James Webb Discovered Something So Improbable, It Shouldn’t Ever Happen
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- Опубліковано 10 гру 2023
- 40 Jupiter Mass Binary Objects - or JuMBOs - discovered by JWST. Get NordVPN 2Y plan + 4 months free here ➼ nordvpn.com/astrum It’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee!
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Sorry for giving you a heart attack...
I did not need that jumpscare!
Considering that there are an order of magnitude more "rogue planets" than there are planets orbiting stars, "JumBOs" aren't improbable .. they're inevitable.
Good video, but you really need to always include the papers you are referencing in the description and probably put the references in the video itself.
Damn you. 😂
Lmao I had a heart attack, then I immediately thought "huh. This smells like NordVPN." And to my bemusement it was
This reminds me of a fun quote: "Everything that has a probability of one in billion happens daily in China".
Of course, that's not mathematically correct, but sometimes you need to remind yourself of the sheer size of space in which those probabilites operate
For this kind of thing, I asked the opposite thing. What is the chance of this NOT happening. The more observations, the lower the probability of none of them NOT being the "desired" result. I tried to calculate how likely something might happen at least once if you did something one million times where the probability was one in a million. My calculator displayed a 1 because it couldn't handle a fraction that close to 1.
If there is a one in a million chance of someone being something, based on the simple math, it should be a solid 1000 happenstance in a place where 1000 million people gather, lol.
That's why it's the ratio that's baffling. Jmbo's existing isn't too surprising but how can it be 9% of observed wandering planets? At least that's my understanding of the situation. I was distracted by my cat during much of the video.
@@johnmckown1267 Probability of 0 or of 1 are impossible i think. Everything has a quantum basis in the end, and there you can never have certainty. And what if universe is infinite? I guess these are just not the thing we hairless monkeys are equipped to deal with.
@@johnmckown1267 in either direction, I think this suffers from the monty hall problem. at each instant, the probability that you observe something never before seen in the universe is independent of the probability in any other instant. much like no matter how many times you flip a fair coin, the probability you will see heads each flip remains 50%.
seeing two planets only a million years old orbiting each other gives me the same feeling as when you see a toddler running around the grocery store alone. its like "WHERE ARE YOUR PARENTS??"🤣
I've said this before on another video about JUMBOs and I'll repeat it here: I remember a time when binary star systems were thought to be rare, now we know they're the norm more or less, I remember a time when we thought exo-star systems would look a lot like ours (rocky planets close gas giants far out) and now we know that once again that is not the norm but rather the exception. I think these JUMBOs fall into the same boat, they seem odd now because we haven't been able to see them but I bet if we look we'll start finding them everywhere and we have to figure out why. The universe has intriguing ways of reminding us we don't know as much as we think we do, we're always learning more and that's a good thing.
Yeah, the more information we get, the more precise our models can be.
There are surprising results where our models seem to be accurate enough: the large scale structure of the universe, and the distribution of satellite galaxies.
Assuming the JUMBOs are all indeed in the nebula and not behind or in front of it, the easiest solution is the density of objects in the area. When there are more planets, the chance that any two orbit each other without a star is obviously higher. And not just because the chance that a random planet is a JUMBO, but also the chance that planets meet.
These kinds of binary objects are probably doomed to eventually happen after all there are 20,000 billion billion stars each with at least 1 planet so that means 40+ jumbos are going to happen in the universes Galaxy's eventually after all we have discovered many odd planets like the planet that sientests call super satern so this isn't impossible!
YES, exactly, this is common everyday dumb reality. Of course, what you said about stars, and then what everybody hears as basic science: that Jupiter is like a failed star, or a star that didn't make it to star status. Actually, it is the simple technology of having a better camera in space, to see the little stuff, like the next improved version will see these things commonly. Funny, did he say they were Wanderers? Isn't that some old scrolled name for those god-like beings in space? Maybe all the gods of our squabbles prove to also be actually very common and nothing to fight about
Could they be evidence of engineering ?
Just a thought
I think what’s unusual though is the fact that binary stars reduce in number as you get smaller in mass, so this contradicts that curve, which is an interesting result against the known planetary formation “rules”.
My biggest irrational phobia is that some random space anomaly is going to fly into us and just end everything.
Sharknado here 🫣
Nada and Polo are 2 light years from Earth and are approaching rapidly
At least it would be over quickly.
@@herrpezif we were thrown out of the solar system it’d be a slow and cold death
@@Cheese_and_crackers396the op isn't saying anything about being thrown out of the solar system
My current favouritte astronomical fact is that if you viewed our solar system from Proxima Centauri, we ( our dear Sun) would be a verry bright star in Casseiopeia - my most beloved constellation since I was a small child.
Does that mean that from our perspective, Proxima Centauri is on the opposite side of the sky from Casseiopeia?
@dabu3 yes it does. In the southern sky near the constellation Crux kinda. It's opposite Cassiopeia.
I always liked Cassie too. The lady in the rocking chair. What's cool is the sun from Proxima Centauri would be at her back. Very literally like is shining down on her. If there's any beings over I wonder if they have chairs and see that when they look up. Lol
Yeah, it better be bright. The heat from so far away still makes me loathe stepping outside my house.
Cassiopeia is one of my favs too. But the Pleiades take the number one spot for me, were always so mysterious to me somehow. Also Orion (third place).
That sponsor reel gave me an heart attack. I was thinking 10 times in one second that no it's December, not April so panic induced. Careful Alex lol
Yeah, hard way of pushing ads though...
What sponsor ? I didn't see any .... 'shrugs'
same here. was like what the hell?! just hol up... ... ... then ah, sponsor, okay move along xD
Got me good for real
@summonersaisai perhaps you should use an app with sponsorblock ? I still never saw an ad. Just saying....
Alex, you cheeky bugger, you had me going there at the end. I was truly heartbroken because this channel is such a gift. It's so well researched and written, and so much work goes in image sourcing. You are taking a world that only academics would have seen and showing it to us cave people, deepening our appreciation for the miracle of this existence and of this universe. I cannot thank you enough.
Agreed he hurt my feelings
just use a VPN
Mugg grok!
Speak for yourself there Grok, a whole lot of us are actually well read and educated.
I am so confused by all the other comments...
😂 "checking the legs of the Universe" had me giggling in the canteen at work. Was not expecting that.
There are limitless things that are so impropable and thus improbable things happen all the time
Improbable things happen rarely.
@@INKovariyes but bear with me here as I’m just making up numbers here, let’s say you have a total of 1 quadrillion improbable possibilities. Seeing a few million seriously improbable things happening seems unlikely but in a sea of many improbabilities having a million occur doesn’t seem so… improbable 😊
There are more improbable events that can happen that probable events that can happen
True. Then factor in the other remaining intact overall creation and the remaining pieces of third overall creation, it will blow human's minds. The physics you know will rendered unusable. So take discoveries easy, give an open mind.
We're not pointing telescopes at 1 quadrillion things.
man, when you said 'surely you could have enough stuff to form a planet first?' i was like yes! then ...no?
now i understand more things. thank you astrum. you're a champ. this show is always such high tier quality.
What, uhh.... what's your thumbnail?
it's almost impossible to detect rogue planets if they're smaller than Jupiter, so of course all of the ones we find are massive.
Secondly many planets could be in binary systems orbitting stars, there's absolutely nothing stopping that from happening so that 9% mark might be how often they are in binaries.
and I'm a bit skeptical on why gas clouds can't coalesce to form jupiter-sized objects
The opaque limit comes from watching brown dwarfs form. We have many examples of swirling gas that gets hot in the center, the heat stops more gas needed to become a star from falling in. The heat creates what we might call a color wind without a star.
We have plenty of examples. Then a supernova happens and this shockwave pushes more gas together enough to cross the threshold to become a brown dwarf or larger star.
I like the 4th theory at the end. Let's say you have a brown dwarf already forming, possibly from a nearby collision. Then a supernova happens of a super massive star. Such as the 1 that created the Orion Nebulla these 40 Jumbos were found. In this case the shockwave rejects some Jupiter size chunks of the newly forming star. While also adding mass to the forming star so now the brown dwarf is a solar mass star.
He said these 40 pairs were only 1 million yo. A recent supernova formed the Nebula they were found in so I'm not surprised we found lots of them in a star nursery. This gives a lot of weight to the 4th theory.
Even more likely parts of all 4 are correct, what we can say for certain is our current models are wrong.
Why do planets and science only follow the rules and exist within our 5 senses?
@@tonyg5132 where do you get that from ? Science goes beyond our 5 senses. In fact this video is from the JWT that goes beyond our 5 senses into the infrared. These Jumbos are not visible to our 5 senses.
I hope your proud of this video, I think it's your best one this year. 👍🍻
Obviously, as you’ve pointed out, some processes and ingredients are right for these binaries to be so numerous in Orion. As in geology or nature more broadly, if a rare something-or-other is found somewhere, chances are it’s not as rare where it is located and more may exist in that area due to some specific conditions.
Among all other astronomy channels, you have the most soothing speech. It makes videos much more fluent. I watch all of it always, once I played.
Very impressed with this video. I have always been interested in astronomy and physics. It was things like this that drove me to enter those professions. Thank you for feeding my insatiable curiosity about the universe and the wonders that we discove
"number 14: burger king foot lettuce. The last thing you'd expect to occur is someone's foot in your lettuce, and yet..."
The James Webb telescope when it looks at a human:
The more and more that the human race uncovers and discovers the wonders of Interstellar space, galaxies, etc. The more and more I feel like the universe is one huge living organism and we just occupy a very small insignificant part or piece of it.
You have the best videos and the most thought-provoking content on UA-cam. Thank you for your hard work to give us such amazing and educational information! Your awesome Alex, thanks for sharing!
So thankful Alex does space shows with that soothing voice
Alex, I just love your content. Your voice is perfect for this, and you tell good stories while conveying new and fascinating facts. Thank you!
Your donation will not go unnoticed
@@Falcon2000XS money is tight palm beach willie
14:34 …. One of the best ad reads for them I’ve heard tbh I was pissed for a sec
You could tell by people's reactions just how much you are adored here.
One of the best 'gotcha' , nicely played Alex. And what a fascinating video, discoveries like that are needed for our understanding to grow.
Oh man best ad hook ever. When you said the channel would only be available in the UK my very first thought was, "Time to get a VPN!"
the acronym names the scientist come up with are sometimes adorable. JuMBOS.
I love how genuinely happy you sound when you talk about space, it makes me really enjoy watching your videos and I love to fall asleep to them❤ keep doing what you're doing!
I'm so grateful that I found this channel. I've watched 4 videos today and will continue to watch them all. Thank you!
FFS, I've been watching astronomy videos for years and it's the first time it rings a bell in my empty mind why gravitational lensing is making stuff brighter thanks to the dynamic diagram you showed. Thank you !
Is that what makes a star suddenly go brighter for half a second?
I can’t imagine how much less cool the universe would be if we always named plants and stars the way we do now
I like this narrator. Sounds like he’s smiling while speaking. I find myself smiling as well.
Thank you. 😊
Loved this, even the seque into the add! Thanks for great content.
Love your content ❤
Hat off to whoever came up with JUMBO, jupiter mass binary objects 👌
great voice! nice informative video! soothing music background! makes it one of the best channel❤
Excellent! Need to bring this into my classroom as we just got through studying how solar systems are formed.
another new episode, enough to get me through the week. i use your content as sleepingpill and it is amazing, rarily finish one of them videos in one go hence it takes 5 nights or more
the ammount of value to my life makes me think now that this should first channel i should contribute to via Patreon when i can
Good for you.
My heart skipped a beat. Thanks for your videos
This is probably the most amazing time to be an astronomer since Galileo. A lot of the rules are off the table, and many cosmologists are starting from scratch. The main difference is that now we have supercomputers to crunch the numbers and run model simulations, so the theories and answers will come much faster. And now incorporating A.I., this knowledge will be exponential.
Woah, what a add hook. I was like ARCHIVE lol. I really appreciate your videos, so educational and insightful. As well as stellar transitions, and honest dialogue.
What would have to happen in our science/society development for the exoplanets to be called just planets?
Would it be setting our figurative foot outside of our Solar system? Establishing a colony and leaving our solar system behind?
Or maybe we call our "home" planets something else and the increasing number of the same thing but outside, just "planets" which they are?
I mean, the number of discovered exoplanets will grow and grow. Won't they stop being special at some point?
Its just a thought, I have no issue using the prefix 😊
Exoplanets are outer solar planets. Sol is the reference point. To dethrone Sol as the reference you'd need generations without contact, but you'd still call them exoplanets.
It’s like we call our Sun and Moon just The Sun and The Moon. Wouldn’t make sense to call Saturn and planet TN1553 the same “Planet” nomenclature.
Yeah any and all planets outside our solar system are called exo planets.. So regardless of us traveling they'd still be deemed exo
I was just drifing off to sleep when you said the UK part, now i'm wide awake lol.
Thanks for another great video, look forward to many more!
This video is very interesting. You are one of the best astronomical channels on UA-cam.
Wow. You scared me for a moment there! Thought I wouldn't be able to watch anymore.....very creative and tricky Astrum!!
I wonder if they have moons? If so, would they be captured objects only, or could some have formed alongside their planet? Could there be smaller mass objects orbiting both of them at the same time? Could there be small planetary systems centred around JuMBOS, with no star present?
Not only might that be possible but it might be the most likely places to discover Life outside our solar system.
Deep thermal vents like in the ocean of Earth, on earth sized moons around these Jupiter size planets. The tidal energy being the source of the heat for the volcanism, that heat plus chemosynthesis being the source of energy for whatever the life forms may be.
That's why there's talk of sending a submarine to one of our Jupiter's moons!
Bruhh, you had me in the end. Definately the best Segway I have seen so far 😂. Anyhow, thank you for these videos. They are so much fun to watch.
What a great introduction. You are delightful sir. Ty
Still waiting on part 2 of the theory of everything!!
I feel like there's another possibility you didn't quite cover-- though this could be wrong. Is it possible that it is just much more likely for a binary pair to be spotted? With a pair of planets it seems like it would be easier to detect, so we would detect a higher percentage of pairs than single lone planets. Please correct me if I'm wrong
I want you to know this comment led me down a rabbit hole to try and find out if this is a possibility or not, because your idea makes sense! but i was wondering if maybe the number was so statistically significant that it couldn't possibly be only that they're easier to spot, though being easier to spot is likely a factor either way. and what ive landed on is that this video (and all the other news articles about jumbos) seem to be about a singular paper that i dont think is even peer reviewed. Im not even sure the journal it was published in was an official journal. It called itself an archive, but that might not be where it's actually published so I'm not sure. So uh maybe take this whole idea with a grain of salt
@artificer_1266 I did a little bit of research on it too and thought the same-- but it is still interesting to think about these things even if it turns out this specific situation is hypothetical. Thank you-- I hope you're having a good day!
@@axolotlfeverdream that's true! These things are fun to think about, though i do wish there was a little more clarity about that in the inital video and in some of the articles i saw, but thats sort of a long standing issue with science journalism as a whole.
And again, its not like your inital comment was wrong, a lot of the exoplanets we know about in general are jupiter size (and close to their star) for the same reason, even if thats not typically how planets form.
I hope you're having a good day too!
I really appreciate the time you put into your subjects. Simply Brilliant.
The acronym for the Jupiter mass planets made me ctfu
The odds of that first planetary instance, it's not that improbable at all. if you spin a wet tennis ball there are multiple bits of water that flung in the same direction.
I heard that 3 or more bodies make things complicated, unpredictable, maybe unstable. For example, a small body in a three bodies system, tend to collide with a big body and being absorbed. There might be a lot of systems with multi-bodies initially, they evolved to two bodies system, because it's more stable.
Maybe, our closest neighbor is Alpha Centauri, a trinary system. Two of its stars are locked in a orbit around one another and the third orbits both of them at roughly 13000 times the distance between the Earth and the Sun. They are not expected to collide anytime soon. It just depends
That last bit really messed with my emotions for a second! I was like what!!!
Thank you for covering this topic! I'm an astronomy grad student and I found out about JuMBOs last year, through a sensationalized public news website and a non-peer-reviewed arXiv journal article. I've been wondering whether the sources could be trusted and, if so, what the implications of such a discovery could be! I'm excited to find out what the future holds in the field of planetary astronomy!
The notion that interstellar space could be full of rogue planets is fascinating.
I wonder if there's a large curvature in space time right there Like a canyon
This video is a game-changer, absolute gold!
What if a Jupiter mass object or a sun mass object would start forming and right when it should become a star, or brown dwarf, it would detonate and push the protoplanets out and into empty space and any of the other debris would be stripped away and leave just a rogue planet.... I can imagine that happening to multiple planets or maybe a strange orbit lines up and pulls the planets away from the star. I'm just going to assume that the universe has done it at some point in time, seeing as how the odds seem to be above zero so it probably has happened at least 10 times.... 😂
Astrum,with this video,you made me ask myself a question.
Since JuMBOs are two or more planets of the size of Jupiter that orbit each other.
I first thought about Charon and Pluto when you said that they were binary,even thought Pluto and Charon aren't planets and aren't of the size of Jupiter.
But,Charon doesn't really orbit Pluto,but rather a point near,the baricenter,in which both of them orbit each other.
I'm kinda confused now.
Would that make Pluto and Charon,a couple of binaries?
I think there might be a different scenario,but still want to ask this.
The way JuMBOs orbit each other (around a common centre of mass) and the way Pluto and Charon orbit each other are the same. I think it is valid to say Pluto and Charon form a binary pair.
To me as a non-astronomer, they are binaries when the centre of mass is outside them both. One orbits the other (not a binary) when the centre of mass is within the radius of the heaviest one. But I'm not an astronomer and I'm not sure my definition is 'right' i.e. generally accepted.
@@Mark_Bridges Thank you so much for answering this!This was kinda a curiosity i had,and I couldn't give myself a true answer.
I'm not an astronomer too,but i'm starting to love astronomy,infact after months of seeing many youtube channels,i thought about buying a telescope.
And one week ago i got one!
Even though,i need to learn how to use it.
I'm still a beginner :)
@@StrawberryLadyzhi, I just wanted to say that I'm so glad for you that you're pursuing your hobbies and wish you keep it up. I also liked astronomy since I was a kid and I wish I had pursued it when I could. Good luck!
@@nogo8989 When I read this comment,my heart literally melt.
Thank you for these kind words.
I had one of the worst periods of my life,i didn't feel great for some months,and now thankfully i am ok!
I am still a teenager,but I know very well what is the best for me,and what is my passion.
I wish you could achieve your dreams,i am currently trying to achieve them,and I know this will be a long journey.
Thank you again.
I hope this hobby will be a path that will lead me to work in a important astronomical and scientific job.
Astronomy helped me a lot,especially in math,a subject i'm starting to like very much.
I kinda feel sad that you couldn't start this hobby unlike me,but I want to remember to you that everything has a beginning,and you can still begin this wonderful hobby!
Hope the best for you.
And I apologise if this is a long message,but I really wanted to tell you this.
Man, Astrum always gives me goosebumps. I watched the videos then started to make my own movies in my head based on it before i sleep
My initial thought is that the methodology for finding JuMBOs might be biasing the results and leading to us finding more of them than usual.
Lots of dark matter or we really don't know how gravity works
there are spots with lots of dark matter and spots with no dark matter. Any dark-matter replacement theory will have to explain why it works in some places but not others! This is why I call the JWST the "mond-killer", it makes it pretty clear the distribution of dark matter is not homogenous...
"When thinking in infinities, 'unlikely' is just certainty waiting for its turn." -Markiplier
Thanks for all your great work
Niiice segue... you really got me thinking a few seconds about using VPN to keep on watching ASTRUM 😅👍
It doesn't really matter how improbable something is when you consider the vastness of space. If it's possible, it's out there somewhere.
The odds are, astronomical!
If it is not impossible then it MUST happen.
Yeah, the scale of the universe is so huge that given enough time anything that can happen will happen at least once.
But mathematicians say numbers above 10 to the 150 is impossible even if the Universe was infinite. The famous typing monkeys simulation came to the conclusion after the simulated monkeys typed 10 to the 100 power that they'll never write a 12 word sentence, let alone a single page of Shakespeare.
@@MountainFisher were those monkeys college graduates or high school dropouts? I stand by my original post.
@@MountainFisherright. It would be something like flipping a quarter and landing on heads 100 trillion times in a row. It's definitely not impossible. But very unlikely to ever happen.
@@justintodd5145 Even higher odds than that. The formation of a properly folded protein by strictly natural processes is impossible. You have 20 left handed amino acids out of about 80 that must hook together 200 times in the proper order and it was recently discovered at the quantum level the electrons spinning down one direction does the hooking.
We cannot do that in a laboratory, but materialists insist it happened by natural processes. Your DNA does it using enzymes. Ought to take Organic Chemistry and find out how many compounds like Insulin are only made by living systems. They used to make insulin from sheep, but now they can transfer the insulin coding DNA into yeast cells to create Insulin. Without Life we cannot make viable Insulin.
that was a devious sponsor psyche out lmao
great video as usual!!!
One thing that makes astronomy really fun is that scientists can really make an acronym just to give an idea.
First time I've heard why planets can't form instead of stars. Nicely done. However. The model your using is only based off a single object. When you have a pair of them. One will be swooshing through the dust being pushed out from the other.
Also, I've always wondered about the 'dust' from a super nova. Shouldn't there be some large chunks in there as well. How big/small can these chunks be?
Good question. The interesting thing about liking space inside and out. It is endless and you will never be done learning about it. Flabbergast at the technology we've built to explore and explain what's up and our there. My mind boggles at what scientists have achieved and put together in the one century. It looks more like a miracle than something we taught ourselves. There's still debates about this question. Regardless we are where we are and moving forward in this field. We might have even be AI at one time and evolved into humans and now we're going back again. This perceived reality we find ourselves in is mind blowing in dimension. The question is, is there any purpose to the size and shape. The conclusion they've come to is that we are a elastic magnetic and will revert back to where it started. Our shot a theorising about this reality is just that, Theory and ✌️☘️
Well done. Love this channel ❤
Wonder what the title will change to this time
Ngl this guy has been getting more and more clickbaity
@Centaurus_L4 yes 🎉Evolution is a known theory 3:37
@@jestermoonwhat’s that got to do with anything?
@@Centaurus_L4 probably just a bot
@@OkuriLucy yeah I can tell by it putting a random party emoji
The universe didnt exist till we started looking at it.
What if what you're saying is actually true???
Read ancient texts like the Ancient Egyptian book of the dead, Mahabharata and others, these state plainly, the ancients had knowledge of the universe.
I love how you say "imagine a game of pool" and show B-roll footage of a snooker table
I was picking my face pretty bad until your channel and the wby files ❤❤ my ptsd been kicking since the knowledge of the many wars going on. But science always makes me feel better
I had never seen your account before, but at the beginning of the ad at the end I was like “EXCUSE ME?!” “UK only?!”😂😂
I love your content. That lil joke about not posting outside the UK had me VERY worried for a second.
I enjoy your videos, thank you.
Love your content, enjoyed this video very much but Dude you got me scared there at the end there lol damn
Wow! This is amazing. Thanks!
I was legit brokenhearted when that ad reel hit! You didn't even have to say Nord, I was on my way to their website, lmao!
I love anything new on James Webb. Obviously, in a Universe with a Trillion or more Galaxies, there are obviously going to be new discoveries as our technology grasp continues to improve. Thanks, Alex for bringing us new Science info.
Yo this is the most fascinating space channel I've ever seen
Extremely fascinating, Alex. The discovery that rogue planets, 9% of which are binaries, may outnumber planets in alien solar systems, is on a par with learning that we owe our very existence to Saturn. Long ago, but for Saturn, Jupiter would have migrated in to a close orbit of the Sun, and while doing so, expelled our 4 rocky planets (including Earth) to wander rogue in interstellar space. The hot-Jupiter systems we have found may have done just that. That is one reason why Saturn is my favorite planet (outside of Earth). The other reason is that Saturn, with it's spectacular rings, is the jewel of the Solar System. While writing this comment, it suddenly occurred to me that perhaps one reason why so many rogue planets are binaries is because they were expelled together from alien systems by alien Jupiters.
So much cool, weird stuff in space and much more yet to be discovered!
Masterful ad transition, my first thought was nord
Your "announcement" at the end made me reach for my own VPN settings. Well played, Alex. 😏
plus point for VPN ad :D didn´t expect that twist!
Well played ad setup lol. I said "wtf?" out loud
Alex, non scherzare più sui tuoi contenuti non visibili nel resto del mondo, sarebbe veramente brutto. I tuoi video sono fantastici
Your sponsor ads are as good as your content : D great video
Wa haha yes you scared me there for a moment. I would really miss your content. Thank gud you were yoking 🤓
That sponsor bit had me buggin for a moment haha really had me worried “Noooo no more Astrum, it can’t be!” Thank god that was a joke I look forward to your videos so much.
My heart dropped when I got to the news at the end and realized it was just a nordvpn ad, just clicked off right then. I applaud him for putting the stupid ad at the end but could’ve cut off a whole minute to just not have it…
I wonder if it’s possible for two or three jumbos orbiting each other close enough can reflect enough heat between them to sustain any type of life. Or cause enough geographical activity from the pull on each other to create unknown, or just more purified rare metals
Alex one more great thing you could add to the channel is to respond to the comments.
It attracts new members to your channel.
I am very sorry to hear that Astr… whew! That was alarming!
This is really interesting and the first time I had heard of the Opacity limit. However its not clear to me then why that doesnt apply in new stars planetary disks? I assume it has something to do with the rocky cores that are believed to be inside planets like Jupiter but more info would be appreciated.