Video Codecs & Compression Guide (Feat. Atomos Ninja V)
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- Опубліковано 27 чер 2024
- Overview of video codecs & file formats a hybrid shooter will encounter with a practical emphasis on editing & storage. Incl. ProRes on the Atomos Ninja V.
👍 Thanks for watching! Please like, comment, & subscribe.
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Products Mentioned:
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Atomos Ninja V: geni.us/mMb23
Samsung 860 EVO 1TB SSD: geni.us/sS0U
Black Magic Pocket 4K: bhpho.to/2IUAdJk
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Codec Spec Tables:
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H.264: imgur.com/RmlstTN
ProRes: imgur.com/BVFacDy
DNxHR: imgur.com/7dgDI9T
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Table of Contents:
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0:00 - Intro
0:55 - What Is a Codec?
1:11 - Codec Intent Explained
1:46 - Video File Containers (MP4, MOV, etc.)
2:15 - Naming Conventions: H.264 vs AVC
2:46 - Sony's XAVC & XAVC-S
3:18 - What's the Difference between H.264 & XAVC?
3:34 - The MXF Container (Material Exchange Format)
3:55 - The "Level" of H.264
4:24 - The "Profile" of H.264
4:41 - Brief Explanation of Bit Depth and Chroma Subsampling
5:05 - H.264 for Acquisition, Post-Processing, & Delivery?
6:00 - The Shortcomings of H.264
6:28 - Some Notes on HEVC H.265
6:56 - All-I vs IPB LongGOP on Editing Performance
8:20 - The Limitations of All-Intra
9:17 - Intermediary Codecs: Apple ProRes vs Avid DNxHR
10:30 - The Purpose of Proxies: Should You Convert H.264 to Edit?
11:35 - Using ProRes & DNxHR as Acquisition Codecs
12:02 - Bitrate Comparison (LongGOP vs All-I vs ProRes vs DNxHR)
14:17 - Why the Black Magic Pocket Cinema 4K Is So Special
14:36 - Atomos Ninja V: The Best Solution for Hybrid Shooters
15:40 - SD Cards vs SSD Price/GB (SD Cards Are Too Expensive)
16:30 - Practical Conclusions: Picking the Right Codec
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#codecs #compression #atomos - Наука та технологія
5 years later and the info packed in this video is literally GOLD!
Bro you are literally one of the reasons people don't need college. Keep up the good work.
I didn't get any of this kind of strong technical knowledge in college. And certainly not in 18 minutes.
haha so true
I understand your point, but you should make the clarification.... they don't need college for filmmaking perhaps, but other some formalized instruction is helpful, but not at the tuition prices charged by colleges, and not by marketing gurus trying to make a fast buck. But also college is necessary for other categories where you have reasonable assurance you can find a good job to justify your ROI like engineering, medicine, , etc.
College is good for more intangible skills, such as developing the understanding of how story works, developing your aesthetic education and understanding film culture. You can pick up technical skills pretty fast and it’s in your employers self-interest to teach you that to get you up to speed. However, no employer is going to spend the time teaching you the more intangible education you get from a [good] film school because it’s just impractical to teach that in a commercial setting. E.g. ‘Go away and watch Pudovkin and then structure your thoughts about it in an essay that I will comment on’. For that you need a window of time in college. Otherwise, it’s up to you to structure and go through that education by yourself and in your own time. Which just takes ages, and most people struggle to figure out how to even approach educating themselves in that way. Thing is, once you’ve got the solid, tangible technical skills, it’s those intangible skills in story and aesthetics that set you apart as you move higher up. Pretty much anyone can learn the ropes but only a few can create something that can genuinely be called art. That’s what people really value at a high level. The ability to say ‘I can tell a story better than anyone else’.
Sorry for the rant.
wow, the moment when you realize "this guy is the most competent person on youtube"
Wow! Big compliment there. Thank you so much! 😃🙏
@@geraldundone😊😊😊😊😊😊😊
@@geraldundone Can you place manually in the atomos v at how much bitrate you want to record ? Lets say type in 60k ?
You are seriously making some of the best content for content creators who don't have as much technical know-how.
Agreed
It's insane the amount of information you are offering your viewers for free. Thank you so much for helping us new videographers learn the trade with such detail :)
In a sea clogged with plastic trash your channel is an unspoiled beach on a deserted island. Thank you for such informative, useful, and refreshing content. My DIT LOVED this!
What a lovely metaphor. Thanks for this. 😃👍
Plus lobsters.
Oh God, how could I forget the lobsters! Thanks for making the image complete @@MiaogisTeas
a constant streaming diarrhea of information.......... I love it. Nice job dude.
Thanks, mate. I checked out your BMPCC4K video and thought it was really great. Appreciate the comment and kind words. 😃
@@geraldundone I just have to say that you are the best for technical review. I totally enjoyed.
more like a firehose
And thus, and friendship was born. Also, this was the video I’ve been looking for. Years later.
I bought a Ninja V several months ago because of the extreme knowledge I gained from this video, and have done five complex greenscreen shoots since then. I have NEVER had greenscreen come out as well as I have with my new-to-me Sony Z280 and the 4:2:2 10-bit recording on the Ninja V. THANK YOU for making this all make sense!!
WHAT. Seriously that was amazingly accessible, accurate, entertaining, educational and well made video on what is probably some of the most boring, complicated, technical material there is when filmmaking and cameras are involved. WOW. I look forward to you building full out courses one day!
Ha. Thanks! That's quite the review. Really appreciate it. 😃🙏
this video is quite old, but it still teach me so many useful information today
Ada estech :v
same today
Gerald. Many people are doing this video education videos but you are something special man. Thanks for all that you do.
I hung and got every word. Gold info. How you make an 18 minute plus video seem like 5 minutes is a testament to your great life changing channel. Thank you.
I'm only halfway through and I already had to stop, just to say that I've already learned more in this one video than I did in the last 10 that I watched. Awesome job, glad you were able to explain it so concisely.
I'm basically half a decade late to this but it's the single most helpful resource I've encountered regarding codecs. Shocking that you seem to be the first person to have adequately understood and explained the most important aspects of this topic. Cheers.
Gerald, nice job. Don’t let these anti-detail comments stop the clarity of your videos. I appreciate that you took the time to research and condense the data into a clear explanation. This is pure rigor. I’m happy you have this passion. You obviously subscribe to the why do something if you aren’t going to do it well. There are guys who read the manual cover to cover then grab the device. The others pick it up, learn the minimum and call it good enough. Can you drop the “crazy” part and substitute…thorough, smart, bright, detailed, intense, rigorous. Crazy you are not.
Damn you must have the best codec in your brain to articulate all this info so well! LOVE IT!
really fascinating stuff! love your videos!
Thanks, Jarvis. Appreciate the support! Cheers. 😃👍
ayyyeeee, Jarvis is a camera tech nerd too lol
I can't tell how confused clients or directors are by all of this; I have confused so many people by sending AVCHD, "Can't you just send the 'normal' video files?"
I'm sending this video to everyone, it just answers every question before they ask it.
THANK YOU!
But why would you ever send clients AVCHD. Not nescessary
@@Mrmonkeyman211 They had their own editor.
EVERY UA-camR OUT THERE NEEDS TO WATCH THIS VIDEO! BEST VIDEO I HAVE EVER SEEN. STRAIGHT TO THE POINT, INFORMATIVE, SOLID PACE AND DONE. I can not stand 98% of other channel that have a 2-5 min intro of themselves with multiple side rants of themselves and water down content. BRAVO on this video!
Where have you been all my life?! Dude, thank you for all of this! So well done and all in one place!
I’m floored. Seriously, thanks.
You are next level dude. I haven't come across anyones profile who drops the kind of knowledge like you. Forever followed.
You deserve way more subs! Incredible information!
Liked, Subscribed, and best of all was that you answered all of my questions - literally - all of them. I'll mention you in my academy awards acceptance speech one day. "I'd like to thank the Academy for this wonderful award but I'd like to tell you about the first I got 'undone' as a videographer".
Thanks Gerald.
Ha. I love it. I'll be waiting for that speech.
Thanks! Glad the video was helpful.
Who's still watching this video today? Thank you for making it plain !!!!!! Now it all makes sense !!!
Yup, I ended up picking up a Atomos Ninja V for the same reason as Gerald said in the video. I wanted to record in 400mps but the cost of UHS-II SD cards are still prohibitively expensive and I did not want to deal with a possible failing SD card down the road either. SSD + Atomos Ninja V was the most economical option in the end.
Great video with a lot of useful information! My compliments for the way you explained and compressed this RAW data for us. :)
Thanks a lot. I'm glad to hear it was helpful. Cheers!
Once again.
Best time spent on UA-cam.
Not being interrupted by a commercial every 3 seconds is damn well appreciated !
Great Video !!
I'm going to have to watch that again!. So much info.. Zero BS... And you didn't spend half the time pushing some BS course delivered by some kid straight out of school.
Well done for making this. This kind of content is what the internet was intended for.... Great job.
Voluminous info relating at a fast enough rate to keep you awake! You, my friend are THE BEST! Thank you so much for your excellence!
You should include a free prescription of aspirin with your videos … I need it after that.
Awesome video :)
hahaha
Take 81 mg. I'm a pharmacist. If you feel chest pain, take a chewable one.
Da PIRIN tablets!
Agreed. Slow down. Good information, but I need up leaving or slowing your videos down to .75
Dude... you killed this. Very Impressed at how you broke it all down, didn’t get in the weeds and made sense of a nonsensical subject matter , thank you
Just super informative. No BS. Clear, thorough... your vids are superlative.
Thank you so much! That means a lot.
@@geraldundone Yeah, man. So well done. I mean, I go to film school for my education, but I watch your vids for my "schoolin'" ;c)
Love your channel. I've been dealing with codecs for 20 years and still learned a bunch of new stuff from this video. Keep up the great work.
Mate! You have explained this huge subject better than many book, simple and to the point! Taking this so that my students watch it (today’s students are veeeeery slow)!
Again; you are an outstanding educator!!!
Excellent
Thanks, Julio. That's a big compliment. Much appreciated, my friend. Cheers! 😃👍
Gerald Undone cheers!
This was the most succinct and informative UA-cam video I've ever encountered. Bravo!
It’s been 2.5 years of camera research and now I can understand everything Gerald said 🙌😂
After watching this, I have finally realized how age has negatively impacted my cognitive abilities, cause I think I just short-circuited. I gleaned some good info that I was totally unfamiliar with, but there was a giant whooshing sound as much of it blasted right over my head. That's just me though. You are one of the best on UA-cam for explaining camera tech for sure.
You're probably being too hard on yourself, Randy, but I appreciate the compliment. 😃
I hear you, my friend. I'm 61 and "brain-damaged" (at least it feels like it) from many years of high-stress project management. I usually have to turn the play speed down to 75% for most of it Gerald's videos (and watch more than once), but well worth the time. I'm glad he plays a few of his bloopers at the end - was starting to think he was a cyborg or something. But again, it's worth whatever effort it takes to understand it because this is necessary information and Gerald packages and dispenses it better than anyone else I have found.
My thoughts exactly! I couldn’t even come up with the words and then I read your comments and was like BAM! That’s what I think! Lol
@@mediamannaman Have you tried nootropic smart drugs? I just wached an impact theory video ua-cam.com/video/zn-zSs312ro/v-deo.html
This dude tells about what to take and eat to improve brain function. I've been trying some different things from Amazon. It's not going to make you a genius but it definitely helps. Good luck sir
Yep, I am 60 and have to really pay attention when Gerald is rocking along. I really appreciate and respect his work. Thank you, Gerald!
This video is an absolute gem. I have been trying to create a color accurate workflow starting with how things are shot, but was completely lost with all these codecs and profiles. This video just gave me the perfect foundation to understanding all that's there to learn. Bloody brilliant you are Gerald. Thanks a ton.
Glad I found you. For more reason than I care to type. Just picked up a Atomos Ninja V for my Nikon Z6, D850 & D5. You made my day on cost per GB compared to Sd/XQD 64 Cards iv’e been using internally. Very encouraging being I have a few 1TB 860 Evo’s laying around I can finally use.
This is unbelievably useful! Even years later for a newbie like me!!
Your channel is great, full of useful contents for me. Thank you.
Some of the best, practical information on UA-cam. I love that it's highly concentrated because I can just pause, take notes, and search terms for more clarification. Takes me 2x as long to get through a video, but I find I've learned as much as I would have with hours of googling alone!
That's really great to hear. I love that people are learning and getting use out of my videos. Thanks for saying so. Cheers! 😃👍
Oh my god, the joy I felt when you explained exactly what I've been trying to find explanation of @ 9:26. As a layperson just starting to try and make sense of this stuff it's really dizzying and this video helped me so much. Thank you, man.
It's a joy to watch your video and hear you talk, like a supercomputer, I'm not even sure how one can spill out so many pieces of knowledge per second.
My brain hurts, but this was so useful. Thanks for the info Gerald. Cheers, Adrian
I know right....
Getting ready to build my first computer in years since I was a kid and I’m referring back to this cuz I was thinking about getting the atomos ninja v for my fujifilm xt3, the information that you give out is always perfect
Super Duper video as always! There aren't many people out there diving in and explaining all those technical details and none of them do it as well as you do!
A great follow up on this video would be to talk about the encoding part of the Codec and the misconception about data rate vs image quality. Higher Mbits/s does not necessarily mean higher image quality. Camera manufacturers always communicate on data rate which is a bit misleading and no one talks about image quality.
It all depends on the internal implementation of the video encoder that is in the camera. I used to work for a semiconductor company doing h.264 and HEVC video encoder ASICs and I can tell you that companies often cut corners on supported encoding features as the hardware complexity to support those feature is exponential (for some of them) and trade-offs have to be made. Hence, you can have 2 different encoders with the same output data rate (XX Mbits/s) but different image quality, only because one encoder works harder than the other when compressing/encoding the original data.
BTW, this is not true for decoders: they must support all features of the video standard (h.264/HEVC/etc) to be certified.
Thanks for the kind words and for the suggestion. Great idea! I'll definitely add it to the list. Cheers!
DUDE!! Not only are you super knowledgeable about this stuff, you also explain it so concisely and clearly. Incredible! I learned so much!
Thank you very much for great overview. A lot of help to search further details on this topics. No stupid blabla. We get 19 minutes of condensed information. Really great!!
BOOM! I've been waiting for this. Also, I liked the more traditional, "What is HAPening".
Ha! Thanks, Bryan. I had a couple people request that I go back to that "What is happening". Glad you approve! 😃👍
Gerald Undone each subsequent video, HAPening should be higher pitch
Man all the years I been filmmaking I thought I knew what these codecs did but after today I knew nothing. But it did confirm that I knew the various ones where better that others a river of knowledge just came through my screen thank you so much and I hope to meet you one day at a workshop or somebody’s set or something. 🙏🏽🔥🎥
Thank you I have wanted a good communicator as you are to explain this to me for a long time. You are one of the very best communicators on UA-cam
great videos, very informative and well presented (and produced!). looking forward to the next undone!
dude seriously.. you are one the most valuable channels on youtube for us filmmakers!!! thanks so much for taking the time to create such quality content!!
Thanks, Lee! That's a big compliment. Very much appreciated, mate. Cheers! 😃👍
Wow ! I'm familiarizing myself with the technical element and terminology of my DSLR (dinosaur) Nikon D7100 amonst others. An academic told me that when one gives a presentation you have to own the subject - you certainly own this Gerald so thank you ! Now back to my point and shoot camera and trying to work out what "point" and "shoot" mean ? Lockdown is doing strange things to people but on the plus side it has gifted us the ability to access people such as yourself willing to and share with us impart hard earned knowledge . What a valuable resource this is. Well done.
Where have you been all my UA-cam LIfe...? you are a wealth of valuable, technical information, presented with absolute clarity and precision that doesn't bore me to sleep...you are my UA-cam hero of the month...maybe the year...!
Whoa! Thanks, Anthony! That's a big compliment and I really appreciate it.
Brilliant.. this video is high compression with no loss of quality. Thank you!
Man, you bring it every vid.
This might be one of the best videos on this topic on youtube. Love the constant streaming of information, haha. Great job, and THANK YOU!
Seriously, you explain complex things, yet I fully understand everything at the end!! Incredible video
Thank you for all your hard work, man!
Amazingly useful as always! My current Workflow: Sony A7R3 (waiting for the S3) -> Atomos Ninja Inferno -> Resolve for CC -> ProRes 422 --> Premiere Pro --> ProRes422 --> Media Encoder --> H264/265 --> UA-cam :)
Thank you! 🤓🙏
Why not just edit in Resolve and save the extra trip? 😜
What does CC mean in "Resolve for CC?" Thanks
@@WheresNaldo Color correction, and yes @Gerald Undone is right, @ellebangs why not just edit in Resolve. You're already there. BTW, what's your acquisition codec with Sony A7R3 and Ninja Inferno?
This is what I expected to see on the other 50 videos I had watched today.... You are hitting the nail on the head! Bravo. You will be a huge success.
Gerald, the amount of value you deliver with your videos is mind blowing! I’m looking forward to this channel grow very, very BIG. Thank you!
Thanks so much! That's very kind and encouraging. Appreciate it!
Thank you Gerald, that was amazing! Goodness only knows how many words were in that but your knowledge is fantastic. Lots to think about but the Ninja v is looking good. Thanks, cheers!
Haha. Thanks, Eric. It was close to 5000 words, but don't tell anyone. 😜
Dude, you are awesome! A ton of good info 👍 Thank you!
Bro, I've been wondering about the whole v30, 60, 90 etc, and you just answered this question better than any other video I've seen on this topic. Thanks and keep up the great work!
back in my day we had to learn this stuff literally by word of mouth lol. This video would've saved me literally dozens of hours of my life if I had it 10 years ago.
Such an amazing video! It's so clear and it flows so well! Thank you so much for making this video! 🙏😍 My dream scenario would be to not work with proxies and be able to work with raw files. And also be able to record the footage straight onto a fixed computer.
Absolute quality work my guy! Really loved how you presented all this information. Great audio, clean titles, clear explanations, and no bs music! I'm so glad this popped up on my recommendations because I was planning on making my post-production more manageable in premiere by using prores video previews + proxies. I was using H.264 throughout my whole workflow and I'm suffering tremendously because of how much it taxes my computer when I edit and export. Doing multiple projects with multiple deliveries with 2~4 re-edits each is an absolute nightmare. Would love to see which codecs you would use for different client work from production -> post-production. Thank you for this information, looking forward to more content from you!
Thanks for this, Steve. Really appreciate your kind words and encouragement. Cheers, mate! 😃👍
This was a one stop shop for everything about codecs and containers. Really cleared many doubts of mine.
This guy is making everybody pro like him by watching his videos... thanks
You're too kind! Thank you.
This is "The Best video" of all regarding codecs in UA-cam! Gearld undone greatest clarifier!🙏🙏🙏
Your name is apt!
Great Video! As someone who wants to be a hybrid shooter, I really needed this info.
Awesome! Thanks, Peter. That's what I want to hear. 😃👍
@@geraldundone I work in computer science and am only a photography lover, my field doesn't relate much to the knowledge but the background makes it easier to understand what you went over in the video. It's pretty hard to find a comprehensive guide on these topics and I think you've done a really great job.
Looking for at least 100K on this channel. I would be personally proud that a really good information is still in demand.
Paul, I agree. Should be more subscribers here. Definitely a great source of information, quite apart from the reviews. This guy know his stuff!
Brilliant analysis Gerald. A breathtaking delivery.
So much great information... thank you...
I believe the workflow you choose must be suited to your particular workstation. I'm currently using Cineform, and the primary reason behind it, is that it's GPU accelerated. I tried DNx, but with multiple streams it would bog down my CPU, and MOV container is limited to 4GB RAM usage, so MXF is a must. I'm running a Ryzen 7 1700x and 16GB RAM, so with Cineform i can put most of the load on my GTX 1060 freeing up resources to other resource consuming tasks like stabilizing. Since it supports 4K 10bit it's more than enough for my needs, when transcoding or creating a master render for an EDL when going from PPro to Resolve.
Having a workflow where you have fast enough disks and you aren't reading and writing of a same disk at the same time is just as important as what codec you choose.
Great video, lots of info and very well explained.
With a master render and an EDL you can practically do whatever you want. With a XML things get tricky, since every NLE interprets them differently, and Resolve can be cumbersome in that regard
It's a very rare person that can understand what the viewer needs and teach it very concisely. That, and I only had to rewind 6 or so times to catch up this time. I've found that wearing some good grippy tennis shoes helps me keep up. Glad I found your channel.
Haha. You made me chuckle with the shoes.
Thanks for the kind words! 😃🙏
literally the best! idk where'd I be without you Gerald!!!
Standard feature film work flow is ArriRaw - > DNX36 or 115 MXF files for Avid editing (graded w/ LUT and CDL info which we preserve in an ALE in our bins for later) which are later online back to the ArriRaw for grading and output to DCP from that RAW with a high fidelity DNX codec often rendered out as well.
When we screen films we will go straight from Avid to DCP w/ whatever offline codec we're working at and we project that, obv 115 is the better format for that because the bitrate is far higher. VFX is given pulls from the RAW acquisition which is rendered out to DPX or EXR files for work. And they send back EXR for the final but we get whatever DNX flavor we're working with in the cutting room sent back to us with the LUT and CDL information applied to this so it matches the offline.
Awesome! Thanks for sharing all that. Do you ever run into issues with other people working on that project and that workflow or are they all setup to handle it already?
You've undone my mind 😎👌
2021 - STILL rocking w the Ninja V - that thing is ridiculously useful. Definitely a huge bang for buck. Even today, three years later.
Mountain of knowledge transfered from you to me regarding the topic (CODEC i have zero knowledge before ur video) in only 18 minutes.
Hatss Of To You Sir....
Love uuuuuuu
Good informative video.
"320GB per hour is impractical"
> Linus Tech Tips has entered the chat
Lol..
2020 has entered the chat.
just make a new server with 120PB and you’ll be fine!! 😝
You take ”knowing your shit” to a new level. Now I only need to see it 20 more times...
Deym! I had a very painful headache listening straight and no pause. Super information, I love it. Thanks for sharing.
Genius.. although most went way over my head.
Amazing content. Thank you so much for all your hard work on these videos.
To summarize for the Sony A7III, the two main advantages of purchasing the Atomos Ninja V are being able to get 8-bit 4.2.2, and a higher quality codex, such as DNxHR for PC into Premiere Pro, which is less compressed and easier to edit? Am I even close?
Bonus: you definitely earned a subscriber!
Thanks for the kind words and for subscribing. Very much appreciated.
And yeah, you pretty much nailed it. There's also tools on the Ninja you can use for exposure: wave forms, false colour, etc.
4 years later... Still useful. Thnx bro!
This is by and large the best video explaining codex on UA-cam. I applaud you good sir. Thank you.
Great video buddy! A+
Had to sub to the channel his explanation was awesome
added in favorites
Epic video as always. You’ve managed to make all of this so easy to understand - thanks Gerald! Keep them coming! This channel is going to be huge!
I’ve seen some smart people in my life and consider myself one of them. I don’t think that I’ve encountered someone as smart as you seem to be. I’ve watched a couple of your videos and was so impressed with you that I asked my wife to watch one of your vids ten minutes. She was shocked as well. Keep it up.
Yep that ninja seems super useful and I wish it were in my budget. I don’t it makes sense to get one until I replace my G85 though.
Speaking of codecs and proxies. I hear Davinci Resolves paid version has a great h.264 decoder which eliminates the need for proxies.
Indeed! And yeah, I have found that some NLEs definitely have more & less of a need for proxies. I've heard similar things about Resolve, but don't use it much myself. 😃
I shoot with a GH5 and a Atomos Ninja Inferno 25 FPS, 4K 10 BIT 4.2.2 Pro Res, (I use my Mac Pro and FCPX mainly for editing) but I am just getting into Davinci Resolve Studio (the paid version) and it will run 4K 10 Bit, H.264. straight out of the GH5 onto a 4K timeline, plays back and edits perfectly.
@@johnbancroft5242 wow. Thanks gor sharing that. I been using resolve for & adobe for about a year now. I like resolves 15 interface better than adobes. But the free versions wont run adobe on my laptop even with proxies. But premiere pro timeline is virtually lag free even with 30+ clips. I been wanting to pay for resolves 15 dongle for a while now. But Couldn't get a definitive answer as to whether or not the paid version was much faster than the free 💪✌
You are genius sir thank you
Best Guide ever on Video knowledge! The below comments saying "You are BEST content " and "Reason why people don't need college"... I AGREE 100%
Gerald..... Awesome!!! I learned a lot in just a few minutes.
Thanks so much!