymu ) Możesz nawet pobierać źródła w języku polskim (ale lepiej w języku angielskim)))
@@berserkr6499 jakas komunistyczna bzdura. Słowianie moze i zyli dluzej, ale bardziej daleko na wschód. To, że słowianie przez jakiś czad byli aż nawet w zachodniej brandenburgii nic nie znaczy.
Old English was definitely spoken in Devon by 1066. Cornwall was mostly English speaking by 1550. Southwest Wales (sometimes called 'Little England Beyond Wales') has been English speaking since around the 12th/13th centuries. There was also the Yola tongue that descended from Middle English in Ireland and lasted until the 18th century. English and Scots were both prominent in Antrim in Northern Ireland by 1700 as a result of the Plantations- the settling on Scots and Englishmen there.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki They were too militant and not flexible enough to survive in the new lands, to the flexibility of the Gypsies and Jews they were far away.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki They were aristocrats, but in the minority and therefore assimilated into less warlike peoples, as is the example of the later Germans in Normandy and Russia.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki You know we conquered half of Europe, too? The French were even ruled by Germanic People (see Charlemagne) and have adopted Frankish words. We colonized Iceland, Greenland, Australia, New Zealand and most of North America. Most of Africa uses English to communicate and did you ever hear about Afrikaans? We have more (overseas) territory than you slavs, so forget it. Most of today technology comes from Germans, Americans and Englishmen. And cuz ur a butthurt Pole...PRUSSIA
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki I'm sorry, what? What i'm speaking right now is English. Am i from an English speaking country? No. Just because we speak a language fluently or speak it as a mother tongue doesn't mean anything. A person can be spoken and teached to in 2 languages, which the person would probably learn both of them. Plus, the British Empire at a time invaded almost 90% of the world. Slavs, i don't think they would even come close to 20%.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki Yeah, "you slavs were friendly to people" haha acting like the Kosovo war and the intense beef that still happens in the Balkans never existed, huh? I'd rather be Non-Balkan then Slavic. Plus, hmm, how many countries speak a language related to Germanic? I'll leave it to you to find the answer, but you'll probably say 4 or 5 bc you all live in a terrible vision where Slavs are the best. They're not!
Similar to Minute 2:50 in the east. Expulsion of Germans by Slaves. Two times in history . But in 1945 it was more then an genocide then in the 6. century, but in 6. century it was probably not always peaceful.
This is so wrong.. I have no words... I'm curious why so called germans cant read old, runic script found in Germany today.. cause Przemyslav or Lech are Germanic names.. oh wait, I can read them!!!🙄👌
@@williamhu2630 so I guess that 6000 y/o remains found and tested in Poland few years ago that show r1a1a y-DNA was just a flick of imagination of the researchers just as more than 2000y/o remains found in kurgan in eastern Poland and many finds in today's Gernany showing R1a gene in ancient 1000s y/o remains and runic tablets found sealing slavic marriage with Swastica at the top. Hm....
It’s because Austria was the one to standardise German force typewriters showed up, and their written form was the one sold on papers across the German speaking world for a time iirc. The path typewriters sent languages down is interesting, it made many more standardised and carved more definitive lines on what was which sister language for the survivors. It’s why Dutch finally became so undoubtedly more than just a German dialect, previously it’s regional variance made a line between the German and Dutch dialects unfindable until they were all brought closer to either option, Vienna or Amsterdam speech.
@@CostasMelas It's quite a big part of the Netherlands, although less spoken in certain areas nowadays. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Low_German#/media/File:Koart_Leegsaksisch.png
Ingwia Fraujaz what is this abomination? :O we’d need a standardised writing system for all dialects low German, but oddballs like Westfalian (my grandma’s native language, barely understandable by people from Kiel or Emden) and Netherlands nedersaksisch make it difficult...
They didn't adapt to the changing climate (little ice age started about then) iirc. There aren't any real written records of that period in Greenland, sadly, so it's all interpretations of archaeological evidence and the few written mentions of contact with them that exist.
@Fro Ing They say that big rock scratches on earth walls prove that glaciers passed by long ago, but a great flood could have brought big rocks across those walls. They say an ice bridge connected America with Asia but there is no need for the ice age to explain Native Americans coming from Siberia, as they could have come by boats.
@@barbatvs8959 That earth has undergone major temperature shifts is largely borne out by evidence. Please do not assert that this is somehow "atheist" as you are placing limits on what God is capable of.
@@Zorro9129 It's atheistic in that it contradicts the Bible, so I guess it is anti-Christ to be exact. The Bible doesn't allow for some ice age. Neither is there proof.
I find it interesting that for each of the 3 west-germanic language groups one language managed to stay relevant (North-Sea = English, Rhein-Weser = Dutch, Elbe = German) to this day.
@@atbing2425 As far as i know the classification roughly corresponds to the 3 groups of western germans the romans identified. The Irminones, Ingvaeones and Istvaeones. So each of those groups survived to this day in one major european language.
@@SaudiHaramco yes but the division is on what counts as what is a bit arbitrary. Plus, German is just as north sea Germanic (low German) as Weser Rhine Germanic (central German) as Elbe Germanic (upper German). Though I guess standard German counts as Elbe.
Your maps are based of FALSE or misinterpreted EVIDENCE. There were NO so called ""germanic" languages on territory of Poland and former GDR /East Germany/ until year 1230 AD. NONE whatsoever, zero.
In westfriesland in Netherlands they still speak it as far as I know, but in Ostfriesland it's distinct since long time, so in Germany it is only still spoken in Nordfriesland and Saterland, and even there it nearly disappeared
@Mershikov fries is ok gen taal zenne. Da's ok een dialect. West Vloms kunde ni vergelijken me keeskops Zenne ze, ma ja, belachelijke kiekes gelak ast gij hedde overal zekers.,.
Great job. But I note a few minor inaccuracies. Until the 19th century, a small Slavic language existed in the center of northern Germany, it's Polabian (or Vendian), i.e. this small area was not homogeneously German-speaking from the 8th century to the 19th. On the contrary, as far as I know, most of East Prussia (its central and western parts) were homogeneously German-speaking from the late medieval, the area of the Prussian language gradually declined and by the 17-18th century remained only in small areas west of Königsberg. There was a fairly clear division of East Prussia into the Low German and High German parts. Pomerania was also homogenously German-speaking from the late Middle Ages to 1945. Slavic speech (primarily Kashubian language) was preserved only in some eastern regions. Like most of Silesia and Sudetenland.
East Prussia was primarily Prussian Lithuanian... No idea what you're talking about. There's a reason why it was historically known as Lithuania Minor. It was not homogenously German in the slightest. Low Prussian German and Lithuanian were both commonly used
@@compatriot852 I wrote quite clearly that I am talking about the most of it, and I mean primarily the western and central parts of East Prussia. That's exactly what I wrote in my comment. Lithuanian coexisted with German only in the eastern part, where it replaced the related Old Prussian language.
@@CostasMelas There is also problem with the time when Germanic tribes appeared in Pomerania. It was in 2. century BC not in 6 century BC as you marked. Initially, it was jus area next to Oder river. Some major spreading of East Germanic people started in 1. century AD. You have also marked not correctly eastern border of range of Germanic languages in 6.-8. century AD. The border between Germanic and Slavic tribes was on Elbe river (Lubeka was Slavic) and extended south to Salzburg. The later period is also slightly off.
@@Niedersachse40 North is flemish (dutch dialect) south is walloon (french). Modern belgium is a meme, they have separate political systems, newspapers, media etc. A hostage situation between the rich north and poor south.
1:56 The Norse were very conservative in their speech, despite the inevitability of change. As a result, Proto-Norse was spoken in a manner similar to Old North Germanic for a far longer period than the other dialects were spoken in their own respective manners before diverging further into separate languages. The Proto-Norse period extends at maximum from 100 AD to about 700 AD, although in practicality it's more likely narrowed down to between 300 AD - 600 AD. Proto-Norse undergoes a language collapse right around the Year 600 where, for whatever reason, it loses a considerable amount of it's futhark and is forced to represent the same sounds with far fewer runes, and sound changes accompany this change to accommodate the shift. The moment the sound changes came, and their words went from being represented with 24 runes to 16 runes, is the moment you go from speaking Proto-Norse to proper Old Norse completely by around the Year 650.
I'm just amazed, this is EXACTLY what I was looking for! I'm just... I don't have words, someone made EXACTLY the video I was thinking should exist, thank you very much, I love you!
I live in Germany and didn't know that either. Also interesting to see that low German developed from the same language as Frisian and English, unlike standard German.
If you go a century back, Germany likely had many tenths of thousands of municipalities. In case of traditional dialects of Dutch or German, every village, town, hamlet and sometimes even street used to have its own characteristics in dialect. Someone who spoke a local dialect would have recognized that you were from a place a kilometre east of your home based on a couple of sentences. Considering municipalities weren't reserved for every hamlet or village, you can understand that there may have been even more variations of German (in the hundred thousand?). Standardisation killed that off.
As for Low German, when I hear someone speak a pure dialect of Low German, it doesn't even sound German to me anymore (from a Dutch perspective). A little more than a century ago, there was even still a movement that wanted to separate northern Germany from the rest of Germany and unite it with the Netherlands, parts of Belgium and the northern part of France. The so-called "All Dutch Movement".
Sadly you can see in the south-west border: Alsatian (Alemanic, Upper german) and Lorraine Franconian (Central german) vanishing after WWII, when Alsace-Moselle returned to France....Nowadays, only 10% children still speak those languages..
La France a récupéré l'alsace-moselle en 1918 pas 1950, mais il est clair que l'état a tout fait pour que les langues régionales et étrangères disparaissent
Mixing modern language designations with old ones creates to many misconceptions.The germanic languages of nothern France were old Friso-saxon along the coasts and Low Franconian (Salian Frankish). Flemish was an old low Franconian with a greater Friso Saxon substrate the most coastal and westward you go (The now extinct French flemish, west flemish, and Zeeuws). Also the map does not take into account the historical marine transgressions into Flanders and the situation in Zealand before the polderisation.
Where are Suebian, Vandalic, Gepidic, Burgundian, Lombardic, Jutish languages, Saxon language in England(Essex, Sussex, Wessex), Norse language in Southern Italy and modern Faroese language?
There was no separate dialect of the Saxons, Angles and the Jutes during the colonization of England. Their languages belongs to North Sea Germanic, separation of this occurred in the 6th century. The other spoke forms of the Gothic language except of the Suebi and the Lombards that are noted with different colours
the normans in Sicily and southern Italy were already all french speaking when they conquered those areas (as shown on the map, norse was only a minority language in Normandy during the 900's and quickly disappeared in early 11th century, before the conquest of Sicily and southern Italy).
You forgot to put English as a secondary/tertiary language in the Philippines. During the first half of the 20th century, it slowly replaced Spanish as the language of education there.
@Emir Mohamed Al-Bergha Yeah I know, everyone knows that. It's just like the status of English in India or in parts of Africa. But unlike those areas, it was the Americans who introduced it to the Philippines not the British.
You are entirely missing Yiddish, which has been around for nearly 10 centuries and brought Germanic language farthest east into even Russia (therefore spoken by millions throughout history).
100%. It was spoken by 10 million throughout Europe (mostly Eastern Europe) before World War II, but today most of its speakers (numbering a couple of hundreds of thousands) live in the US, Israel, Canada and Australia.
***Thank you very much for the really good job!*** It's amazing to observe, how the languange group can show the history of the kindred nations! I would recommed it to the schools :-) About the Crimean Gothic: hadn't it dissappeared already to the end of XVIII century?
It’s sad that languages such as Low Saxon is dying out, also, I thought gutnish was just a dialect of Swedish, can someone give me some sources to more gutnish info?
Hi, I'd like to point out that Frisian was actually spoken along the western northsea coast of the low countries (and a substantial amount inward) up until around the 7th century, but in regions like holland, specifically the North. It's speculated to have been spoken there around the 13th century. Someone tell me if I'm wrong, I'm not a linguist.
@@SuperStriker7US Racist? Dude we lost 6 million civilians. That was second (after Belarus) highest percent of dead civilians in country's population. Imagine that country with 300 million people lose 100 millions in 6 years. And look at cities after WW2, example: Warsaw. Plus we have all of our teritory that we had at beginning of our country. HRE took it from us 1000-900 years ago. Germany has still old slavic land, like Berlin. Berlin area was slavic. Look at map at this side: www.salon24.pl/u/lusatia/713115,historia-stosunkow-niemiecko-slowianskich-czesc-ii, and think before you say something.
@@Deksus What about the 12 Millions Germans that were killed, raped, or executed after the war? And what about these Polish racists saying that all germans are nazis, and that germany has to pay. This is nothing sort of barbaric.
@@SuperStriker7US becuase Germany should have paid for the damages done during WW2 just like Russia. ALL of our cities except for Lublin (partially) and Lviv(which isnt ours anymore) were destroyed almost completely. Germany killed around 20% of our entire population. You absolutely demolished us, even after collapse of Soviet Union, Poland was 2nd poorest in terms of GDP per capita amongst the Eastern bloc countries. We are catching up but will never reach your position becuase Western countries are sucking our educated(as well as uneducated) population dry. We will be one of the oldest countries(oldest population) in few decades. You will still thrive becuase of emigration from eastern european countries to your country (also becuase of emigration from Syria/Turkey etc. as long as they integrate well, also for your information I am one of the poles that do agree we should have taken in at least some refugees, not that it matters in this disscussion). It is unreal how much damage that Germany has done to Poland. I realize that young Germans have nothing do to with this, but don't say that Poland doesn't deserve war reparations; it absolutely does and will never get it from either side. Our only hope is that people that emigrated from Poland come back with their kids in the next years, but that won't happen. Poland will be in shit spot in 20 years only because of events of World War 2 and communism times in Poland which were also an effect of WW2. Also the 12 million germans killed is an greately exaggerated number and Poles were not responsible for the expulsions. The Soviets were, and even if they weren't expulsed from the new territories of Poland, they would be greatly opressed becuase of what Nazi Germany did to Polish people. They would emigrate on their own.
The date of division between the languages from Common Germanic is likely not as early as presented here. North Germanic/Proto-Norse probably didn't branch of for a couple hundred years after the dates presented here. Germanic languages were most likely not that diverse that early on and would've been indistinguishable until around 100 A.D. to 200 A.D.
Nice work again. I guess slavic languages are next. I have one request, after finishing with all families left, can you do a video showing all languages families on the same map of europe (latin, greek, germanic, slavic, etc). I know it might be tough and take your time, but it would be nice.
@@CostasMelas I know that you already made a video of the Indo-European languages but that if you do another one but that unlike the languages are not grouped in their groups if not that they see as in the video
@@CostasMelas I have never seen a video of the Indo-European languages complete with the 140 languages that make up I know that that is complete madness and that there are not even enough colors for that
Realized now that this great video is missing Yiddish, which used to be one of the larger west germanic languages. Yiddish would also be a nice option for one of these standalone "spread of the ... language" videos of yours.
Estonia came under Danish rule (Hertugdømmet Estland) in 1219, the Estonian capital Tallinn was established literally by the Danes. Danish language was definitely widely spoken since that time till at least 1346 when the Teutonic order took over. Ösel island, or Saaremaa was under Danish rule even more. Then in 16-17 centuries the Danes came back to Estonia big time again! Why it's not marked as the area of Danish and Swedish speech?
Because it was treated as external fiefs and not a part of Denmark Proper. Like colonies, you wouldn't care what language people spoke as long as they paid their taxes.
us the alsatian almost lost our languages, not like the basques or bretons who keep their culture cause it's unique, they are the majority of their group, finding soemone who speak alsatian isin't as rare as finding soemone sorbian but it's getting as rare as it
Scania was not partially Swedish and partially Danish. It was fully Danish. The Danes are even thought to have come from there. Texts written by literal Scanians about battles between Denmark and Sweden are still there on monuments. Written in Danish. The region endured centuries of assimilation into Swedish culture, where 25% of the population was slaughtered in the late 1600's and early 1700's. It's a great video, but as a Scandinavian I obviously noticed that error lol.
@@guleet75 the vast majority of linguists and historians that have studied the subject agree with me, i literally only know about it because i have studied it for a project at university about cultural assimilation and language shifts.. Just Google scanian and snaphanerne. The modern consensus is that scanian was a dialect of Danish, forcefully made Swedish over centuries. Why in the world would the locals rise up to reunite with Denmark if they weren't danes.
Sehr interessant. Wobei beim Unterschied zwischen Ober-, Mittel- und Niederdeutsch hier in der Darstellung zu viel Gewicht gegeben wurde. Wenn man schon so nach Dialekten differenziert, hätte man dies auch in anderen germanischen Sprachen machen müssen. Wissenswert ist aber vor allem, dass Schlesien, Pommern und Böhmen (entgegen panslawischer Behauptungen) nicht urslawisch, sondern germanisch waren. Ich lege allen einmal das folgende, sehr sehenswerte Video ergänzend dazu an das Herz: ,,Europas germanisches Erbe"
@@horsti123654 So ein Unsinn, wir Bayern sind in erster Linie Deutsche. Gerade dieses dämliche Spaltertum und die Kleinstaaterei haben uns doch zum Spielball von Fremdmächten gemacht. Bayern ist seinen deutschen Brüdern schon öfter für den eigenen Vorteil in den Rücken gefallen, das muss endlich aufhören!
@@horsti123654 Niederdeutsch ist genau so ein Dialekt wie Bairisch auch, sonst würdet ihr diese "Sprachen" in der Schule lernen wie auch die Rechtschreibung. Ich lerne in Schweiz auch kein Schweizerdeutsch sonder Hochdeutsch wie in Deutschland, Österreich und Liechtenstein auch
Old Swedish language emigrated to west and south coast of Finland appr. in the beginning of 13th century. Without this immigration, we would not have Finland, as it looks today!!!
@@karlandersson6 started as immigration, but ended as crusaded when Sweden conquered the inhabited areas of modern day Finland (mostly central and eastern parts)
It is said that the disaster at the Teutoburg Forest indirectly led to the survival of Germanic languages and the subsequent creation of English & German. So thank Arminius that you aren't speaking a modern form of Latin.
Res Publica Yup thank god millions of innocent Germans that had nothing to do with World War Two were raped, killed, and forced from their homes by communists.
@@RoccoArgubright - wouldn't have happened if not the party that had been brought to power by Germans in democratic election (and whose leader's views were well known before elections to those who payed attention) had tried to conquer, subdue and conduct organised genocide against Slavic, Romani and Jewish population before, though. And it's very telling that a Soviet prisoner of war in German captivity had around 4 times bigger chance to die before returning home than a German prisoner of war in Soviet captivity, so yeah, the communists were no saints, far from it, but they were no match for the cruelty brought to the conquered lands by the country lead by a certain man remembered by his moustache and public speeches, who was in fact brought to power and supported by many (not all, true) common Germans.
@Joe Dim Low German is only spoken by older people who mostly live in the country. Only standard German is spoken in the cities. The children learned standard German at school, they learned Low German from their parents and grandparents, but the fewer parents there are that can, the faster a language is lost. I think in 100 years this language will be dead, just as many South German dialects are increasingly being replaced by Standard German (Written German Language). In my childhood (60 years ago) hardly a worker from a north German shipyard or a artisan spoke standard German. They all spoke Low German with each other, although they could also speak standard German. Today you have to look for people who can still speak Low German. It is sad because this language was also a parent of the English language.
@Joe Dim They try a little in schools, but it doesn't work if you don't communicate in this language. After school, the children speak to each other again in standard German.
@@hanselvogis7301 They do this in the local radio (NDR 1), but that's a short 5 minute story once or twice a day and a radio play once a week in the evening. That's not enough for children to learn. There are also programs in the school, but Low German is largely limited to volunteer working groups. It's all artificial and most of the time, even the teachers can't speak it properly anymore. If children don't hear and speak it every day, the language is no longer alive and it will die. In contrast to today, I was born in 1949 and learned this language from my parents and grandparents who spoke it at home. Later, in the 1960s, I learned a craft occupation. I was forced to speak the language because all of my colleagues did. If we were together, there was hardly any standard German spoken.
@@efthymiosanagnostos7427 Or iran, kurdistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, both ossetias, and finally the balachistanis plus a lot more And not including Turkmenistan
@@efthymiosanagnostos7427 Ancient Iranic Language spoke From Western China to Eastern Europe Amards Alans Parthians Persians Medians Scythians Sarmatians Sogdians Bactrians Massagetians Kushanians And etc... Most of Iranic Languages destroyed by arabs and turks
The funny thing is for me as a native Dutch i find Danish easier to read but Norse easier to hear and understand. Say 60%. But Danish sounds like throwing up though. There was a guy from Iceland here and he learned to speak Dutch in just a few weeks/months, i was really impressed by that and learned the languages were heavily connected.
@@weirdsearchhistory5876 You seriously know no history, after the teutoburg forrest Romans burned the whole Germania and a general even got his name from there, Germanicus. Western Rome didn't fall from Germanic People, in fact, Germanic people went there because of Huns
You could also have called "Middle Low German " "Middle Saxon" instead. I prefer that name because the speakers of the language called their language "sassesch" which translates to Saxon in English. No one at that time called it Low German. The situation is a bit more complex, though. The people in the southern parts of the Holy Roman Empire called the lamguage nederlendisch which is pretty much the term that is used in German today for Dutch (niederländisch). The Dutch on the other side called the Saxons ôsterlinge (Easterlings) and the language ôstersch (Easterish).
I like to point out that West Germanic was spoken even further to the south. Second. North Sea Germanic was also spoken in Holland and Zeeland (west side of the Netherlands) up to the 8th century.
@VNMX50 Yiddish is a Germanic language actually (Here is the family tree in which it belongs: Indo-european, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic, High German, Yiddish) and while it does use the Hebrew alphabet, spoken Yiddish can be understood to some degree by Germans (depending on the dialect of Yiddish). I've even found a PDF-file about Yiddish from the Columbia University that has Yiddish as one of their Germanic Language Program studies. And all websites I've found that are about Yiddish mention it as a Germanic language.
This should have included Yiddish! At the beginning of the 20th century there were 11-13 Million Yiddish speakers in the world, mainly in Europe and North and South America
@@ajrwilde14 Elhaik's methods are questionable, and his conclusions are widely considered to be erroneous. His support of the Khazar hypothesis should be alone enough to discredit him. Yiddish is almost certainly of Germanic origins, and then evolved in ways consistent with how you would expect with a Jewish German-speaking community living in Lithuania-Poland for over have a millenium.
Love the video, however it really bothered me how wrong the former norwegian areas of sweden are represented (like jemtland, båhuslen etc.) these areas definately spoke Norwegian back in the day and arguably still do
@@bertilhamren5338 Lidmål og Idre og Särna dialektene er uten tvil Norsk fortsatt I dag, Jemtlandsk, Herjedalsk og Båhuslensk er mer Svensk men har fortsatt sitt utspring fra Norsk ettersom disse områdene ble Svensk først på 16-1700 tallet
@@mahakalabhairava9950 Well, there never really was a 'Celtic' race of people. Just various tribes that the Romans called Celtic. The pre-Saxon people of Britain and Ireland spoke Celtic languages, and the people didn't die out (only the SE of England is completely Anglo-Saxon. Wales is about 30%, Scotland similar to Wales, and Ireland had an Anglo-Protestant ruling class installed but they left very little mark on the overall gene pool of the country). But their languages became close to dying, most of them are native English speakers now. The people became culturally anglicised.
@@cigh7445 lol south east england is not "complely anglo-saxon" if you look at research and studies youll find its less than 45% germanic. only yorkshire and east midlands reach the 45-50% mark.
So basically as an English speaker I speak some evolved form of North Sea Germanic with lots of French words adopted. What I'm still confused about is how French came to be and then how French had an impact on English
Old english and frisian are very similar, yet they rarely get a mention when describing the anglo-saxons invasion. And yes for a long time your ruling class was from norman descend, hench the pinch of frog in your tongue 🤣
In 1066 William the Conqueror of Normandy invaded and took over England. Thus, the Norman dialect of French became the language of the aristocrats and ruling families. The common people, wanting to sound and be more "refined", started speaking Norman French here and there, causing a lot of influence in English.
The Normans conquered England in 1066, they only spoke French, so the peasants started to incorporate French words into their language, eventually resulting in modern English.
The French language came to existence a long time ago, in the times of the Germanic-Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire, the Frankish tribes came to Gaul (France) and adopted vulgar Latin as their native language, so after a few decades several dialects appeared on what is now France, in the south of France, less Germanized and with less influence of the Franks, arouse the Languedoc, or Occitan, in the north of France appeared the Lange d'oil, a number of distinct dialects that evolved from Vulgar Latin, and a significant presence of Frankish influence, one of them, the Francien, appeared in the 9th century AD, and these Lange d'oil had a Celtic substrate, which the Occitan dialects didn't have because those areas, in the south of France came under Roman control, therefore, Latin, before than the northern parts of France. The Francien, one of the Lange d'oil became the lingua franca of the French kingdom gaining prominence above the others which eventually led to known as French in later centuries, the French influence that entered English was not of the proper Francien dialect, the Normans, which were pagan viking raiders, were given the area of Normandy, where it derives its name, learned the dialect that was spoken there, which was later known as the Norman French, after that, Norman French was the official language of the Kingdom of England and Normandy and it remained to be the official language for three hundred years, which eventually led to influence the English language, borrowing many many words from it and dropping the Old English ones, which were abandoned and forgotten in favor of Norman French, though keeping at the same time a significant amount of Germanic words(Old English) in the language
I miss the Belgians (Ceasar described the Belgians as original germanic Speakers, which adopted celtic languages) and later the Franks in northern France and the Alemanni in southern France, which were original germanic Speakers, which adopted romanic languages.
I wouldn't take Caesar's word for granted here. He wasn't a linguistic or historian but a foreign politician and general, he mismatched many tribes and in general Roman writers aren't very thoughtful when describing "barbarian" peoples. What Caesar described as the Belgae were Celtic, Germanic and mixed peoples, I think he just collectively named the peoples in this certain area that way, so it's just a geographical classification.
@@antonjakobhaep960 A study at the university of Antwerp showed that most of the Flemish DNA is from Germanic tribes. There were cultural differences between Celtic and Germanic tribes, that would probably have been evident. www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/gn0n8l5u
@@Elaud I'm not fluent in Dutch but I think I understood the article. I wasn't saying that the Belgae were fully Celtic, I was just trying to express that Caesar's texts have to be questioned. I wish the article was a bit more precise because France, Germany and England and genetically very dynamic regions. And the article unfortunately doesn't provide much depth either, figures or statistics would be nice.
More like Celtic speakers, who adopted Germanic dialects after Germanic expansion and made Belgium very linguistically mixed. Just look in this video how Benelux and southern Germany weren't fully Germanic until around the first decades of CE
You could make northern Sweden fully blue. There are like 20k samis here and most of them can't even speak sami. Very good videos, history of language maps are my favourits!!
Old Norse was a lot more widespread; spoken in parts of Great Britain, Ireland, Normandy and even along the Baltic Sea extending into Russia. In Scotland it evolved into Norn and continued to be spoken until the mid-19th century.
It is still up for debate whether pre viking age jutland and the Jutes spoke north or west germanic, although I think they probably most likely spoke proto norse, since they were probably connected to the geats.
For it to spread as much as it did when it did is so incredible. To spread that much when the odds are so very much not in your favor is incredible. It's something the Celtic and Slavic languages didn't have to deal with.
I'd say you forgot Vandalic but it must have been so close to Gothic that you can put it in the same camp. *"Africaans" is spelt "Afrikaans", even in English.
It is a dispute thing. Because some scientists consider Vandals to be Slavs or Balts because of R1a1 DNA haplogroup (or germanized Slavs/Balts). In ancient sources Vandals were known as Vandilii or Vendilii. Germanic tribes called the Slavs as "Vend". Germans still call Luzatians (nowadays the most westetn Slavic folk on the territory of Saxony and Brandenburg) as "Wende". The Slavs of Prague-Korchak arch.culture also called themselves as "Venedy". There were many Slavic and Germanic arch.cultures between the Elbe and the Vestula and it is very difficult to definite them.
@@elbuggo this was some 500 years before unification of Sweden. These Germans have been related to Swedish and propably understood language of each other to some extent (like all Germans 2000 years ago), but impossible to say if it has been same language and tribe.
Don’t cry because it’s over
Smile because it happened
RIP Crimean Goth
Southern Ukrainian people often has blonde hair and Germanic looks. Goths were not disappeared, they were assimilated.
? History isnt over...
There were also lots of German immigrants here in Sothern Ukraine in XVIII-XIX cc. My ancestors were German immigrants, too. That's why it is so amusing to me to hear by car radio: "Das Neue Bayern Rundfunk vom Kherson spracht!" when driving from Nikopol to Kherson.
@@igorvoloshin3406
>Southern Ukrainian people often has blonde hair and Germanic looks
Lmao
And Germans lost to the Slavs... Again!
I am amazed crimean gothic held out for as long as it did separated from the rest of the family. Too bad this unique language vanished.
Would love to learn Gothic / Crimean Gothic one day! The only problem is, the language is extinct and learning resources for it are limited as there's hardly anyone who speaks it just as well as their own language or at least to a basic level after digging through sources of linguistics to be able to transfer their knowledge onto books that provide a somewhat clear picture of how this astonishing East Germanic language looked like.
Even more amazing since the last Gothic nation was conquered by the Ottomans in 1475
@Böðvarr Bjarki Crimean Goths were able to keep their culture and language for a long time because they have organised own national state - Theodoro Principality. They became vassals of the Ottoman Empire with the rights for internal autonomy. Then in 1775 Crimean peninsula was conquered by the Russian Empire, they were forcefully assimilated and their famous ancient bishopal library disappeared. Obviously because there were historic documents contradicting the official Russian history.
@Böðvarr Bjarki The Goths had three States- the Ostrogoths, Visigoths , and Crimean Goths. They had a hierarchy, laws, taxes, and an army. This means the state.
As a Russian , I'm also very sorry that the Goths have not survived to this day .
@@igorvoloshin3406 The official language of Theodoro was Greek. The language the rulers spoke was Greek as well. There never was a "Crimean Gothic nation"
When i see kids dressed up as 'goth' these days i like to confuse them by asking; "Visigoth or Ostrogoth?"
besed
BASED
Thanks for the idea
If they are witty enough they may come back with “Crimean”
Where gotic
I love how you showed languages diverging by using gradually changing colors. It shows that languages don't just start being separate languages at a certain point, but gradually become different from each other as time passes. I also love how you put a world map in the corner to show the global spread of English and Dutch, and the emergence of Afrikaans. I would love to see more videos like this on other language families, possibly some non-European ones like the Dravidian, or Uralic languages. Or maybe showing several language families at once in one map.
I agree but I wish that he would give viewers his sources. There are three very different types of sources which he is blending in these language maps. Not telling viewers about that makes it seem like this is more definitive knowledge on a precise timeline at points. In history where we only have very rough estimates. Those rough estimates end up presented on equal footing with modern history where specific dates are far more well-documented.
If anyone is confused about the versions of German:
Upper German + Central German = High German
Low German is actually closer to Low Franconian/Dutch and Frisian
Standard German = Artificial dialect, 80% Central German, 20% Upper German
Low German speakers basically had to learn it as a foreign language, replacing the native tongue, while Upper German is usually more compatible. That's why the South kept far more dialects.
A bunch more interesting facts:
Yes, there are still some speakers of pure Low German left, but it's dying out rapidly
Frisian is also endangered
The development of the High German dialects was most likely kickstarted by the Lombard invasion of Italy, whose language most likely started some very important sound shifts south to north. Lombardic itself was therefore basically a southern extension of the Upper German dialectal area. Unlike the Bajuvarii and Alemanni they were however a small minority in a sea of Vulgar Latin/Old Italian speakers and apart from some tiny pockets their language mostly died out.
For the longest time, Berlin was almost an enclave (technically more a "peninsula") of Central German in a sea of Low German. That stopped being noticable when the latter started to be replaced on the countryside as well
Due to rapid economic development and a population boom of northern areas like the Ruhr area and the political importance of places like Hannover in the 19th century, the "northern" (northwestern) way of pronouncing Standard German became dominant during the 20th century, even though said regions didn't even speak it originally!
Therefore, bigger cities in the south like Munich are novadays enclaves of Standard German with a northern sound to it in a sea of traditonal Upper German dialects.
The formerly German speaking regions to the East just extended the traditional language areas as it was settled west to east - the Sudetenland spoke both Upper and Central, Silesia spoke Central and Pommerania Low German, East Prussia both of the latter
National borders do not follow dialectal borders at all - Luxemburg, Switzerland and Austria speak basically the same dialects as the neightbouring German regions. In other words, those borders were not drawn based on (sub) ethnicity but political developments
The very diverse "Highest Alemannic" dialects of Switzerland (not to be confused with Swiss Standard German) are usually regarded to be the least intelligible for people from other regions.
@@Alias_Anybody Only west frisian seems to have a solid position, it is even a official second language here in the netherlands.
@@Alias_Anybody
Hola podrías traducir eso a Español
Hello, could you translate that to Spanish?
@@messier8888
Use Google-Translate in your browser?
@@Alias_Anybody A L O T O F T E X T
Had a older neighbor from England. He was a professor of Germanic languages. He could speak and write Old English. My gosh what a beautiful language!
Most stupid too
How so?
A lot of the “old languages” are beautiful. We just never use them. So they have a certain charm to them
Reminds me of Runescape.
Old English was a very close relative to Scandinavian languages, long before the French connection!!
You forgot the MOST IMPORTANT language:
The Cimbrian, spoken by over 700 PEOPLE in northern Italy 😂
Tommaso Manissero out of here with that Italian stuff
Also forgot Elfdalian in Sweden.
limburgic/lumburgish thats been spoken in parts of belgium, netherlands and germany 1,3 million speakers till today.
Also Wymysorys in Poland is the separate Germanic language - 20 native speakers registered.
@@danielfragoso7283 it is true you are giving a wrong image, political correctness???
Langobard or Lombard language is believed to be the initiator of the High German consonant shift starting around 600CE and has been probably a Old High German dialect. It's fascinating that Lombard is still perceivable in modern High German.
Examples of this important development in the German language are p-->pf, st-->scht, ð/t-->d, k-->ch and so on. Apple -->Apfel, stone-->S(ch)tein, this-->dies, make-->machen
Stein isn’t an example of that shift; furthermore, the shift of /θ/ to /d/ didn’t just affect High German but also Dutch and Saxon/Low German at least. I’m not sure about Frisian, but English and Icelandic I think are the only major Germanic languages to still preserve that sound.
My German dialect (West central). Made 3 of those changes! The only one that didn't make it was 'Appel' we also say 'Pärd' instead of Pferd (horse)
When German language disappears form Russia and Poland after World War 2 and appears in Siberia
Me: *oh wait-*
*laughs in gulag*
*laughs in gulag*
Laughs in gulag
Laughs in gulag
Laughs in gulag
Amazing that the sentence I am typing right now is a descendent of this language tree.
descendant is from Latin. Language is from Latin. is is from Latin. :-)
@@barbatvs8959 You're right about everything except "is", "is" is Germanic. "Sentence" isn't though.
@@atleast400demogorgons3 "Is" is a cognate of "es" in Spanish from Latin "EST." German "ist" is from Latin, or else they share a root in an Indo-European or Aryan ancestor.
@@barbatvs8959 They're cognates because they are both indo-european langauges, not because "is" comes from Latin (which it doesn't).
Edit: Here's "is" in proto-Germanic: www.verbix.com/webverbix/go.php?&D1=98&T1=*wesan%C4%85
@@atleast400demogorgons3 I considered that.
I am from Omsk, this city is located in Siberia, Russia. We used to have a large German minority (as in the Altai Territory), but today you can hardly find a person who could talk to you in German. Many left, those who remained tripled their language and are indistinguishable from Russians. Therefore, I believe that the German minority is too brightly marked on the map, in fact it no longer exists.
PS Born and lived in Omsk until I was 18, I met only ONE person who spoke German well
Жаль что так(( я живу на юге, у нас тут немецкий даже не учат в школах. Ну такое у меня мнение. Я с иняза , у нас на факультет с немецким практически не поступают уже , учат уже в унике с нуля
UA-cam:'die Zuversicht' mit "Die grösste Verschwörung der Geschichte. /// Vielleicht interessiert es sie ja. 👋🇩🇪
Thanks for your comment. My grandmother’s family came from Siberia and spoke German.
Later they relocated to Königsberg.
She met my grandfather in Frisia. So my mother tongue became Frisian.
@@siebrendeboer6540 interesting story! Thanks for sharing
В Омской области почти любой новорожденный казах не может изучать казахский, но от этого он не забудет кто его предок, каков его народ.А немецкий спокойно могут изучать в школе
R.I.P. East Germanic languages, you will be dearly missed by your North and West Germanic cousins🙏
Says an eastern european
@@yasinsagin456 An Eastern European of Polish blood 😉🇵🇱
@@mikoajbojarczuk9395 dokladnie. Są dowody że słowianie żyją dłużej od germanów. Nie wiem jakim prawem w branderburgii przed naszą erą jest język germański. Tamte tereny od dawna zamieszkiwali słowianie a Niemcy poprostu zabrali te ziemię dopiero jakoś w 700 czy 800 roku w naszej erze.
@@berserkr6499 Jeśli potrafisz napisać, proszę o źródło danych o Słowianach w Brandenburgii w czasach późnego Rzymu
) Możesz nawet pobierać źródła w języku polskim (ale lepiej w języku angielskim)))
@@berserkr6499 jakas komunistyczna bzdura. Słowianie moze i zyli dluzej, ale bardziej daleko na wschód. To, że słowianie przez jakiś czad byli aż nawet w zachodniej brandenburgii nic nie znaczy.
Old English was definitely spoken in Devon by 1066.
Cornwall was mostly English speaking by 1550.
Southwest Wales (sometimes called 'Little England Beyond Wales') has been English speaking since around the 12th/13th centuries.
There was also the Yola tongue that descended from Middle English in Ireland and lasted until the 18th century.
English and Scots were both prominent in Antrim in Northern Ireland by 1700 as a result of the Plantations- the settling on Scots and Englishmen there.
South west Wales?? I think you mean one half of one county in south west Wales. No more.
What is about Devonian (419.2 - 358.9 Ma years ago)?
6:23 F for Crimean Gothic
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki They were too militant and not flexible enough to survive in the new lands, to the flexibility of the Gypsies and Jews they were far away.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki They were aristocrats, but in the minority and therefore assimilated into less warlike peoples, as is the example of the later Germans in Normandy and Russia.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki You know we conquered half of Europe, too? The French were even ruled by Germanic People (see Charlemagne) and have adopted Frankish words. We colonized Iceland, Greenland, Australia, New Zealand and most of North America. Most of Africa uses English to communicate and did you ever hear about Afrikaans?
We have more (overseas) territory than you slavs, so forget it.
Most of today technology comes from Germans, Americans and Englishmen.
And cuz ur a butthurt Pole...PRUSSIA
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki I'm sorry, what? What i'm speaking right now is English. Am i from an English speaking country? No. Just because we speak a language fluently or speak it as a mother tongue doesn't mean anything. A person can be spoken and teached to in 2 languages, which the person would probably learn both of them. Plus, the British Empire at a time invaded almost 90% of the world. Slavs, i don't think they would even come close to 20%.
@Polish Hero Witold Pilecki Yeah, "you slavs were friendly to people" haha acting like the Kosovo war and the intense beef that still happens in the Balkans never existed, huh? I'd rather be Non-Balkan then Slavic. Plus, hmm, how many countries speak a language related to Germanic? I'll leave it to you to find the answer, but you'll probably say 4 or 5 bc you all live in a terrible vision where Slavs are the best. They're not!
Germans east of the Oder-Niesse line, c.a. 1945: _I don't feel so good_
Similar to Minute 2:50 in the east. Expulsion of Germans by Slaves. Two times in history . But in 1945 it was more then an genocide then in the 6. century, but in 6. century it was probably not always peaceful.
This is so wrong.. I have no words... I'm curious why so called germans cant read old, runic script found in Germany today.. cause Przemyslav or Lech are Germanic names.. oh wait, I can read them!!!🙄👌
@@pawelnowak9440 be quiet
in the era of roman empire，much of Poland today was controlled by germanic tribes，slavic people are invaders
@@williamhu2630 so I guess that 6000 y/o remains found and tested in Poland few years ago that show r1a1a y-DNA was just a flick of imagination of the researchers just as more than 2000y/o remains found in kurgan in eastern Poland and many finds in today's Gernany showing R1a gene in ancient 1000s y/o remains and runic tablets found sealing slavic marriage with Swastica at the top. Hm....
You're missing German in Brazil, it's our second most spoken native language.
Truly, i have met a german girl from there, Brazil has many German speaking villages
Italian or english is your second most spoken language not German
@@YujiroHanmaaaa NATIVELY spoken, German is the 2nd one. But English is indeed the 2nd one overall.
That's not actual german that's a seperate language like dutch and afrikaans
Ja, wir sprechen hier in Brasilien Deutsch! Prost!
Coming from Northern Germany, I'm a bit sad how much Low German lost its significance
Low German is mutually intelligible with dutch
It’s the location. It’s not as defensible as the regions where high german was.
It’s because Austria was the one to standardise German force typewriters showed up, and their written form was the one sold on papers across the German speaking world for a time iirc.
The path typewriters sent languages down is interesting, it made many more standardised and carved more definitive lines on what was which sister language for the survivors. It’s why Dutch finally became so undoubtedly more than just a German dialect, previously it’s regional variance made a line between the German and Dutch dialects unfindable until they were all brought closer to either option, Vienna or Amsterdam speech.
In the eastern part of The Netherlands dialects of Low Saxon are spoken. The map doesn't show that
There is a light green stripe in the north-east, but i had to note a more intense presence
@@CostasMelas It's quite a big part of the Netherlands, although less spoken in certain areas nowadays. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Low_German#/media/File:Koart_Leegsaksisch.png
@@CostasMelas Its dying out there ... Dutch is taking over
About a third. Nysassiske Skryvwyse is an effort to standardize and revitalize the language.
Ingwia Fraujaz what is this abomination? :O we’d need a standardised writing system for all dialects low German, but oddballs like Westfalian (my grandma’s native language, barely understandable by people from Kiel or Emden) and Netherlands nedersaksisch make it difficult...
its amazing how norse speakers just disappeared from greenland after all that time
They didn't adapt to the changing climate (little ice age started about then) iirc. There aren't any real written records of that period in Greenland, sadly, so it's all interpretations of archaeological evidence and the few written mentions of contact with them that exist.
@@GustavSvard Ice ages are an atheist myth, unfalsifiable ergo unscientific.
@Fro Ing They say that big rock scratches on earth walls prove that glaciers passed by long ago, but a great flood could have brought big rocks across those walls. They say an ice bridge connected America with Asia but there is no need for the ice age to explain Native Americans coming from Siberia, as they could have come by boats.
@@barbatvs8959 That earth has undergone major temperature shifts is largely borne out by evidence. Please do not assert that this is somehow "atheist" as you are placing limits on what God is capable of.
@@Zorro9129 It's atheistic in that it contradicts the Bible, so I guess it is anti-Christ to be exact. The Bible doesn't allow for some ice age. Neither is there proof.
I find it interesting that for each of the 3 west-germanic language groups one language managed to stay relevant (North-Sea = English, Rhein-Weser = Dutch, Elbe = German) to this day.
It's not really a coincidence, the classification is largely based on English, Dutch and German.
@@atbing2425 As far as i know the classification roughly corresponds to the 3 groups of western germans the romans identified. The Irminones, Ingvaeones and Istvaeones. So each of those groups survived to this day in one major european language.
@@SaudiHaramco yes but the division is on what counts as what is a bit arbitrary. Plus, German is just as north sea Germanic (low German) as Weser Rhine Germanic (central German) as Elbe Germanic (upper German). Though I guess standard German counts as Elbe.
Looked at another way: Anglo-Saxons, Franks, all the other continental tribes who weren't Goths, Vandals, or Gepids.
You missed Frisian.
How about the Slavic Languages next?
I'll try to make it for the next time
@AlexGaming Well, nowadays there are just two. Not in the past. Exactly because of this, we want one.
@Andrea Bianconero Estonian isn't Baltic, it's a Finnic language. You're right about the other two.
Great video Costas! I'd love to see a Slavic video, you can use my video for help:
ua-cam.com/video/mc6t664uXwQ/v-deo.html
Your maps are based of FALSE or misinterpreted EVIDENCE. There were NO so called ""germanic" languages on territory of Poland and former GDR /East Germany/ until year 1230 AD. NONE whatsoever, zero.
To bad Gothic went extinct..
And Frisian looks declining.
@Amirul Asyraf I would learn it. Its very similar to german.
In westfriesland in Netherlands they still speak it as far as I know, but in Ostfriesland it's distinct since long time, so in Germany it is only still spoken in Nordfriesland and Saterland, and even there it nearly disappeared
Didn't see any mentioning of Flemish.,.
Rip east germanic
@Mershikov fries is ok gen taal zenne. Da's ok een dialect.
West Vloms kunde ni vergelijken me keeskops Zenne ze,
ma ja, belachelijke kiekes gelak ast gij hedde overal zekers.,.
1:55 - 6:22
R.I.P
Crimean Gothics
I really, really enjoy your language videos
Thank you
Great job.
But I note a few minor inaccuracies.
Until the 19th century, a small Slavic language existed in the center of northern Germany, it's Polabian (or Vendian), i.e. this small area was not homogeneously German-speaking from the 8th century to the 19th.
On the contrary, as far as I know, most of East Prussia (its central and western parts) were homogeneously German-speaking from the late medieval, the area of the Prussian language gradually declined and by the 17-18th century remained only in small areas west of Königsberg.
There was a fairly clear division of East Prussia into the Low German and High German parts.
Pomerania was also homogenously German-speaking from the late Middle Ages to 1945. Slavic speech (primarily Kashubian language) was preserved only in some eastern regions.
Like most of Silesia and Sudetenland.
Thank you for the additional information
East Prussia was primarily Prussian Lithuanian... No idea what you're talking about.
There's a reason why it was historically known as Lithuania Minor. It was not homogenously German in the slightest. Low Prussian German and Lithuanian were both commonly used
@@compatriot852 I wrote quite clearly that I am talking about the most of it, and I mean primarily the western and central parts of East Prussia. That's exactly what I wrote in my comment. Lithuanian coexisted with German only in the eastern part, where it replaced the related Old Prussian language.
@@CostasMelas There is also problem with the time when Germanic tribes appeared in Pomerania. It was in 2. century BC not in 6 century BC as you marked. Initially, it was jus area next to Oder river.
Some major spreading of East Germanic people started in 1. century AD.
You have also marked not correctly eastern border of range of Germanic languages in 6.-8. century AD. The border between Germanic and Slavic tribes was on Elbe river (Lubeka was Slavic) and extended south to Salzburg.
The later period is also slightly off.
We germanics are family 🇩🇪🇩🇰🇧🇻🇮🇸🇸🇪🇦🇹🇨🇭🇱🇺🇳🇱🏴❤
Flemish Belgium: "am I a joke to you?"
Alsatians 🇲🇨
@@SmokeyBCN isnt Belgium more french ?
@@Niedersachse40 North is flemish (dutch dialect) south is walloon (french). Modern belgium is a meme, they have separate political systems, newspapers, media etc. A hostage situation between the rich north and poor south.
Yes ww1 and ww2
6:34 F for Eastern Germans
And Germans lost to the Slavs... Again!
F
@ Huge respect.
F
F
1:56
The Norse were very conservative in their speech, despite the inevitability of change. As a result, Proto-Norse was spoken in a manner similar to Old North Germanic for a far longer period than the other dialects were spoken in their own respective manners before diverging further into separate languages. The Proto-Norse period extends at maximum from 100 AD to about 700 AD, although in practicality it's more likely narrowed down to between 300 AD - 600 AD. Proto-Norse undergoes a language collapse right around the Year 600 where, for whatever reason, it loses a considerable amount of it's futhark and is forced to represent the same sounds with far fewer runes, and sound changes accompany this change to accommodate the shift. The moment the sound changes came, and their words went from being represented with 24 runes to 16 runes, is the moment you go from speaking Proto-Norse to proper Old Norse completely by around the Year 650.
It may be because of the small population, and how connected all the settlements were
There was never any "proper Old Norse". Old Norse was always a broken dialect.
@@jesperlykkeberg7438 Logic Chopping fallacy + pedantic behavior.
Thanks for he atmospheric music that makes one cry over languages disappearing
Kind of sad to see the disappearance of East Germanic, I’d really like to see that evolve.
Blame the huns
ua-cam.com/video/UeZsf9sZPKM/v-deo.html east germanic never existed. Slavs always live here!
@@pwixell7113 gothic survived in crimea until the 18th century, probably around the time russia conquered crimea
@@odrin2211Look up the "Silingi" tribe, you'll see that Germanic tribes far predated you
Germanic tribes after destroying Roman empire: so now I will pretend that I'm you
Lol
mainly the goths
I'm just amazed, this is EXACTLY what I was looking for! I'm just... I don't have words, someone made EXACTLY the video I was thinking should exist, thank you very much, I love you!
Thank you
Never knew there were three variations of german spoken in Germany. Great video!
Thank you
I live in Germany and didn't know that either. Also interesting to see that low German developed from the same language as Frisian and English, unlike standard German.
If you go a century back, Germany likely had many tenths of thousands of municipalities. In case of traditional dialects of Dutch or German, every village, town, hamlet and sometimes even street used to have its own characteristics in dialect. Someone who spoke a local dialect would have recognized that you were from a place a kilometre east of your home based on a couple of sentences. Considering municipalities weren't reserved for every hamlet or village, you can understand that there may have been even more variations of German (in the hundred thousand?). Standardisation killed that off.
As for Low German, when I hear someone speak a pure dialect of Low German, it doesn't even sound German to me anymore (from a Dutch perspective). A little more than a century ago, there was even still a movement that wanted to separate northern Germany from the rest of Germany and unite it with the Netherlands, parts of Belgium and the northern part of France. The so-called "All Dutch Movement".
@@r.v.b.4153 Northern German I like Dutch?
Sadly you can see in the south-west border: Alsatian (Alemanic, Upper german) and Lorraine Franconian (Central german) vanishing after WWII, when Alsace-Moselle returned to France....Nowadays, only 10% children still speak those languages..
Tu es alsacien ?
@@romainwalter4593 Est-ce que tu as alsacien? Pas moi. Je suis d'Allemagne.
La France a récupéré l'alsace-moselle en 1918 pas 1950, mais il est clair que l'état a tout fait pour que les langues régionales et étrangères disparaissent
Thankfully*
@@seb217able Oui en 1918, reperdu en 1941, regagné en 1945. Mais entre 1918-1945, les Alsaciens-mosellans sont restés largement germanophones.
I promised myself I wouldn't cry...
Mixing modern language designations with old ones creates to many misconceptions.The germanic languages of nothern France were old Friso-saxon along the coasts and Low Franconian (Salian Frankish). Flemish was an old low Franconian with a greater Friso Saxon substrate the most coastal and westward you go (The now extinct French flemish, west flemish, and Zeeuws). Also the map does not take into account the historical marine transgressions into Flanders and the situation in Zealand before the polderisation.
Where are Suebian, Vandalic, Gepidic, Burgundian, Lombardic, Jutish languages, Saxon language in England(Essex, Sussex, Wessex), Norse language in Southern Italy and modern Faroese language?
There was no separate dialect of the Saxons, Angles and the Jutes during the colonization of England. Their languages belongs to North Sea Germanic, separation of this occurred in the 6th century. The other spoke forms of the Gothic language except of the Suebi and the Lombards that are noted with different colours
the normans in Sicily and southern Italy were already all french speaking when they conquered those areas (as shown on the map, norse was only a minority language in Normandy during the 900's and quickly disappeared in early 11th century, before the conquest of Sicily and southern Italy).
Also jidisch, lotharngian and flemisch
Mandi Dusha indeed yiddish was a very important germanic language (mixed with some slavic and hebrew loanwords)
Polish Hero Witold Pilecki Some triggered pan-germanists in 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0... 😁
You forgot to put English as a secondary/tertiary language in the Philippines. During the first half of the 20th century, it slowly replaced Spanish as the language of education there.
@Emir Mohamed Al-Bergha Yeah I know, everyone knows that. It's just like the status of English in India or in parts of Africa. But unlike those areas, it was the Americans who introduced it to the Philippines not the British.
when philipphinos quote something, they say the quote in filipino and then what it means in english
But how english can be considered as germanic language when it is composed of a lot of old french ?
The core of English is Germanic, but yes it does have a lot of French words added. So cow is a Germanic word, but beef comes from French, for example.
SuperMagnetizer yep
Like
Mutton. Sheep
Pork ox
Et beaucoup d’autres
30% of words are French origin
Finally, someone realised Bornholm speaks danish
I am NOT sure they do
Sandt, vi snakker engelsk
Sweden will accept new applicants to it's growing empire ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)
@@olleani
Make Sweden Danish Again
Honestly cant all Scandinavian countries just speak old norse again, simpler times...
You are entirely missing Yiddish, which has been around for nearly 10 centuries and brought Germanic language farthest east into even Russia (therefore spoken by millions throughout history).
100%. It was spoken by 10 million throughout Europe (mostly Eastern Europe) before World War II, but today most of its speakers (numbering a couple of hundreds of thousands) live in the US, Israel, Canada and Australia.
Yiddish is not a Germanic language, it is creole of Iranian/Turkic and Ukrainian
@@ajrwilde14 look up Yiddish and see how similar it is to german. It's almost like german but written in the Hebrew script
Old norse is waaay too early in this video. It is called proto-norse before it became old norse.
***Thank you very much for the really good job!*** It's amazing to observe, how the languange group can show the history of the kindred nations! I would recommed it to the schools :-) About the Crimean Gothic: hadn't it dissappeared already to the end of XVIII century?
Thank you
It’s sad that languages such as Low Saxon is dying out, also, I thought gutnish was just a dialect of Swedish, can someone give me some sources to more gutnish info?
Hi, I'd like to point out that Frisian was actually spoken along the western northsea coast of the low countries (and a substantial amount inward) up until around the 7th century, but in regions like holland, specifically the North. It's speculated to have been spoken there around the 13th century.
Someone tell me if I'm wrong, I'm not a linguist.
Nope your correct.
It was also spoken in Britain.
@@noahtylerpritchett2682 *YOU'RE** correct.
C'mon bud.
@@sjsound506 never been good at words that are spelt in multiple contexts but pronounced the same
@@sjsound506lmao
6:34 never cried so much
You got it coming.
So many Polish racists smh.
@@SuperStriker7US Racist? Dude we lost 6 million civilians. That was second (after Belarus) highest percent of dead civilians in country's population. Imagine that country with 300 million people lose 100 millions in 6 years. And look at cities after WW2, example: Warsaw. Plus we have all of our teritory that we had at beginning of our country. HRE took it from us 1000-900 years ago. Germany has still old slavic land, like Berlin. Berlin area was slavic. Look at map at this side: www.salon24.pl/u/lusatia/713115,historia-stosunkow-niemiecko-slowianskich-czesc-ii, and think before you say something.
@@Deksus What about the 12 Millions Germans that were killed, raped, or executed after the war?
And what about these Polish racists saying that all germans are nazis, and that germany has to pay. This is nothing sort of barbaric.
@@SuperStriker7US becuase Germany should have paid for the damages done during WW2 just like Russia. ALL of our cities except for Lublin (partially) and Lviv(which isnt ours anymore) were destroyed almost completely. Germany killed around 20% of our entire population. You absolutely demolished us, even after collapse of Soviet Union, Poland was 2nd poorest in terms of GDP per capita amongst the Eastern bloc countries. We are catching up but will never reach your position becuase Western countries are sucking our educated(as well as uneducated) population dry. We will be one of the oldest countries(oldest population) in few decades. You will still thrive becuase of emigration from eastern european countries to your country (also becuase of emigration from Syria/Turkey etc. as long as they integrate well, also for your information I am one of the poles that do agree we should have taken in at least some refugees, not that it matters in this disscussion).
It is unreal how much damage that Germany has done to Poland. I realize that young Germans have nothing do to with this, but don't say that Poland doesn't deserve war reparations; it absolutely does and will never get it from either side. Our only hope is that people that emigrated from Poland come back with their kids in the next years, but that won't happen. Poland will be in shit spot in 20 years only because of events of World War 2 and communism times in Poland which were also an effect of WW2.
Also the 12 million germans killed is an greately exaggerated number and Poles were not responsible for the expulsions. The Soviets were, and even if they weren't expulsed from the new territories of Poland, they would be greatly opressed becuase of what Nazi Germany did to Polish people. They would emigrate on their own.
The date of division between the languages from Common Germanic is likely not as early as presented here. North Germanic/Proto-Norse probably didn't branch of for a couple hundred years after the dates presented here. Germanic languages were most likely not that diverse that early on and would've been indistinguishable until around 100 A.D. to 200 A.D.
*_PLEASE DO THE HISTORY OF THE AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES_*
THAT'S MY REQUEST THANK YOU
That request is as random as it is boring.
Is there enough data to create a detailed map?
@@JamesTaylor-on9nz a language stretching from Madagascar to Chile, Hawaii to New Zealand? Sounds wonderfully interesting to me
@@deathtoluke Madagascar, Chile and New Zealand are about the least interesting countries on the planet anthropologically speaking.
@@JamesTaylor-on9nz clearly you either have no knowledge of those countries or anthropology. Either way, I'll say good day here
Some details were overlooked but otherwise good job. This takes a lot of research.
Yo you just earned a sub, great videos
Thank you
Gothic is being resurrected, I urge people to come forth and help revive Gothic into the modern era!
World's most spoken germanic language: Modern English.
Allthough it's not fully a germanic language 😅
@@leaat99 Yeah, most of the English words were derived from French, a Romance language
Nice work again. I guess slavic languages are next.
I have one request, after finishing with all families left, can you do a video showing all languages families on the same map of europe (latin, greek, germanic, slavic, etc).
I know it might be tough and take your time, but it would be nice.
Thank you. I would like to do this after finishing with the various language families in Europe
@@CostasMelas I know that you already made a video of the Indo-European languages but that if you do another one but that unlike the languages are not grouped in their groups if not that they see as in the video
@@CostasMelas I have never seen a video of the Indo-European languages complete with the 140 languages that make up I know that that is complete madness and that there are not even enough colors for that
@@CostasMelas Sorry if English is very Google translator, I don't know English and I'm using Google translator :v
Realized now that this great video is missing Yiddish, which used to be one of the larger west germanic languages. Yiddish would also be a nice option for one of these standalone "spread of the ... language" videos of yours.
How cool would it be if there were still distinct Gothic populations in Italy, Spain, and Ukraine?
There is NO EVIDENCE Gothic "germanic" language ever existed on territory of present Ukraine.
@@Lechoslaw8546 Pretty sure there is since they went as far as Crimea mate.
I can't believe that the goths survived until the 1700's in crimea
@@Pc118Gamer they have cause they were slacs... duhh
why not Vandalic in Spain and north Africa?
R.I.P east germanic languages
Готские слова остались в словаре других языков. Даже в русском языке есть готские слова. Например русское "хлеб".
Estonia came under Danish rule (Hertugdømmet Estland) in 1219, the Estonian capital Tallinn was established literally by the Danes. Danish language was definitely widely spoken since that time till at least 1346 when the Teutonic order took over. Ösel island, or Saaremaa was under Danish rule even more. Then in 16-17 centuries the Danes came back to Estonia big time again! Why it's not marked as the area of Danish and Swedish speech?
Because it was treated as external fiefs and not a part of Denmark Proper. Like colonies, you wouldn't care what language people spoke as long as they paid their taxes.
@@j.greenriver6293 How does ot matter when the video is about the history of the Germanic languages?
@@borivoj_navratil Because they didn't speak Germanic languages outside of a few noblemen.
@@j.greenriver6293 Definitely not the case here. Besides there lived pure bred Swedes and Danes in numbers for considerable amount of time.
@@borivoj_navratilshould be light stripes then
Good video as always 👍
Thank you
us the alsatian almost lost our languages, not like the basques or bretons who keep their culture cause it's unique, they are the majority of their group, finding soemone who speak alsatian isin't as rare as finding soemone sorbian but it's getting as rare as it
Scania was not partially Swedish and partially Danish. It was fully Danish. The Danes are even thought to have come from there. Texts written by literal Scanians about battles between Denmark and Sweden are still there on monuments. Written in Danish. The region endured centuries of assimilation into Swedish culture, where 25% of the population was slaughtered in the late 1600's and early 1700's. It's a great video, but as a Scandinavian I obviously noticed that error lol.
Are you from there ?
You are only saying that cause you are a Dane !
@@guleet75 the vast majority of linguists and historians that have studied the subject agree with me, i literally only know about it because i have studied it for a project at university about cultural assimilation and language shifts.. Just Google scanian and snaphanerne. The modern consensus is that scanian was a dialect of Danish, forcefully made Swedish over centuries. Why in the world would the locals rise up to reunite with Denmark if they weren't danes.
Finno ugric languages would be great
Yes
Good idea
@Zeynep Ezgi Su Simsar no, Altai is large, homeland of many different tribes
@Zeynep Ezgi Su Simsar hardly, scientists deny that. Mari language, maybe-borrowed a lot.
@Zeynep Ezgi Su Simsar no idea, man, scientists work slowly. It's not even clear, where is the homeland of Slavs, Balkans or Belarus lol
Sehr interessant. Wobei beim Unterschied zwischen Ober-, Mittel- und Niederdeutsch hier in der Darstellung zu viel Gewicht gegeben wurde. Wenn man schon so nach Dialekten differenziert, hätte man dies auch in anderen germanischen Sprachen machen müssen. Wissenswert ist aber vor allem, dass Schlesien, Pommern und Böhmen (entgegen panslawischer Behauptungen) nicht urslawisch, sondern germanisch waren. Ich lege allen einmal das folgende, sehr sehenswerte Video ergänzend dazu an das Herz:
,,Europas germanisches Erbe"
@@horsti123654 So ein Unsinn, wir Bayern sind in erster Linie Deutsche. Gerade dieses dämliche Spaltertum und die Kleinstaaterei haben uns doch zum Spielball von Fremdmächten gemacht. Bayern ist seinen deutschen Brüdern schon öfter für den eigenen Vorteil in den Rücken gefallen, das muss endlich aufhören!
@@horsti123654 Niederdeutsch ist genau so ein Dialekt wie Bairisch auch, sonst würdet ihr diese "Sprachen" in der Schule lernen wie auch die Rechtschreibung. Ich lerne in Schweiz auch kein Schweizerdeutsch sonder Hochdeutsch wie in Deutschland, Österreich und Liechtenstein auch
@@horsti123654 Kindergarten.
@@horsti123654 Gutmensch.
@@horsti123654 you need to chill
Old Swedish language emigrated to west and south coast of Finland appr. in the beginning of 13th century. Without this immigration, we would not have Finland, as it looks today!!!
Crusades*
@@karlandersson6 started as immigration, but ended as crusaded when Sweden conquered the inhabited areas of modern day Finland (mostly central and eastern parts)
It is said that the disaster at the Teutoburg Forest indirectly led to the survival of Germanic languages and the subsequent creation of English & German. So thank Arminius that you aren't speaking a modern form of Latin.
6:34 is where men cry
Thanks to God that we were able to get rid of it.
Res Publica Yup thank god millions of innocent Germans that had nothing to do with World War Two were raped, killed, and forced from their homes by communists.
Cou Kim no, they we not friends. I have no idea why you think that
Cou Kim You cant look at what the nazis did then blame all Germans
@@RoccoArgubright - wouldn't have happened if not the party that had been brought to power by Germans in democratic election (and whose leader's views were well known before elections to those who payed attention) had tried to conquer, subdue and conduct organised genocide against Slavic, Romani and Jewish population before, though. And it's very telling that a Soviet prisoner of war in German captivity had around 4 times bigger chance to die before returning home than a German prisoner of war in Soviet captivity, so yeah, the communists were no saints, far from it, but they were no match for the cruelty brought to the conquered lands by the country lead by a certain man remembered by his moustache and public speeches, who was in fact brought to power and supported by many (not all, true) common Germans.
I can cry because my language (low german) is going to dead
@Joe Dim Low German is only spoken by older people who mostly live in the country. Only standard German is spoken in the cities. The children learned standard German at school, they learned Low German from their parents and grandparents, but the fewer parents there are that can, the faster a language is lost. I think in 100 years this language will be dead, just as many South German dialects are increasingly being replaced by Standard German (Written German Language). In my childhood (60 years ago) hardly a worker from a north German shipyard or a artisan spoke standard German. They all spoke Low German with each other, although they could also speak standard German. Today you have to look for people who can still speak Low German. It is sad because this language was also a parent of the English language.
@Joe Dim They try a little in schools, but it doesn't work if you don't communicate in this language. After school, the children speak to each other again in standard German.
@@hanselvogis7301 They do this in the local radio (NDR 1), but that's a short 5 minute story once or twice a day and a radio play once a week in the evening. That's not enough for children to learn. There are also programs in the school, but Low German is largely limited to volunteer working groups. It's all artificial and most of the time, even the teachers can't speak it properly anymore. If children don't hear and speak it every day, the language is no longer alive and it will die. In contrast to today, I was born in 1949 and learned this language from my parents and grandparents who spoke it at home. Later, in the 1960s, I learned a craft occupation. I was forced to speak the language because all of my colleagues did. If we were together, there was hardly any standard German spoken.
I love your videos so much
Thank you
Do indo iranian languages
Hell yes
Алексей УУ it’s just Pakistan, iran, South Ossetia and Turkmenistan
@@efthymiosanagnostos7427
Or iran, kurdistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, both ossetias, and finally the balachistanis plus a lot more
And not including Turkmenistan
I also
@@efthymiosanagnostos7427
Ancient Iranic Language spoke From Western China to Eastern Europe
Amards
Alans
Parthians
Persians
Medians
Scythians
Sarmatians
Sogdians
Bactrians
Massagetians
Kushanians
And etc...
Most of Iranic Languages destroyed by arabs and turks
4:20 And it was at that moment mumbling was born **Norwegians and Swedes finds popcorn**
The funny thing is for me as a native Dutch i find Danish easier to read but Norse easier to hear and understand. Say 60%. But Danish sounds like throwing up though. There was a guy from Iceland here and he learned to speak Dutch in just a few weeks/months, i was really impressed by that and learned the languages were heavily connected.
Germans to Roman Empire: "I'm about to end this empire's career
Incorrect
Yep, from Teutebourg Forest to Rome. By the end the Emperor was just a mouthpiece for his Germanic overlords.
@@weirdsearchhistory5876 In your dreams
The Franks litteraly preserved what was the remnants of Rome. Why do you think Charlemagne was crowned Roman Emperor ?
@@weirdsearchhistory5876 You seriously know no history, after the teutoburg forrest Romans burned the whole Germania and a general even got his name from there, Germanicus. Western Rome didn't fall from Germanic People, in fact, Germanic people went there because of Huns
You could also have called "Middle Low German " "Middle Saxon" instead.
I prefer that name because the speakers of the language called their language "sassesch" which translates to Saxon in English.
No one at that time called it Low German.
The situation is a bit more complex, though. The people in the southern parts of the Holy Roman Empire called the lamguage nederlendisch which is pretty much the term that is used in German today for Dutch (niederländisch). The Dutch on the other side called the Saxons ôsterlinge (Easterlings) and the language ôstersch (Easterish).
Thank you for the additional information
Costas Melas You‘re welcome, I‘m happy you read my comment :)
I like to point out that West Germanic was spoken even further to the south.
Second. North Sea Germanic was also spoken in Holland and Zeeland (west side of the Netherlands) up to the 8th century.
Your right
Yeah, especially North Holland.
Great video. Would have been cool to see Yiddish, supposing there's enough data to map it.
Should've shown up in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth around 1400.
How true, Yiddish is a Germanic language too, we should not forget that.
@VNMX50 Yiddish is a Germanic language actually (Here is the family tree in which it belongs: Indo-european, Germanic, West Germanic, Elbe Germanic, High German, Yiddish) and while it does use the Hebrew alphabet, spoken Yiddish can be understood to some degree by Germans (depending on the dialect of Yiddish). I've even found a PDF-file about Yiddish from the Columbia University that has Yiddish as one of their Germanic Language Program studies. And all websites I've found that are about Yiddish mention it as a Germanic language.
@@DidrickNamtvedt Yes, although it's practically a dead language.
Yiddish is not a Germanic language, it is creole of Iranian/Turkic and Ukrainian
My home Frisia got smaller and smaller but we're still here!
Germany 😍 from Colombia
Amor de Alemania Amigo ❤️
Frisian speaker here!
This should have included Yiddish! At the beginning of the 20th century there were 11-13 Million Yiddish speakers in the world, mainly in Europe and North and South America
@@joshuaherbert30 Yiddish is a germanic language, derived from High-German
Yiddish is not a Germanic language, it is creole of Iranian/Turkic and Ukrainian
@@ajrwilde14 as a Yiddish teacher, I can very safely say that is incorrect. Yiddish originated as a Jewish dialect of Middle High German
@@sashaberenstein8169 no that is fantasy, this talk explains it: ua-cam.com/video/_F-kthqjHus/v-deo.html
@@ajrwilde14 Elhaik's methods are questionable, and his conclusions are widely considered to be erroneous. His support of the Khazar hypothesis should be alone enough to discredit him. Yiddish is almost certainly of Germanic origins, and then evolved in ways consistent with how you would expect with a Jewish German-speaking community living in Lithuania-Poland for over have a millenium.
Love the video, however it really bothered me how wrong the former norwegian areas of sweden are represented (like jemtland, båhuslen etc.) these areas definately spoke Norwegian back in the day and arguably still do
Jag håller med, men just nu är svenska dominant där. Men förr var det inte alltid så
@@bertilhamren5338 Lidmål og Idre og Särna dialektene er uten tvil Norsk fortsatt I dag, Jemtlandsk, Herjedalsk og Båhuslensk er mer Svensk men har fortsatt sitt utspring fra Norsk ettersom disse områdene ble Svensk først på 16-1700 tallet
Ostrogoths and Gepids are my favourite germanic tribes!
Watching my country rapidly becoming anglicised/germanised in the sixty years after over half the population died or left due to famine was sad :(
Sad
So the original Celtics died out?
@@mahakalabhairava9950 Well, there never really was a 'Celtic' race of people. Just various tribes that the Romans called Celtic.
The pre-Saxon people of Britain and Ireland spoke Celtic languages, and the people didn't die out (only the SE of England is completely Anglo-Saxon. Wales is about 30%, Scotland similar to Wales, and Ireland had an Anglo-Protestant ruling class installed but they left very little mark on the overall gene pool of the country).
But their languages became close to dying, most of them are native English speakers now. The people became culturally anglicised.
@@cigh7445 What country are you from??
@@cigh7445 lol south east england is not "complely anglo-saxon" if you look at research and studies youll find its less than 45% germanic. only yorkshire and east midlands reach the 45-50% mark.
So basically as an English speaker I speak some evolved form of North Sea Germanic with lots of French words adopted.
What I'm still confused about is how French came to be and then how French had an impact on English
Norman invasión??? They Forced french in as the ruling language
Old english and frisian are very similar, yet they rarely get a mention when describing the anglo-saxons invasion. And yes for a long time your ruling class was from norman descend, hench the pinch of frog in your tongue 🤣
In 1066 William the Conqueror of Normandy invaded and took over England. Thus, the Norman dialect of French became the language of the aristocrats and ruling families. The common people, wanting to sound and be more "refined", started speaking Norman French here and there, causing a lot of influence in English.
The Normans conquered England in 1066, they only spoke French, so the peasants started to incorporate French words into their language, eventually resulting in modern English.
The French language came to existence a long time ago, in the times of the Germanic-Barbarian Invasions of the Roman Empire, the Frankish tribes came to Gaul (France) and adopted vulgar Latin as their native language, so after a few decades several dialects appeared on what is now France, in the south of France, less Germanized and with less influence of the Franks, arouse the Languedoc, or Occitan, in the north of France appeared the Lange d'oil, a number of distinct dialects that evolved from Vulgar Latin, and a significant presence of Frankish influence, one of them, the Francien, appeared in the 9th century AD, and these Lange d'oil had a Celtic substrate, which the Occitan dialects didn't have because those areas, in the south of France came under Roman control, therefore, Latin, before than the northern parts of France.
The Francien, one of the Lange d'oil became the lingua franca of the French kingdom gaining prominence above the others which eventually led to known as French in later centuries, the French influence that entered English was not of the proper Francien dialect, the Normans, which were pagan viking raiders, were given the area of Normandy, where it derives its name, learned the dialect that was spoken there, which was later known as the Norman French, after that, Norman French was the official language of the Kingdom of England and Normandy and it remained to be the official language for three hundred years, which eventually led to influence the English language, borrowing many many words from it and dropping the Old English ones, which were abandoned and forgotten in favor of Norman French, though keeping at the same time a significant amount of Germanic words(Old English) in the language
Cooles Video, und auch sehr interessant 👍
Cool video, and very interesting! I understood what you said!
@@mrtrollnator123 Das hast du super gemacht!
@@Schnurception thank you so much!
Amazing Video 👍
Thank you
I miss the Belgians (Ceasar described the Belgians as original germanic Speakers, which adopted celtic languages) and later the Franks in northern France and the Alemanni in southern France, which were original germanic Speakers, which adopted romanic languages.
I wouldn't take Caesar's word for granted here. He wasn't a linguistic or historian but a foreign politician and general, he mismatched many tribes and in general Roman writers aren't very thoughtful when describing "barbarian" peoples. What Caesar described as the Belgae were Celtic, Germanic and mixed peoples, I think he just collectively named the peoples in this certain area that way, so it's just a geographical classification.
@@antonjakobhaep960 A study at the university of Antwerp showed that most of the Flemish DNA is from Germanic tribes. There were cultural differences between Celtic and Germanic tribes, that would probably have been evident. www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/gn0n8l5u
@@Elaud I'm not fluent in Dutch but I think I understood the article. I wasn't saying that the Belgae were fully Celtic, I was just trying to express that Caesar's texts have to be questioned. I wish the article was a bit more precise because France, Germany and England and genetically very dynamic regions. And the article unfortunately doesn't provide much depth either, figures or statistics would be nice.
More like Celtic speakers, who adopted Germanic dialects after Germanic expansion and made Belgium very linguistically mixed. Just look in this video how Benelux and southern Germany weren't fully Germanic until around the first decades of CE
And Flanders was romaniced until the Frankish expansion
It feels like I’m playing Sim City watching this
Germanic languages that deserve a mentioning: Greenlandic Norse, Faroese and Norn.
East Germanic is the historical proof that running away from home isnt always the best idea
ua-cam.com/video/UeZsf9sZPKM/v-deo.html east germanic never existed....
@@berserkr6499using a turbo Slav propaganda as history is the most embarrassing thing I’ve seen Slavs do in a while.
Excellent video!!!
Thank you
6:34 EPIC GAMER CHUNGUS WHOLESOME MOMENT right here
Deserved
Good research!
Crimean Goth lasted surprisingly long.
Slight inaccuracy: the northern territory in Australia still has a majority aboriginal speaking community.
You 're right. I had to note it with stripes
The universal declaration is some extinct germanic languages:
Allai manniz sindi frija andi galīkai ana werthammai andi rehtamaz gaburanaz. hijōz sindi midi anadini andi gamundī bigebanaz andi skulana antheras in thammai gastai thas brōthērlīkanō haidu bimōtijana. (proto-germanic)
Allái manna freihals jah sameleikō in waírthidái jah raíhteis waúrthans. Frathai jah mithwissei gibnans jah libandau swē brothrjus. (Gothic)
Ealle menn sindon āre and rihtes efen geboren, and frēo. Him sindon giefethe gerād and ingehygd, and hī sculon dōn tō ōthrum on brōthorskipes fēore. (Anglo-Saxon/Old English)
Excellent video, learned a lot!
Thank you
You could make northern Sweden fully blue. There are like 20k samis here and most of them can't even speak sami.
Very good videos, history of language maps are my favourits!!
Old Norse was a lot more widespread; spoken in parts of Great Britain, Ireland, Normandy and even along the Baltic Sea extending into Russia. In Scotland it evolved into Norn and continued to be spoken until the mid-19th century.
6:11
Sweden - (brutally colonises saamis to industralise)
Music: 🎵🎵🎵
It is still up for debate whether pre viking age jutland and the Jutes spoke north or west germanic, although I think they probably most likely spoke proto norse, since they were probably connected to the geats.
DANES eventually conquered Jutland !
@@guleet75 uhh ok, when did I ever say they didn't? Also even that being true the Danes were ruled by Jutish dynasties
For it to spread as much as it did when it did is so incredible. To spread that much when the odds are so very much not in your favor is incredible. It's something the Celtic and Slavic languages didn't have to deal with.
I'd say you forgot Vandalic but it must have been so close to Gothic that you can put it in the same camp.
*"Africaans" is spelt "Afrikaans", even in English.
It is a dispute thing. Because some scientists consider Vandals to be Slavs or Balts because of R1a1 DNA haplogroup (or germanized Slavs/Balts). In ancient sources Vandals were known as Vandilii or Vendilii. Germanic tribes called the Slavs as "Vend". Germans still call Luzatians (nowadays the most westetn Slavic folk on the territory of Saxony and Brandenburg) as "Wende". The Slavs of Prague-Korchak arch.culture also called themselves as "Venedy". There were many Slavic and Germanic arch.cultures between the Elbe and the Vestula and it is very difficult to definite them.
@@TheOlgaSasha Thanks for the write-up, some fascinating reading.
Placename data suggests that Germanic speakers have been living in South-Western Finland circa 0-500 ad.
Maybe it was some Swedes?
@@elbuggo this was some 500 years before unification of Sweden. These Germans have been related to Swedish and propably understood language of each other to some extent (like all Germans 2000 years ago), but impossible to say if it has been same language and tribe.