Mulla Sadra & Islamic Existentialism
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- Опубліковано 28 тра 2024
- This has been one of the most requested videos on the channel since its inception, so it is finally time to talk about Mulla Sadra.
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Music by Filip Holm
Sources/Recommended Reading:
Adamson, Peter (ed.) (2005). “The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy”. Cambridge University Press.
Chittick, William (1998). "The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-'Arabi's Cosmology". State University of New York Press.
Kalin, Ibrahim (2005). “Knowledge in later Islamic Philosophy: Mulla Sadra on Existence, Intellect and Intuition”. Oxford University Press.
Meisami, Sayeh (2013). “Mulla Sadra”. Makers of the Muslim World Series. OneWorld Academic.
Sadr al-din al-Shirazi (2014). “Metaphysical Penetrations: A Parallel English-Arabic text”. Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Edited by Ibrahim Kalin. Islamic Translation Series. University of Chicago Press.
Sadr al-din al-Shirazi (Mulla Sadra) (2003). “The Elixir of the Gnostics: A Parallel English-Arabic text”. Translated by William Chittick. Islamic Translation Series. University of Chicago Press.
Sadr al-din al-Shirazi (Mulla Sadra) (1981). “The Wisdom of the Throne: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra”. Translated by James W. Morris. Princeton University Press.
Rizvi, Sajjad H. (2009). “Mulla Sadra and Metaphysics: Modulation of Being”. Routledge.
Rustom, Mohammed (2013). “The Triumph of Mercy: Philosophy and Scripture in Mulla Sadra”. State University of New York Press.
Chapters:
0:00 Intro
2:15 The Life of Mulla Sadra
6:22 The Transcendent Wisdom & Writings
9:13 Influnces
10:44 The Primacy & Oneness of Being (Wujud)
15:47 The Gradation of Being
19:57 Unity vs. Diversity
21:38 Philosophy or Mysticism?
23:12 Mulla Sadra & Sufism/Irfan
25:05 The Unity of the knower and the known
26:28 Substantial motion
29:15 Eternity of the world & Resurrection
34:34 Conclusions
#Philosophy #Islam #Mysicism
May Allah rest him in peace. The great man who makes us possible to know God because this era of the intellectual insurgency, it's hard to remain in mind. Peace be upon Prophet Muhammad & His Progeny .
Your channel has inspired me to further explore metaphysics and my own spirituality. As a former atheist (primarily due to ignorance), my quality of life has only changed for the better.
Same, brother.
Lol? Can't you be an atheist and be fascinated by theological development?
@@pipersolanas3322 I never said you couldn't. I was saying that I was atheist due to not knowing much about religions. It was just a personal breakthrough in my life to become spiritual. I have nothing but respect for atheists but it just simply wasn't for me.
@@ZenGardenOzone 🐟 04. SCIENCE Vs RELIGION (PHYSICS Vs METAPHYSICS):
The English word “SCIENCE” originates from the Latin noun “scientia”, meaning “knowledge”, via the stem “scire”, meaning “to know”.
The English word “RELIGION” originates from the Latin verb “religare”, meaning “to join or unite”. It is the equivalent of the Sanskrit noun “yoga”, meaning “union (of the individual self with the Supreme Self)”. Therefore, “yoga” and “religion” are used synonymously in this chapter.
The PHYSICAL sciences are an empirical approach to knowledge. They rely on experimentation, based on observation of the natural world. Observation is dependent on the senses, the senses are dependent on mind, and the mind is, in turn, observable by the intellectual faculty.
The mind and intellect are phenomena arising in the perceived sense of self, or pseudo-ego (even if one considers that the mind and the intellect are functions of the brain), and therefore, all empirical evidence is gathered and recorded in consciousness. Similarly, the SOCIAL sciences explore facets of human society such as economics, anthropology, politics, and psychology, in accordance with scientific principles.
See Chapter 06 for a complete description of consciousness/Consciousness, and to understand the hierarchy of episteme mentioned above.
It is patently impossible to establish the existence of anything outside of consciousness. How will one observe particles and their mechanics without the existence of consciousness? Clearly, consciousness is axiomatic for any statement of knowledge. The only fact one can know for sure is the certainty of existence, that is, the impersonal sense of an unqualified “I am” that precedes any cognitive process whatsoever. For example, if someone was to ask you "Do you exist?", you could never, in all honesty, respond in the negative, for that would be absurd!
All that can be said or known about the world, is a phenomenal appearance in consciousness. Anything else is speculation that can NEVER be definitively proven or demonstrated. However, this apparent subject-object duality is illusory, since Ultimate Reality is essentially monistic.
So, for example, when a person looks at a tree, he or she is not seeing the tree in any isomorphic sense, but interpreting an inverse image projected onto the retina of the eyes. Therefore, there is no real evidence (or at least, no conclusive proof) for the external world, APART from consciousness. Likewise, there are no sounds in the external world but solely within the mind, since vibrations do not produce an audible sound until they strike one’s eardrums, and the signal is conveyed to the brain. If the corresponding parts of the brain were to be artificially stimulated in the same manner, the experience of sight/sound would seem identical. That explains the Zen koan: “If a tree falls in a forest, and there is nobody present, does the falling tree produce a sound?” Refer, also, to the thought experiment known as “Schrödinger’s cat”.
Apart from the fact that we are unable to DIRECTLY perceive external phenomena, our sensory and cognitive faculties are far from perfect. Even if every human on earth experienced sounds and images in precisely the same manner, that does not prove that those perceptions accurately represent the world as it is, since other animals perceive the world quite differently than do humans. Some cognitive psychologists have demonstrated that all animals, including humans, have evolved not to perceive the external world completely objectively, but rather, have evolved to see the world in a way that promotes survival of their species. This is one explanation for the widespread belief in a Personal Creator God, since religious organizations (ideally) promote social cohesion (at least those that are not ultra-fundamentalist in nature). So, if most all the individuals in any particular nation follow the same religious tradition, the chances are that such a society will endure indefinitely.
As alluded to above, it is imperative to mention that there are TWO main definitions of, or forms of, consciousness: the discrete consciousness associated with the brain of many species of animals (see Chapter 05), and Universal Consciousness (explained in Chapter 06). Perhaps a good analogy for the interplay between Universal Consciousness and the discrete consciousness found within the mammalian brain is that of a radio receiver (being the tangible hardware, akin to the physical brain) and radio waves (being intangible, akin to consciousness/Consciousness). So long as the radio receiver is in good working-order, it tunes-into the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. However, if the radio set breaks down, the radio waves themselves continue to modulate in space. So too, when the human brain dies, Universal Consciousness (“Brahman”, in Sanskrit) continues indefinitely. Note, however, that this analogy is imperfect, since in reality, both the brain and the radio waves are contained within Infinite Awareness (“Brahman”). This confusion of terminology is due to the fact that the English language does not include a single word for the concept of Universal Consciousness (except “[The] Monad”) due to monism being a relatively esoteric concept in the West.
As Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa so rightly states in “Bhagavad-gītā”, the King of All Knowledge (“rāja vidyā”, in Sanskrit) is the Science of the Self. At the time of writing, cognitive and physical scientists are beginning to explore the “hard problem” of consciousness. Assuming the Homo sapiens species will survive for at least a few more centuries, there will come a time when the majority of professional scientists will acknowledge the primacy of CONSCIOUSNESS. Indeed, if humanity is to continue indefinitely, it is necessary for not only this concept to be imprinted on the human race, but for it to be acted upon; that is to say, we humans must imbibe the principal tenets presented in teachings such as this Holy Scripture, “A Final Instruction Sheet for Humanity”, and actively follow them to a very large extent. The alternative is the extinction of not only humanity, but of most (if not all) biological life forms on Earth, due to environmental degradation, and immorality as a consequence of nihilism.
So, just as the PHYSICAL scientific method is based on hypothesis, observation, and repeatable experimentation, so too is METAPHYSICAL science. The hypothesis for supernatural science is as follows: that there is an eternal ground of all being, and that “it” is conscious, of a steady state (i.e. imperturbable peace), and that everything tangible and intangible is inherently of its nature. In the case of mysticism, the repeatable experiment is known as “religion” (“yoga”, in Sanskrit). Read Chapter 16 for a description of the four systems of religion/yoga.
May God bless you gentleman, the deeper you go deeper you find the bottom less Spritual knowledge. With love ❤️ from india.
Early life and education
Teaching his ideas
6:22 Prominent works
8:14 Philosophical ideas
•Wujud over Mahiyya
•Gradation of Wujud
19:57 Mulla Sadra's distinction between Creator & Created
21:40 Difference between Mulla Sadra & Ibn Arabi
23:09 Relationship with Sufism
26:29 Substantial Motion
29:16 Eternity of the universe
thanks bro
Thank u so much
I learn so much more about my own faith through your channel. Thank you!
Why? Don’t you read? 🙄 you need a westerner to enlighten you🤣
@@theurbancrystalhealer6952 go play with crystals
@@theurbancrystalhealer6952 The west destroyed out tradition via colonization, imperialism, secularism, modernity and then took our books/treasures and placed in universities and museums
@@theurbancrystalhealer6952 why not its called objective
@@dindenwaliyyu2127, kindly repeat that in ENGLISH, Miss.☝️
Incidentally, Slave, are you VEGAN? 🌱
A video on Hussein Ibn Ali please? He is a personality who is often not spoken about but his contribution to Islam is quite significant.
I really liked the content. As a student born in Isfahan, I had the opportunity to learn these concepts from the students of the students of the … students of Sadra. Everything was so good that I can barely add anything to the content. Thanks.
Bro, I'm a 18yr Arabian man, I had studied Islamic philosophy, logic, kalam ( كلام ) and hikma ( حكميات ) all by myself since I was 13.
I had literally spend over 200 hours of audio lessons and Lectures with several sheikhs about mulla sadra and his philosophy, and I'm soooooooooooooo impressed of your ability to understand mulla sadra philosophy and giving it such great explanation, great job man. The only thing that bothered me, is the misunderstanding of some of both mulla sadra and ibin arbi philosophy, specifically the one about unity. Although it's might be because of translation? IDK.
"Sorry about the grammar mistakes 😅"
Literally Us Brother, i am from Pakistan, My name is Ilyas too
Bro wahdat ul wajood is A heretical concept
@@uknowguy3531 i am also from pakistan. is it possible of you can provide me a roadmap ? I also want to study..
@@adanali8725 you can start with right away from this UA-cam channel, also there is a Guy named Ilyas Mustafa who posts stuff on Islamic Philosophy, he has UA-cam channel named Brthern of Purity
@@muslimumar2078 If you're hell bent on being a Takfiri who labels anyone with a different view as yours a heretic what are you even doing here?
Iranian islamic scholars ( and to certain extent all thinkers ) have alwys been heavily influenced by the Aristotelian logical system therefore Iranian ( Persian) thinkers even their mystics have tended to create organised systematic theories .
“There are many other aspects of Mulla Sadra’s philosophy and theology that could be explored, but we would be here all day.”
I’m ok with that
This is an incredible video... the way you convey such complex concepts in a non native language no less, so effortlessly, so facile.. brilliant work! I'm Persian and versed in the topic and can attest you're doing and excellent work of understanding and conveying it, not only are you very well versed but you're a beautiful teacher.. thank you for the work you're doing and what you're putting out in the world! Also how is your Arabic pronunciation so good!!!
@Usman Sidiq this is horrific and devastating, it'sgut wrenching....... also, I had no idea, is there any media coverage? Is there any way to help?
God bless you filip for this (potentially) amazing video of my favorite scholar of all time
A new window opened with this sweeping survey of Islamic philosophy. I’m already steeped in the Vedic philosophy and now pleasantly surprised to discover how common and unified is human thought. Those who see only differences should encourage the music of debate harmonised by tolerance rather than stifling creative discourse in pursuit of conformity.
We really are one evolution just with varying environments.
He is very much loved in Iran 🇮🇷. Thank you for making this video great work!!
My beloved Muslim world ❤… may God always protect it, sustain it, enrich it and bless it with intellectual giants like these …
Love from a Muslim Indian :)
Love and solidarity with our Muslim brothers in India from the Arab world
stop muslim world from persecution of sufis
@@Sheragust No need of solidarity we're living better life than you Muslims in Arabia and middleast we're better as Muslims including intellectually compared to Arabic ones
intellectual and islam are oxymorons, only brainless accept islam which itself is a copy from judaism....entire islamic philosophy is either greek, indian or persian copy or influence, even barzakh and malak in quran are directly copied from zoroastrianism...barzakh is not even arabic word
@@skepticalorganism hindu gandu, chup baith
Flip plz also cover on Indian Muslim philosophers like Shah Waliullah , Abdul qadir bedil, 'Allama Iqbal etc
Fantastic work. Mulla Sadra’s cosmology on the afterlife reminds me a lot of Dante’s, and I mean that as a very high compliment. Your channel is such a great, accessible introduction to so many great minds and souls.
It will be great favour if you explain a little
@@alijibran2973 Dante's Divine Comedy is a great work, with Mulla Sadra reminding me very much of Paradiso. The heavens are a series of spheres reflecting onto which each soul is reflected, according to their ability to reflect the Light of God. I would recommend the Ancient World Podcast for a great set of close readings.
A warning: If you are a Muslim reading the Comedy, you may want to skip Inferno Canto XXVIII. Dante was a devout Catholic who describes the Prophet in a very... unkind way, to put it lightly. Some illustrated versions also contain depictions of the Prophet in this Canto that many would find blasphemous. But I find Dante's insights in Purgatorio and Paradiso to be well worth exploring for anyone.
@@mythosandlogos it’s kinda strange that Dante didn’t seem to have much knowledge on Muhammad or Islam like many Christian’s of his age, yet had enough knowledge of the Sunni Shi’a split that he placed Ali in the circle of hell with schismatics, at least that’s what I’ve heard, I haven’t actually read the comedy. Ali ibn Abu Talib I mean
@@Bundpataka A very great catch, and definitely interesting.
Dante's work was actually influenced by Ghazali, a 11th century Muslim scholar
I’ve been excited for this video for nearly a year 😢 Thank you for your efforts Fiilip ! God bless !
After having watched your video I became interested in doing a deeper dive and I just have to say; you are certainly my favorite lecturer, perhaps because you have the benefit of being able to edit, but I think you've done a marvelous job summarizing key points in such a short time.
Incredible video, high quality content. Your work is precious!
Thank you for uploading our request.
I’m so grateful for “the mode of being” of this channel and the presenter!
This is a phenomenal channel. I hope you are able to share this knowledge for a long time to come.
Hey Filip, thanks for the instructive video, I have occasionally been reading about Sadra's work over the past three years. I used to surf youtube for videos about Sadra's work and there was no interesting video. Recently I searched again and came across this video. The materials are explained clearly and lead us to more questions worth following. I can't wait to see the other videos you suggested about Avicenna, Ibn Arabi, and Suhrawardi to delve into the matter more.
Visited this lovely channel after many months and found as glittering and spreading wisdom of scents as ever 💖
Thanks for gathering and sharing this inspirational knowledge
what an amazing video !!! one of my most anticipated and it delivered ! feel like you could make multiple videos on Mulla Sadra. Great stuff !
this is one of the most interesting channels on YT, I've been subscribed for a long time and i can't get enough from your knowledge
Thank you for introducing our Iranian scholars
Persian!
#mahsaamini
Muslim*
@@manisalek9994 there's no hikmat in Zoroasterianism, it was a dualist cult devoid of any wisdom.
@@manisalek9994 whoever wrote it added to the Quranic text. Which is foolish because the Quranic scripture is preserved and any corruption would be easy to spot; unlike other scriptures.
Thank you Filip, very informative and comprehensive. If I wanted to study Mulla Sadra it would take years, and I'm Iranian... your video is worth more than most classes here...
If I could donate I would have done it, but we're sanctioned...
Your introduction is enough to draw the attention of the listeners. I am very new to your channel but I found all of your contents really magnificent.
Long overdue. Looking forward to it.
The content, choice of stock footage and editing are all top notch.
Thanks! Your presentation is highly educative
That was a great video. Thanks for the inspiration.
That was one of the best presentations I've heard. Filled with beautifull ideas that really are food for deep thought. Thank you for blessing us with these people's devoted work. Thank you, too, for your deep appreciation and expertise analysis.
Wow! I knew about Ibn Sinna, but had little knowledge of Islamic philosophy after him. I am really impressed with Mulla Sadra’s thought as you expounded it. I’m wondering what works in English you would recommend for starters to explore further. I appreciate the respect you show for this tradition through clearly careful pronunciation of Arabic and perhaps some Persian names, words, and phrases. This shows deep understanding. Thanks too, for the brief coverage of contemporary Iranian and other thinkers in this tradition.
Seyyid Hossein Nasr has written extensively on Mulla Sadra’s thought. Although, others have written on Sadra too. I’d take Nasr’s work as more authoritative since he studied directly from/with Tabatabai for years. Tabatabai was, of course, a giant, and also an adherent of Sadrian thought, as far as I know.
@@EXRampageThanks for introducing the resources for further study
@@naziirani2773 no problem at all. I’m glad I was able to be of help. May God guide us all
Your detailing is beyond words.
Thank you 🙏
Great video, summarising such information must be difficult. Will you make a video on Allamah Tabatabai in the future (a 20th century Islamic philosopher from the school of Mulla Sadra's philosophy)?
Isn’t there an earlier renowned Tabatabai from the 17th or 16th century? I was under the impression a Tabatabai was one of the foundational theologians and jurists for the Safavid dynasty.
@@DragnGo A Tabatabai here. Yes, there have been many many Tabatabai's since the time of Hasan ibn Ali, the grandson of the Prophet (PBUH) until recently. The family is basically descendants of the grandchild of Hassan and Hossein ibn Ali. There are some figures that are perhaps much more influential than others, one being Seyed Kazem Tabatabai the author of Urwa al-Wuthqa in 19th century and Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai (often called Allameh Tabatabai) who was perhaps one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th century (in addition to his amazing works of Quran commentary, Irfan, etc). There are also several doctors, surgeons, and scientists in modern sciences from the family. Just google "dr tabatabai".
I've never heard of him, glad to have finally. Thanks, good work once again 👍
Very interesting as usual.
Keep it on Filip!
Hey filip, God Bless You, thank you for making this work on mulla sadra. Please if you had some time, create a new work on the four journeys. Thank you again for all of your videos.
Fascinating overview. Thanks
Finally it's here! Thank you Filip for your pretty good work. I believe that Mola Sadra is one of the thinkers that needs more recognition, and I'm very happy that you made this video.
I agree!
@@LetsTalkReligionPhilip my brother, I really appreciate your work. Would you say that creation essentially shares with Allah: Existence and other attributes in a contingent way. Although creation shares with Allah existence, Allah is completely unique in other attributes related to Allah’s essence are solely exclusive to Allah such as perfection/infinity/self-sufficiency/being uncaused etc). Human being can never experience what it means to be indivisible/perfect/indivisible. However, even the attributes of essence do not exist as multiplicity ontologically but rather as identical& indivisible like pure white light. However, it’s hard for me to imagine how all of Allah’s attributes become identical with respect to each other, but they only differentiate when creation takes place with mixture of non-existence+existence.but how do I imagine infinite wujood with identical undifferentiated attributes that delimits creation?
Sending love and respect to you from Iran. Good job introducing Mulla Sadra.
MashAllah your content is only getting better and better, there is no compromise in quality except that it gets better.
You my friend are a Gem . Thank you very much for your efforts to research and present such topics
Great job👍, thanks a lot🙏🙏🙏
Very good. Your whole channel is impressive. Making my unknown known. Thanks.
Thank you for illuminating the world with knowledge otherwise difficult to attain.
As history student, historical background and influences are brilliant in your analysis!!!👍
this is my favorite of your videos in this series. what a brilliant thinker.
Another great one:) going through aaaaall your videos, you have no idea how I much enjoy
Thank you for a wholesome talk as always, well explained
Excellent presentation, very informative.
man i wish u have a podcast, i always find it interesting in every topic u bring in this channel
I do have a podcast :)
@@LetsTalkReligion really? which platform? I love to hear ur podcast
So Beautifully Said.. Simple and Deep enough Thanks aloootttt 🌹
Fantastic video as always
I love this gentleman Mr. Flip, because For a Sufi, worship means knowledge. Through knowledge sufi attains sight, I taped a lot from Mr. flip May Allah bless him with long life with good health.A sufi student from india .
Salam Filip Mansoor Holm,
Also do videos on Ruzbihan Baqli, Najmuddin Kubra and Henry Corbin
Also consider interviewing Peter Adamson on Falsafa/Islamic Philosophy
Awesome video!
Great video, thanks! The difference between Wujud and Mahhya made think of Heiddeger when he talks about being in itself and the being of beings. I wonder if he got these ideas from a source that has its roots in this thinker or it was just a random confluence of concepts.
There is also and article called "Modern Philosophy to Sufism by Henry Bayman" you should read it
@@zakymalik6920 thanks! I will.
@@Luissergiofernandez its specifically deals with heiddeger's philosophy and Sufism .
the way you explain.....thank u for sharing all these I'm a student of philosphy and other videos made by evn students on these topic were very short and they were not able to make me understnd the whole point like u did....
your videos get better and better :)
I was so confused about Asaalat Alwujud and Maahiyah but you done an absolutely amazing job of explaining and simplifying it!
Thank you!
Interesting video, thanks Filip! I am inspired as I find the concepts explained in this video oft-resonating in Modern academic fields such as semiotics and "idealist/atheist" philosophers (constant dialectical movement = constant motion of being), and your explanations, guided by Islamic study are so well-done and contextual! Here's hoping more videos on "Falsafa" to inspire!
Thank you! Definitely more videos on Falsafa coming! 🙂
@@LetsTalkReligion Falsafeh is purely an Iranian concept and word. It means philosophy and has been in the domain of early ancient Iranian civilization until today. Any attribution to any other “group” besides Iranians is considered historical theft. This is an unforgivable and unforgettable crime. Iranian civilization is the mother civilization and it shall always be so no matter the numerous attempts to purge it from the information sphere. Islam came only 1400 years ago and very much in its infancy. It was thousands of years of Iranian scholarship and philosophy that created all the tenets of deep thinking and knowledge. Stop being a Zionist. They were mere bandits called Habiru which means bandit in Sanskrit. This group lied about their association with Cyrus in order to predate themselves. They rewrote history to attribute to Islamic golden age what actually was produced by the Iranian civilization. Greater Iran has been attacked, it’s archeology stolen, it’s libraries burned, it’s philosophies co-opted, it’s territory invaded… to this day. Why? Because it’s the most important basin of human civilization. It’s true history disproves abrahamic myths about their origins. Do not continue this misappropriation.
🐟 04. SCIENCE Vs RELIGION (PHYSICS Vs METAPHYSICS):
The English word “SCIENCE” originates from the Latin noun “scientia”, meaning “knowledge”, via the stem “scire”, meaning “to know”.
The English word “RELIGION” originates from the Latin verb “religare”, meaning “to join or unite”. It is the equivalent of the Sanskrit noun “yoga”, meaning “union (of the individual self with the Supreme Self)”. Therefore, “yoga” and “religion” are used synonymously in this chapter.
The PHYSICAL sciences are an empirical approach to knowledge. They rely on experimentation, based on observation of the natural world. Observation is dependent on the senses, the senses are dependent on mind, and the mind is, in turn, observable by the intellectual faculty.
The mind and intellect are phenomena arising in the perceived sense of self, or pseudo-ego (even if one considers that the mind and the intellect are functions of the brain), and therefore, all empirical evidence is gathered and recorded in consciousness. Similarly, the SOCIAL sciences explore facets of human society such as economics, anthropology, politics, and psychology, in accordance with scientific principles.
See Chapter 06 for a complete description of consciousness/Consciousness, and to understand the hierarchy of episteme mentioned above.
It is patently impossible to establish the existence of anything outside of consciousness. How will one observe particles and their mechanics without the existence of consciousness? Clearly, consciousness is axiomatic for any statement of knowledge. The only fact one can know for sure is the certainty of existence, that is, the impersonal sense of an unqualified “I am” that precedes any cognitive process whatsoever. For example, if someone was to ask you "Do you exist?", you could never, in all honesty, respond in the negative, for that would be absurd!
All that can be said or known about the world, is a phenomenal appearance in consciousness. Anything else is speculation that can NEVER be definitively proven or demonstrated. However, this apparent subject-object duality is illusory, since Ultimate Reality is essentially monistic.
So, for example, when a person looks at a tree, he or she is not seeing the tree in any isomorphic sense, but interpreting an inverse image projected onto the retina of the eyes. Therefore, there is no real evidence (or at least, no conclusive proof) for the external world, APART from consciousness. Likewise, there are no sounds in the external world but solely within the mind, since vibrations do not produce an audible sound until they strike one’s eardrums, and the signal is conveyed to the brain. If the corresponding parts of the brain were to be artificially stimulated in the same manner, the experience of sight/sound would seem identical. That explains the Zen koan: “If a tree falls in a forest, and there is nobody present, does the falling tree produce a sound?” Refer, also, to the thought experiment known as “Schrödinger’s cat”.
Apart from the fact that we are unable to DIRECTLY perceive external phenomena, our sensory and cognitive faculties are far from perfect. Even if every human on earth experienced sounds and images in precisely the same manner, that does not prove that those perceptions accurately represent the world as it is, since other animals perceive the world quite differently than do humans. Some cognitive psychologists have demonstrated that all animals, including humans, have evolved not to perceive the external world completely objectively, but rather, have evolved to see the world in a way that promotes survival of their species. This is one explanation for the widespread belief in a Personal Creator God, since religious organizations (ideally) promote social cohesion (at least those that are not ultra-fundamentalist in nature). So, if most all the individuals in any particular nation follow the same religious tradition, the chances are that such a society will endure indefinitely.
As alluded to above, it is imperative to mention that there are TWO main definitions of, or forms of, consciousness: the discrete consciousness associated with the brain of many species of animals (see Chapter 05), and Universal Consciousness (explained in Chapter 06). Perhaps a good analogy for the interplay between Universal Consciousness and the discrete consciousness found within the mammalian brain is that of a radio receiver (being the tangible hardware, akin to the physical brain) and radio waves (being intangible, akin to consciousness/Consciousness). So long as the radio receiver is in good working-order, it tunes-into the electromagnetic radiation spectrum. However, if the radio set breaks down, the radio waves themselves continue to modulate in space. So too, when the human brain dies, Universal Consciousness (“Brahman”, in Sanskrit) continues indefinitely. Note, however, that this analogy is imperfect, since in reality, both the brain and the radio waves are contained within Infinite Awareness (“Brahman”). This confusion of terminology is due to the fact that the English language does not include a single word for the concept of Universal Consciousness (except “[The] Monad”) due to monism being a relatively esoteric concept in the West.
As Lord Śrī Kṛṣṇa so rightly states in “Bhagavad-gītā”, the King of All Knowledge (“rāja vidyā”, in Sanskrit) is the Science of the Self. At the time of writing, cognitive and physical scientists are beginning to explore the “hard problem” of consciousness. Assuming the Homo sapiens species will survive for at least a few more centuries, there will come a time when the majority of professional scientists will acknowledge the primacy of CONSCIOUSNESS. Indeed, if humanity is to continue indefinitely, it is necessary for not only this concept to be imprinted on the human race, but for it to be acted upon; that is to say, we humans must imbibe the principal tenets presented in teachings such as this Holy Scripture, “A Final Instruction Sheet for Humanity”, and actively follow them to a very large extent. The alternative is the extinction of not only humanity, but of most (if not all) biological life forms on Earth, due to environmental degradation, and immorality as a consequence of nihilism.
So, just as the PHYSICAL scientific method is based on hypothesis, observation, and repeatable experimentation, so too is METAPHYSICAL science. The hypothesis for supernatural science is as follows: that there is an eternal ground of all being, and that “it” is conscious, of a steady state (i.e. imperturbable peace), and that everything tangible and intangible is inherently of its nature. In the case of mysticism, the repeatable experiment is known as “religion” (“yoga”, in Sanskrit). Read Chapter 16 for a description of the four systems of religion/yoga.
@@TheWorldTeacher do you know about the spirit experiment?
@@TheWorldTeacher
Ok. When Mulla Sadra says union of knower and known, it results in the self conciousness or the knowledge through presence. And as per his findings discrete conciousness is a manifestation of the universal consciousness and when such a thing is known in a state of union with the knower the discrete conciousness annihilates into the universal consciousness (In other words, at this stage the manifestation realises through the 'knowledge through presence'/Ilmul Huzoori that it's actually the God manifesting itself through a particular modality of being.) that is the ultimate goal of creation as per Mulla Sadra.
You are Great, love your work ❤
Bro your videos are awesome. Really like them
Those who want to find logic in religion must study MullaSadra
Great video as always, thanks, l know how much time and dedication goes into a summery like that. Well done 👍
I like the video first and then watch.....always impressed in the end.
wow....Amazing lecture. thank you
Dear chap, without your discourse I would never heard of these sufis scholars. Very inspiring. Thank you.
You and your channel are fantastic.
I'm so humbled and inspired by your ability to articulate such complex ideas.
The most impressive part though is your choice of artwork, especially when you discussed the soul in 32:37. I was getting goosebumps... this video is a masterpiece.
Peter Adamson did a whole series of podcasts on Mulla Sadra, Ibn Arabi, Sohrwardi, Ghazali and Ibn Sina. It would be interesting if you two did a joint discussion with him especially on the effects of Mulla Sadra and figures like Shaikh Baha’i had on Safavid Iran and later foundation of Shia religion in Greater Iran. Also please shed some light on the condition and development of various Sufi and non twelves (Ismaili), Baha’i religious groups in Greater Khurasan-Afghanistan and NW South Asia (Gilgit Baltistan/Kashmir)
I'd love to have Adamson on the channel at some point
True I started watching this man Mr. Peter Adamson, thank u mr. M.Hassan, with love from india.
Very interesting. Thank you!
I took an Islamic Humanities class in college and always wanted to learn more, but didn't have time in my schedule. I'm glad this channel exists.
Waiting for another interesting information from Mr.flip, May Allah bless you, with lots of love from India.
Assalamualikum bro I'm also From India
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Assalamualikum mr. Malik I am from kerala
Thanks indeed for response
@@esotericpilgrim548 walekum assalam Bro I request to checkout my archive .
"Zaky Muzaffar 27"
Salam Brother.
where do live in India
@@rajazaman3912
May Allah bless you brother,I live in Kerala state, malappuram District.
Give your number I shall call you .
Absolutely Amazing ❤thank you
This is such brilliant video, thank you very much for exposing him to wider audience.
You do a great work. Danken
Great video. It would be a rather amazing feat if you were to explain the four journeys. Now THAT will make your watchers in awe for sure. ;)
amazing video thank you 💓
Salam, thank you for sharing knowledge again. Will you do a René Guénon video?
It would be interesting if there'd one day be a video on Rahner regarding his transcendental Christology. It's an interesting syncretic system with Heideggerian metaphysics and transcendental Thomism.
Love this. Proud to be a follower of Mulla Sadra R.A. May Mola Rest Him in peace.
Mulla Sadra seems to be the man who established a connection between İslamic philosophy and Sufism. Pity that he is not known very much. Especially in Sunni world.
Mashallah, following ur channel from very early
Sorry was inconsistent lately
This is a really good series. The fellow who is host/narrator knows his stuff: and his delivery is superb! A young dude, but very together. Kudos to him! Ya, Allah! Huuuuuuuuuuu. Eyvallah. -EK
Yea
Excellent work and mystical props, Brother!
I really enjoy the artists play with shading, in their painting of the philosopher, Mulla Sadra. In normal lighting he's looking to the Right, in negative light he's looking to the Left! { 34:11 } Quite the mercurial venusian this artist was!
Thank you!
. .🔥. .
🦌🙏🦌
Wow, great job 💯💯💯
I admire your knowledge about islamic philosophy and religion ! Thank you for these explanation !
Would you please make a video on conditional pluralism theory by Sayed kamal Haidari.
Interesting video.
May God save you !
Such an Unbiased explanation!👍
Your video is appreciated and it is a great to see that Mulla Sadra's philosophy is being explained. There are few points here though:
1) Sadrians might take the term "Sufi" as well especially in relation to "philosophical Sufism" of later Akbarians (since they agree on many issues). It should be kept in mind that in academia, many a times this narrative has been used to keep Sadrians away from using the term "Sufi" at all and Sufism has only been restricted to master disciple forms. A more appropriate formulation would be that Sadrians primarily use the word "Irfan" to refer to the doctrines and differentiate themselves from other "Sufis". It doesn't mean they're not Sufis themselves.
2) As for the eternity of Universe, while it might appear that it's the case that Mulla Sadra took a "middle position" that certainly is not a case. All the Philosophers (major schools) rejected the idea of existential inertia and for this reason, every particular existent in the world is, by definition, in a sense, at every moment, temporally originated and recreated whereas the world is eternal. While there might be some semantic differences you might find, conceptually all the 3 schools hold the same opinion on this which is in opposition to the Theologians.
3) As for mystical unveiling, the mystical philosophers (Sadrians and Ishraqis), do not think it is "irrational". In an attempt to be "distinct" from the Western rationalism, it has been easy for a few scholars to clearly posit this. The matter is nuanced. They think that while the direct unveiling of these realities can not happen only through discursive reasoning, discursive reasoning is also very important for one to explain the mystical unveilings. Humans are using their intellective capacities in mystical unveiling too and nothing which is truly representative of reality can lead to a contradiction. This is a very important point to make clear especially when you've closely related Akbarians (some of them at least) that did not hold this opinion. It becomes even more important than to clearly tell that mystical philosophers do believe in primacy of reason and think discursive reasoning is a way to the truth.
Thank you for your video!
Agree
You should read work of his teacher Mir Damad, discussing about eternity-temporal.
Thank you. Very interesting. 🌹
This talk is most inspiring
Excellent program
Beautifully explained!!
peace and blessings
thank you for the great work
one small feedback, please regulate the sound the "s" is so sharp it makes it difficult to experience for those with hyperacusis
I'm shocked and amazed that this channel still has no video about Neoplatonism (or I have missed it). There's soooo many parallels and similar lines of thought. :D