The First Billion Years of the Universe - with Emma Chapman
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- Опубліковано 16 лис 2024
- What happened after the Big Bang? When did the very first stars burst into life? Why are those stars were so unusual, and what they can teach us about the Universe today?
Watch the Q&A: • Q&A: The First Billion...
Emma's book "First Light" is available now: geni.us/GpAa0x
Emma Chapman is currently based at Imperial College London, where she is a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellow. Emma has spent her research career in London so far, completing her PhD and first postdoctoral position at UCL before heading off to Imperial College for a Royal Astronomical Society fellowship. Her research is in the Epoch of Reionisation, a rather off-putting name for a very exciting time in our Universe - when the lights first switched on. As those first stars formed and started flinging out high energy radiation, they formed bubbles of ionised hydrogen around them. We can observe this hydrogen today with radio telescopes and the race is on to make the first detection of the Epoch of Reionisation. Emma works mainly with the European telescope LOFAR based in the Netherlands.
This talk was recorded on 1 December 2020.
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Science, and the pursuit of knowledge, keeps me sane, in these turmultuous times, it takes me away from my negative thoughts, and let's the childlike wonder in me out again. I love it.
Science is a delusion and distraction created by very powerful people to hide the Truth from us to keep us obedient sheep that can be controlled and manipulated at will. Trust in God and he will reveal more knowledge and wonder than you can ever find in this lie you've been fed.
@@fatitigilo825 I hope you recover fully from your delusional state.
@@fatitigilo825 God is a delusion and distraction created by very powerful people to hide the Truth of Science from us to keep us obedient sheep that can be controlled and manipulated at will. Trust in Science and it will reveal more knowledge and wonder that you can ever find in that lie you've been fed.
@@fatitigilo825 seriously. Get help
What's really scary is that there are millions of Fati's (sic) out there
This was an excellent, easy to understand tutorial. Bravo and very well done.
She is a natural- even though the concepts are familiar, the delivery is so clear. A true bridge builder. I hope she gets her own show with a good audiovisual team.
It is unfortunate that we use explosion to describe the birth of our Universe as it was not strictly an explosion. An explosion is a rapid oxidisation event and that is not what happened. It is better to refer to the birth of our Universe as a rapid expansion.
One of the RI's best livestreamed talks - a fantastic communicator and a fascinating subject. Oh, and it made me buy Emma's book.
Very true. I certainly don't regret buying the book though!
Thank you to all involved for this. *Edit* Just bought Emma's book.
Great topic and a knowledgeable speaker, but I wish The Royal Institution could afford to send their guests a decent microphone.
We wish so too 😢 We do test our speaker's audio before record it and if absolutely necessary we send out microphones, but as you can imagine, our budgets have been more than decimated by the worldwide pandemic that has hit small independent charities hard. Most of our income in normal times comes from hiring out our building, which hasn't been allowed to happen since March 2020. We do not get any core government support so we rely heavily on keeping people on furlough and hoping our supporters will donate/become members. It is a tough time, and we are sorry that we cannot always bring you the best audio quality.
What was wrong with her mic? I could hear every word she said.
@@TheRoyalInstitution This made me a Patron! Thank you guys for all this amazing content!
The link to the Q&A is referring to the previous talk's Q&A
Argh, thank you for letting us know! Fixed now and here - ua-cam.com/video/9zxsC68PJUI/v-deo.html
I love your brain! Thank you for pushing the boundaries of our understanding of the universe.
It all started when I rotated my head. I saw the universe moving. Therefore, I have decided that I am the center of the universe
Thank you for this wonderful lecture Emma Chapman, and as always thank you Royal Institution for having a platform that makes this freely available!
Emma managed to encapsulate the story of astronomy’s current understanding of the history of the Universe. And how current astronomers utilizes light as a tool in order to understand it’s evolution in a funny and easy way to understand for a layman like myself.
Hope you all stay safe, and thank you all for bringing light to the topic and our life during these dark times.
///Kind Regards, Ankianka.
Dear Emma, I was wandering what exactly make U to believe that all creatures in the Universe have same perception and treatment of time?!...... Anyway, very smooth lecture, 10x a lot!!!
Indeed
I love the idea of you being an astrophysical archaeologist and the way you link things to Egyptology. I also like your look, which is a little unconventional - important because it takes unconventional people to do this work in my opinion. Wonderful talk. :o)
A very personable lecture, thanks for making such an effort! I may be a bit of a curmudgeon, but I prefer these home lectures to those at the RI. Ok, just me then.
I'd gladly give up my potato chip addiction to pay for amazing science like the JWST.
Your mum
Endlessly fascinating
I could listen to her lecture for 3-4 courses.
After watching Brian Greene lecture I'm fall in love with physics and astrophysics ❤
Love from india
Never be discouraged from discovering new knowledge in science, just be very careful how you present it to the public. Not all of them are as ignorant of the sciences as you may assume! I thoroughly enjoyed your lecture and have been a fan of the RIGB Christmas Lectures since the 1960s, but as I age I find I get more of a stickler for facts, grammar, spelling and all the things that were drummed into me at school.
Fun lecture! I’m totally in love with Emma 🥰🙌🙌
Light cannot lose energy, only our perception changes relative to it's sourse.
False, everything loses energy. It's fundamental.
All those "early" comments are so early, that I needed a 21 cm radiation telescope to see them
@Roger Loquitur Piff.....
Lol nice one.
Totoro!
WOW Incredible Job . Thanks so much. 🌈🎉
Outstanding job
shout out to natural selection for getting us all here, have a nice day.
A guy on Facebook said this is not true, mmmhh, who should I listen to?
Yourself. Are you French? Your avatar talk a lot.
@@heritagekebek3029 swiss
@@Aanthanur My best cheese!
Salut chez you!
Yep, same as, 'Some random in the internet tells the person who does this thing for a living that she is wrong'. If I was forced to choose, I'd go for the person who knows what they are talking about instead of the random person.
If you talk french well, the astrophysician
Hubert Reeves may help. He's one of the best.
"We are stardust"
ABSOLUTELY AMAZING!! All the endless history of the universe from the singularity to expansion the pairing of atoms created molecules to dust to stars then planets and it all lead to the Kardashians. It’s just incredible to ponder 🤔
So if it takes 2.5 million years to see the nearest galaxy then how are we able to see it? and so much of futher galaxy’s?
We see it as it was 2.5M years ago. Looking further out is essentially looking back in time.
its the light from 2.5 million years ago reaching you, this is why theres a limit to the "observable universe" which is light that has takes more than 13.8 billion years to reach us. (the age of our universe)
She explained that it takes time for light to travel. As she demonstrated with the ''Waving at your friend on the moon / mars / sun' etc. The light we see is the light that has travelled from the object. So if something-is 2.5 million light years away, it has taken 2.5 million years for light to have come from it to reach our sensors.
@@ptonpc sorry but I just can’t believe this
Bill Jhn who forced you to believe ? Ignore the video and go on to some other video since you are already an astrophysics expert thanks to your belief which is above the knowledge of all the astrophysicists...
Really bloody interesting. I did have to leave about 10mins in though to work out how long it will take for Andromeda and the Milky Way to collide.
Honestly, at 1 point I thought it would be here by the time I got the answer.
About 5 billion years if you're interested, Google says about 4.5, which in hindsight may have been a better move to check there 1st.
Edit: I should have waited 25 mins.
Without science there’s no future; without science there’s only darkness, ignorance, superstition, and conspiracy theories. Much, much more funding needs to go to science. Thank you, Emma Chapman! You have a cool sense of humor.
💕 ☮ 🌎 🌌
Without science we'd still be hunter gatherers leading a short dangerous life.
@@bulwinkle Attaboy!
@Roger Loquitur I never was, but the first humans were. Science is literally knowledge and a method of getting and understanding that knowledge.
Great video!
The RI really should be able to do better than a cheap webcam over Zoom. Sound quality apalling... learn to do better!
I wonder why didn't a blackhole form at the beginning of everything..or how the singularity with all that mass in a small area...how did it not form a black hole...or maybe it did form a black hole and we are on the inside of a blackhole or on the event horrizon and we are being projected holographically as 3 dimensional beings when in fact we live on the 2 dimensional membrane inside a blackhole or on its edge
Nice
Leonard Susskind would interest you.
The only explanation I've seen to this same question that's always bothered me is that space was inflating so rapidly that gravity lost most of the battle. Perhaps there were some areas of matter dense enough to form small black holes (very small) but we've yet to detect them. It'll be an interesting next hundred years as much more of the universe's secrets are unlocked.
@Roger Loquitur you've toyed with an idea of a meaningful thought ,but failed in its execution.
Your past is my present. My present is your future.
Very good lecture!
I only disagree with his dismissal of Popper.
If simplicity alone is the test for the right scientific answer, then "God is the creator of everything" would be a very simple theory. The problem is only that it is not falsifiABLE, meaning it cannot be tested. One could just as well say that everything invisible is blue in nature. So it is very important that any scientific theory is falsifiable, at least in principle.
There were no metals in the early universe.
A lot of stars had to live and die before there was even enough concentration of heavier elements to form rocky planets.
@Roger Loquitur ?
Hydrogen, helium and metals... lazy astronomers version of the periodic table :-)
Technically, everything heavier than Helium is a metal.
Astrophysicists, chemists and geologists agree
@@MichaelClark-uw7ex I'm a chemist and I disagree... however I can accept hydrogen as a metal, given enough pressure.
@@zapfanzapfan name one thing that is heavier than helium that isn't metal ?
@@Stevros999 Noble gasses?
@@Stevros999 Nitrogen, oxygen, neon... but, given enough pressure, like 1 million atm, oxygen gets metallic properties.
The phrase "optical light" is redundant - light is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible. Granted, many refer to ultraviolet light and infrared light... but this is inaccurate. If you can't see it, it's not light.
I assumed optical to be visible light, of course that is from a human's perspective, there are other wavelengths that we cannot perceive but they're still referred as light.
@1:37 THE LARCH
How did you learn to recognize trees from quite a long way away?
I hope this is for children.
amazing stuff :)
Oh look! 3 comentaries
5 now
6 now
No we mist some, its 8 already
One step closer to infinity at a time.
Are we talking about inside or outside the human body ? ... M
Brilliant, excellent :)
The full moon will visually fit in a .25” hole held approximately 21” from the eye. The Hubble Deepfield is approx 1/10th of that .25” dia circle. Which is smaller than a grain of rice, depending on the variety of rice do course. A good bit smaller than my fingernail. 🤓
Good one; a bit elementary for the first 15 mins or so. But one thing is certain: if you eat a lot of junk, you die early, just like those massive early stars :)
First until refreshed. Physics lit af🔥
Suppose a light wave is coming toward us from many Billions of miles away. Just what do you suppose is in that path length? The energy of a light wave is usually given by E= hf where E is the energy, h is Planks constant , and f is the waves frequency. Suppose some small particle is in the path and scatters or absorbs some of the energy E so it is no longer in the path to the observer. We know h cannot change on the right side of the equation. But the E on the left side must be reduced. Therefore the frequency term f must be reduced. Looks like (we) now interpret this as a Doppler shift! REALLY? Why is it not just a result of conservation of energy? We used to ask “why is the sky DARK at night” since (with no path loss and an infinite Universe) every resolvable spot in the sky should have a star in it. As I remember, the computed brightness was not trivial. Our sky is not very dark. Spectral lines appear ‘red’ shifted…OR perhaps the light energy E has been reduced resulting in an apparent reduction in frequency!
Of additional concern is just how can we view Stars or Galaxies Billions of miles away? Even a tiny particle or gas density might easily obliterate any Billions of miles away light source. I have seen claims we can view all the way to the imagined “Big Bang” - a term of derision by many astronomers back in the 40s and 50s.
28:49 I don't think at that time the universe was black instead it was white just like fog in winter.
It seems the first stars were, for lack of a better way of describing them, matter/element creation machines.
By this I mean matter other than hydrogen and helium, which at their birthing was all there was to build upon. Those two elements were the baseline "LEGOS" by which everything else emerged from the furnaces of those first stars. The first stars were complex element creation machines.
Think of it in terms of gardening. They infused, sprinkled really, the Universe with metals and "higher order" elements. And so the garden was "watered and seeded," from which it commenced to evolve and grow as all gardens are wont to do. From simple beginnings complexity emerges.
And so it has been doing ever since. Growing and evolving as the first sprinklers gradually shut down for being unnecessary because conception had occurred.. New sprinklers sprang into being watering with ever higher order elements and metals. Fertilizers, if you will.
In the arc of life the Universe is now a gangly, pimply faced, teen-ager. Out of it all has come at least one self-comprehending consciousness that we know of, us. Life has emerged out of that garden of continually evolving complexity. I daresay it will be very interesting to see where it all goes from here.
John~
American Net'Zen
If a car travels exactly south, that’s proof that it must have been at the north pole.
Every one is first untill they refresh 👇
I really wish you could at least send them better audio video equipment, why release something of voip quality when it's not even live in the first place?
It is live! You can attend the upcoming events here - www.rigb.org/whats-on
In terms of sending people audio-equipment, we do when we can but unfortunately the worldwide pandemic has hit small independent charities quite hard. Most of our income in normal times comes from renting out our building, which hasn't been allowed to happen since March 2020. We do not get any core government support so we rely heavily on keeping people on furlough and hoping our supporters will donate/become members. It is a tough time, and we are sorry that we cannot always bring you the best audio quality.
"Supernovae" is the plural of "supernova", which is what you should be referring to.
If there is so much radiation at 2 metres wavelength, why is the 2 metre amateur band so dead? I haven't heard anything on it for a few years! 73s ZL1CO.
Different types of light? You mean different wavelengths of the same energetic particle called a photon. It's the same stuff
Ok Karen 😂
@@Stevros999 haha good one bro!
@Roger Loquitur you're cooked.
I always have trouble with the ‘Universe starting from “nothing “ idea’. Something has to be forever OR THERE REALLY WOULD BE N O T H I N G. Let’s get rid of the something from nothing idea and just admit that the Universe is what always exists. By any reasonable rules of language, NOTHING CAN COME F R O M NOTHING!
Looks to me like all this “beginning of the Universe FROM nothing” business is just a way to provide employment for desperate scientists.
dont use action movies to illustrate nature. Hollywood and Nature have little regard for one another. You just made me sad.
The speed of light is boring its the way light jiggles that makes it so interesting.
If you think thát's interesting, wait until it starts twerking.
@@fatitigilo825 thats going to make QCD more interesting 🤔
And therefore the way everything jiggles... everything in our body is jiggling in endlessly hierarchical symphonies my version of which I just directed to write this decidedly much less worthwhile response with my phone compared to what they did to make it possible. 🤯
Got that infrared wavelength totally wrong!
im your 500th like of your lovely pictures there.
Im 652
mam you re great
Just new because Corona!
Oop I'm early
fun fact: the "4 mins to reach mars, and 4 mins to reach back" is an assumption by einstein back in the day, about the speed of light. it could theoretically be that it takes 8 mins one way, and is then instantanious the other way - we simply dont know :)
Erm no, it is based on distance x speed of light.
@@helphelpimbeingrepressed9347 he is just trying to look smart cause he heard that it is impossible to measure the speed of light in one direction. That said, yes it is possible that it comes back instantaneously, yet very much unlikely.
@@PartisanGamer Well obviously it needs to reflect off something so we can get a return signal to measure! lol & no I think its safe to say that the photons don't floor it in one direction & then sticks some chill beats on & just enjoy the scenery XD
Forgot my formulas too lol its Distance divided by time = speed
"fan fact" == "please don't examine what I'm about to say too closely"
Genesis 1:2
Mythology? Noone cares
What if you like death metal?
Sorry about that chap!!!
Um um um um um?
I had to stop watching, this lecture is shockingly dumbed down.
Everybody start says first but am I?
👍
👌👌👌👌👍👍👍👍👍
Srsly? It's 2021 and this sounds like taken directly from a wax cylinder.
*And it's not even streaming!*
I'd rather not have science femsplained to me thank you very much
Then move on snowflake!
Billions of years....🤣🤣🤣
Oort cloud....🤣🤣🤣
Planets spinning backwards...🤣🤣
Magnetic fields of planets..🤣🤣
Scientists are funny...🤣🤣
Woman starts speaking... clicks next.
Some guys prefer men I guess
...can't understand a word she's saying...what language is that...it's a disgrace to trash the English language like that...sounds like a cat getting it's neck twisted off...
You mean the British English accent. Yeah, it is terrible, I agree!