The Life of a Black Hole
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- Опубліковано 2 чер 2024
- Black holes are some of the most exciting phenomena in astrophysics, but what exactly are they? How do they live and die? Let's dive into the basics.
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So let’s start at square one and define exactly what a black hole is. A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong anything that enters cannot escape again. That includes the fastest thing in the universe, light, and since light can’t come back out once it crosses that point of no return known as the event horizon, observers like us on the outside can’t see black holes. They are completely invisible.
So you may be wondering how we know they’re there. We’ve even taken pictures of them, it was in the news and everything. The black hole itself may be invisible, but we can still find them because of the effect they have on nearby matter and on light passing close-but-not-too-close. We’ve spotted the radiation given off by superheated matter swirling around them, forming what’s called an accretion disk. It basically looks like space’s version of the Eye of Sauron. We can even see the back side of the accretion disk that would be hidden behind the black hole’s shadow if it weren’t for the wild way black holes can alter the path light takes.
According to Einstein’s theory of General Relativity, black holes warp space and time to the extreme because they pack an enormous amount of mass into an incredibly small space at the black hole’s center. Just how much mass the black hole has determines how far away the event horizon is from the center, a distance called the Schwarzschild radius, and the radius can grow if more matter falls into the black hole.
The Schwarszchild radius is important in another way: it’s also the minimum size an object will have to be squeezed down to for gravity to take over and turn it into a black hole.
#BlackHole #Space #Astronomy #Universe #Astrophysics #Seeker
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Does a black hole ever die?
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"This link between the birth of a black hole and the death of the star that formed it is a fairly common occurrence across the Universe. Stars and black holes are closely intertwined, especially in areas of the universe where star formation is churning along at high speed."
Atomic-sized primordial black holes: what new experimental evidence suggests
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There are also other black holes called “primitive” or “primordial” black holes, which - as their name indicates - were created in the first moments of the Big Bang, when the universe first began, and can theoretically possess any mass. They may range in size from a subatomic particle to several hundred kilometres.
How do supermassive black holes grow so large?
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"According to the traditional picture of black hole formation and growth, the universe at this time simply had not existed long enough for black holes to bulk up to a billion solar masses. So, based on our general understanding of how black holes form and grow, these black holes should not exist."
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When I was in 3rd grade, we had to do astronomy projects. My dad knew I already knew all the solar system mumbo jumbo, so rather than arts and crafts foam planets, we made a black hole diarama out of a round oil pan and mesh screen, and I spent hours reading printouts my dad got online about them.
Hi Julian, loved the video but I wanted to clarify that the Schwarzschild radius is only the radius to the event horizon of a non-rotating uncharged black hole (Schwarzschild-type) - in fact a rotating uncharged black hole (Kerr-type) has two event horizons (outer event horizon, and Cauchy horizon) and neither of these are perfect spheres - so do not have uniform radii (rotation is weird).
I just want to know....
How on Earth (yea I said it) can a black hole NOT ROTATE?!
@@mayhemdiscordchaosohmy573 Realistically? It can't because of conservation of angular momentum. It was spinning before it collapsed? It should be spinning after collapse too.
But it just boils down to a balance of how relatively simple the problem is to solve and how physical/realistic the model is. Rotation makes the mathematics and the underlying physics a lot less easy to handle.
Carl Schwartzschild solved for a non-rotating charge-free BH back in 1916, it took until 1963 for Roy Kerr to solve for the case of a rotating charge-free BH.
For context - Schwarzschild's solution is taught at a Masters level, whereas Kerr's solution is only learnt by self-guided education to perform research.
For me, I enjoy these a lot. I'm fascinated by astronomy but never studied it on my own. These refreshers help me lock the concepts down a lot better. Please keep doing what you do!
Gravity Sucks, but,
Black Holes Swollow!
This should be a new T-Shirt from Sci-Show Space!
You did a wonderful job covering one of my greatest (and most fascinating) obsessions. Thank you!
I liked your simplification of Hawking radiation. I've heard the term before but never had the concept itself dumbed down enough for me to quite get it until now 😅
Which makes zero sense.
If one escapes. Making the black hole lose mass. The other is swallowed, increasing mass. So a really stupid explanation. Watch the science asylum video on this. Much more informative.
@@jimmartin156 in this explanation, the swallowed particle has negative energy, so it decreases BH's mass. But there are probably better analogies
@@TheWerelf those particles have negative charge, not mass. As far as I am aware nothing has negative mass.
@@TheWerelf so. The black hole has intelligence? Because in your scenario, it always swallows the negative particle. And not the positive one. Just watch the Science asylum video. Unlike this video. It actually makes seance. Even Stephen Hawking. Knew this was wrong.
@@TheWerelf sorry I have to agree with Jim here. If the falling partical did have negative energy density, people would be going on and on about them in the +20 or so alcubierre warp drive videos I've seen
Thanks for making me understand Hawkings Radiation in a couple sentences.
Super interesting. Thanks guys!
Small correction though regarding the pronunciation. It’s not Schwarz”child” but rather Schwarz”shilled” (say it as if you would combine shoe and chilled). Name comes from the German language and directly translated would mean black-shield.
A most excellent explanation of black holes. The best I've seen giving simple to understand description on this subject without the unnecessary bending of the mind. Well done Seeker.
i found your description of blackholes great!
Amazing stuff as per usual 👏🏽 👌🏽
It's always kinda eerie to me... It seems like every edutainment channel I follow on UA-cam seems to know exactly what I am studying in class when I am studying it in class, and drops content like this literally 2 days after I wrap up the chapter on Black Holes in Astronomy...
I know it's probably a mental bias, since I just studied it and it's fresh in my mind... but still
Nice one!
I’m a black hole fanatic so I’m up to speed on them and I have a favorite black hole. Ton-618 is my favorite one!!!
Tell us why it's your favorite. What do you think actually happens inside them? Does material get shot out into another universe? Is the material jist getting squished and squished and squished in a small ball under a nearly infinite amount of pressure and heat?
@@Joe_Friday
that’s almost more of a cosmology question, most black hole fans have favourites due to being the highest mass or the fastest spin or the most orbiting stellar-mass black holes or the most powerful EM jet at the pole, and other stats like that.
@Pinak Chakrabartti oh, absolutely. Their scale and power is literally awesome. While I do find the “what happens ‘inside’” to be interesting, it’s not the primary attraction to me. All these other measurable aspects and phenomena they possess are fascinating and enamouring enough!
Eg some are the biggest particle accelerators, ever, and we could likely never hope to build anything that matched them (at least not without also being a black hole itself - so why not use an already-extant one rather than trying to build your own - this is why sci-fi often invokes structures that take advantage of a black hole as a very high-level form of engineering).
Ton-618 is 11/12 solar systems in size! Also that everything gets crushed and also it leaks it’s own radiation! Also some have pulsar jets ejecting massive amounts of gamma radiation! We don’t know where the material goes maybe it all goes here .
Another thing is we collectively worked together to get an actual glimpse of one!
thanks for teaching me about the Schwarzchild radius, and the reference to Sauron's Eye was prodigious. you sir are a gentleman of great wit and sagacity! 😎
Love your videos
His proclivity to explore is that of an ancient explorer from a principality. circa bce. Yet his tendency of benevolence is that of an ancient explorer from a municipality, circa ad. Nonetheless, shall your creative prowess prosper and the tides of history always in your favour.
Nice video.
I would like a more in-depth PBS Spacetime-esque video.
Whoa, heavy
If space expands at an ever increasing rate, wont there be a point where virtual particles will be seperated faster than they can destroy each other?
The big freeze theory
No space doesn't separate anything. Because the universe isn't equal everywhere. Gravity problems
@@wolfy7592 isn’t it theorised that dark matter pushes matter apart? And it’s believed that fuels the increasing expansion of the universe.
A Schwarzchild singularity is a fictional thing, Einstein repeatedly spoke about this, he wrote about it in the 1939 journal "Annals of Mathematics". Wherever you have an astronomical quantity of mass "dilation" (sometimes called gamma or y) will occur. General relativity does not predict singularities when you factor in dilation. Mass that is dilated is smeared through spacetime relative to an outside observer. There is no place in the universe where mass is more concentrated than at the center of a galaxy. The mass at the center of our own galaxy is dilated, in some sublime way that mass is all around us.
Thank you
I'm surprised you didn't mention ultra massive black holes like TON 618.
Ok. I haven't watched in a while and it did get me thinking.
Maybe the reason the speed of light is the speed it is is because of at least 2opposing force's pulling on space time and the speed light is is how they balance out
the fact that we have not been sucked into a black hole yet blows my mind
I liked that soundgarden reference lol
I know someone looking like you...on a different platform
And interesting content
My mind is blown!
I knew the majority of that but I didn’t know we mad tiny black holes in particle Accelerators so that’s cool
4:20 it says these are speculative theories, not that we already succeeded in making black holes in particle accelerators
I thought the sworshchild (probably spelled that wrong) Radius about the Gravitational pull between different things in space not just black holes
Tight Tight tight!!!
the coolest object in the universe in my opinion.. I even have a Black hole stuffy from Kurzgesagt because i like them so much
His proclivity to explore is that of an ancient explorer from a principality. circa bce. Yet his tendency of benevolence is that of an ancient explorer from a municipality, circa ad. Nonetheless, shall your creative prowess prosper and the tides of history always in your favour.
Nice
The greatest succ in the universe, incredible.
Cool
where does all that light come from?
"what if our sun were replaced with a black hole of equal mass". Sounds like an XKCD comic!
Or a video from Kurzgesagt. Gotta spur people's sense of existential dread!
2:47 my brain 👁👄👁 “In my eyes,
Indisposed,
In disguises no one knows!”
I’m glad I won’t be alive when the sun gobbles everything up
They Send Voyager and Other Probes...They Should send a Probe through an Event Horizon to See what's in there.
With all the stuff at disappears into a black hole on the other side of the black hole through the rip in the fabric of space is a “white hole”. All that stuff going into the black hole on our side has to come out somewhere.
Great video, thanks. Though I think it would've been prudent to mention that Hawking Radiation was never proven to exist (yet), and as such Hawking never won a Nobel prize for it.
And what happens when a Black Hole decays it just disappears with no further action?
it may decay so much it doesn't have enough mass to be a black hole
it is "schwarzschild" prounouned shvarts shield....not swarts child. FYI.
Pressure
Black holes are bipolar or mono polar in terms of magnetic field structure or do they even have poles ? Or are they having infinite poles ?
Please explain Hawking radiation more simply ?
Newbie question: why is it assumed that black holes warp space/time? Is it impossible that it's " just" a super condensed star that warps light and matter around and won't let anything escape the event horizon? if you would drop a clock into it , it should eventually look like it froze in time for eternity since the light won't be able to escape that point.
Having another dimension or other stuff like that seems a bit overcomplicating to me. It could just be something solid small and ultra dense inside and the whole jig would be the event horizon caused by gravity + Hawking radiation
Newbie answering: from what I understand, the equations of space and time break down when applied to a singularity. Weird stuff happens like the dimensions of time and space get reversed (or something like that) so whatever is happening inside the black hole doesn't follow our known laws of physics.
Mind you, we don't actually know what goes on in there. We have made guesses though, which is why we have many different theories about it.
Doesn't the commentator work for gus fring in the pollos hermanos restaurant 🤔
WHEN I SAW THAT TITLE...ALL I COULD THINK WAS yeh a birds fanny.x
🙏🕉🙏
I've seen like a hundred of the same black hole videos by now
I ain’t about the black hole life…it’s gotta suck.
Has anyone made diagram of black hole on the basis of "strings theory"? Does strings in black hole is similar as normal matters?
Why are they round like most planets?
we should call these microscopic black holes "black dots"
Some scientists theorize that black holes may not even have a singularity at their hearts!? When or if black holes are formed inside the large particle collider. The black holes would be so small that they vaporize by the radiation they admit?
So Gardevoirs are not so bad after all
☑
Is Black Holes traveling in galaxy and in universe?
An interesting idea about a black hole is time imploding into itself. We have no idea what true time is really. What if time was all around us being that we ourselves are apart of time? (yes, fast summery). Now picture time travel. When tested it is unknown that we are part of time so when traveling through time we pull in time itself. So simply put all black holes we see are of civilization first tests of time travel which pulls their solar system inside out creating a black hole which is actively pulling in the universe. In an odd why this makes more sense then a star going nova creating 'nothing'. Now time imploding in itself creating a black hole makes a bit more sense? Can be tested and seen: a two string weave as one string being time. Now move point A to point B and what does the weave do?
shvarts-shilt
🤔
Nothing escapes, yet your own science has found jets of matter/plasma being ejected. Hmmm
A photon has a Schwartzchild radius??
illogical but just for fun, assume a tiny black hole created in particle accelerator suddenly gets bigger and destroys earth even before knowing what happened.
When I watch things like this, one of my kids always calls me a nerd. >^_^
😎
Wooow this video is hole-some😂😂
The life of a Black Hole is a sad and lonely one.
No one ever mentions that a Planck scale black hole might not radiate any radiation because the wavelength of virtual particles may be to large to form in the proper way
Isn’t gravity technically faster than light
Lol
Nice video! BTW, black holes are not “invisible“, they are black. You can’t see through them (you can see a bit around them as you noted).
They should be called black spots. holes are emptyness
Minor pet peev of mine: please pronounce it "Schwarz-*Shield* Radius"?
The word "Schild" is one of those English-Germon commonalities to the word "Shield"
And honestly, if you struggle with the pronounciation, just call it "Balck-Shield" Radius.
It changes it from a Name base - to an assosiation base, and folks will still know what it is you're talking about.
I don't think Julian's pronunciation (which seems to be very common at this point...) comes from a difficulty pronouncing Schild, but rather because people more familiar with English than German tend to parse Schwarzschild as a combination of "Schwarz" and "child" if they aren't familiar with it (and the "s" ... just gets ignored when reading it quickly 🤷♀️), because that's kind of the "best fit" for trying to read the word/name as if it was English. "Schwarz" is occasionally encountered in English-speaking countries, but I don't recall ever seeing "Schild" in an English context, so it breaks language parsing - especially because it's _almost_ an English word, so doesn't look "wrong enough" to make most people stop to think about it.
For those who know to split the word one letter earlier - i.e. "Schwarz-Schild" - I don't think pronouncing Schild would actually be a problem. It's just not "obvious" to most English speakers that that's even what's written.
That's my theory, anyway :) I'm happy to be wrong!
Admittedly when I first saw that name I read it the same way it was pronounced in this video because I didn't read it carefully enough. But after it was pronounced as "Schwarz-Schild" in a Minute Physics video (I think), I took a closer look.
And yeah, it's pretty obvious in hindsight, even with my very limited German knowledge :p (i.e. English/British secondary school level - perhaps beaten by only the USA in "not bothering to teach a second language" 👀)
If black holes can trap light then isn’t technically dark speed faster than light speed?
Someone correct me if Im wrong and my bad if youre joking, but dark is just a lack of light, its not a physical thing in the same sense as light, which is made of photons, theres no photon equivalent for 'dark'. So Im not sure if it can be considered faster, maybe
The life of a black hole
Stop doing drugs kids
4th
Do most physicists agree that black holes are simply super dense spheres of mass not unlike neutron stars whose neutrons are touching neutrons with no apparent motion, black holes have another level of gravity and density that has the quarks and gluons pressed together with no remaining apparent motion or vibrations at all that have become dense enough that their event horizon diameter exceeds the sphere’s diameter, going black from our view?
I think Einstein's wrong, that time is constant and that dark matter is the limiting factor to the speed of light. I think it’s not 'space-time' bending but rather gravitational and dark matter density variations.
Playing in loud and still no proper volume,
Starfleet Naval Group [NCC]
Psychological Sciences Division
General Analyst consult:
but everything before the event horizon < can cause enough pressure build_up too allow for "vents" to form: hence the recording of sound that comes_off of blackholes
this is possible bc how string theorys "Any 5 of the 32 quarks' arrange & rearrange using graviton knit patterns = fibers that stack all the masses on top of the vacuum plain named universe
this "pool of gravitons" waiting to be used / or after the fibers break down = dark matter
What would happen if infinite number of Markipliers would jump into a black hole?
So there's no coulomb force in there ? I don't know about it i heard it from the anime "no game no life"
Bruh black holes are wormholes
Lies, lies and more lies. Pure fiction for the folks that love fables.
u mean vladimr Putin ??
It’s not shwortzs child radius it’s Schwarz Schild Radius (black shield)
First
second
4th
Imagine these videos were made with a decent microphone… would be way more enjoyable 😔
Sounds religious
please stop calling it "Schwarz Child-" Schwarz = black, Schild = shield. It distracts from the cool science ;).
Try thinking of "shuild" with "uild" like in "build". Also, if you're feeling fancy, the "a" in Schwarz like the first "A" in "A-merican".
I had to stop watching it because he said it wrong so many times.
Nice