Ford 5.4 shorted coil primary winding and bad computer driver
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- Опубліковано 26 кві 2012
- 2003 Ford Expedition 5.4 coil over plug system with a misfire and a P0356 trouble code. This is a very good case study on how to deal with shorted ignition coils. You need to be aware that a shorted primary winding in an ignition coil can damage the computer transistor driver. In this video I will show you how to identify a shorted ignition coil and also how to test the coil control circuit. The control testing is the same regardless of the location of the driver. So the same procedures can be followed for igniters, modules and computer controlled coils.
Engine Performance Diagnostics chapter 22
Symptoms
- misfire (constant)
- check engine light (P0300, P0174, P0356)
Fix
- replace shorted ignition coil and damaged engine computer
Tests shown
- wiring diagram review of the ignition system
- how to measure coil primary current for all of the coils in a central location
- coil primary current ramp tests with a scope
- how to synchronize coil firings to identify the problem cylinder
- how to check for an open coil control wire
- how to test for a damaged computer transistor driver
Tools used
- scan tool
- Picoscope
- inductive low amp probe
- backprobing tools
Playlist
- (Chapter 22) No Spark Troubleshooting, Ignition Coil & Module Testing • (Chapter 22) No Spark ...
Related videos
- How to test for a shorted ignition coil (Honda Distributor)
• How to test for a shor...
- How to find a shorted coil on a Ford 5.4 engine (misfire diagnosis) • How to find a shorted ...
- How to identify a shorted ignition coil (Honda)
• How to identify a shor...
- How to test for a shorted ignition coil with a scope (Lexus)
• How to test for a shor...
- How to test an ignition coil/module with a test light (distributor ignition) - GM • How to test an ignitio...
For more information on this topic, I have written a “field manual” called Engine Performance Diagnostics which is available at www.scannerdanner.com as an eBook or paper book.
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On ScannerDanner Premium I will bring you right into my classroom at Rosedale Technical College. You will find page for page lectures taken right from my book as well as exclusive classroom type case studies. What is so special about these classroom case studies? I pull live problem vehicles directly into my classroom and we troubleshoot them in real time, using and applying the theory and testing procedures we learn during the classroom lectures. There is no better on-line training of how to troubleshoot automotive electrical and electronics systems anywhere!
Disclaimer:
Due to factors beyond the control of ScannerDanner LLC, it cannot guarantee against unauthorized modifications of this information, or improper use of this information. ScannerDanner LLC assumes no liability for property damage or injury incurred as a result of any of the information contained in this video. ScannerDanner LLC recommends safe practices when working with power tools, automotive lifts, lifting tools, jack stands, electrical equipment, blunt instruments, chemicals, lubricants, or any other tools or equipment seen or implied in this video. Due to factors beyond the control of ScannerDanner LLC, no information contained in this video shall create any express or implied warranty or guarantee of any particular result. Any injury, damage or loss that may result from improper use of these tools, equipment, or the information contained in this video is the sole responsibility of the user and not ScannerDanner LLC. - Авто та транспорт
You are making a lasting impression on me as a technician, I know you are touching the lives of your students. Thank you for continuing to share your knowledge. You always explain everything so clear and precise, while going through the complete diagnostic process. No shortcuts mean less room for error in diagnosing the real problem. You also tend to keep the attention to all with positive and clear information. Thank you for all that you do to make the diagnostic world a better place. Years ago no one wanted to share information and it was as if information was privledged, and it pushed a lot of young TECHS away, you are changing that and changing the lives of people by sharing your knowledge. You will continue to have blessings by blessing others, keep up the great work.🙏🙏🙏👍👍👍
Thank you Shawn! Made my day
This is one you tube channel i could watch all day, I would have loved to be able to afford to a tech collage with that kind of instructor
HE IS TRULY AMAZING
10 years later this has helped me tremendously diagnose my 2003 4.6 ford. Im 10 years late lol but thank you! Great explanation. Only helpful video i found that actually broke it down.
Great to hear! Thank you so much
Very smart to switch the #6 coil driver to check the coil. As you say, better to re-fry a bad ecu rather than potentially ruin a new one. Really informative, a very valuably 35-odd minutes well spent.
+David Bell Thanks David
You're the best Engine performance Diagnotics teacher I've ever seen Danner 🤘 Thank you. Best wishes for you
Thanks man ☺
@26:10"We've got some major problems here." haha classic! Keep up the great videos Paul, I think this is the best one on dissecting primary coil current ramps.
A great video Paul, perfectly shows the reason why we have to ask ourselves what is cause and what is effect.
let me start by saying thank you from the bottom of my heart... i just did my first diagnostics on a 06 ford f150 5.4 with a no start.. worked on it for 3 weeks and today finally i got it ...i almost cried... tears of joy of course.. but your videos are really priceless just to know that there is a master out there to guide you step by step and instill a new way of thinking and good habits is just a god sent ....well after the snap-on d10 and a 4425a picoscope along with the shop key its time to sign up for some classes i'am all in.. hope to see you soon ..thank you ..
Looking forward to hearing from you! Thanks so much
Thank you very much. It always means a lot to me when this kind of comment is coming from another professional.
Mr Danner, I realize this video goes back a year or two, but I just want to say your Pico presentations are outstanding and exactly what I have been looking for during my research of Pico systems. I have been in the auto and aircraft repair trade and vehicle manufacturing business (autos and class 8 trucks) for over 30 years now and looking to upgrade my scope to something far more capable. Thanks for sharing your knowledge.
Greetings from Australia. I had an identical problem on cyl 8 on a 2002 explorer 4.6. Faulty coil took the driver. Without anything approaching your gear i came to same conclusion. My early training was as an airforce technician, but i rate this video as one of the most logical, informative videos ive ever seen. Thanks.🇺🇸🇭🇲
my company been in business for 54 yrs i bought 2 sunnen and 2 allen machines and have snapon verus pro and have learned more off u channel and book , u taught me on snapon computer ive sold about 15 comp. for snap on. u should get some kind of kick back from them only reason they bought them is because of my knowledge that ive learned off YOU TY SO VERY MUCH ,,,
The truck is fixed with a couple new coils and a new ECU. The one on the floor of the truck needed reflashed (had to send it out as I do not have reflashing capabilities...yet) for the anti-theft system before it would run the truck.
Thanks for the compliment on the video! I am glad you liked it.
I can not thank you enough for taking the time and effort to post these videos. It is obvious to me that you really know your stuff. In the past few weeks I have really learned a lot by watching your videos. I am a professional technician (ase master and L1) so this information will transfer to good things for me and my customers. Thank you one more time. Please keep up the good work. I am sure you are making a lasting impression on your students.
Hey bro, I added a note in the video at around the 20 minute mark thanks to your comment. I appreciate this very much as I misspoke in the video about the coil driver.
Thanks to your video i was able to save myself $700 a shop wanted from me to replace my ignition wiring harness and computer. Thanks and keep up the great work!
great vid jay-o
On all misfires on FORD products I use a noid light on the coil harness first to determine the driver/PCM is still working and not making Purple smoke.
A bad coil or Boot can run hi voltage back to the PCM destroying the Driver for that coil.
Flash from Noid Replace all Coils and plugs DONE!
No flash from the noid , replace PCM and all coils and plugs. Reprogram PCM DONE!
10 minutes max to diag.
Dan thank you for your help your videos have saved me, my life would be so much different if I learnt from you and I would probably still have the use of my right-hand when I started my trade the mentors treatment towards anyone with out a trade certificate was disgusting and as a result I lost my right hand function from a safety switch removal because the company refused to buy the correct tools for the job instead decided to modify the equipment I'm 6 surgery's in and 3yrs later and still have one year left on my time needed to complete my Trade. I have been following your channel only for a few months I have learnt more from you then I learnt in my total time working and studying I want to pack a back pack and Rock up on your door step to complete my Trade you are truly the best in the trade.
I wish I found this one last week on a stressful job I took on to pay my rent thinking it was easy money jezz I was wrong and it was my first job back at work since I lost my right hand movement.
I had a intermittent fault in a S13 ING system and it was a doozy once I repaired the hack job on the loom I lost ING firing the trigger signal for the MOSFETs was lost completely the firing signal was generated by a signal short to ground and was the original issue with the car causing it not to fire at the right time this video has given me the complete understanding of how to repair any car with this issues
Wow, this video is just what I needed to understand ignition waveforms. You even took the time to explain scope setup and test the coil. You're just great.
Thanks man! Shalom
Good question, the wire issue you mentioned was addressed in the voltage waveform test of the #6 coil control wire at the PCM. The #6 coil control wire showing battery voltage at the PCM showed the integrity of the wire from the coil to the computer was fine.
Great video! great diagnostic methodology. learned quite a bit. Now off to garage to play with my lab scope...controlling primary windings directly through the computer with hard connections is a good way to cook internal pcm drivers in the event of a shorted primary winding. Its no wonder manufacturers like Toyota to give ONE example integrated this circuitry into the coil itself with their 4 wire ignition coil eliminating currents into/out of expensive computers.
Amazing video. So well explained. We have a 5.4L in the shop right now with a similar concern. I've taken notes and we are going to run some of your tests. I sent a link of this video to the students, who will prepare for Thursday's class. Thanks again!
Cool man! I used to drive past there all the time on my way to Penn State to visit my younger brother. Looks like a nice campus.
Did you guys get to work on live jobs? We take in all live work. I wouldn't want it any other way....I hate "make believe" problems or "bugged" cars
Anyway, glad you liked it and thanks for the comments
After having my 2000 Expedition in 4 different shops telling me it was the Mass Air Flow sensor, the Intake Air Temperature sensor and the O2 sensors that needed and were replaced along with the injectors, COPs and Iridium plugs.They also did a compression check and found that the average cylinder was 155 lbs compression. After all this I still have the same code PO 354 on G or #7 cylinder. Your video is the most informative explanation I have seen or heard. Thank you. I was just about to take my truck to the scrap yard thinking I had french toasted the engine. I recommend anyone that is having a ignition problem to see this video. Again thank you.
So what was the fix? These Fords will misidentify which cylinder is misfiring too.
UPDATE: Number 7 was miss-firing due to driver transistor burned out on "G" Replaced with Motorcraft remaned PCM for a 169.00 bucks. Thanks for the insight that none of the other shops found this problem, including the Ford dealer. *OPPS* No more incidents so far. Thanks again for the insight.
After the savings I ordered a bran new Nex IQ Prolink on E-Bay Look forward the the next glitch that you might be able to steer me straight on with my new tool.
David Beller, MD.
no problem, thank you!
5 star tech & presentation, great candidate for a top 10 series.
Another brilliant case study. This is all making sense now.
Wow ! I read all the comments....lots of them. I really like your teaching style. Been watching ur videos and been learning a lot. Thank you for the time you take to make quality helfull and easy to follow videos.
You are an excellent teacher bro. It would be awesome to apprentice you or even sit in on your meetings. You made everything extremely understandable. Keep up the good work.
Thank you! If your interested I have over 540 more videos on my website with over half of them of me in the classroom (like on this one)
www.scannerdanner.com/join-scannerdanner-premium.html
Hope to see you there!
I bought a verus Pro, an older one that I'm thrilled with because of your videos. My next purchase will be a Pico.
Awesome! Thanks for following what I am doing!
Thanks man! I will look that up. I truly wanted to fix this one. I even had a used computer for this truck that I could have taken the transistor out of. Just didn't want to butcher it.
Awesome case study. And thank you for following up with a test of that coil using an ohmmeter, I was wondering whether that would show bad or not using that method.
another great video,found you a couple of weeks ago, fantastic methodical diagnostics,simply the best
working my way through all you videos,
thanks for all your teaching methods really easy to follow,I've only got a ADC212 just now but have been using it more and more since coming across your videos
next time your in Scotland i'll buy you an IRN-BRU
Thanks Mark ,
So true. A lot of coils measurements within spec but still contributed to engine performance. Happened when warm up and under load
yes my friend. both pictures are primary current ramps. What I am showing is not only can you see primary faults but also some secondary faults in a primary current ramp.
Thanks man, great questions and great points you brought up too my friend
for a free video very informative for me. i have many years in the automotive and airline industry as a mechanic but never fully utilized a scope. I am looking into purchasing a decent scope and learning how to fully expand my knowledge electrical diagnostic and troubleshooting. local snap-on dealer recommended your channel and I'm utilizing all your videos. soon will subscribe for more in-depth videos thanks Dan
thanks so much!
very well explain on how this for ford ignition work and efficient way to diagnose .
thanks
I discovered we had a picoscope at work the other day it lives on top of a cupboard in retirement. but now that sonofabitch is coming out of retirement. its gonna get used and after this video its going to have a bash on the Mazda rx8 coil set up as soon as one comes in running crap as they do. thanks for the instruction, it was really informative and easy to soak up into my old brain. cheers.
#
Thanks for the reminder. I know the misfire codes follow cylinder numbers, I wasn't sure about the primary control trouble codes.
Thanks Craig! You will not be disappointed. Remember it is an eBook, not a book I send to you. You will have immediate access after your purchase.
Thanks again
Paul
Dude you rock, this is exactly what I found (not in the same detail) on my 2003 expedition with a po356 I need a new PCM
Awesome video with great details and easy to understand. Thanks!
Thanks for the vid i was Slummped with this one
Another great video! Thanks for sharing it with us!
that is correct!
and no problem my friend, happy new year to you too
Thanks man, I really appreciate the comment.
Thank you! Unfortunately most shops do not do troubleshooting at all. Maybe 5-10% of them do use proper methods. A good place to search for one is on iATNs shop finder.
Damn this dude is smart I literally could watch these all day
you are in luck! I have about 600 more here on UA-cam and another 450 on my website :-)
Thank you so much
@@ScannerDanner my wife got me a picoscope for Christmas I'm learning more about your videos have alot of good information thank you
@@elijahhena3143 that's awesome! You have a great wife :-)
excellent video. thank you and for sharing you knowledge with us. take care and GOD bless you, and your family too
this is awesome information and I could watch it all day
Thanks John!
Boss man, this is better than watching tv. Plus it helps me with car trouble. Thanks
Glad to hear it! Thank you
"Someone has been here and playing around" That's great :) good work !
Awesome video, I always learn so much from these!
The coil shorted out from a number of factors which in this case, no amount of preventive maintenance would have helped. Heat, vibration, and coil design would be the culprits in this case. As for the PCM, as I showed in the video, the shorted coil cooked the PCM driver. It needed a coil and driver to fix the #6 cylinder misfire.
thank you very much. how cool is that, that you found a picoscope at your shop!
this is a great video to instruct new students. Well done.
I really appreciate your help with my questions. I notice you dont have that many views; probably because your on a level way beyond the diyer. Im a make sure to let everyone I know, that has interest in cars, to check out your utube, and endorse purchase of your book. Once again thanks a lot for your help and keep up the good work; those of us in the "know" recognize your skills and the value of that information.
I have to give it to you... you are the best at this electronic stuff! Im going to buy your book on wednesday! I need it bad!!!!!
Awesome Paul as always. Just a thought, couldn't we have grounded the # 6 control wire at the CPU with a test light and then monitor the # 6 coil current pattern. As you mentioned before, using an incandescent test light grounded to the frame, etc would have allowed to simulate a good control signal at the CPU without concern about potentially damage the CPU driver. Thanks keep up your Awesome work on your videos🙂
Good idea, and I thought of it, but this is a sealed unit. It could still be done but not without butchering the housing. Not to mention the goo that probably covers the entire board. What do you do with that stuff? Do they make a solvent?
Nice video i was able to follow it and understand it
Paul, when you are explaining about when the transistor turn on 16.27 there are 2 downwards line when the transistor turn off ,magnetic field collapses is that some thing normal or is that secondary bleeding to primary some thing I will have to worry about??
thank you for sharing your knowledge with us, you are a excellent teacher . Those 2 down tum probably are coming from parts changer or repressed teacher some one do not understand what you are teaching, is pure gold!!!!
I loved this! Got quite excited watching this (must be my age!). How many shops would have changed the ECM only to find that one gets fried too? I bet most of 'em.
Never ceases to amaze me watching Paul do this. Unbelievably fascinating.
Hey Paul, you said there was another ECU on the floor. Did you ever check that one out? Was the truck eventually fixed?
They are all important, but I would say the ECT has more effect on the fuel curve than the TPS does. In particular during a cranking and warm up condition. Once the engine is hot though I would say the TPS has more effect on fuel delivery. (mainly accel enrichment and decel fuel cut-off)
Of course the RPM and MAF data is critical all the time.
I'M HAVING THE SAME ISSUE BUT ON CYLINDER #8 P0358, I HAVE NEW PLUGS AND COILS I CHECKED THE FUEL INJECTORS AND ALL ARE GETTING SIGNAL BESIDES #8. YOUR VIDEO REALLY HELPED A LOT! MY QUESTIONS IS WHAT WIRES ON THE COMPUTER DO I HAVE TO CHECK TO SEE IF ITS THE COMPUTER NOT SENDING SIGNAL TO #8
Not sure man, you need a wiring diagram. Go to Mitchell 1 DIY, you can buy a pass for your vehicle for very cheap
thank you for you time, great video. Keep teaching
Great video as always, my thought is if it is possible to ground the coil driver external bypassing the PCM.
Thanks for helping people I have ordered a Pico now, it is overkill for me but I do not trust the part changers they make it expensive so I do all car problem my self and you helped me understand trouble shooting with a scope possible. Thanks Danner for all your dedication for Automotive learning you will save money for ordinary people when your students get out in real life and work with cars.
Thank you my friend!
+ScannerDanner Premium This is the same question I have . A couple of months ago I was diagnosing A ford escape for an IAC TC and related problem and I narrowed it down to the ECM driver for the IAC but I wanted to test the circuit for surges or spikes such as the one that you found on this vehicle. Would it be possible to manually ground a suspected circuit to eliminate any possibility of damaging a new ECM.? I would be afraid of back probing a circuit While its running that it might short the ECM. I too am considering purchasing a PICO Just because of situations like this and others.
man you have tested everything it is the computer ...
or its shorted to power(not ground) but that's IMPOSSIBLE.
as always man great video !
it would be a switch input in most cases or a switch that directly controls a light
My coil was just loose. Thank you so much !!!!!!!
great information and well explained paul follwing it through with you it makes sense and helps build a picture i my mind so i become more aware of how engine management works.Never seen or heard it explained in such detai will definately be buying your book thanks davie/scotland
The theory with the second and third ramps having an initial straight up line is due to the fact that the primary field has not fully collapsed before it is turned back on again.
Normally you never want to see a straight up line in your current waveform on a coil of wire that is producing a magnetic field.
As for the second and third ramps being smaller and having oscillations at the beginning, I am not sure we can call this early coil failure, but I am seeing this as a pattern.
I did read more about that last night, that electricity travels pretty much at the speed of light so it really doesn't matter what wire you use, it will get there at the same time, and any difference would be non-measurable.
thanks for replying
I appreciate these videos alot. I'm working on diagnosing no spark on all 8 outputs on one of these 5.4 pcms. injectors fire while cranking but i cant get any coils to fire. Very strange to me that all coil drivers would fail and leave the rest of the pcm totally unaffected.
That is strange, especially because you have injector pulse! If you have injector pulse, you should have everything that ECM needs to fire the coils. What is coil positive voltage DURING cranking. Very important that, that circuit is loaded
05 Jeep Liberty 3.7 V6 with a P2311-Ign Coil#4 Secondary ckt. fault. #4 driver in the PCM was toast; did exactly the same scope test you did here at the PCM! Spark plug was so worn, looked like the spark was making its way down the ceramic at some point. Then using the #2 driver, the #4 coil primary current ramp showed a classic shorted SECONDARY winding. In the field have you ever seen a coil with a shorted secondary (not primary) winding cook a driver? Maybe the PCM was increasing the dwell time to compensate before it bit the dust?
I have not seen that. It has always been the primary.
Wow another great video by master Danner
Thank you
Great to see technicians that think as I do. I get many a shop who "doesn't do well with electrical" and replaced all the pattern and obvious parts but can't resolve the issue in this case. The aggravation is that they lap up the gravy and then complain about paying for diagnosis which they didn't charge for or don't get a bone of. I admire your set up. Many would say well just charge them. That would be nice real world but all the cheap shops, mobile mechanics, and google/youtube certified technicians have ruined the profit in diagnosis to the point I am going to do a Goodyear at my shop and only do brake and suspension, no need for exhaust I live in AZ.
What model and engine?
you want to know the sad part of all of this ...is that i studied all of your hand movements while you was teaching and then decide to get a picoscope 4425a and know i have to learn it all over again due to that pico decided to change and upgrade the program to a 7 and it looks nothing like your old program so i am really lost... is the a video where you due a tutorial on there new program ...because it coming from your mouth... it just sort of makes more sense....you have a way of teaching that for me is awesome i really get it ...
Thanks so much! I'm planning on a pico 7 basics video soon
@@ScannerDanner no thank you for being there for small guys starting out in this field ...soon enough i am going to sign up as well ..i just need for things to settle down a little on the home front side ...my wife thinks im crazy when your right about the fix and your like hells yeah.. i be doing the same thing while im watching your videos she could here me talk to you ...she said ..she is going to get me some loony pills ...once again thank you cant wait for the video....
Awesoem vid, thanks for taking hte time to show these things.
Why do you think I should watermark them? So people can find them better or to protect me in some way?
Thanks
Great video. I noticed you used the amp clamp on the A channel. Not a big deal with this type of capture, but the Pico 4423 has two ADC's and they are split between channels A & C I like to use my amp clamp on the B or D channel to assure maximum sample rate for faster signals. Just an FYI! Thanks for the great videos :O)
For a "type-A" or severe misfire, the PCM may shut down the injector, however not all systems do this and the ones that do will never have the injector disabled on start-up and I believe at WOT.
Almost all cars/trucks are ground side switched for both the coil and injector.
Most common failed driver is hard to answer but it is probably the coil driver.
i love that "are we gonna fry #5 driver yes i dont care the pcm driver is already fried" scanner we have established the driver for 6 is fried by jumping to driver #5 we are gonna see if problem that popped #6 driver is coil related taking into account those other funky secondary ramps we can say we need a coil based on that alone but having the need to verify why 6 was popped would it be fair to say you had a high amperage event get through to that driver somehow inside pcm i really loved the lesson on putting those voltage waveforms over amperage to find cylinder problems thank you
One more, on this system the coils will not be shut down during a cranking condition. So what you would see on the scope is a very high ramp (from the shorted coil), then no ramp as the PCM shuts the driver down.
A shorted plug will not overheat the coil, an open plug will damage (melt) the coil insulation though. As for the PCM driver, there is always the possibility that the driver is shutting down however that was not the case on this one. One way to verify driver shut-down or just a bad driver is to clear the codes, then restart it and see if the driver turns on before the fault. Another way on Fords is to run the KOER test. During this test any coil being intentionally turned off will turn back on
Thanks for the tip! I did not know that.
I bought a amp clamp, but im afraid to use it because i never used one. And i can't find out how use it properly, keep up the good work
You will never hurt your meter or your amp clamp by using it wrong. It produces voltage in the presence of a magnetic field. Thats it! I have a ton of videos showing the usage of it. Stay with me and ask questions and I'll do my best to answer.
Oh, just don't hook it up to a plug wire lol, if the wire arcs to it, then you can kill it. It should never connected to a plug wire anyway
Thanks
Paul, when you are talking about the second and third ramps for the primary side of the coils, why do you only look for turn on occilations at the beginning of the first and then look for occilations a little bit after the second and third ramp? Does this have to do with the on time of the coils? So if you see occilations at the beginining of the second and third ramp, does this indicate a problem with the coil because the coil is being stressed due to the fast current surges? Thanks Paul.
No attenuator needed on the verus, it has a much higher input voltage level (don't remember specs off hand). I have another video on the same system using the Verus, it is also titled Ford C.O.P. Ignition Testing or Misfire or something like that. Check it out.
Thanks bro, I really appreciate that!
what is the name of the video editing software you are using?
Hi ScannerDanner. What must be the minimum bandwith of an oscilloscope used in automotive diagnostic. Thank for your answer.
Where are you located?
they do and it is part of the transistor circuit but it cannot protect forever. Eventually it will cook it. I have a case study in Section 22 in my book on a Chrysler C.O.P system with a shorted coil that ended up frying the driver even though it had current limit protection. This is why you should never continue to drive a vehicle with a constant misfire. I could cost you big time.
Good Afternoon ScannerDanner have a great day 👍 Take care ScannerDanner God bless you 😊
Great tutorial thanks 👍
From Nick Ayivor from London England UK 🇬🇧
If it has a new IAC valve and you are still getting IAC codes, then you have either a wiring or computer problem or you have a vacuum leak which can cause "idle adaptive limit" codes and also stalling/racing idle speeds.
Thanks Russ, I'll check it out
The screen you are using is fantastic. Who makes it? I can see it is a projection but the touch, and "crayon", and eraser is great. I would like to use one for work also. Thank you.
Thanks Joel!