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I did a video that will go up later today or tommorow about Bennu. The phosphate surprise is PHOSPHO lipid membranes and the little blocky things are Sarcomeres...the chemistry is 100% organic and the anatomy is shown exactly what a heart is. I would love to interact my friends?
@@mudfossiluniversity I would be interested in hearing that conversation you guys have. Having the biological makeup/chemistry of life on Earth lining up with what we see Bennu is made of opens new doors to reexamine the objects in space and our entire understanding of the universe. I do not scoff at what this means, as a matter of fact,, I encourage it as we go forward with open minds and not dragged down by standardized accepted ideas that do not explain what's being discovered.
Rafale pilots can experience up to 11G and you take 19-20G if you use an ejector seat. IIRC, someone in a centrifugal withstood about 50G by accident without dying... Air to air missiles like the MICA or the Iris-T are designed for 50G maneuvering
*@Astrum* Feedback: eg. 11:10 The top text, should be moved down a little (in future videos), so UA-cams (stupidly located) title-text, does not cover your own video-text when the video is paused in full-screen mode. That makes it harder to read your video-texts.
Imagine being one of the worlds most successful companies in the field of engineering and sending Phillips head machine screws into space and back, only to be shocked when you strip the heads trying to open it back on earth….
it was pretty shocking to see that they used Phillips screws......in their defense.they were probably made of a super hard titanium alloy and the heating inside the capsule probably exceeded their expectations ......if anyone has a link to published papers on this please post
While as an engineer I don't like the engineer vs mechanic battle, they should have asked a mechanic to design this part. Philips screws??? lol. BTW, only companies that separate engineers and mechanics into different departments experience operational problems. The magic of the old Lockheed Skunkworks was that they where put in one team, communicating and working on the designs together.
A correction: The drogue chute failed to deploy. The main chute did deploy at 9000 feet, avoiding the same fate as the Genesis spacecraft, which hard-landed.
This guy gets _so many_ things wrong on literally every video. I think his scripts are AI-written and he doesn't actually know enough to know they're wrong (or care to double-check the details). Unsubscribe from this waste.
@@TheAechBomb concur. Drogue is the correct term for a small auxiliary chute which is robust enough to deal with excessive drag to lower the velocity enough for the less robust and larger main chute to deploy once the speed it low enough.
I'm glad we're still doing ambitious missions like this. It's always fun to hear about new things in space exploration. It just goes under the radar if you're not actively looking for this type of thing.
Everyone getting excited over Musk's exploding rockets, rediscovering what had been done 70 years ago, while NASA that everyone shits on pulls the real innovation and research
It always amazes me when a rocket takes off from earth with everything it needs to go half way across the solar system, touch an asteroid and return to earth safely. Everything needed is in that one rocket.
@alexpaquette7564 Is it possible that you could be any more condescending with your comment. You must be a rocket scientist as well as an astrophysicist. We all just don't have your intellect.
The research and development that went into screwing one bolt loose the right way is mind boggling. It goes to show not only how complex this artisan part of science is, or science as a whole, but it is also a key point to measure the evolution of our species. Human ingenuity was widely used to progress warfare against each other for millennia, but to use the same level of dedication without killing anyone or anything, or battle an existential threat, is quite new, and it wouldn't exist at all without academic structures and institutions like NASA. Well done, fellow humans, well done.
@@rtqii Well, I am sorry you did, but I guess your academic entities and NASA will come out of this stint pretty much unharmed. You'll find an idiot pretending to run the show more palatable and to your taste very soon, I am sure.
Would have been nice if you had briefly covered the interesting and significant parachute deployment sequence failure. Despite that, it landed extremely close to the dead center of its landing ellipse.
I just want to say from when I discovered your early channel until now, every video you put out Alex has been a quality science showcase with a great to listen to host. Keep it up!
I was at this re-entry event in Dougway Utah and I worked at Lockheed Martin at the time. It was a very exciting event and both of the Astronauts that Boeing trapped on the ISS were there (Buck and Sunny). We discussed the coming findings of the asteroid and the findings of the JWST. I certainly feel like this was a personal event.
Dugway proving grounds I used to mow the lawn around HQ out there and also all of the ditches on the civilian part of the base and a tiny patch of grass next to the heli pad by a fence that had a sign that said "USE OF DEADLY FORCE IS AUTHORIZED". I never bent over to pick up sticks or rocks in that spot opting to just go over everything and ruin the blade on my mower haha. I was 15 at the time and watched way too many movies 😂😂😂
What is absolutely amazing is not really the material. It is that we sent a rocket into space a billion miles, land on a asteroid, take off and then return to earth !! THAT IS AMAZING !!!
That was a great movie, and certainly captured my attention more than this Bennu mission, which is starting to look like it didn't live up to all the original hype.
The tool they made indicated the problem was with the Phillips screw head. They could have used a sterilized impact wrench on day 1. The designers should have used hex head bolts. Obviously, none of the designers had experience servicing a dirt bike.
No one has ever thought of easy outs and a J-Bar prior to this mission apparently. Yet I remember using these things well before this mission was even an idea.
If they had one real man in the meeting regarding how to resolve the stripped screws they could have saved millions NOT inventing a new tool and just using a brain, it’s a joke it got that far, got a guy in the shop that would have resolved that in 15 mins, and kept it sterile.
Expansion on a topic: reentry heat is actually not from friction(but friction is easier to explain/understand), but compression. Once you get above mach3-4, the air doesn't have the time to move aside to cause friction, and instead is compressed into a layer immediately before the vehicle that is so hot it ionizes into plasma, which is the 'fire'. Ablative shields create a layer of gas that pushes the compression layer away by a few millimeters which keeps the vehicle cool. It's kinda wild, really, that we made things that go so fast they don't even push air out of the way, they just light it on fire and keep going.
Just nit picking here, but the heat generated by objects entering earth’s atmosphere is mostly due to air compression, not friction. When an object enters Earth’s atmosphere at high speeds (e.g., a meteor or a spacecraft), it compresses the air in front of it into a shock wave. This rapid compression causes the air to heat up dramatically due to the principles of thermodynamics (compression increases temperature). This superheated air transfers heat to the surface of the object, causing it to become extremely hot. While friction between the object and the air does contribute some heat, it’s a much smaller factor compared to the heat generated by compressed air. This is why the leading edge of the object-where the compression is the greatest-gets the hottest!
4:47 Re-entry heating is NOT from "friction" as stated in the video. The large majority of the heating is from COMPRESSION. The hypersonic capsule is moving faster than the speed of sound. Since sound is only pressure waves, the capsule is travelling faster than its pressure waves can travel outward to push the air out of its path. Because the air ahead of the capsule can't get out of the path of the capsule fast enough, the air is compressed in front of the capsule. All of the volume of air in front of the capsule may not be very hot. But when the heat from the air is concentrated in a small compressed volume in front of the capsule, the temperature of that compressed heat, will be very high. An analogy of this is the sunshine illuminating the ground on a sunny day. Items on the ground do not burst into flame. But if a magnifying glass is used to take the heat from an area the size the magnifying glass, and concentrate that heat into a smaller bright dot on the ground, then there can be fire from that concentrated heat. Re-entry heating is from the heat in the air being concentrated in front of the capsule, because the air molecules can't get out of the way fast enough so they are compressed by the capsule pushing on them.
@@LudwigVaanArthans He didn't chastise them, he made a correction. If anything, your statement is more reason for comments like this to exist. Content creators presenting scientific topics should WANT corrections to be made to their video if they are in error.
Honestly it's kinda funny when you listen to the guy talk about how incredible this was and then oh wait, we stripped out the Phillips head screws. I mean come on. Probably hard to clean the dust out of the head too. That's why they use hex head on cars. At least an Alan head next time Nasa
4:54 Common misconception but friction is not the largest contributor of heating during reentry. It is the large amount of pressure which in turn creates a plasma, that causes the extreme heating of an object reentering from space
For some reason i found it odd that Oxygen atoms are supposedly more abundant than Carbon atoms when Oxygen are atomically heavier than Carbon. I was under the impression that the smaller atoms are more abundant as they are simpler to make and the building blocks for the heavier elements themselves. This video made me research further and i loved the fact these presentations force me to learn so much more and debunk some of my lifelong misconceptions. Love this stuff so much!
We have been able to create organic matter from inorganic compounds for decades already, but it is remarkable that these "building blocks of life" are indeed so common in the universe, without a lab environment. This makes the prospect of life across the cosmos far more likely than we could have thought just in the past century.
It’s not remarkable, it’s chemistry. Anywhere where there are Earth-like conditions (like temperature, pressure, and concentration) the same chemistry will take place.
I think he was referring to the elements. C, N, O, H, P, S etc. They are of course commonplace, but we wanted to see in what form they have come. Atmospheric entry and planet formation would of course rearrange everything.
If we consider the number of stars and galaxies in the observable universe, and add in the abundance of these materials, it is nearly a 100% certainty that there is life somewhere else out there.
Thank you for your wonderful channel with those stunning information together with beautiful animations and real science pictures. Your calm narration rounds it up to a perfect video style. Thank you for your great efforts 🙏❤️👍
Thank you for always being there for me Astrum. Even when my eyes were flooding from tears, your videos helped calm me. I've learned a lot from you over the years. Thank you for everything.
Great video!!! One point if you could clarify. I believe the heat shield gets hot not due to friction (as mentioned around @4:50) but because the vessel is compressing the air ahead of it like a piston in an engine. That heats the air and it's transferred through conduction to the heat shield.
Correct. Compression of a gas heats it. The energy density per unit volume rises as the moving molecules collide more frequently. We use the phenomenon in refrigeration. The gas is compressed, cooled back to room temperature, allowed to expand which makes it cool more.
@@Peter-cx4ir I always assumed that the number of collisions goes up, but that wouldn't increase the heat in itself. Now I think about it, energy is being added to the system by the act of compressing the gas. Presumeably molecules hit the compressing surface and increase their speed (ie kinetic energy). Increasing a molecule's speed is what happens when heating a gas (and vice versa) so the temperature rises. There are probably better explanations on-line but I think this is essentially correct.
Friction is not what causes the majority of the heat experienced by high speed objects entering the atmosphere. The heat is caused by atmospheric compression.
I am continuously impressed by the ballistic calculations that allow these types of missions. This is like hitting a cannonball with a bullet from a hundred miles away while it's moving at 1000fps.
"NASA scientists invented a new tool to gain access to the canister" meanwhile a contracted machinist causally machines a screw extractor using tools from Harbor Freight
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 Spraying metal shavings everywhere? Do you know what a screw-extractor is and how it works, or are you simply confusing the process of manufacturing a screw-extractor with the actual use of said screw-extractor? Because he's not talking about drilling out the screw, and even if he were - there are these wonderful machines that can produce a negative pressure in a very small area and will effectively suck up and contain most, if not all, contaminants that may be released from the screw & screw-hole as it's extracted; we call them vacuums. Furthermore - it's a joke, bub. _ThInK bEfOrE yOu PoSt..._
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 the sample container was still closed, just vacuum away any shavings before proceeding. That machinist also would have not needed three months to do it either.
I just cannot help that we are going to discover some fantastic things in the next 20 years or so and the more we discover the more it will lead to more things...despite the crazy stuff going on on earth..there are some amazing discoveries going to come our way.
during the reentry part you mentioned heat generation due to friction. maybe you just wanted to keep it short and sweet but for anyone interested it is because of the compression of the air infront of the capsule. so the opposite effect alot of people experienced when releasing compressed gas (or something like liquified gases) out of a pressure bottle just a little nitpick i hope you forgive me. great video as always
what a weird and disrespectful way to phrase your comment. explaining the EDL (entry descent and landing) phase of the mission and other intro context is just as important, you might just be watching too much short form content lol.
@@STS-DreamerWe came for the rocks and we didn't get the rocks for 6 minutes he just doesn't want to waste our time and the video is ai generates slop so don't watch it anyway
@@STS-Dreamerthe title is "what they discovered when they opened it up" (paraphrasing), not "Here's a brief history on life, the universe, everything" Stop being offended on behalf of others. You come across as a sniveling worm.
While there is extreme friction, most of the reentry heating is adiabatic compression. Basically, the craft is acting like a piston compressing the atmosphere ahead of it.
8:54 there's your issue - using phillips head is a poor design. Being Canadian, I'd recommend the metric system along with the good ol' robertson drives. ;-)
Agreed. Anytime I open hardware and see Phillip head screws, non self tap, pointy ended screws.... for plastic and wood I want to slap the manufacturer. They strip 90% of the time and the customer always notices.
@@12pentaborane Obviously you didn't see the movie either. It was a SYFY movie with a very very similar mission. Return material from space to earth. And yes it's a joke. We don't have to worry about space microbes when we have the current administration starting a nuclear WW3.
Hey Danny. When an object enters the atmosphere, and the air particles rub against it, what's that called? The object does compress the atmosphere, but since it's moving through the atmosphere, the atmospheric particles also rub against it. I'm pretty sure that's called friction.
32G re-entry is one thing. But you relize that a rigid capsule traveling at only 18 km/h that abruptly stops when it hits the floor (0.1s to decelerate) would experience 50G
It's one thing to say, hear, and think about pre-solar history, but it's another to see an actual sample from a time so long ago. Imagining what planet those little rocks came from is mind-blowing. Billions of years before any life on earth, this material may have been part of an earth-like planet, with all the natural beauty (aside from life, perhaps) but no one to experience it. We are now able to experience it, in a way, so many years later. It is a tangible link to the pre-solar past. To me, it's quite exhilarating!
I don't want to take away from the engineers. The tool they invented is a new tool. It's theory of operation is similar to an existing tool in aviation. We typically call it a Johnson bar screw extractor.
Not a snowballs chance in hell I could get those screws out in 5 minutes without potentially contaminating the asteroid sample inside once it has been removed. The craft reentered the atmosphere and fell to earth, going from the extreme cold of the vacuum of space to extreme amounts of heat would seize those screws but good. The only thing I could think of to get them out guaranteed would be to drill them out, which would leave metal shavings EVERYWHERE. 8 and a half years as an aircraft mechanic, and one thing still rings true; every mechanic I have ever met grossly overestimates their own abilities, and grossly underestimates the abilities of others. Especially engineers.
Time will tell. But anyone (at least those not lying to themselves for political reasons) can see that SpaceX has revolutionized the rocket industry more than Ford's assembly line changed car manufacturing. As for NASA I am not sure there will be a NASA in 10 years. If anything it will be a small research agency that occasionally catches a ride up on a Starship launch. Maybe they can open the airlock and kick it out the door on the way to the Moon or Mars.
No convincing is necessary. Under Obama, nasa literally announced their new mission of "Muslim outreach" Nasa has essentially become a captured institution. Now that elon is highlighting their uselessness, they've started initializing new endeavors. Plus, spacex could accomplish this same mission for 1/10th the cost.
I love all the videos you produce! Thanks for everything! My only wish is you could make more. I could watch for days! Maybe one a day??? Is that too much to ask??? Lol
Judging from the video, the problem screws were Philips head. You'd think that fancy pants NASA engineers would have known that, when you really really really, need to be sure you can get a screw out, hex or Torx is a better choice. 😉
I remember seeing the images of Stardust after it landed. I am so glad this space community was able to learn from the mistakes of Stardust so that this return capsule could succeed.
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I have not watched yet but know what Bennu is and the samples here on earth are biology...Membranes and muscle sarcomeres from a heart.
I did a video that will go up later today or tommorow about Bennu. The phosphate surprise is PHOSPHO lipid membranes and the little blocky things are Sarcomeres...the chemistry is 100% organic and the anatomy is shown exactly what a heart is. I would love to interact my friends?
@@mudfossiluniversity I would be interested in hearing that conversation you guys have. Having the biological makeup/chemistry of life on Earth lining up with what we see Bennu is made of opens new doors to reexamine the objects in space and our entire understanding of the universe. I do not scoff at what this means, as a matter of fact,, I encourage it as we go forward with open minds and not dragged down by standardized accepted ideas that do not explain what's being discovered.
Rafale pilots can experience up to 11G and you take 19-20G if you use an ejector seat. IIRC, someone in a centrifugal withstood about 50G by accident without dying...
Air to air missiles like the MICA or the Iris-T are designed for 50G maneuvering
*@Astrum* Feedback:
eg. 11:10 The top text, should be moved down a little (in future videos), so UA-cams (stupidly located) title-text, does not cover your own video-text when the video is paused in full-screen mode.
That makes it harder to read your video-texts.
Analysis starts at 12:25
A 22 minute video which less than 50% of the video is dedicated to the title. Not cool.
Thank you, I almost missed the analysis because all the wild romantic speculation was annoying.
Thank You.
Not all heroes wear a cape... thank you...
I wish I'd read your comment before I jumped around all over the clip, looking for where the actual information began!
NASA got bonus bag-fries, always appreciated!
Stale, cold, and you gotta pay for the bag😢
"bonus bag-fries" hahahaha
I always say bonus fries 😂
They got the mythical curly fry in the bottom
Never enough wontons though...
Imagine being one of the worlds most successful companies in the field of engineering and sending Phillips head machine screws into space and back, only to be shocked when you strip the heads trying to open it back on earth….
Imagine being the scientist not using the right size.
Imagine being a smartass on the internet and knowing it all.. ah, wait, you don't have to imagine.
@ exactly…. That’s to be expected…. But cmon man just use some torx!!! Or at least a posi drive good god
it was pretty shocking to see that they used Phillips screws......in their defense.they were probably made of a super hard titanium alloy and the heating inside the capsule probably exceeded their expectations ......if anyone has a link to published papers on this please post
While as an engineer I don't like the engineer vs mechanic battle, they should have asked a mechanic to design this part. Philips screws??? lol.
BTW, only companies that separate engineers and mechanics into different departments experience operational problems. The magic of the old Lockheed Skunkworks was that they where put in one team, communicating and working on the designs together.
A correction: The drogue chute failed to deploy. The main chute did deploy at 9000 feet, avoiding the same fate as the Genesis spacecraft, which hard-landed.
Ahh... lithobraking
This guy gets _so many_ things wrong on literally every video. I think his scripts are AI-written and he doesn't actually know enough to know they're wrong (or care to double-check the details). Unsubscribe from this waste.
Drag chute*
@@FelixzWrath82no, drogue chute is the correct term
@@TheAechBomb concur. Drogue is the correct term for a small auxiliary chute which is robust enough to deal with excessive drag to lower the velocity enough for the less robust and larger main chute to deploy once the speed it low enough.
The planning, calculations and engineering that went into this project is incredible!
Truly unbelievable.
@@SpringScapes Yep, only a fool would believe it.
I'm glad we're still doing ambitious missions like this. It's always fun to hear about new things in space exploration. It just goes under the radar if you're not actively looking for this type of thing.
It's over now. They cutting all NASA exploration funding. They will shut down missions that are on the schedule.
Or... Over the radar???
Everyone getting excited over Musk's exploding rockets, rediscovering what had been done 70 years ago, while NASA that everyone shits on pulls the real innovation and research
I personally can't wait until we drop Musk on Mars.
You know... "One small step for a moron, a giant leap for mankind".
Sad the MSM hardly ever cover space or science these days, the dumbing down must stop
It always amazes me when a rocket takes off from earth with everything it needs to go half way across the solar system, touch an asteroid and return to earth safely. Everything needed is in that one rocket.
Dang dude, I just made pretty much the same comment. 😮
What happen to; If it sounds to good to be true?
@@SpringScapes Your failure to understand it doesn't mean it didn't happen.
@SpringScapes you don't understand much of anything about the topic do you?
@alexpaquette7564 Is it possible that you could be any more condescending with your comment. You must be a rocket scientist as well as an astrophysicist. We all just don't have your intellect.
The research and development that went into screwing one bolt loose the right way is mind boggling. It goes to show not only how complex this artisan part of science is, or science as a whole, but it is also a key point to measure the evolution of our species. Human ingenuity was widely used to progress warfare against each other for millennia, but to use the same level of dedication without killing anyone or anything, or battle an existential threat, is quite new, and it wouldn't exist at all without academic structures and institutions like NASA.
Well done, fellow humans, well done.
...and never forget to say free Palestine ✌🍉
@@lordbored2706 For the rare chance that I am not answering to an AI chat bot: What has anything I said to do with your weird take on it!?
@@ancogaming Because we have just elected anti-R&D ideology to DC.
@@rtqii Well, I am sorry you did, but I guess your academic entities and NASA will come out of this stint pretty much unharmed. You'll find an idiot pretending to run the show more palatable and to your taste very soon, I am sure.
@@rtqii Rockwell - Where science gets down to business.
Would have been nice if you had briefly covered the interesting and significant parachute deployment sequence failure. Despite that, it landed extremely close to the dead center of its landing ellipse.
Would have been nice if you did. Please enlighten us
I just want to say from when I discovered your early channel until now, every video you put out Alex has been a quality science showcase with a great to listen to host. Keep it up!
I was at this re-entry event in Dougway Utah and I worked at Lockheed Martin at the time. It was a very exciting event and both of the Astronauts that Boeing trapped on the ISS were there (Buck and Sunny). We discussed the coming findings of the asteroid and the findings of the JWST. I certainly feel like this was a personal event.
🙂
should have something to say
..can't think of anything apt..
but you must've worked hard to find yourself there at that time
I’m sure that was an experience. But what a gross company, now supporting gen*cide in Palestine
How cool to be on the retrieval team and stories to tell your grandchildren 👏🇺🇸
luhKEE!!!
Dugway proving grounds I used to mow the lawn around HQ out there and also all of the ditches on the civilian part of the base and a tiny patch of grass next to the heli pad by a fence that had a sign that said "USE OF DEADLY FORCE IS AUTHORIZED". I never bent over to pick up sticks or rocks in that spot opting to just go over everything and ruin the blade on my mower haha. I was 15 at the time and watched way too many movies 😂😂😂
What is absolutely amazing is not really the material. It is that we sent a rocket into space a billion miles, land on a asteroid, take off and then return to earth !! THAT IS AMAZING !!!
only a fool would believe it.
And land at a pre picked destination
@@kidwave1You don't believe in the abilities of humanity? Sad
Apparently it is not!
8:23 an old mechanic saying. your 10 minute job, is only one broken bolt away from being a 4 hour job
A mechanic would have used torx screws instead of phillips.
I was a 15 year old kid enthralled watching the Apollo program. Now they're landing on asteroids and bringing back samples... its just unbelievable!
And in 100 more years: Gundam 😂
@@TheCrazyCanuck420 I hope I live long enough to see them put men on mars. That would be fun
Totally unbelievable
This remineds me of the original movie called the ANDROMEDA STRAIN. As a kid it scared the Hell out of me. No monster, just a virulent micro-organism.
And the microbe in that story was not even from space really, it was brought down from our upper atmosphere.
That was a great movie, and certainly captured my attention more than this Bennu mission, which is starting to look like it didn't live up to all the original hype.
Stripped screws. The bane of our existence!
That's what they get for using screws instead of hex head bolts.
The tool they made indicated the problem was with the Phillips screw head. They could have used a sterilized impact wrench on day 1. The designers should have used hex head bolts. Obviously, none of the designers had experience servicing a dirt bike.
No one has ever thought of easy outs and a J-Bar prior to this mission apparently. Yet I remember using these things well before this mission was even an idea.
If they had one real man in the meeting regarding how to resolve the stripped screws they could have saved millions NOT inventing a new tool and just using a brain, it’s a joke it got that far, got a guy in the shop that would have resolved that in 15 mins, and kept it sterile.
@@josephescott3263Elon launches rockets and catches them…from scratch…. NASA can’t get a stripped screw off withotu 3 months of r n d ….
Expansion on a topic: reentry heat is actually not from friction(but friction is easier to explain/understand), but compression. Once you get above mach3-4, the air doesn't have the time to move aside to cause friction, and instead is compressed into a layer immediately before the vehicle that is so hot it ionizes into plasma, which is the 'fire'. Ablative shields create a layer of gas that pushes the compression layer away by a few millimeters which keeps the vehicle cool.
It's kinda wild, really, that we made things that go so fast they don't even push air out of the way, they just light it on fire and keep going.
Just nit picking here, but the heat generated by objects entering earth’s atmosphere is mostly due to air compression, not friction.
When an object enters Earth’s atmosphere at high speeds (e.g., a meteor or a spacecraft), it compresses the air in front of it into a shock wave. This rapid compression causes the air to heat up dramatically due to the principles of thermodynamics (compression increases temperature). This superheated air transfers heat to the surface of the object, causing it to become extremely hot.
While friction between the object and the air does contribute some heat, it’s a much smaller factor compared to the heat generated by compressed air. This is why the leading edge of the object-where the compression is the greatest-gets the hottest!
That´s the explanation i got from Neil De Grasse. Good catch there bro
The producers likely wanted to keep the explainations of re-entry simple not to distract from the main message due to time.
That is not nit picking.
I didn't know that, but it makes complete sense. Thanks.
@@rogerroth7782 It´s pretty important detail if you want to re-enter earths atmosphere 😋i do agree
4:47 Re-entry heating is NOT from "friction" as stated in the video. The large majority of the heating is from COMPRESSION.
The hypersonic capsule is moving faster than the speed of sound. Since sound is only pressure waves, the capsule is travelling faster than its pressure waves can travel outward to push the air out of its path. Because the air ahead of the capsule can't get out of the path of the capsule fast enough, the air is compressed in front of the capsule. All of the volume of air in front of the capsule may not be very hot. But when the heat from the air is concentrated in a small compressed volume in front of the capsule, the temperature of that compressed heat, will be very high.
An analogy of this is the sunshine illuminating the ground on a sunny day. Items on the ground do not burst into flame. But if a magnifying glass is used to take the heat from an area the size the magnifying glass, and concentrate that heat into a smaller bright dot on the ground, then there can be fire from that concentrated heat.
Re-entry heating is from the heat in the air being concentrated in front of the capsule, because the air molecules can't get out of the way fast enough so they are compressed by the capsule pushing on them.
"science" UA-cam, brother. Give them a break, they are not scientists, just content creators.
@@LudwigVaanArthans He didn't chastise them, he made a correction. If anything, your statement is more reason for comments like this to exist. Content creators presenting scientific topics should WANT corrections to be made to their video if they are in error.
Not sure if this is true or not. But does friction contribute no heating?
The compression is air molecules moving, so…friction.
@@manielliott9188 aerodynamic heating-caused mostly by compression of the air in front of the object, but also by drag.
Note to self : Avoid using phillips-like screws heads that require axial pressure when you know you dont have means to apply axial pressure. 🙄
They should be outlawed all together
Honestly it's kinda funny when you listen to the guy talk about how incredible this was and then oh wait, we stripped out the Phillips head screws. I mean come on. Probably hard to clean the dust out of the head too. That's why they use hex head on cars. At least an Alan head next time Nasa
@@FTATFnasa isn’t too bright except they are good at wasting tax payer $ to take 3 months for a screw…
And then one night, the Janitor came in with the Wet-n-Dry Vac...
Not far from truth considering how moon rocks were handled
“We are stardust, we are golden, We are billion-year-old carbon, And we’ve got to get ourselves Back to the garden.” David Crosby, 1970
Umm, Joni Mitchell?
@ I stand corrected. Originally written by Joni…
I thought they were going to find a 10mm socket in there when they opened it. That would explain a lot.
"I knew I left it around here somewhere!"
10 mm socket is best comment ^
4:54 Common misconception but friction is not the largest contributor of heating during reentry. It is the large amount of pressure which in turn creates a plasma, that causes the extreme heating of an object reentering from space
The fact that the sample is older than our planet, AND our star is just fascinating!!
its 100 million years younger
It's not older. It's been out there all that time being affected by all kinds of things. It's a current sample.
@ umm, it’s literally older than our star.
@@timradde4328 you... do not understand... how we do the age of things in our universe.
@@BradyHansen81 Asteroid Bennu is 4.5 billion years old, the Sun is 4.6 billion years old, and our Earth is 4.5 billion years old
For some reason i found it odd that Oxygen atoms are supposedly more abundant than Carbon atoms when Oxygen are atomically heavier than Carbon. I was under the impression that the smaller atoms are more abundant as they are simpler to make and the building blocks for the heavier elements themselves. This video made me research further and i loved the fact these presentations force me to learn so much more and debunk some of my lifelong misconceptions. Love this stuff so much!
i thought oxygen was really reactive and didn't hang around on it's own much?
Space is big
b i g
It's the biggest
Impeccable and important observation
True.
Space do in fact be spacious
We have been able to create organic matter from inorganic compounds for decades already, but it is remarkable that these "building blocks of life" are indeed so common in the universe, without a lab environment. This makes the prospect of life across the cosmos far more likely than we could have thought just in the past century.
It’s not remarkable, it’s chemistry. Anywhere where there are Earth-like conditions (like temperature, pressure, and concentration) the same chemistry will take place.
I think he was referring to the elements. C, N, O, H, P, S etc. They are of course commonplace, but we wanted to see in what form they have come. Atmospheric entry and planet formation would of course rearrange everything.
If we consider the number of stars and galaxies in the observable universe, and add in the abundance of these materials, it is nearly a 100% certainty that there is life somewhere else out there.
Who's to say this astroid didn't originate on earth?
@@RJ-s41ty Unlikely.
Great video! Would love for the parts w images and text to be on screen longer though.
Danke!
Thank you for your wonderful channel with those stunning information together with beautiful animations and real science pictures. Your calm narration rounds it up to a perfect video style. Thank you for your great efforts 🙏❤️👍
Fascinating video Alex. Excellent job.
Thank you for always being there for me Astrum. Even when my eyes were flooding from tears, your videos helped calm me. I've learned a lot from you over the years. Thank you for everything.
Nice post. And I feel similarly.
I've been waiting on this one!
Yeah! Thank you!
Great video!!! One point if you could clarify. I believe the heat shield gets hot not due to friction (as mentioned around @4:50) but because the vessel is compressing the air ahead of it like a piston in an engine. That heats the air and it's transferred through conduction to the heat shield.
So why does compression heat the air? ;)
Correct. Compression of a gas heats it. The energy density per unit volume rises as the moving molecules collide more frequently.
We use the phenomenon in refrigeration. The gas is compressed, cooled back to room temperature, allowed to expand which makes it cool more.
@@alanG3806 but what about compression makes it heat up
@@Peter-cx4ir I always assumed that the number of collisions goes up, but that wouldn't increase the heat in itself. Now I think about it, energy is being added to the system by the act of compressing the gas. Presumeably molecules hit the compressing surface and increase their speed (ie kinetic energy). Increasing a molecule's speed is what happens when heating a gas (and vice versa) so the temperature rises. There are probably better explanations on-line but I think this is essentially correct.
@@alanG3806 friction;)
Great video! your exposition was very effective at maintaining my interest throughout.
I dont think you need 7 paid advertisements for a 15 minute video.
There's ads in the video?
Numerous ads, mostly phishing ads.
firefox + ublock origin = no ads. it isn't complicated.
Friction is not what causes the majority of the heat experienced by high speed objects entering the atmosphere. The heat is caused by atmospheric compression.
I am continuously impressed by the ballistic calculations that allow these types of missions. This is like hitting a cannonball with a bullet from a hundred miles away while it's moving at 1000fps.
Math is a hell of a thing
"NASA scientists invented a new tool to gain access to the canister" meanwhile a contracted machinist causally machines a screw extractor using tools from Harbor Freight
Which might introduce dirt or metal chips to the sample, compromising the entire mission.
Is it not Harbor Freight Tools?
Because they don't ruin a hundred million dollar project by spraying metal shavings everywhere.... think before you post...
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 Spraying metal shavings everywhere? Do you know what a screw-extractor is and how it works, or are you simply confusing the process of manufacturing a screw-extractor with the actual use of said screw-extractor? Because he's not talking about drilling out the screw, and even if he were - there are these wonderful machines that can produce a negative pressure in a very small area and will effectively suck up and contain most, if not all, contaminants that may be released from the screw & screw-hole as it's extracted; we call them vacuums. Furthermore - it's a joke, bub. _ThInK bEfOrE yOu PoSt..._
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 the sample container was still closed, just vacuum away any shavings before proceeding. That machinist also would have not needed three months to do it either.
Yes! ASTRUM! This video is what I've been eagerly waiting for.
nobody cares.
@@sumdumbmick I do.
NASA: We invented a new tool to remove stripped screws!
Also NASA: We designed the cover with Phillips screws...that are famous for stripping.
Also nasa…can’t make a rocket that flies
18:46 Stargate SG-1 fans recoil in horror as Alex pronounces it "Apop-phis"... 🤣
Anyone with a smattering of knowledge of Egyptian mythology :(
It made me kree inside!
Comments seem to be very important to UA-camrs, so I’m moved to make one which is a bit unusual.
I simply want to say “love your work”
It’s not friction that causes reentry heat. It is the air in front of the capsule being compressed into a plasma.
Close. The friction of the capsule going through the air produces the heat that creates the plasma.
So confidently wrong. Smart ass.
I just cannot help that we are going to discover some fantastic things in the next 20 years or so and the more we discover the more it will lead to more things...despite the crazy stuff going on on earth..there are some amazing discoveries going to come our way.
That would only happen if the USA stops investing in weapons and profiting from wars... because at that rate, there will be no USA...
I think were close to discovering the man behind the curtain in a simulated reality.
And what is learned will be forgotten by the next Chive video someone wastes time watching.
I hate that the clickbaity world we live in has prompted UA-camrs to expand two minutes of content to take up 23 minute... But here we are.
i think its actually because watchtime is rewarded by the algorithm
@@zachmoyer1849 Yes, which in turn, has given us this clickbaity world.
@@tsilb the clickbait world has been here the whole time, paying by views is always going to incentivize that.
I saw that before
That’s why you watch this channel at 1.75x speed. Only way to not get bored or fall asleep to his voice.
during the reentry part you mentioned heat generation due to friction. maybe you just wanted to keep it short and sweet but for anyone interested it is because of the compression of the air infront of the capsule. so the opposite effect alot of people experienced when releasing compressed gas (or something like liquified gases) out of a pressure bottle
just a little nitpick i hope you forgive me. great video as always
One of my favourite videos you’ve ever made. Absolutely beautiful!
Fantastic work
it is not mainly friction that heats up the capsule, it is mainly heated because of compressing the air.
Imagine that tiny nudge that OSIRIS-REX gave Bennu during sample collection was enough to give it a trajectory change to actually impact Earth.
Doh!
Amazing Video and science. Thank you for making :)
1.16 billion dollars for 4.29 ounce's... Almost 38 million pre ounce. Given the circumstances, that isn't too bad and pretty freaking impressive!
Is that street value ?! I’d like to get into some of that stuff 😂
380m FFS.
I wondered what happened to this! Thank you.
Video starts at 6:20
Thanks!
what a weird and disrespectful way to phrase your comment. explaining the EDL (entry descent and landing) phase of the mission and other intro context is just as important, you might just be watching too much short form content lol.
@@STS-DreamerWe came for the rocks and we didn't get the rocks for 6 minutes he just doesn't want to waste our time and the video is ai generates slop so don't watch it anyway
@@STS-Dreamerthe title is "what they discovered when they opened it up" (paraphrasing), not "Here's a brief history on life, the universe, everything"
Stop being offended on behalf of others. You come across as a sniveling worm.
Excellent! Informative and entertaining.
Couldn't we left the probe on Apophis, so it can hitchhike a ride? Thanks for the video Astrum!
Nah, Apophis was salty after we killed Ra. nit a good idea to leave our probe there
While there is extreme friction, most of the reentry heating is adiabatic compression. Basically, the craft is acting like a piston compressing the atmosphere ahead of it.
My dumbass saw the thumb and thought they found nuts inside the asteroid 🤣
Yeah, that made me chuckle.😂
No nuts on this flight.
Did you really though or are you just kidding
Secret Squirrel program
I always knew the first life we'd discover in space would be nuts
Haha I did the same.
WOW, I feel like I just watched a NOVA video! Well done! Brilliant!
That voice sounds very familiar...Great Job! So interesting!
This mission was so Kerbal it's sick.
I hear "DELVE" in the script and I'm immediately like... "Wait, is Alex letting ChatGPT do the writing now?" 🤨
The first two minutes can be skipped without missing important content and will save two minutes of valuable time.
Phillips head screws stripped out and required a special tool to remove them. What a surprise.
Hell, I can hardly stand 1 G when I stand up lol. 32 is incredible
Imagine being the guy w his arms in those gloves stripping the screw like a bumbaclot lol
8:54 there's your issue - using phillips head is a poor design. Being Canadian, I'd recommend the metric system along with the good ol' robertson drives. ;-)
Philip's screws work just fine.
Agreed. Anytime I open hardware and see Phillip head screws, non self tap, pointy ended screws.... for plastic and wood I want to slap the manufacturer. They strip 90% of the time and the customer always notices.
Torx are so much better. Even more so when dirt is involved.
Not surprising they stripped a Phillips head screw.
So much expense and research, just to cheap out and use Philips...
Saw several other comments disputing this and verrified visually in the video myself, they used something called Torq-set, not Phillips.
Maybe Bennu is one of some remnants of a large scale impact that hit Earth in its early life and this is some of the ejection of that event?
Phillips screws strike again 🤣
Seriously why were those used at all? You could see much superior allen screws being used in other parts of the assembly.
@@zerrodefex Same reason why Fahrenheit exists. :)
We should have attached a couple of go pros on it and collect the data as it comes close to us again.
Incredible!
Alex, you're awesome. Continue with these great videos.
Didn't anyone from NASA watch the Andromeda Strain? You're gonna kill us all.
LOL
Is this a joke?
@@12pentaborane Obviously you didn't see the movie either. It was a SYFY movie with a very very similar mission. Return material from space to earth. And yes it's a joke. We don't have to worry about space microbes when we have the current administration starting a nuclear WW3.
That was a military experiment.
Thank you for this 👍🏻
I love astrum ❤
Thanks for keeping it real, Astrum.
Not friction. Misconception. It compresses the air in front of it at entry, that is what creates the heat.
Still technically friction right? Air molecules being tightly packed together?
@@artstudent1237Yep, but smartasses like Danny like to be confidently incorrect and think they know more than everyone else.
Hey Danny. When an object enters the atmosphere, and the air particles rub against it, what's that called?
The object does compress the atmosphere, but since it's moving through the atmosphere, the atmospheric particles also rub against it. I'm pretty sure that's called friction.
32G re-entry is one thing. But you relize that a rigid capsule traveling at only 18 km/h that abruptly stops when it hits the floor (0.1s to decelerate) would experience 50G
5:00 No: it's not "extreme friction", it's the ram pressure.
Which causes molecules to bounce to each other causing………. ;)
this Osiris mission got me really emotional
and the brilliant videos here on Astrum about the mission,
amazing
thankyou so much..
Free Palestine David ✌🍉
Thank you for this information!
Fascinating video!
I have never been this early to an Astrum video. But it will have to wait until I go to bed :D
It's one thing to say, hear, and think about pre-solar history, but it's another to see an actual sample from a time so long ago. Imagining what planet those little rocks came from is mind-blowing. Billions of years before any life on earth, this material may have been part of an earth-like planet, with all the natural beauty (aside from life, perhaps) but no one to experience it. We are now able to experience it, in a way, so many years later. It is a tangible link to the pre-solar past. To me, it's quite exhilarating!
the heat is not friction, it is from compressing the air so it becomes plasma
4:50 The main component to reentry heating is not friction but increased pressure under the vessel.
I don't want to take away from the engineers. The tool they invented is a new tool. It's theory of operation is similar to an existing tool in aviation. We typically call it a Johnson bar screw extractor.
Ironic that a Johnson bar was reinvented by and used at the Johnson Space Center. 🧐
Was thinking the same thing.
Sounds like a typical Friday night at Cockford Ollie
Your average mechanic could've got those screws out in 5 mins for only $30 a hour.
Your average mechanic doesn’t work in a clean room
@@Wurtoz9643a room an average mechanic has walked through can never be clean again
@Wurtoz9643 yeah unfortunately for tax payers. They should replace a couple of the redundant overpaid engineers with a couple.
The fact NASA will not say how much cost for that screwdriver you just know it was 7 figures LOL.
Not a snowballs chance in hell I could get those screws out in 5 minutes without potentially contaminating the asteroid sample inside once it has been removed. The craft reentered the atmosphere and fell to earth, going from the extreme cold of the vacuum of space to extreme amounts of heat would seize those screws but good. The only thing I could think of to get them out guaranteed would be to drill them out, which would leave metal shavings EVERYWHERE. 8 and a half years as an aircraft mechanic, and one thing still rings true; every mechanic I have ever met grossly overestimates their own abilities, and grossly underestimates the abilities of others. Especially engineers.
Would be good to have links or a playlist for the other videos
Meanwhile the Musk bros are in every game's global chat trying to convince everyone that "NASA hasn't done anything lately".
This mission launched more than 8 years ago
It's true though: NASA hasn't blown up any rockets in, like, forever! 😝
Hey, let's work on perfecting a technique that we don't need before researching space, ok guys? 😂
Time will tell. But anyone (at least those not lying to themselves for political reasons) can see that SpaceX has revolutionized the rocket industry more than Ford's assembly line changed car manufacturing. As for NASA I am not sure there will be a NASA in 10 years. If anything it will be a small research agency that occasionally catches a ride up on a Starship launch. Maybe they can open the airlock and kick it out the door on the way to the Moon or Mars.
No convincing is necessary.
Under Obama, nasa literally announced their new mission of "Muslim outreach"
Nasa has essentially become a captured institution. Now that elon is highlighting their uselessness, they've started initializing new endeavors.
Plus, spacex could accomplish this same mission for 1/10th the cost.
You have such a great voice Astrum, it's always a pleasure to hear you narrate. GG!
NASA spends 45 million dollars to "invent" new tools to remove stripped screws, that every auto mechanic has in his tool box for $24.99.
I was waiting for that one. Thankyou Alex.
I love all the videos you produce! Thanks for everything! My only wish is you could make more. I could watch for days! Maybe one a day??? Is that too much to ask??? Lol
Judging from the video, the problem screws were Philips head. You'd think that fancy pants NASA engineers would have known that, when you really really really, need to be sure you can get a screw out, hex or Torx is a better choice. 😉
@@SkyWriter25 10 million dollars later is when they figure this one out.
I remember seeing the images of Stardust after it landed. I am so glad this space community was able to learn from the mistakes of Stardust so that this return capsule could succeed.
So half the video is actually the video
Which half lol