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I was asleep and this video appeared on my list and I gave it a Play ... I enjoyed every second and now I can't sleep. I think of everything Mr. Geraint Lewis said ! I learned a lot tonight. Thank you very much !
So glad the audience wasn't interrupting Mr. Lewis' presentation. They were actually listening to him and the concepts he presented. The Douglas Adams line was a great thought provoking ending. I loved this presentation and the speaker.
To everyone who enjoyed this lecture and doesn't know about Geraint Lewis' and Luke Barnes' youtube channel Alas Lewis & Barnes, I'd highly recommend it for anyone interested in cosmology, good stuff!
not just gorgeous ( a real silver fox!), not just gorgeous AND intelligent, not just gorgeous, intelligent AND a superb communicator - but gorgeous, intelligent, a superb communicator, AND Welsh! A quadruple whammy....what a joy to find this series.
White anglosphere western civilization privileged men are to be shunned and blamed for all ills of the world. Especially if they are cisgender. Do try to keep up.
Being an enthusiast since the age of 6 and now watching this, makes me want to leave my digital marketing job and study cosmology full-time. I wish life were that easy.
I can't get enough of these intellectual conversations, it's the one thing that actually stimulates my mind and gets my neurotransmitters pumping. Thank you guys.
Why haven't I heard of Lewis before?! This was beautifully clear, nicely constructed and delivered with just the right amount of dry humour. Oh, and I read Black Cloud 50 years ago and hadn't thought about it until last week. Now here it is again. Miraculous.
Thank you Geraint Lewis for expressing ideas that I have had myself, & you express them with such clarity & give me so much by doing that. The final theme suggesting that it could be that the big bang has all happened before & could be a recurring moment in an overall universal "tiem-line" going on forever is one that I have been going on about to my friends for decades. They go "whatever". But it makes a lot of sense to me, although many will expect any expression relating to it to be accompanied by the scientific opt-out "we just don't know". Recently I have been listening to other addresses in this TRI series & in doing so a thought crossed my mind (mainly when listening to David Tong on field theory, which is given more definition by Harry Cliff's address on the Higgs boson) that there may well be, in this new strong acceptable/accepted definition of fields, an underlying explanation of Hubble's continuous expansion of the universe that you refer to that might just bring it all together. I am not a scientist & so not in a position to express this idea in any acceptable scientific form, & it may make little sense to those working in physics but 'll express it anyway. Who knows, there may be some benefit in doing that. It goes like this: There is only one independent force in the universe, the force of gravity. The rest are dependent forces, dependent upon the big bang. The energy available to be played out in the "life" of the universe that you describe, all exists at the moment of the big bang. Tong & Cliff give us the Standard Model. This is suggesting that the cosmic energy field is what exists after the whole thing settles down, and what you are left with, what is left over after matter versus antimatter has annihilated itself, the subsequent electromagnetic forces, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, the Higgs field that gives rise to mass, electrons, protons, etc. energy itself is there as a temporary adjustment to the failure of matter to completely be annihilated by antimatter. Harry Cliff showed us a picture of "what the universe should look like" applying the Standard Model and it looks extremely similar if not identical to the "end of the universe" you describe, the only difference being space and time. If it were possible to have a "clean annihilation" in the first few hundred thousand years after the big bang, he says, that's what it would look like. So the clouds, the galaxies, the suns, the planets, etc. are simply an expression of the uncertainty principle, proven to be correct by elements making up the background radiation in Tong's talk, not long after the big bang, that such a clean annihilation is never gunna happen. The universe is simply an expression of that; what is left over is fundamentally unstable; energy is the movement from "unstable" in the present to "stable" in the end of time that you describe. The process you describe, which is a picture of the "life" of the universe along the way, gives Cliff what he is hanging out for, "in the end". The "fields" described by Tong & Cliff are created by that process of movement from unstable to nothing. The uncertainty, the instability, the energy, "creating the fields", is responsible for everything in the universe, except for the force of gravity. It is responsible for the gas, the particles, their separation, the clustering you describe, their creation of suns, of galaxies, their burning, hydrogen, helium, their emission, photons, for their turning into red giants, into dwarfs, for dark matter, for the expansion of the universe, everything, You describe clearly the "end of life". But when the "life" of the universe has ended, what are we left with? You seem to be describing everything moving away from everything else at the speed of light, dark energy, the force of repulsion, is now everything, and it is also nothing because there is nothing to repulse. Because the big bang exists, the universe only exists because of the expansion of the universe. Take that away and everything is turning in on itself. When dark energy is universal, the expansion is ended, the only force available is the force of gravity. This means that the disarray within the repulsion caused by the history of the universe leads to clusterfuck, the clustering of dead/dark matter. The force of gravity may be weak, but it is the only force in the end. It brings all this matter back together again, setting up the ideal conditions for another big bang. Because we see no evidence for the creation of the universe, & because the universe exists at all, we know that the big bangs have been happening forever. And because of this, we know that the idea that a big bang at some "tiem" in the future will lead to complete annihilation is a nonsensical idea. It could happen, but because uncertainty has reigned supreme, forever, up until the present, it is highly unlikely in the future.
This was so encouraging. Finally I got the assurance that I needed that eventually all my enemies will be dead and I won’t have to ever pay taxes again or listen to politicians give non-answers to the people that they were hired to represent. Ahhhh! Peace at last.
Ah yes. No more horrendously wasted energy over petty squabbling, and all other forms of verbal human excrement. Eating and defecating have more purpose than that.
@@anthonyvincent5892 - Satire may not be your thing but you can always try living a fuller life by getting in touch with your inner curmudgeon and reigniting your gift of hubris to share with others.
You do realise that your taxes pay for the wages of researchers like this presenter? In fact over 95% of innovation and invention are initially funded by the tax payer. The internet itself is a product of tax payer funding. Even the first algorithm used by Google. These innovations are then handed over to corporations for exploitation and commercialisation. The list is long. You could mount the case that corporate profits are a form of taxation. They are generated by corporations adding on an amount to the purchase price you paid. So why are taxes so disgusting to you and corporate profits not mentioned? You nay need to apologise my friend
beautifully communicated, I enjoyed this lecture very much!! Thanks to the RI for putting on these lectures, and thank you to Geraint Lewis for a great talk!
Yeah 😂, and no one from audience laughed to my surprise. Also one more statement along the lines... "It would take few billion years for humans to understand or come to the point that we need to move out to other stars/galaxies."
Thank you for posting this, an excellent presentation! This is one of my favourite subjects as it really resonates with the human condition and wonder, what are we supposed to do with our time here? I think it is quite safe to say that either one accepts that whatever we do "here" doesn't really matter that much because of what was presented here, or one states that the only meaningful thing to aim for is to at least try to go as far as we can in this puzzle that is the Universe. Which would basically mean going forward on Kardashev scale and just try work out the physics until we truly understand everything there is. Whichever way we go, i think most of the stuff we humans spend our time and effort currently on which is basically more or less tribal warfare and squabbles regarding who gets what back from somebody else who took the stuff back in the day and eventually will lose it again is something we should just stop. We are acting like a spoiled brat and we should grow up, because there is the heat death of the Universe that awaits us.
PLEASE, give the viewer enough time to view the graphics! We don't need to watch every single gesticulation of the speaker. All we need is to clearly hear each and every word they utter. We accomplish this with our ears, not with our eyes. If we must watch every single second of the speaker waving their arms about, then place them in a small window, while the graphic takes up the vast majority of the screen. Thank. You.
Outstanding ability to simplify hard concepts to laymen and superb flow of ideas to maintain the interest of the audience. I very much enjoyed the talk and will watch it again to understand "a brief history of time". Many thanks and appreciation. I hope many young children watch these videos to have more great scientist like you.
outstanding lecture. I have learnt so much from this guy in the last hour than I did all the way through school. wow I actually feel more clever than I did an hour ago :)
It can get kind of repetitive that all of these kinds of talks have to go through the very basics of cosmology for the first half an hour or so once you have watched enough of them, but in the end, this is a very fascinating talk and some very interesting ideas to think about! (I make science videos too if anyone is interested!)
What a cruel way to find out the Douglas Adams has passed on. I have always had the impression the all people will cary on living with their friends, family and loved ones, somewhere and sometime, forever another place another time.
Beautiful presentations and so educational so thought provoking. So easy to accept that we are wasteful organic stuff and we need to learn that there is an end to us, like the dinosaurs, extinction is a cue and we are in that line up. We aren't doing nearly enough if at all, to sustain life today, what makes us think the current excelleration of devastation and climate change isn't pointing to a much earlier end than presented here ?
@@richardichard4237 both scenarios are equally terrifying and in any case we are the experiment and will continue to be their guinea pigs which makes me feel strange, uncomfortable and above all confused and angry like what the fck is going on anyone would tell us the truth in this life please if possible or maybe in the next and why this is happening if we are on the only available hard place in our Universe where we can live and thrive in the same time and that's our Earth which is now it has to be more like some kind of a realm much more than it has to be a planet or some kind of machine where we are protected by someone who we call God or by many of them Gods, but unfortunately we can't leave this place. The other possibility is not really claustrophobic like the first one and it means that we can travel through our solar system which is great already and when we grow up little bit more and we are prepared capable and ready we can travel inside and through our Universe also or we can stand firmly in one place in space and the Universe itself will travel for us instead. Here would be the same story like in the first case where obviously we are again product and creation of a highly intelligent creator or creators maybe a pure conciseness only because now we already know that our brain is materialistic but our mind and what was going on inside actually is not materialistic so anyway because our mind is finite also we can't imagine understand and comprehend some infinite things like our Universe and our God, strange a the truth would be stranger than fiction at the end but i really hope we are going to be told the truth
@@pucka_ak47 so long as their is life here, there will be life in the universe whether there isn't life already, life will evolve the same way organic matter came to be on earth and developed is the same way it could happen elsewhere it could even be organic matter from here. What really blows my mind is people forget that time and space is relative. Meaning for earth maybe 4 billion years have passed. However what about a planet where time is moving at 200 times our time. They don't have needed billions of years to evolve, a million will do for them, so out of all the billions of planets there's not one more advanced? Another interesting thing is even if their is intelligent life there is a huge space and time barrier. Read the three body problem one of the best books iv read blew my mind.
They're not that bad. We just have really great directional microphones that mainly pick up the voice of the speaker. We're actually thinking about maybe installing a few ambience mics across the room that we could fade in when there is a reaction from the audience.
The timescales here are unimaginable. His last slide depicting 10^100 years is far greater than the number of atoms in the entire universe. The universe is currently only 14 billion years old, which is far less than the number of atoms in a single drop of water.
46:45 "The scale of a cathedral" is even a gross underestimate. An Atom has about 10^-10) m, the core has about 10^(-15) m. A fly is about 1cm, so compared to the scale of a fly the atom would be about 1 km. The scale of a cathedral is about 100 m.
You're confusing distance with volume. When using a cathedral as reference, of course he was talking volume, which exponentially compares, not linearly. Atomic volume doesn't even have an "about" size, since they varies in insane amounts, so it would be absolutely silly to even consider it.
Nice lecture, thank you The Royal... Life is an expression of the universe, a part that has to do with existence, consciousness and nature. Stars and galaxies and all other celestial bodies and sometimes structures also have their existence and their cycles, everything lives and moves. And so one can say that this constant movement of everything (in the whole universe, at least in this one in which we are currently located) is an expression of life and existence... 🌞
Cheers to UA-cam for directing me back to this video after I accidentally pressed Jimmy Carr video on my screen 15minutes in. Phew!!!this is riveting stuff
Though I know we are limited as human beings, I've always cooled my head with thinking to space exploration as a way to indefinitely extend our life as specie. Admitting we are a fainting pixel of a screen that is slowly turning black is a though one. At least I hope the electronic beings following us will read this post and pay a microsecond of silence to their creators.
"We are stardust, we are golden. And we have got to get ourselves back to the garden" Woodstock by Joni Mitchell. I just think I want to attempt to stay in the present. 10^34 years is overwhelmingly beyond my comprehension. Having wrote that I enjoyed to lecture.
A generally interesting talk. It would have been much stronger however if some uncertainty (or more, actually) was expressed. To fill that missing 'talk matter' I include this quote from the Wikipedia article on the "Ultimate fate of the universe": "Cosmic uncertainty[edit] Each possibility described so far is based on a very simple form for the dark energy equation of state. But as the name is meant to imply, very little is currently known about the physics of dark energy. If the theory of inflation is true, the universe went through an episode dominated by a different form of dark energy in the first moments of the Big Bang; but inflation ended, indicating an equation of state far more complex than those assumed so far for present-day dark energy. It is possible that the dark energy equation of state could change again resulting in an event that would have consequences which are extremely difficult to predict or parametrize. As the nature of dark energy and dark matter remain enigmatic, even hypothetical, the possibilities surrounding their coming role in the universe are currently unknown."
Isn't it amazing we as a species started nomads wandering through the planet surviving and then developed enough to create cities and further advance our knowledge of the universe to the point where we realized we need to go nomad again but on a galactic scale in order to stay alive.
@Dirk Knight Agreed but I meant human kind as we know it, no doubts about the differences from our early ancestors and similarly to our future descendants but still in some regards the same curious inquiring nature that drives us.
The expansion isn't extra energy, it's geometric determinant. It's a toroid, and you're looking at a curved boundary. When observing a curved boundary, the objects on the "edge," appear to accelerate. It's a lensing effect, not a force.
Thank you for a very clear presentation, Dr. Lewis. What i find most fascinating about this lecture - and humans in general - is this incessant fascination with propagation of life. If all life-forms were to end at some point in the future, there's nothing bad with that. Whatever is there is always there.
Yeah, in the long run, we'll all be dead. I guess I would have figured that one out by myself. In the meantime, let's try to keep humanity going for another 100 years. That's 1 * 10E2. Cheers!
Very impressed with this video. I have always been interested in astronomy and physics. It was things like this that drove me to enter those professions. Thank you for feeding my insatiable curiosity about the universe and the wonders that we discove
If conservation of mass and energy is the universal prime directive, then the universe will forever be in transition between the two forms. If it in fact is not the prime directive, and energy and mass eventually disappear completely leaving nothing behind it begs the question of where did it go, and where did it come from in the first place. Where is where? Kudos to Professor Lewis!
It's completely irrational, but for some reason, I'm saddened by the fact there are galaxies moving away from us at the speed of light! I mean it might have something to do with knowing of their [galaxies] existence, yet them being forever out of our reach or even vision, and the knowledge we will never have access to; and yes I'm fully aware that even getting [certain] knowledge from the next nearest galaxy is an improbability, or even knowledge from elsewhere in our own, but still!
The 1-st law of thermodynamics states something to the effect... Energy can not be created or destroyed. (only exchanged). where did all the energy go? Converted.
Hate to be pedantic, but that's actually the first law. 2nd law means you always lose a bit of energy as waste heat that dissipates when you convert energy from one form to another.
Type corrected... If energy can not be created or destroyed, there should be no "loss". From the bit humans know. We lack the ability to convert w/ efficiency in a directions WE wish it to go. And how WE want it to go. Energy is the same. getting it to convert how we want it to has yet to be mastered.
Picture a boat cruising down a lake. No wind at all. The water is glass. 5 minutes later, on the shore, an observer sees the glass smooth waves rolling in. That’s radio. That’s what we are trying to read as communication from another planet. Imagine the same waves rolling in but a gust of wind picks up. The wind ripples the surface of the boat waves and that is the message.
My friend, Jesus says that when our body die, we enter into TRUE LIFE. please read the gospel of John. Ask Jesus to reveal himself to you. He will fill the rest of your life with joy and then he will come for you and give you eternal life with him. He promises joy and peace forever more. I will pray for you my friend. 😊
Luft you won't miss it, being dead and deaggregated... But those of us still around can remember you for a while yet and miss you. And maybe you still have some years to go, and can see a bit more of the world, and make a few more people happy along the way, nudge a few of us youngsters away from some stupid or harmful decisions. Just maybe. 😁
Question for everyone, but what if by the time of the heat death of the universe the lifeforms have learnt to manipulate dark matter in a way where they pull energy out the very fabric of space time? Seeing as there are virtual particles in the vacuum of space, wouldn't that interaction be usable to provide a minuscule (admittedly per interaction) amount of energy to power its internal structure?
We know there are several 'generations' of elementary particles like tauons, myons and electrons and top/bottom, charm/strange and up/down quarks. This leads me to the speculation whether our universe's history might be *fractal.* What we call inflation might have been Big Chill for a previous universe existing on much smaller spacetime and higher energy scales, and our accelerating expansion and Big Chill might be the inflation epoch of some other universe on larger spacetime but smaller energy scales, especially if there 'are' - actually will be - 'generations' of particles the now universe is still by far too hot for...
If anyone is interested in fiction built around the potential futures of life Geraint discussed halfway through this (brilliant!) presentation, I’d thoroughly recommend reading Iain M Banks’ novels, particularly those based around The Culture. Incredible stories and fascinating future projections, and he also uses them to very subtly reflect on terrestrial life today and how we should perhaps take our societies forward.
"Yes yes, eureka !!! I found the future of the universe with my many long hours of imaginative calculations and years of study and experiments. I'm just absolutely thrilled !!! " - "That's amazing what do you call it? " "The MILKOMETER"
If there is a trillion, trillion, trillion planets in the universe. There must be life very similar to our own. We may never discover our twins. Maybe, at this moment they are thinking the same and even delivering a similar lecture. R.I. thanks for your channel.
@@cocosloan3748 please elaborate... we make the distinction of life being special but clearly we are biased in that viewpoint. I will still stand by the assertion that on quantum or cosmological scales, life is neither necessary or important. Emergence of the complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements is only by product of the quantum properties and forces that govern particle interactions at the atomic/molecular scale. A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life. Emergence is the phenomenon you should read up on, it goes some way to explaining how brains and consciousness are formed also.
I will still stand by the assertion that on quantum or cosmological scales, life is neither necessary or important. ( _You can use either and or, or neither and nor. Mixing these are simply grammatically incorrect. So this sentence should read: "...life is neither necessary nor important."_ ) Emergence of the complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements is only by product of the quantum properties and forces that govern particle interactions at the atomic/molecular scale. ( _Byproduct is one word in this context. Also you forgot to add an _*_a_*_ or a _*_the_*_ in front of byproduct_ ) A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life. ( _Correct spelling of the word is discernible_ ) Emergence is the phenomenon you should read up on, it goes some way to explaining how brains and consciousness are formed also. ( _It is advisable grammar to finish this sentence with *as well*, instead of *also*._ ) As for your hypothesis regarding "Emergence theory", it is indeed a "complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements", but only on the molecular level, not on the atomic, or quantum level. You even say so yourself in the very next paragraph. And I quote, " A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life."
As for your original assumption, "Life is an arbitrary distinction." it is quite illogical, and therefore could not be more irrelevant if you tried. If there was no life, who would question it? The very fact that we are an emergent effect of chemistry, makes us anything but inconsequential. If there was no life, your argument would be by definition moot.
One of my favourite channels. Ty Ri. And G.Lewis. Nice..and feel like I need to shout out my man Issac.N. His work on gravity, imho, and genius was years ahead of anything. I mean, he basically invented physics! Then we wait for hundreds of years for someone to take on the baton. Just next level. I try, but some channels just, well they're speaking a next language. And I'm above average intelligence, I'm not afraid to say.
humans would of probably killed each other off by then. Or we get hit by an asteroid or a couple of super volcanoes would of gone off by then. Yellowstone is overdue to erupt. they r still working out when the LA super volcano is going to go again. they only discovered LA was built inside the culdera of a super volcanoe a couple of years ago and there is a 3rd in new york state. 7 super volcanies all around the earth have been discovered so far 3 r in the USA. only takes 1 of them to go off and it will be a mass extiction event with about 80% of all life on earth wiped out over a few years. When krakatoa went up it caused crops to fail all over the world due to the ash blocking out the sun for a few years. That was a big eruption but not a super volcano. When yellowstone goes of it could trigger LA and new york ones to go off as well in a cascade effect. If all 3 go off it will be the end of north america, nothing will survive. The whole world will be in an ice age for several years.
Jewelers need to practice saying: "The gold in that ring was forged in the heart of a dying star." Learning about those cataclysms makes the process even more amazing to me. A star experiences some kind of reflected shockwave as material from the outer layers crash into the super-dense core, creating conditions of such extreme pressure and energy that heavier elements are fused. Or two neutron stars collide, and that collision (holy shit, where do you get two neutron stars in proximity like that? I guess binary star systems are the starting condition). But these are events of such exotic and violent nature that there's almost nothing else to compare with them. And then those heavy elements are flung far and wide in the ensuing explosion, with some infinitesimal shred making up the material of the Earth. It's like a particle of dust raised as we walk through the front door becoming one of the most precious components of a dust bunny under the couch. That particle being the impetus of war and murder, commerce and worship. The fascination of all humans and a metaphor for purity and goodness. Or avarice and foolishness. And the vast majority of the gold produced in the explosion of a supernova is traveling across the void, never to be gathered into the hidden crevices of an inhabited planet. Just flying off to the edges of creation. I like the idea of the star's dying. It is the last full measure of devotion for the star to have used itself up to break the limits of physics and create elements heavier than iron. Iron is, after all, the most mundane of metals. The very bane and death of the Fair Folk, it is anathema to the Old World of magic and fascination. The prop and scaffold of this dreary world of formulae and statistics, iron is used to imprison and hobble even those of great power. And as a star uses the last of its fusible elements, iron is the hard, grey ceiling beyond which it cannot go. Until the fires go out, and that shell of ashes collapses in a rush toward the center where the nature of matter itself has been compressed and distorted almost beyond comprehension. Extremes of compression and heat, unattainable even by the powers of nuclear fusion, create a menagerie of exotic elements. The unicorns of the Periodic Table that emerge only in the greatest violence attainable. And out of this, ordinary elements were forced together to make the gold that adorns your finger. In gold, the magic and fascination are restored to the world; a reminder that there is more than the cycle of labor and sleep in our days. For the rare and impossible lurk under the rocks, and love itself can be a fire between two hearts.
It has become quite fashionable with thoughts like "nature/cosmos would be much better off without intelligent life", the universe not being aware of itself in the form of conciousness = an ultimate meaninglessness.
Talents, young artists, music charts I have thought the same thing, if nothing is conscience of it, just a lot of stuff happening autonomously by the laws of physics till the end of time, a truly bizarre notion.
The point is not that entropy increases but it might reach a maximum which would be deadly. An ever-expanding universe might permit entropy to increase forever without reaching a maximum.
Entropy is a law of state /a law of existence I meant /is a law of the things how need to befave/ in wich state they should find at any given time. So basically Entropy is a law of nature(nature being dead or alive) all obeys Entropy - except God. God is the only beeing in the Univers that goes beyond entropy and arow of time (if you understand my point of view) I'm not speaking about "gods" but rather the "God" itself - the Almighty. God the Almighty wich we don't have his exact name transcend time and he can travel through space not being affected by its laws. He is made out of pure consciousness. His energy is far mor subtile than any form of energy known to mankind - for this reason alon, he is not bound by the inertial law (so he doesn't need to obey the law of gravity or to the speed limit in the universe) he can travel at superluminic speed and he can goes trough matter or fields of energy without being afected by it/he literally can be at any given point of the univers at any given time (in the present time) or in all places at once. Is very difficult to explain though... but imagine because he's not bound by the speed limit of light he can literally be in any corner of the universe in any second if he chose to do so. That's an incomprehensible wisdom and power wich human brain cannot fully understand or grasp. God the Almighty is a Hiper-consciousness that's play with the laws on this universe and bend them alike as he pleases. I think I said enough for anyone to grasp a tiny bit of his imense power and wisdom. Have peace.
Remember you're more likely to die from the influenza. Don't look at the rubber stamped numbers. Don't look at the headlines. I agree with your sentiments however coming from communicable disease epidemiology standpoint.
KEVIN Avillain lol at you’re more likely to die from flu. The fact is, prior to the pandemic, people didn’t have any type of immunity to the Sars-cov-2 because it’s a novel virus. People, especially in New York, are dying in a higher rate than in flu seasons. It’s funny that we have people walking around claiming something when they have no scientific evidence to back their claims. Kinda like when people claim the earth is flat when they haven’t even gone out to look at the earth from outer space lmfao. Kinda like when people claim 5G towers cause covid-19 when they don’t even know how 5G works and even what a tower looks like lmfao. But hey, we all have our biases.
For all of us, time starts, and ends in the same place, the brain ! For all of us, the value of time is it's moment of use . Time starts when it's used, and stops when it's not ! Time is a very useful measuring tool .
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Personal or universal time , neither one has any physical connection to the physical universe, if there is a connection put it out there ! Mathematical concepts are just that, and not physics. Theres two kind of universe, mathematical, and physical, my choice is the physical universe where all motion including orbital is of ENERGY . Time like Math are tools made by humanity out of necessity to help us better understand our surroundings . Time started when some smart guy measured earth rotation as twenty four hours as one complete day devided by light and darkness down the middle. Today mathematical TIME is buried in some computer messuring the complete universe without any physical activetys, which is wrongly labeled as physics !
Ahhhhh, kids.......I am old enough to remember a time when my father said to me "Son, enjoy your four years at Trinity College." I wanted to help pay for it and he said, "No, your job is to study hard and learn how to think , and if you worked that would be a distraction.....and you are certainly not going to work during summer vacations----you are coming on family vacations to Maine!" His philosophy was you should only have kids if you could pay for their college, not a bad philosophy. Now I am retired after a long life working hard, unencumbered by debt, having saved my money, and now enjoying my martinis, fishing with dad's fly rod, enjoying my lake house, and nd watching videos like this. In a few years I will blink out of existence, hopefully before America is burned to the ground and socialism destroys the country,----with few regrets and grateful I grew up in the suburbs in the fifties and not in these poisonously toxic times.
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Oh, and Ri, since my kids were little, we've been listening to all these wonderful Ri talks, and now they are teenagers, and still like them, as do I
Glad to hear you and your family are enjoying them so much, Mark!
I know. I'd much rather watch one of these or a lecture from elsewhere of an evening, instead of the trash that passes for 'prime-time' TV these days.
I was asleep and this video appeared on my list and I gave it a Play ... I enjoyed every second and now I can't sleep. I think of everything Mr. Geraint Lewis said ! I learned a lot tonight.
Thank you very much !
So glad the audience wasn't interrupting Mr. Lewis' presentation. They were actually listening to him and the concepts he presented. The Douglas Adams line was a great thought provoking ending. I loved this presentation and the speaker.
To everyone who enjoyed this lecture and doesn't know about Geraint Lewis' and Luke Barnes' youtube channel Alas Lewis & Barnes, I'd highly recommend it for anyone interested in cosmology, good stuff!
Ah, good shout, we'll add a link to the description!
Feels like good advice. I've taken it!
Cheers, I didn't know about this!
Thank you for the information. Just subbed....
not just gorgeous ( a real silver fox!), not just gorgeous AND intelligent, not just gorgeous, intelligent AND a superb communicator - but gorgeous, intelligent, a superb communicator, AND Welsh! A quadruple whammy....what a joy to find this series.
What a nice compiment, vivienne.
And I mean every word. If I could just meet a guy like this!😍
White anglosphere western civilization privileged men are to be shunned and blamed for all ills of the world. Especially if they are cisgender. Do try to keep up.
Being an enthusiast since the age of 6 and now watching this, makes me want to leave my digital marketing job and study cosmology full-time. I wish life were that easy.
I can't get enough of these intellectual conversations, it's the one thing that actually stimulates my mind and gets my neurotransmitters pumping. Thank you guys.
It’s non-science mumbo jumbo.
Why haven't I heard of Lewis before?! This was beautifully clear, nicely constructed and delivered with just the right amount of dry humour.
Oh, and I read Black Cloud 50 years ago and hadn't thought about it until last week. Now here it is again. Miraculous.
shame I couldn't hear the audience reactions so I knew when to laugh.
@@Lisa-im6hy lol moo
o moo o
No
I wish I heard him before, he is a wonderful communicator, authentic, clear, no-nonsense, smart,
Never tire of these talks, Thank you.
My pleasure
You ain't going no where like 4 flat tires
Thank you Geraint Lewis for expressing ideas that I have had myself, & you express them with such clarity & give me so much by doing that. The final theme suggesting that it could be that the big bang has all happened before & could be a recurring moment in an overall universal "tiem-line" going on forever is one that I have been going on about to my friends for decades. They go "whatever". But it makes a lot of sense to me, although many will expect any expression relating to it to be accompanied by the scientific opt-out "we just don't know". Recently I have been listening to other addresses in this TRI series & in doing so a thought crossed my mind (mainly when listening to David Tong on field theory, which is given more definition by Harry Cliff's address on the Higgs boson) that there may well be, in this new strong acceptable/accepted definition of fields, an underlying explanation of Hubble's continuous expansion of the universe that you refer to that might just bring it all together. I am not a scientist & so not in a position to express this idea in any acceptable scientific form, & it may make little sense to those working in physics but 'll express it anyway. Who knows, there may be some benefit in doing that. It goes like this: There is only one independent force in the universe, the force of gravity. The rest are dependent forces, dependent upon the big bang. The energy available to be played out in the "life" of the universe that you describe, all exists at the moment of the big bang. Tong & Cliff give us the Standard Model. This is suggesting that the cosmic energy field is what exists after the whole thing settles down, and what you are left with, what is left over after matter versus antimatter has annihilated itself, the subsequent electromagnetic forces, the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force, the Higgs field that gives rise to mass, electrons, protons, etc. energy itself is there as a temporary adjustment to the failure of matter to completely be annihilated by antimatter. Harry Cliff showed us a picture of "what the universe should look like" applying the Standard Model and it looks extremely similar if not identical to the "end of the universe" you describe, the only difference being space and time. If it were possible to have a "clean annihilation" in the first few hundred thousand years after the big bang, he says, that's what it would look like. So the clouds, the galaxies, the suns, the planets, etc. are simply an expression of the uncertainty principle, proven to be correct by elements making up the background radiation in Tong's talk, not long after the big bang, that such a clean annihilation is never gunna happen. The universe is simply an expression of that; what is left over is fundamentally unstable; energy is the movement from "unstable" in the present to "stable" in the end of time that you describe. The process you describe, which is a picture of the "life" of the universe along the way, gives Cliff what he is hanging out for, "in the end". The "fields" described by Tong & Cliff are created by that process of movement from unstable to nothing. The uncertainty, the instability, the energy, "creating the fields", is responsible for everything in the universe, except for the force of gravity. It is responsible for the gas, the particles, their separation, the clustering you describe, their creation of suns, of galaxies, their burning, hydrogen, helium, their emission, photons, for their turning into red giants, into dwarfs, for dark matter, for the expansion of the universe, everything, You describe clearly the "end of life". But when the "life" of the universe has ended, what are we left with? You seem to be describing everything moving away from everything else at the speed of light, dark energy, the force of repulsion, is now everything, and it is also nothing because there is nothing to repulse. Because the big bang exists, the universe only exists because of the expansion of the universe. Take that away and everything is turning in on itself. When dark energy is universal, the expansion is ended, the only force available is the force of gravity. This means that the disarray within the repulsion caused by the history of the universe leads to clusterfuck, the clustering of dead/dark matter. The force of gravity may be weak, but it is the only force in the end. It brings all this matter back together again, setting up the ideal conditions for another big bang. Because we see no evidence for the creation of the universe, & because the universe exists at all, we know that the big bangs have been happening forever. And because of this, we know that the idea that a big bang at some "tiem" in the future will lead to complete annihilation is a nonsensical idea. It could happen, but because uncertainty has reigned supreme, forever, up until the present, it is highly unlikely in the future.
No.
This was so encouraging. Finally I got the assurance that I needed that eventually all my enemies will be dead and I won’t have to ever pay taxes again or listen to politicians give non-answers to the people that they were hired to represent. Ahhhh! Peace at last.
😊😊❤
Ah yes. No more horrendously wasted energy over petty squabbling, and all other forms of verbal human excrement. Eating and defecating have more purpose than that.
Inane comment
@@anthonyvincent5892 - Satire may not be your thing but you can always try living a fuller life by getting in touch with your inner curmudgeon and reigniting your gift of hubris to share with others.
You do realise that your taxes pay for the wages of researchers like this presenter?
In fact over 95% of innovation and invention are initially funded by the tax payer.
The internet itself is a product of tax payer funding.
Even the first algorithm used by Google.
These innovations are then handed over to corporations for exploitation and commercialisation.
The list is long.
You could mount the case that corporate profits are a form of taxation. They are generated by corporations adding on an amount to the purchase price you paid.
So why are taxes so disgusting to you and corporate profits not mentioned?
You nay need to apologise my friend
beautifully communicated, I enjoyed this lecture very much!! Thanks to the RI for putting on these lectures, and thank you to Geraint Lewis for a great talk!
Great comment.
@@perrynnlynch1883 to home depot for bbl KBB in operation NJ BH j hi Jennifer BH bbl j BB BH BBC is hi
This one is so good, my favorite so far. I will actually watch this one more than once.
“ It’s tough to see intelligent life here, but there is life”…… That sentence is the most accurate thing he said the entire talk.
Yeah 😂, and no one from audience laughed to my surprise.
Also one more statement along the lines... "It would take few billion years for humans to understand or come to the point that we need to move out to other stars/galaxies."
I'm reminded of the Peter Cook line. "Still, there is hope. I hope this will not happen."
I wish my college astronomy class was this informative.
Yes. All the math and rigor emphasized in an academic setting can mask the actual fascinating aspects of a subject.
I wasn't worried about what I'm what I was going to do ten billion years from now till I watched this show.
Oh the absurdity.
Thank you for posting this, an excellent presentation! This is one of my favourite subjects as it really resonates with the human condition and wonder, what are we supposed to do with our time here? I think it is quite safe to say that either one accepts that whatever we do "here" doesn't really matter that much because of what was presented here, or one states that the only meaningful thing to aim for is to at least try to go as far as we can in this puzzle that is the Universe. Which would basically mean going forward on Kardashev scale and just try work out the physics until we truly understand everything there is.
Whichever way we go, i think most of the stuff we humans spend our time and effort currently on which is basically more or less tribal warfare and squabbles regarding who gets what back from somebody else who took the stuff back in the day and eventually will lose it again is something we should just stop. We are acting like a spoiled brat and we should grow up, because there is the heat death of the Universe that awaits us.
No.
PLEASE, give the viewer enough time to view the graphics! We don't need to watch every single gesticulation of the speaker. All we need is to clearly hear each and every word they utter. We accomplish this with our ears, not with our eyes. If we must watch every single second of the speaker waving their arms about, then place them in a small window, while the graphic takes up the vast majority of the screen. Thank. You.
He waves his arms about more than an Italian. Andy England 😉
Rewind and pause are your friends.
If only there were a way to stop the video or go back...
Brad Stephan would that make it believable?
There is a pause button you know 😕
So well-spoken and a pleasant conveyance of complicated information, with great graphics.
Outstanding ability to simplify hard concepts to laymen and superb flow of ideas to maintain the interest of the audience. I very much enjoyed the talk and will watch it again to understand "a brief history of time". Many thanks and appreciation. I hope many young children watch these videos to have more great scientist like you.
outstanding lecture. I have learnt so much from this guy in the last hour than I did all the way through school. wow I actually feel more clever than I did an hour ago :)
Me too 😂
Great thing about the end of time is that you can never be late again.
I learned something today.All what he says may happen or ...not. Conclusion? Don't worry, be happy.
It can get kind of repetitive that all of these kinds of talks have to go through the very basics of cosmology for the first half an hour or so once you have watched enough of them, but in the end, this is a very fascinating talk and some very interesting ideas to think about! (I make science videos too if anyone is interested!)
What a cruel way to find out the Douglas Adams has passed on. I have always had the impression the all people will cary on living with their friends, family and loved ones, somewhere and sometime, forever another place another time.
Time can't end if it never existed..only reason we have time is bc we are here to take measurements and add meaning to it.
Beautiful presentations and so educational so thought provoking. So easy to accept that we are wasteful organic stuff and we need to learn that there is an end to us, like the dinosaurs, extinction is a cue and we are in that line up. We aren't doing nearly enough if at all, to sustain life today, what makes us think the current excelleration of devastation and climate change isn't pointing to a much earlier end than presented here ?
One of the most fascinating and stimulating presentations I have seen. It will be survival of the fittest for sure in the end.
I think the universe is full of life and hopefully, there are planets with smarter beings
Grow up Robert, you are an idiot. Bendy water...?? No curvature....!! Planets....??? AHAHAHHHAHAHAHAHA!!
Why are flatturds allowed out?
They belong out of harms way in secure facilities. For their sake and everyone else.
Or at the very least, beings that know how to use punctuation. 🤷🏽♂️
@@richardichard4237 both scenarios are equally terrifying and in any case we are the experiment and will continue to be their guinea pigs which makes me feel strange, uncomfortable and above all confused and angry like what the fck is going on anyone would tell us the truth in this life please if possible or maybe in the next and why this is happening if we are on the only available hard place in our Universe where we can live and thrive in the same time and that's our Earth which is now it has to be more like some kind of a realm much more than it has to be a planet or some kind of machine where we are protected by someone who we call God or by many of them Gods, but unfortunately we can't leave this place. The other possibility is not really claustrophobic like the first one and it means that we can travel through our solar system which is great already and when we grow up little bit more and we are prepared capable and ready we can travel inside and through our Universe also or we can stand firmly in one place in space and the Universe itself will travel for us instead. Here would be the same story like in the first case where obviously we are again product and creation of a highly intelligent creator or creators maybe a pure conciseness only because now we already know that our brain is materialistic but our mind and what was going on inside actually is not materialistic so anyway because our mind is finite also we can't imagine understand and comprehend some infinite things like our Universe and our God, strange a the truth would be stranger than fiction at the end but i really hope we are going to be told the truth
@@pucka_ak47 so long as their is life here, there will be life in the universe whether there isn't life already, life will evolve the same way organic matter came to be on earth and developed is the same way it could happen elsewhere it could even be organic matter from here.
What really blows my mind is people forget that time and space is relative. Meaning for earth maybe 4 billion years have passed. However what about a planet where time is moving at 200 times our time. They don't have needed billions of years to evolve, a million will do for them, so out of all the billions of planets there's not one more advanced?
Another interesting thing is even if their is intelligent life there is a huge space and time barrier. Read the three body problem one of the best books iv read blew my mind.
Let's sing for the universe a verse that never stops !
TL; TD; we’re doooomed! Doooomed I say!!! Wonderful presentation.
Fantastica,this by far the most priceless video about the universe ,explicit and greatly widened my scope of the heavens. Well done.
the audience is like a cold, dead universe.
They're not that bad. We just have really great directional microphones that mainly pick up the voice of the speaker. We're actually thinking about maybe installing a few ambience mics across the room that we could fade in when there is a reaction from the audience.
I think that would be nice to hear a little feedback from the audience.
The Q&A was much livelier, maybe the audience was just hooked.
GOOD!!!
I was in the audience. Maybe I should have whooped a few times.
The timescales here are unimaginable. His last slide depicting 10^100 years is far greater than the number of atoms in the entire universe. The universe is currently only 14 billion years old, which is far less than the number of atoms in a single drop of water.
It hurt me each time they didn’t laugh at his little jokes lol
They would've, surely; just no mics to pick it up.
came upon this channel by accident! omg im so lucky i DID! im addicted to these
46:45 "The scale of a cathedral" is even a gross underestimate. An Atom has about 10^-10) m, the core has about 10^(-15) m. A fly is about 1cm, so compared to the scale of a fly the atom would be about 1 km. The scale of a cathedral is about 100 m.
You're confusing distance with volume. When using a cathedral as reference, of course he was talking volume, which exponentially compares, not linearly. Atomic volume doesn't even have an "about" size, since they varies in insane amounts, so it would be absolutely silly to even consider it.
A truly fascinating lecture that explains cosmology so that us mere mortals can understand.
Nice lecture, thank you The Royal...
Life is an expression of the universe, a part that has to do with existence, consciousness and nature. Stars and galaxies and all other celestial bodies and sometimes structures also have their existence and their cycles, everything lives and moves. And so one can say that this constant movement of everything (in the whole universe, at least in this one in which we are currently located) is an expression of life and existence... 🌞
Brilliant lecture. Thank you RI!
One of the best channels I ever discovered..
If you're a metaphysical or some religious person.
What an amazing lecture that really puts everything into perspective I appreciate this presenter
This ain't the place for you.
Cheers to UA-cam for directing me back to this video after I accidentally pressed Jimmy Carr video on my screen 15minutes in. Phew!!!this is riveting stuff
Though I know we are limited as human beings, I've always cooled my head with thinking to space exploration as a way to indefinitely extend our life as specie. Admitting we are a fainting pixel of a screen that is slowly turning black is a though one.
At least I hope the electronic beings following us will read this post and pay a microsecond of silence to their creators.
Man, I LOVE this guy. How come I've never heard of him before? This was entertaining, informative and very clearly explained.
Very very interesting! Thank you for sharing this. Truly enjoyed.
it's hypnotic listening to this lecture and also imagining what's being described. awesome lecture.
I waited in vain to hear about the nature of the universe after the end of time.
Great stuff. Loved every minute of this!
"We are stardust, we are golden.
And we have got to get ourselves back to the garden" Woodstock by Joni Mitchell. I just think I want to attempt to stay in the present. 10^34 years is overwhelmingly beyond my comprehension. Having wrote that I enjoyed to lecture.
Great lecture. Brings Isaac Asimov's The Last Question to mind
This is an awesome video.
One of the very best
A generally interesting talk. It would have been much stronger however if some uncertainty (or more, actually) was expressed. To fill that missing 'talk matter' I include this quote from the Wikipedia article on the "Ultimate fate of the universe":
"Cosmic uncertainty[edit]
Each possibility described so far is based on a very simple form for the dark energy equation of state. But as the name is meant to imply, very little is currently known about the physics of dark energy. If the theory of inflation is true, the universe went through an episode dominated by a different form of dark energy in the first moments of the Big Bang; but inflation ended, indicating an equation of state far more complex than those assumed so far for present-day dark energy. It is possible that the dark energy equation of state could change again resulting in an event that would have consequences which are extremely difficult to predict or parametrize. As the nature of dark energy and dark matter remain enigmatic, even hypothetical, the possibilities surrounding their coming role in the universe are currently unknown."
Isn't it amazing we as a species started nomads wandering through the planet surviving and then developed enough to create cities and further advance our knowledge of the universe to the point where we realized we need to go nomad again but on a galactic scale in order to stay alive.
@Dirk Knight Agreed but I meant human kind as we know it, no doubts about the differences from our early ancestors and similarly to our future descendants but still in some regards the same curious inquiring nature that drives us.
This very interesting! I loved it!
The expansion isn't extra energy, it's geometric determinant. It's a toroid, and you're looking at a curved boundary. When observing a curved boundary, the objects on the "edge," appear to accelerate. It's a lensing effect, not a force.
Could not agree more, "Milkomeda" has to be the worst name in all physics.
Gaia Sausage
Thank you for a very clear presentation, Dr. Lewis. What i find most fascinating about this lecture - and humans in general - is this incessant fascination with propagation of life. If all life-forms were to end at some point in the future, there's nothing bad with that. Whatever is there is always there.
You don't need to say if because you are 100% sure you will end at some point.
the 20 minute introduction was unnecessary
Thank you for telling me how far I needed to skip forward.
yeah fuck this presenter
@@letskeepearthgreen Funny. That's exactly what your mom said (and did!!) when she saw me! Tell her I said "hi".
Never stop learning, these lectures are so incredible
Didn't you learn anything from this? All the info you seek will eventually be lost so there's no point.
Incredible lecture professor, thank you!
Wonderful story Mr. Lewis and especially as you wind up in quotes from Douglas Adams. Cheers and see you in the next Universe.
Yeah, in the long run, we'll all be dead. I guess I would have figured that one out by myself. In the meantime, let's try to keep humanity going for another 100 years. That's 1 * 10E2. Cheers!
In the short run we'll all be dead.
the universe have no start and have no end. we just cannot understand no start and no end.
henrik How do you know that?
Precisely.
You can skip half of this if you already read cosmology.
Very impressed with this video. I have always been interested in astronomy and physics. It was things like this that drove me to enter those professions. Thank you for feeding my insatiable curiosity about the universe and the wonders that we discove
There is only one question left to ask: is his audience a form of living matter?
See above.
If conservation of mass and energy is the universal prime directive, then the universe will forever be in transition between the two forms. If it in fact is not the prime directive, and energy and mass eventually disappear completely leaving nothing behind it begs the question of where did it go, and where did it come from in the first place. Where is where? Kudos to Professor Lewis!
I knew this story already. I heard it many times. I always need some drug after it. It is so depressing.
Its imaginary, don't feel too for the tale
It's completely irrational, but for some reason, I'm saddened by the fact there are galaxies moving away from us at the speed of light! I mean it might have something to do with knowing of their [galaxies] existence, yet them being forever out of our reach or even vision, and the knowledge we will never have access to; and yes I'm fully aware that even getting [certain] knowledge from the next nearest galaxy is an improbability, or even knowledge from elsewhere in our own, but still!
The end of the universe is when i wake up
The moral of this story is of course, that if you have anything you want to get done, get it done, as time and the universe won't wait.
But, what's beyond the "END OF THE UNIVERSE"?
The end of time. So there is no 'after'
We'll never see it but we can all have fun thinking about it. Thank you very much.
The 1-st law of thermodynamics states something to the effect... Energy can not be created or destroyed. (only exchanged). where did all the energy go? Converted.
Very good question
Hate to be pedantic, but that's actually the first law. 2nd law means you always lose a bit of energy as waste heat that dissipates when you convert energy from one form to another.
Type corrected... If energy can not be created or destroyed, there should be no "loss". From the bit humans know. We lack the ability to convert w/ efficiency in a directions WE wish it to go. And how WE want it to go. Energy is the same. getting it to convert how we want it to has yet to be mastered.
Picture a boat cruising down a lake. No wind at all. The water is glass. 5 minutes later, on the shore, an observer sees the glass smooth waves rolling in. That’s radio. That’s what we are trying to read as communication from another planet. Imagine the same waves rolling in but a gust of wind picks up. The wind ripples the surface of the boat waves and that is the message.
Now 74, I am at the ends days. I'm going to miss life.
@@FUTURE_MAN_3000 Thanks. Now I feel so much better.
My friend, Jesus says that when our body die, we enter into TRUE LIFE. please read the gospel of John. Ask Jesus to reveal himself to you. He will fill the rest of your life with joy and then he will come for you and give you eternal life with him. He promises joy and peace forever more. I will pray for you my friend. 😊
My brother at Rex Jesus has spoken well! It is great advice for you now at this time!
Luft you won't miss it, being dead and deaggregated... But those of us still around can remember you for a while yet and miss you. And maybe you still have some years to go, and can see a bit more of the world, and make a few more people happy along the way, nudge a few of us youngsters away from some stupid or harmful decisions. Just maybe. 😁
Your ride ain't over buddy!! Its just starting! Hold on for the ride, enjoy.
Question for everyone, but what if by the time of the heat death of the universe the lifeforms have learnt to manipulate dark matter in a way where they pull energy out the very fabric of space time? Seeing as there are virtual particles in the vacuum of space, wouldn't that interaction be usable to provide a minuscule (admittedly per interaction) amount of energy to power its internal structure?
We know there are several 'generations' of elementary particles like tauons, myons and electrons and top/bottom, charm/strange and up/down quarks.
This leads me to the speculation whether our universe's history might be *fractal.* What we call inflation might have been Big Chill for a previous universe existing on much smaller spacetime and higher energy scales, and our accelerating expansion and Big Chill might be the inflation epoch of some other universe on larger spacetime but smaller energy scales, especially if there 'are' - actually will be - 'generations' of particles the now universe is still by far too hot for...
Out of all the other comments Jens, yours gives me comfort.
Cool idea
If anyone is interested in fiction built around the potential futures of life Geraint discussed halfway through this (brilliant!) presentation, I’d thoroughly recommend reading Iain M Banks’ novels, particularly those based around The Culture. Incredible stories and fascinating future projections, and he also uses them to very subtly reflect on terrestrial life today and how we should perhaps take our societies forward.
"Yes yes, eureka !!! I found the future of the universe with my many long hours of imaginative calculations and years of study and experiments. I'm just absolutely thrilled !!! "
- "That's amazing what do you call it? "
"The MILKOMETER"
He is a great communicator!
"The Last Question" by Isaac Asimov is a possible answer?
If there is a trillion, trillion, trillion planets in the universe. There must be life very similar to our own.
We may never discover our twins.
Maybe, at this moment they are thinking the same and even delivering a similar lecture.
R.I. thanks for your channel.
Life is an arbitrary distinction. An emergent effect of chemistry. At the level of the cosmos or quantum is inconsequential.
geeze you like your words
lol true...But hes wrong...
@@cocosloan3748 please elaborate... we make the distinction of life being special but clearly we are biased in that viewpoint.
I will still stand by the assertion that on quantum or cosmological scales, life is neither necessary or important. Emergence of the complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements is only by product of the quantum properties and forces that govern particle interactions at the atomic/molecular scale.
A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life. Emergence is the phenomenon you should read up on, it goes some way to explaining how brains and consciousness are formed also.
I will still stand by the assertion that on quantum or cosmological scales, life is neither necessary or important. ( _You can use either and or, or neither and nor. Mixing these are simply grammatically incorrect. So this sentence should read: "...life is neither necessary nor important."_ )
Emergence of the complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements is only by product of the quantum properties and forces that govern particle interactions at the atomic/molecular scale. ( _Byproduct is one word in this context. Also you forgot to add an _*_a_*_ or a _*_the_*_ in front of byproduct_ )
A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life. ( _Correct spelling of the word is discernible_ )
Emergence is the phenomenon you should read up on, it goes some way to explaining how brains and consciousness are formed also. ( _It is advisable grammar to finish this sentence with *as well*, instead of *also*._ )
As for your hypothesis regarding "Emergence theory", it is indeed a "complex series of interactions between carbon and other elements", but only on the molecular level, not on the atomic, or quantum level. You even say so yourself in the very next paragraph. And I quote, " A definition of life is difficult because at the atomic/quantum level there is no discernable difference between life and no life."
As for your original assumption, "Life is an arbitrary distinction." it is quite illogical, and therefore could not be more irrelevant if you tried. If there was no life, who would question it?
The very fact that we are an emergent effect of chemistry, makes us anything but inconsequential. If there was no life, your argument would be by definition moot.
Fascinating lecture - thoroughly enjoyed listening to it. Geraint really held my attention from beginning to end.
Every time they 51:30 when they talk about the end of the universe puts in in a good mood. LoL (not really)
One of my favourite channels. Ty Ri. And G.Lewis. Nice..and feel like I need to shout out my man Issac.N. His work on gravity, imho, and genius was years ahead of anything. I mean, he basically invented physics! Then we wait for hundreds of years for someone to take on the baton. Just next level. I try, but some channels just, well they're speaking a next language. And I'm above average intelligence, I'm not afraid to say.
So are his predictions going to come true, pity no one will ever know the answer.
@Robert Walsh I'll drink to that.
humans would of probably killed each other off by then. Or we get hit by an asteroid or a couple of super volcanoes would of gone off by then.
Yellowstone is overdue to erupt. they r still working out when the LA super volcano is going to go again. they only discovered LA was built inside the culdera of a super volcanoe a couple of years ago and there is a 3rd in new york state.
7 super volcanies all around the earth have been discovered so far 3 r in the USA. only takes 1 of them to go off and it will be a mass extiction event with about 80% of all life on earth wiped out over a few years.
When krakatoa went up it caused crops to fail all over the world due to the ash blocking out the sun for a few years. That was a big eruption but not a super volcano.
When yellowstone goes of it could trigger LA and new york ones to go off as well in a cascade effect.
If all 3 go off it will be the end of north america, nothing will survive. The whole world will be in an ice age for several years.
No they won't no. No no - that I no. Like someone's spelling....!
@@Elgarman Well spotted thanks, correction in place.
@@HENRYFOLEY
I didn't mean to be rude, Mike. I'm just a stickler for spelling and grammar. (amongst other things...!) Regards.
Jewelers need to practice saying:
"The gold in that ring was forged in the heart of a dying star."
Learning about those cataclysms makes the process even more amazing to me. A star experiences some kind of reflected shockwave as material from the outer layers crash into the super-dense core, creating conditions of such extreme pressure and energy that heavier elements are fused. Or two neutron stars collide, and that collision (holy shit, where do you get two neutron stars in proximity like that? I guess binary star systems are the starting condition). But these are events of such exotic and violent nature that there's almost nothing else to compare with them.
And then those heavy elements are flung far and wide in the ensuing explosion, with some infinitesimal shred making up the material of the Earth. It's like a particle of dust raised as we walk through the front door becoming one of the most precious components of a dust bunny under the couch. That particle being the impetus of war and murder, commerce and worship. The fascination of all humans and a metaphor for purity and goodness. Or avarice and foolishness.
And the vast majority of the gold produced in the explosion of a supernova is traveling across the void, never to be gathered into the hidden crevices of an inhabited planet. Just flying off to the edges of creation.
I like the idea of the star's dying. It is the last full measure of devotion for the star to have used itself up to break the limits of physics and create elements heavier than iron. Iron is, after all, the most mundane of metals. The very bane and death of the Fair Folk, it is anathema to the Old World of magic and fascination. The prop and scaffold of this dreary world of formulae and statistics, iron is used to imprison and hobble even those of great power. And as a star uses the last of its fusible elements, iron is the hard, grey ceiling beyond which it cannot go.
Until the fires go out, and that shell of ashes collapses in a rush toward the center where the nature of matter itself has been compressed and distorted almost beyond comprehension. Extremes of compression and heat, unattainable even by the powers of nuclear fusion, create a menagerie of exotic elements. The unicorns of the Periodic Table that emerge only in the greatest violence attainable.
And out of this, ordinary elements were forced together to make the gold that adorns your finger. In gold, the magic and fascination are restored to the world; a reminder that there is more than the cycle of labor and sleep in our days. For the rare and impossible lurk under the rocks, and love itself can be a fire between two hearts.
The part at the end with the earth in 7 billion years scorched followed by the clapping was quite comical.
It has become quite fashionable with thoughts like "nature/cosmos would be much better off without intelligent life", the universe not being aware of itself in the form of conciousness = an ultimate meaninglessness.
Talents, young artists, music charts
I have thought the same thing, if nothing is conscience of it, just a lot of stuff happening autonomously by the laws of physics till the end of time, a truly bizarre notion.
This is what happens when an experienced speaker gives a quality lecture
We just need to find a way to eat entropy then life can go on forever.
The point is not that entropy increases but it might reach a maximum which would be deadly.
An ever-expanding universe might permit entropy to increase forever without reaching a maximum.
Entropy is not a thing. It is a relationship between things, one of maximum disorganization.
"Eating entropy" would be like "eating distance."
Entropy is a law of state /a law of existence I meant /is a law of the things how need to befave/ in wich state they should find at any given time. So basically Entropy is a law of nature(nature being dead or alive) all obeys Entropy - except God. God is the only beeing in the Univers that goes beyond entropy and arow of time (if you understand my point of view) I'm not speaking about "gods" but rather the "God" itself - the Almighty. God the Almighty wich we don't have his exact name transcend time and he can travel through space not being affected by its laws. He is made out of pure consciousness. His energy is far mor subtile than any form of energy known to mankind - for this reason alon, he is not bound by the inertial law (so he doesn't need to obey the law of gravity or to the speed limit in the universe) he can travel at superluminic speed and he can goes trough matter or fields of energy without being afected by it/he literally can be at any given point of the univers at any given time (in the present time) or in all places at once. Is very difficult to explain though... but imagine because he's not bound by the speed limit of light he can literally be in any corner of the universe in any second if he chose to do so.
That's an incomprehensible wisdom and power wich human brain cannot fully understand or grasp. God the Almighty is a Hiper-consciousness that's play with the laws on this universe and bend them alike as he pleases.
I think I said enough for anyone to grasp a tiny bit of his imense power and wisdom. Have peace.
@@alexandrudanciu7874 How do you know?
Wonderful talk. Thanks Geraint Lewis and thanks TRI
Humans: Yay have trillions of years to evolve into something awesome. Nothing can stop us now!
Conronavirus: Hold my crown.
Remember you're more likely to die from the influenza. Don't look at the rubber stamped numbers. Don't look at the headlines. I agree with your sentiments however coming from communicable disease epidemiology standpoint.
KEVIN Avillain lol at you’re more likely to die from flu. The fact is, prior to the pandemic, people didn’t have any type of immunity to the Sars-cov-2 because it’s a novel virus. People, especially in New York, are dying in a higher rate than in flu seasons. It’s funny that we have people walking around claiming something when they have no scientific evidence to back their claims. Kinda like when people claim the earth is flat when they haven’t even gone out to look at the earth from outer space lmfao. Kinda like when people claim 5G towers cause covid-19 when they don’t even know how 5G works and even what a tower looks like lmfao. But hey, we all have our biases.
For all of us, time starts, and ends in the same place, the brain !
For all of us, the value of time is it's moment of use .
Time starts when it's used, and stops when it's not !
Time is a very useful measuring tool .
You could call that personal time. This lecture was about universal time.
@@paulmichaelfreedman8334 Personal or universal time , neither one has any physical connection to the physical universe, if there is a connection put it out there !
Mathematical concepts are just that, and not physics.
Theres two kind of universe, mathematical, and physical, my choice is the physical universe where all motion including orbital is of ENERGY .
Time like Math are tools made by humanity out of necessity to help us better understand our surroundings .
Time started when some smart guy measured earth rotation as twenty four hours as one complete day devided by light and darkness down the middle. Today mathematical TIME is buried in some computer messuring the complete universe without any physical activetys, which is wrongly labeled as physics !
@@rayagoldendropofsun397 I don't agree. Leave it at that.
I feel like my student loans will go on for much longer after the death of the universe
Great comment.
😂!!! ,Aii good joke
Ahhhhh, kids.......I am old enough to remember a time when my father said to me "Son, enjoy your four years at Trinity College." I wanted to help pay for it and he said, "No, your job is to study hard and learn how to think , and if you worked that would be a distraction.....and you are certainly not going to work during summer vacations----you are coming on family vacations to Maine!" His philosophy was you should only have kids if you could pay for their college, not a bad philosophy.
Now I am retired after a long life working hard, unencumbered by debt, having saved my money, and now enjoying my martinis, fishing with dad's fly rod, enjoying my lake house, and nd watching videos like this.
In a few years I will blink out of existence, hopefully before America is burned to the ground and socialism destroys the country,----with few regrets and grateful I grew up in the suburbs in the fifties and not in these poisonously toxic times.
Consciousness is life
Please stop trying to do science. Thank you. 🤦🏽♂️😆😆😆
#3767 I remember commenting on this in 2029 (pre-singularity)
What we now call "pretubement" was discovered in 2039, so you're ten years ahead! Or behind?