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I did a video that will go up later today or tommorow about Bennu. The phosphate surprise is PHOSPHO lipid membranes and the little blocky things are Sarcomeres...the chemistry is 100% organic and the anatomy is shown exactly what a heart is. I would love to interact my friends?
@@mudfossiluniversity I would be interested in hearing that conversation you guys have. Having the biological makeup/chemistry of life on Earth lining up with what we see Bennu is made of opens new doors to reexamine the objects in space and our entire understanding of the universe. I do not scoff at what this means, as a matter of fact,, I encourage it as we go forward with open minds and not dragged down by standardized accepted ideas that do not explain what's being discovered.
Rafale pilots can experience up to 11G and you take 19-20G if you use an ejector seat. IIRC, someone in a centrifugal withstood about 50G by accident without dying... Air to air missiles like the MICA or the Iris-T are designed for 50G maneuvering
*@Astrum* Feedback: eg. 11:10 The top text, should be moved down a little (in future videos), so UA-cams (stupidly located) title-text, does not cover your own video-text when the video is paused in full-screen mode. That makes it harder to read your video-texts.
While I appreciate the enthusiasm for exploring the history of the solar system, I think it’s important to clarify a point about how we talk about objects like asteroid Bennu. Referring to it as a “glimpse into the past” can be misleading. What we’re actually observing is the asteroid as it exists now, shaped by millions of years of radiation, impacts, and other cosmic conditions. It’s not a perfect snapshot of a specific moment in the past but rather a product of ongoing processes that have influenced it over time. While Bennu may contain materials that date back to the early solar system, it’s essential to recognize that the asteroid’s current state is the result of a dynamic environment. Assumptions about it being a direct window into the past can oversimplify the complexities of what we’re seeing today. We should be careful not to make the assumption that everything we see is as it was millions of years ago.
@@kruks It’s not skepticism. It’s basic reasoning. All I’m saying is it’s illogical to look at something that has existed for orders of magnitude longer than humans and make the assumption that over these millions of years nothing has changed, especially in a solar system as active as our own. We have no way to verify that claim. We’ve only been really scientifically looking at the solar system for a tiny fraction of that time. What do we actually know about it other than what we have directly observed or have been able to model? Calling it a “window into the past” isn’t a very nuanced way of describing it, because it makes the assumption that nothing is or has recently affected it in any meaningful way. Doing science based on assumptions leads to dogma and can stifle scientific inquiry. When you don’t know the answer to something, it’s better to just say you don’t know, rather than to just fill in the blanks with assumptions.
Science is sensational. How else do you people to throw away billions in tax dollars on such vast scales to peer at rock, dust and gas in places far, far away?
A correction: The drogue chute failed to deploy. The main chute did deploy at 9000 feet, avoiding the same fate as the Genesis spacecraft, which hard-landed.
This guy gets _so many_ things wrong on literally every video. I think his scripts are AI-written and he doesn't actually know enough to know they're wrong (or care to double-check the details). Unsubscribe from this waste.
Imagine being one of the worlds most successful companies in the field of engineering and sending Phillips head machine screws into space and back, only to be shocked when you strip the heads trying to open it back on earth….
it was pretty shocking to see that they used Phillips screws......in their defense.they were probably made of a super hard titanium alloy and the heating inside the capsule probably exceeded their expectations ......if anyone has a link to published papers on this please post
While as an engineer I don't like the engineer vs mechanic battle, they should have asked a mechanic to design this part. Philips screws??? lol. BTW, only companies that separate engineers and mechanics into different departments experience operational problems. The magic of the old Lockheed Skunkworks was that they where put in one team, communicating and working on the designs together.
I'm glad we're still doing ambitious missions like this. It's always fun to hear about new things in space exploration. It just goes under the radar if you're not actively looking for this type of thing.
Everyone getting excited over Musk's exploding rockets, rediscovering what had been done 70 years ago, while NASA that everyone shits on pulls the real innovation and research
It always amazes me when a rocket takes off from earth with everything it needs to go half way across the solar system, touch an asteroid and return to earth safely. Everything needed is in that one rocket.
The research and development that went into screwing one bolt loose the right way is mind boggling. It goes to show not only how complex this artisan part of science is, or science as a whole, but it is also a key point to measure the evolution of our species. Human ingenuity was widely used to progress warfare against each other for millennia, but to use the same level of dedication without killing anyone or anything, or battle an existential threat, is quite new, and it wouldn't exist at all without academic structures and institutions like NASA. Well done, fellow humans, well done.
@@rtqii Well, I am sorry you did, but I guess your academic entities and NASA will come out of this stint pretty much unharmed. You'll find an idiot pretending to run the show more palatable and to your taste very soon, I am sure.
Would have been nice if you had briefly covered the interesting and significant parachute deployment sequence failure. Despite that, it landed extremely close to the dead center of its landing ellipse.
I was at this re-entry event in Dougway Utah and I worked at Lockheed Martin at the time. It was a very exciting event and both of the Astronauts that Boeing trapped on the ISS were there (Buck and Sunny). We discussed the coming findings of the asteroid and the findings of the JWST. I certainly feel like this was a personal event.
Dugway proving grounds I used to mow the lawn around HQ out there and also all of the ditches on the civilian part of the base and a tiny patch of grass next to the heli pad by a fence that had a sign that said "USE OF DEADLY FORCE IS AUTHORIZED". I never bent over to pick up sticks or rocks in that spot opting to just go over everything and ruin the blade on my mower haha. I was 15 at the time and watched way too many movies 😂😂😂
4:47 Re-entry heating is NOT from "friction" as stated in the video. The large majority of the heating is from COMPRESSION. The hypersonic capsule is moving faster than the speed of sound. Since sound is only pressure waves, the capsule is travelling faster than its pressure waves can travel outward to push the air out of its path. Because the air ahead of the capsule can't get out of the path of the capsule fast enough, the air is compressed in front of the capsule. All of the volume of air in front of the capsule may not be very hot. But when the heat from the air is concentrated in a small compressed volume in front of the capsule, the temperature of that compressed heat, will be very high. An analogy of this is the sunshine illuminating the ground on a sunny day. Items on the ground do not burst into flame. But if a magnifying glass is used to take the heat from an area the size the magnifying glass, and concentrate that heat into a smaller bright dot on the ground, then there can be fire from that concentrated heat. Re-entry heating is from the heat in the air being concentrated in front of the capsule, because the air molecules can't get out of the way fast enough so they are compressed by the capsule pushing on them.
@@LudwigVaanArthans He didn't chastise them, he made a correction. If anything, your statement is more reason for comments like this to exist. Content creators presenting scientific topics should WANT corrections to be made to their video if they are in error.
We have been able to create organic matter from inorganic compounds for decades already, but it is remarkable that these "building blocks of life" are indeed so common in the universe, without a lab environment. This makes the prospect of life across the cosmos far more likely than we could have thought just in the past century.
It’s not remarkable, it’s chemistry. Anywhere where there are Earth-like conditions (like temperature, pressure, and concentration) the same chemistry will take place.
I think he was referring to the elements. C, N, O, H, P, S etc. They are of course commonplace, but we wanted to see in what form they have come. Atmospheric entry and planet formation would of course rearrange everything.
For some reason i found it odd that Oxygen atoms are supposedly more abundant than Carbon atoms when Oxygen are atomically heavier than Carbon. I was under the impression that the smaller atoms are more abundant as they are simpler to make and the building blocks for the heavier elements themselves. This video made me research further and i loved the fact these presentations force me to learn so much more and debunk some of my lifelong misconceptions. Love this stuff so much!
What is absolutely amazing is not really the material. It is that we sent a rocket into space a billion miles, land on a asteroid, take off and then return to earth !! THAT IS AMAZING !!!
The tool they made indicated the problem was with the Phillips screw head. They could have used a sterilized impact wrench on day 1. The designers should have used hex head bolts. Obviously, none of the designers had experience servicing a dirt bike.
"NASA scientists invented a new tool to gain access to the canister" meanwhile a contracted machinist causally machines a screw extractor using tools from Harbor Freight
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 Spraying metal shavings everywhere? Do you know what a screw-extractor is and how it works, or are you simply confusing the process of manufacturing a screw-extractor with the actual use of said screw-extractor? Because he's not talking about drilling out the screw, and even if he were - there are these wonderful machines that can produce a negative pressure in a very small area and will effectively suck up and contain most, if not all, contaminants that may be released from the screw & screw-hole as it's extracted; we call them vacuums. Furthermore - it's a joke, bub. _ThInK bEfOrE yOu PoSt..._
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 the sample container was still closed, just vacuum away any shavings before proceeding. That machinist also would have not needed three months to do it either.
Great video!!! One point if you could clarify. I believe the heat shield gets hot not due to friction (as mentioned around @4:50) but because the vessel is compressing the air ahead of it like a piston in an engine. That heats the air and it's transferred through conduction to the heat shield.
during the reentry part you mentioned heat generation due to friction. maybe you just wanted to keep it short and sweet but for anyone interested it is because of the compression of the air infront of the capsule. so the opposite effect alot of people experienced when releasing compressed gas (or something like liquified gases) out of a pressure bottle just a little nitpick i hope you forgive me. great video as always
I just want to say from when I discovered your early channel until now, every video you put out Alex has been a quality science showcase with a great to listen to host. Keep it up!
Thank you for always being there for me Astrum. Even when my eyes were flooding from tears, your videos helped calm me. I've learned a lot from you over the years. Thank you for everything.
Any time I feel down for any reason, thinking about space helps put life in context. Our lives as humans, valued and dignified as they are, are also so very small. All of human existence is little more than a flash in the pan in astronomic terms. Presolar grains?! Rocks older than Sol?! If that isn't enough to inspire wonder and awe, then I don't know what would.
I just cannot help that we are going to discover some fantastic things in the next 20 years or so and the more we discover the more it will lead to more things...despite the crazy stuff going on on earth..there are some amazing discoveries going to come our way.
what a weird and disrespectful way to phrase your comment. explaining the EDL (entry descent and landing) phase of the mission and other intro context is just as important, you might just be watching too much short form content lol.
@@STS-DreamerWe came for the rocks and we didn't get the rocks for 6 minutes he just doesn't want to waste our time and the video is ai generates slop so don't watch it anyway
@@STS-Dreamerthe title is "what they discovered when they opened it up" (paraphrasing), not "Here's a brief history on life, the universe, everything" Stop being offended on behalf of others. You come across as a sniveling worm.
Thank you for your wonderful channel with those stunning information together with beautiful animations and real science pictures. Your calm narration rounds it up to a perfect video style. Thank you for your great efforts 🙏❤️👍
I am trying to imagine how those chemichal components evevolve for billions of years into inteligent species who make a soffisticated space mission to an asteroid to study their own origins. (sorry for my bad english). That was an amazing video. THANK YOU 🥇
4:54 Common misconception but friction is not the largest contributor of heating during reentry. It is the large amount of pressure which in turn creates a plasma, that causes the extreme heating of an object reentering from space
Hey Danny. When an object enters the atmosphere, and the air particles rub against it, what's that called? The object does compress the atmosphere, but since it's moving through the atmosphere, the atmospheric particles also rub against it. I'm pretty sure that's called friction.
I am continuously impressed by the ballistic calculations that allow these types of missions. This is like hitting a cannonball with a bullet from a hundred miles away while it's moving at 1000fps.
@@12pentaborane Obviously you didn't see the movie either. It was a SYFY movie with a very very similar mission. Return material from space to earth. And yes it's a joke. We don't have to worry about space microbes when we have the current administration starting a nuclear WW3.
It's one thing to say, hear, and think about pre-solar history, but it's another to see an actual sample from a time so long ago. Imagining what planet those little rocks came from is mind-blowing. Billions of years before any life on earth, this material may have been part of an earth-like planet, with all the natural beauty (aside from life, perhaps) but no one to experience it. We are now able to experience it, in a way, so many years later. It is a tangible link to the pre-solar past. To me, it's quite exhilarating!
I don't want to take away from the engineers. The tool they invented is a new tool. It's theory of operation is similar to an existing tool in aviation. We typically call it a Johnson bar screw extractor.
8:54 there's your issue - using phillips head is a poor design. Being Canadian, I'd recommend the metric system along with the good ol' robertson drives. ;-)
Agreed. Anytime I open hardware and see Phillip head screws, non self tap, pointy ended screws.... for plastic and wood I want to slap the manufacturer. They strip 90% of the time and the customer always notices.
Alex thanks for another such beautiful and inspiring video! Will you post errata in the description, such as air compression being the main cause of atmospheric reentry heating, and that the drogue parachute failed?
Not a snowballs chance in hell I could get those screws out in 5 minutes without potentially contaminating the asteroid sample inside once it has been removed. The craft reentered the atmosphere and fell to earth, going from the extreme cold of the vacuum of space to extreme amounts of heat would seize those screws but good. The only thing I could think of to get them out guaranteed would be to drill them out, which would leave metal shavings EVERYWHERE. 8 and a half years as an aircraft mechanic, and one thing still rings true; every mechanic I have ever met grossly overestimates their own abilities, and grossly underestimates the abilities of others. Especially engineers.
I wonder if a small part of the clean room procedure is also to prevent the people being contaminated (rather than only the other way around). Not that it’s likely but it must’ve crossed their minds right?
Any idea how long it takes to become really good at a game like Diablo and get your name so high up on leaderboards? A lot more free time than I have, that’s for sure, and I’m not even running any companies.
Time will tell. But anyone (at least those not lying to themselves for political reasons) can see that SpaceX has revolutionized the rocket industry more than Ford's assembly line changed car manufacturing. As for NASA I am not sure there will be a NASA in 10 years. If anything it will be a small research agency that occasionally catches a ride up on a Starship launch. Maybe they can open the airlock and kick it out the door on the way to the Moon or Mars.
It does not "experiments intense friction": *it gets hot because on those hypersonic speeds air can not get out of the front suffering compression without time to expand or lose heat in other way, its is called adiabatic compression; this is what heats the objects at reentry, not friction*.
32G re-entry is one thing. But you relize that a rigid capsule traveling at only 18 km/h that abruptly stops when it hits the floor (0.1s to decelerate) would experience 50G
Judging from the video, the problem screws were Philips head. You'd think that fancy pants NASA engineers would have known that, when you really really really, need to be sure you can get a screw out, hex or Torx is a better choice. 😉
4:48 isn't it true that the heating due to friction is actually pretty low, and that most reentry heating is due to compression of the atmospheric gases beneath the spacecraft?
@@waymonstoltz5001 - Wow, I wasn't expecting to get any pushback on this comment! Addressing yours first, if a reaction consumes more energy than it produces, it doesn't "eventually" die, it never gets started as a sustained process. When the "ash" in a star's core reaches all-iron, the fire goes out, the photon pressure ceases and the core collapses; what we call a Type I supernova. To the others, the creation of elements heavier than iron in a supernova is called nucleogenesis. Technically, fusion is one form of nucleogenesis, but these others consume energy rather than generating it.
Thanks for another great video it's amazing what people can do when they're trying to destroy each other, maybe one day we will learn to live with each other. Have a wonderful weekend and PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.
Rentry heating is not due to friction, it is due to compression of the air in front of the craft. This compression heats the air so much that it strips the electrons off the air molecules creating plasma, which is hotter than the surface of the sun. 35 g’s is no joke.
The Murchison meteorite found in Australia is another interesting sample. It's a carbonaceous condrite, a stony meteorite with spherical inclusions of carbon. A scientist named Cyril Ponamperuma examined samples from the condrites and identified amino acids. Amino acids have a spiral structure and amino acids found on Earth all have a left handed thread, the amino acids from Murchison were 50-50 left and right hand thread. I wonder if the same is true for Bennu samples.
Yeah basically of course they could use like a fusion cutter or TNT to open it and even collect the sample afterward, but that would require exposure to oxygen and heat and garbage that would make it difficult to learn things with the same certainty. And it cost a lot of money to get it. So theres a big incentive to demonstrate that they can adapt and get the maximum benefit out of the expense.
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I have not watched yet but know what Bennu is and the samples here on earth are biology...Membranes and muscle sarcomeres from a heart.
I did a video that will go up later today or tommorow about Bennu. The phosphate surprise is PHOSPHO lipid membranes and the little blocky things are Sarcomeres...the chemistry is 100% organic and the anatomy is shown exactly what a heart is. I would love to interact my friends?
@@mudfossiluniversity I would be interested in hearing that conversation you guys have. Having the biological makeup/chemistry of life on Earth lining up with what we see Bennu is made of opens new doors to reexamine the objects in space and our entire understanding of the universe. I do not scoff at what this means, as a matter of fact,, I encourage it as we go forward with open minds and not dragged down by standardized accepted ideas that do not explain what's being discovered.
Rafale pilots can experience up to 11G and you take 19-20G if you use an ejector seat. IIRC, someone in a centrifugal withstood about 50G by accident without dying...
Air to air missiles like the MICA or the Iris-T are designed for 50G maneuvering
*@Astrum* Feedback:
eg. 11:10 The top text, should be moved down a little (in future videos), so UA-cams (stupidly located) title-text, does not cover your own video-text when the video is paused in full-screen mode.
That makes it harder to read your video-texts.
While I appreciate the enthusiasm for exploring the history of the solar system, I think it’s important to clarify a point about how we talk about objects like asteroid Bennu. Referring to it as a “glimpse into the past” can be misleading. What we’re actually observing is the asteroid as it exists now, shaped by millions of years of radiation, impacts, and other cosmic conditions. It’s not a perfect snapshot of a specific moment in the past but rather a product of ongoing processes that have influenced it over time.
While Bennu may contain materials that date back to the early solar system, it’s essential to recognize that the asteroid’s current state is the result of a dynamic environment. Assumptions about it being a direct window into the past can oversimplify the complexities of what we’re seeing today. We should be careful not to make the assumption that everything we see is as it was millions of years ago.
Thank you, I was wondering about exactly this issue. 😊
I understand your skepticism, but do you have any data of what Bennu has withstood or what asteroids similar to Bennu have withstood?
@@kruks It’s not skepticism. It’s basic reasoning. All I’m saying is it’s illogical to look at something that has existed for orders of magnitude longer than humans and make the assumption that over these millions of years nothing has changed, especially in a solar system as active as our own. We have no way to verify that claim. We’ve only been really scientifically looking at the solar system for a tiny fraction of that time. What do we actually know about it other than what we have directly observed or have been able to model? Calling it a “window into the past” isn’t a very nuanced way of describing it, because it makes the assumption that nothing is or has recently affected it in any meaningful way. Doing science based on assumptions leads to dogma and can stifle scientific inquiry. When you don’t know the answer to something, it’s better to just say you don’t know, rather than to just fill in the blanks with assumptions.
@@kruks If it's true that the asteroid was ejected from a larger asteroid or planet only a billion or two years ago, that's a big example right there.
Science is sensational. How else do you people to throw away billions in tax dollars on such vast scales to peer at rock, dust and gas in places far, far away?
NASA got bonus bag-fries, always appreciated!
Stale, cold, and you gotta pay for the bag😢
"bonus bag-fries" hahahaha
A correction: The drogue chute failed to deploy. The main chute did deploy at 9000 feet, avoiding the same fate as the Genesis spacecraft, which hard-landed.
Must have been a rather violent deceleration then.
Ahh... lithobraking
This guy gets _so many_ things wrong on literally every video. I think his scripts are AI-written and he doesn't actually know enough to know they're wrong (or care to double-check the details). Unsubscribe from this waste.
Drag chute*
@@FelixzWrath82no, drogue chute is the correct term
Imagine being one of the worlds most successful companies in the field of engineering and sending Phillips head machine screws into space and back, only to be shocked when you strip the heads trying to open it back on earth….
Imagine being the scientist not using the right size.
Imagine being a smartass on the internet and knowing it all.. ah, wait, you don't have to imagine.
@ exactly…. That’s to be expected…. But cmon man just use some torx!!! Or at least a posi drive good god
it was pretty shocking to see that they used Phillips screws......in their defense.they were probably made of a super hard titanium alloy and the heating inside the capsule probably exceeded their expectations ......if anyone has a link to published papers on this please post
While as an engineer I don't like the engineer vs mechanic battle, they should have asked a mechanic to design this part. Philips screws??? lol.
BTW, only companies that separate engineers and mechanics into different departments experience operational problems. The magic of the old Lockheed Skunkworks was that they where put in one team, communicating and working on the designs together.
I'm glad we're still doing ambitious missions like this. It's always fun to hear about new things in space exploration. It just goes under the radar if you're not actively looking for this type of thing.
It's over now. They cutting all NASA exploration funding. They will shut down missions that are on the schedule.
Or... Over the radar???
Everyone getting excited over Musk's exploding rockets, rediscovering what had been done 70 years ago, while NASA that everyone shits on pulls the real innovation and research
I personally can't wait until we drop Musk on Mars.
You know... "One small step for a moron, a giant leap for mankind".
Sad the MSM hardly ever cover space or science these days, the dumbing down must stop
It always amazes me when a rocket takes off from earth with everything it needs to go half way across the solar system, touch an asteroid and return to earth safely. Everything needed is in that one rocket.
Dang dude, I just made pretty much the same comment. 😮
The research and development that went into screwing one bolt loose the right way is mind boggling. It goes to show not only how complex this artisan part of science is, or science as a whole, but it is also a key point to measure the evolution of our species. Human ingenuity was widely used to progress warfare against each other for millennia, but to use the same level of dedication without killing anyone or anything, or battle an existential threat, is quite new, and it wouldn't exist at all without academic structures and institutions like NASA.
Well done, fellow humans, well done.
...and never forget to say free Palestine ✌🍉
@@lordbored2706 For the rare chance that I am not answering to an AI chat bot: What has anything I said to do with your weird take on it!?
@@ancogaming Because we have just elected anti-R&D ideology to DC.
@@rtqii Well, I am sorry you did, but I guess your academic entities and NASA will come out of this stint pretty much unharmed. You'll find an idiot pretending to run the show more palatable and to your taste very soon, I am sure.
@@rtqii Rockwell - Where science gets down to business.
I was a 15 year old kid enthralled watching the Apollo program. Now they're landing on asteroids and bringing back samples... its just unbelievable!
Analysis starts at 12:25
A 22 minute video which less than 50% of the video is dedicated to the title. Not cool.
Would have been nice if you had briefly covered the interesting and significant parachute deployment sequence failure. Despite that, it landed extremely close to the dead center of its landing ellipse.
Would have been nice if you did. Please enlighten us
I was at this re-entry event in Dougway Utah and I worked at Lockheed Martin at the time. It was a very exciting event and both of the Astronauts that Boeing trapped on the ISS were there (Buck and Sunny). We discussed the coming findings of the asteroid and the findings of the JWST. I certainly feel like this was a personal event.
🙂
should have something to say
..can't think of anything apt..
but you must've worked hard to find yourself there at that time
I’m sure that was an experience. But what a gross company, now supporting gen*cide in Palestine
How cool to be on the retrieval team and stories to tell your grandchildren 👏🇺🇸
luhKEE!!!
Dugway proving grounds I used to mow the lawn around HQ out there and also all of the ditches on the civilian part of the base and a tiny patch of grass next to the heli pad by a fence that had a sign that said "USE OF DEADLY FORCE IS AUTHORIZED". I never bent over to pick up sticks or rocks in that spot opting to just go over everything and ruin the blade on my mower haha. I was 15 at the time and watched way too many movies 😂😂😂
4:47 Re-entry heating is NOT from "friction" as stated in the video. The large majority of the heating is from COMPRESSION.
The hypersonic capsule is moving faster than the speed of sound. Since sound is only pressure waves, the capsule is travelling faster than its pressure waves can travel outward to push the air out of its path. Because the air ahead of the capsule can't get out of the path of the capsule fast enough, the air is compressed in front of the capsule. All of the volume of air in front of the capsule may not be very hot. But when the heat from the air is concentrated in a small compressed volume in front of the capsule, the temperature of that compressed heat, will be very high.
An analogy of this is the sunshine illuminating the ground on a sunny day. Items on the ground do not burst into flame. But if a magnifying glass is used to take the heat from an area the size the magnifying glass, and concentrate that heat into a smaller bright dot on the ground, then there can be fire from that concentrated heat.
Re-entry heating is from the heat in the air being concentrated in front of the capsule, because the air molecules can't get out of the way fast enough so they are compressed by the capsule pushing on them.
"science" UA-cam, brother. Give them a break, they are not scientists, just content creators.
@@LudwigVaanArthans He didn't chastise them, he made a correction. If anything, your statement is more reason for comments like this to exist. Content creators presenting scientific topics should WANT corrections to be made to their video if they are in error.
Not sure if this is true or not. But does friction contribute no heating?
The compression is air molecules moving, so…friction.
@@manielliott9188 aerodynamic heating-caused mostly by compression of the air in front of the object, but also by drag.
We have been able to create organic matter from inorganic compounds for decades already, but it is remarkable that these "building blocks of life" are indeed so common in the universe, without a lab environment. This makes the prospect of life across the cosmos far more likely than we could have thought just in the past century.
It’s not remarkable, it’s chemistry. Anywhere where there are Earth-like conditions (like temperature, pressure, and concentration) the same chemistry will take place.
I think he was referring to the elements. C, N, O, H, P, S etc. They are of course commonplace, but we wanted to see in what form they have come. Atmospheric entry and planet formation would of course rearrange everything.
The planning, calculations and engineering that went into this project is incredible!
I thought they were going to find a 10mm socket in there when they opened it. That would explain a lot.
"I knew I left it around here somewhere!"
10 mm socket is best comment ^
And then one night, the Janitor came in with the Wet-n-Dry Vac...
This remineds me of the original movie called the ANDROMEDA STRAIN. As a kid it scared the Hell out of me. No monster, just a virulent micro-organism.
And the microbe in that story was not even from space really, it was brought down from our upper atmosphere.
For some reason i found it odd that Oxygen atoms are supposedly more abundant than Carbon atoms when Oxygen are atomically heavier than Carbon. I was under the impression that the smaller atoms are more abundant as they are simpler to make and the building blocks for the heavier elements themselves. This video made me research further and i loved the fact these presentations force me to learn so much more and debunk some of my lifelong misconceptions. Love this stuff so much!
i thought oxygen was really reactive and didn't hang around on it's own much?
What is absolutely amazing is not really the material. It is that we sent a rocket into space a billion miles, land on a asteroid, take off and then return to earth !! THAT IS AMAZING !!!
Stripped screws. The bane of our existence!
That's what they get for using screws instead of hex head bolts.
The tool they made indicated the problem was with the Phillips screw head. They could have used a sterilized impact wrench on day 1. The designers should have used hex head bolts. Obviously, none of the designers had experience servicing a dirt bike.
Space is big
Biiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiig
b i g
It's the biggest
Impeccable and important observation
True.
"NASA scientists invented a new tool to gain access to the canister" meanwhile a contracted machinist causally machines a screw extractor using tools from Harbor Freight
Which might introduce dirt or metal chips to the sample, compromising the entire mission.
Is it not Harbor Freight Tools?
Because they don't ruin a hundred million dollar project by spraying metal shavings everywhere.... think before you post...
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 Spraying metal shavings everywhere? Do you know what a screw-extractor is and how it works, or are you simply confusing the process of manufacturing a screw-extractor with the actual use of said screw-extractor? Because he's not talking about drilling out the screw, and even if he were - there are these wonderful machines that can produce a negative pressure in a very small area and will effectively suck up and contain most, if not all, contaminants that may be released from the screw & screw-hole as it's extracted; we call them vacuums. Furthermore - it's a joke, bub. _ThInK bEfOrE yOu PoSt..._
@@googleyoutubechannel8554 the sample container was still closed, just vacuum away any shavings before proceeding. That machinist also would have not needed three months to do it either.
18:46 Stargate SG-1 fans recoil in horror as Alex pronounces it "Apop-phis"... 🤣
Anyone with a smattering of knowledge of Egyptian mythology :(
It made me kree inside!
I hate that the clickbaity world we live in has prompted UA-camrs to expand two minutes of content to take up 23 minute... But here we are.
i think its actually because watchtime is rewarded by the algorithm
@@zachmoyer1849 Yes, which in turn, has given us this clickbaity world.
@@tsilb the clickbait world has been here the whole time, paying by views is always going to incentivize that.
I saw that before
That’s why you watch this channel at 1.75x speed. Only way to not get bored or fall asleep to his voice.
8:23 an old mechanic saying. your 10 minute job, is only one broken bolt away from being a 4 hour job
Comments seem to be very important to UA-camrs, so I’m moved to make one which is a bit unusual.
I simply want to say “love your work”
Great video!!! One point if you could clarify. I believe the heat shield gets hot not due to friction (as mentioned around @4:50) but because the vessel is compressing the air ahead of it like a piston in an engine. That heats the air and it's transferred through conduction to the heat shield.
So why does compression heat the air? ;)
during the reentry part you mentioned heat generation due to friction. maybe you just wanted to keep it short and sweet but for anyone interested it is because of the compression of the air infront of the capsule. so the opposite effect alot of people experienced when releasing compressed gas (or something like liquified gases) out of a pressure bottle
just a little nitpick i hope you forgive me. great video as always
The fact that the sample is older than our planet, AND our star is just fascinating!!
its 100 million years younger
It's not older. It's been out there all that time being affected by all kinds of things. It's a current sample.
@ umm, it’s literally older than our star.
@@timradde4328 you... do not understand... how we do the age of things in our universe.
@@BradyHansen81 Asteroid Bennu is 4.5 billion years old, the Sun is 4.6 billion years old, and our Earth is 4.5 billion years old
I just want to say from when I discovered your early channel until now, every video you put out Alex has been a quality science showcase with a great to listen to host. Keep it up!
Imagine that tiny nudge that OSIRIS-REX gave Bennu during sample collection was enough to give it a trajectory change to actually impact Earth.
"No matter where you go, there you are."
Thank you for always being there for me Astrum. Even when my eyes were flooding from tears, your videos helped calm me. I've learned a lot from you over the years. Thank you for everything.
Nice post. And I feel similarly.
Any time I feel down for any reason, thinking about space helps put life in context. Our lives as humans, valued and dignified as they are, are also so very small. All of human existence is little more than a flash in the pan in astronomic terms. Presolar grains?! Rocks older than Sol?! If that isn't enough to inspire wonder and awe, then I don't know what would.
I dont think you need 7 paid advertisements for a 15 minute video.
I just cannot help that we are going to discover some fantastic things in the next 20 years or so and the more we discover the more it will lead to more things...despite the crazy stuff going on on earth..there are some amazing discoveries going to come our way.
That would only happen if the USA stops investing in weapons and profiting from wars... because at that rate, there will be no USA...
I think were close to discovering the man behind the curtain in a simulated reality.
And what is learned will be forgotten by the next Chive video someone wastes time watching.
My dumbass saw the thumb and thought they found nuts inside the asteroid 🤣
Yeah, that made me chuckle.😂
No nuts on this flight.
Did you really though or are you just kidding
Secret Squirrel program
I always knew the first life we'd discover in space would be nuts
Haha I did the same.
It’s not friction that causes reentry heat. It is the air in front of the capsule being compressed into a plasma.
Close. The friction of the capsule going through the air produces the heat that creates the plasma.
So confidently wrong. Smart ass.
Video starts at 6:20
Thanks!
what a weird and disrespectful way to phrase your comment. explaining the EDL (entry descent and landing) phase of the mission and other intro context is just as important, you might just be watching too much short form content lol.
@@STS-DreamerWe came for the rocks and we didn't get the rocks for 6 minutes he just doesn't want to waste our time and the video is ai generates slop so don't watch it anyway
@@STS-Dreamerthe title is "what they discovered when they opened it up" (paraphrasing), not "Here's a brief history on life, the universe, everything"
Stop being offended on behalf of others. You come across as a sniveling worm.
Thank you for your wonderful channel with those stunning information together with beautiful animations and real science pictures. Your calm narration rounds it up to a perfect video style. Thank you for your great efforts 🙏❤️👍
Yes! ASTRUM! This video is what I've been eagerly waiting for.
nobody cares.
@@sumdumbmick I do.
I am trying to imagine how those chemichal components evevolve for billions of years into inteligent species who make a soffisticated space mission to an asteroid to study their own origins. (sorry for my bad english). That was an amazing video. THANK YOU 🥇
Couldn't we left the probe on Apophis, so it can hitchhike a ride? Thanks for the video Astrum!
Nah, Apophis was salty after we killed Ra. nit a good idea to leave our probe there
4:54 Common misconception but friction is not the largest contributor of heating during reentry. It is the large amount of pressure which in turn creates a plasma, that causes the extreme heating of an object reentering from space
Not friction. Misconception. It compresses the air in front of it at entry, that is what creates the heat.
Still technically friction right? Air molecules being tightly packed together?
@@artstudent1237Yep, but smartasses like Danny like to be confidently incorrect and think they know more than everyone else.
Hey Danny. When an object enters the atmosphere, and the air particles rub against it, what's that called?
The object does compress the atmosphere, but since it's moving through the atmosphere, the atmospheric particles also rub against it. I'm pretty sure that's called friction.
I am continuously impressed by the ballistic calculations that allow these types of missions. This is like hitting a cannonball with a bullet from a hundred miles away while it's moving at 1000fps.
Math is a hell of a thing
I've been waiting on this one!
Yeah! Thank you!
There has got to be life in the oceans of Europa!
Imagine the fishing!
@@friendlyone2706hahaha hadn’t thought of that!
Great video! your exposition was very effective at maintaining my interest throughout.
This mission was so Kerbal it's sick.
If you can't open the sample canister, just let it re-enter the atmosphere again without deploying the parachute. It has been done successfully.
Fantastic work
One of my favourite videos you’ve ever made. Absolutely beautiful!
Didn't anyone from NASA watch the Andromeda Strain? You're gonna kill us all.
LOL
Is this a joke?
@@12pentaborane Obviously you didn't see the movie either. It was a SYFY movie with a very very similar mission. Return material from space to earth. And yes it's a joke. We don't have to worry about space microbes when we have the current administration starting a nuclear WW3.
That was a military experiment.
The first two minutes can be skipped without missing important content and will save two minutes of valuable time.
Not surprising they stripped a Phillips head screw.
So much expense and research, just to cheap out and use Philips...
Saw several other comments disputing this and verrified visually in the video myself, they used something called Torq-set, not Phillips.
Great video! Would love for the parts w images and text to be on screen longer though.
Hell, I can hardly stand 1 G when I stand up lol. 32 is incredible
It's one thing to say, hear, and think about pre-solar history, but it's another to see an actual sample from a time so long ago. Imagining what planet those little rocks came from is mind-blowing. Billions of years before any life on earth, this material may have been part of an earth-like planet, with all the natural beauty (aside from life, perhaps) but no one to experience it. We are now able to experience it, in a way, so many years later. It is a tangible link to the pre-solar past. To me, it's quite exhilarating!
I don't want to take away from the engineers. The tool they invented is a new tool. It's theory of operation is similar to an existing tool in aviation. We typically call it a Johnson bar screw extractor.
Ironic that a Johnson bar was reinvented by and used at the Johnson Space Center. 🧐
Was thinking the same thing.
Sounds like a typical Friday night at Cockford Ollie
it is not mainly friction that heats up the capsule, it is mainly heated because of compressing the air.
8:54 there's your issue - using phillips head is a poor design. Being Canadian, I'd recommend the metric system along with the good ol' robertson drives. ;-)
Philip's screws work just fine.
Agreed. Anytime I open hardware and see Phillip head screws, non self tap, pointy ended screws.... for plastic and wood I want to slap the manufacturer. They strip 90% of the time and the customer always notices.
Torx are so much better. Even more so when dirt is involved.
Can we give a HUGE shoutout to whoever came up with the most badass-sounding NASA mission name of all time?
Incredible!
1.16 billion dollars for 4.29 ounce's... Almost 38 million pre ounce. Given the circumstances, that isn't too bad and pretty freaking impressive!
Is that street value ?! I’d like to get into some of that stuff 😂
380m FFS.
I have never been this early to an Astrum video. But it will have to wait until I go to bed :D
NASA: We invented a new tool to remove stripped screws!
Also NASA: We designed the cover with Phillips screws...that are famous for stripping.
Phillips screws strike again 🤣
Seriously why were those used at all? You could see much superior allen screws being used in other parts of the assembly.
@@zerrodefex Same reason why Fahrenheit exists. :)
Alex thanks for another such beautiful and inspiring video!
Will you post errata in the description, such as air compression being the main cause of atmospheric reentry heating, and that the drogue parachute failed?
Your average mechanic could've got those screws out in 5 mins for only $30 a hour.
Your average mechanic doesn’t work in a clean room
@@Wurtoz9643a room an average mechanic has walked through can never be clean again
@Wurtoz9643 yeah unfortunately for tax payers. They should replace a couple of the redundant overpaid engineers with a couple.
The fact NASA will not say how much cost for that screwdriver you just know it was 7 figures LOL.
Not a snowballs chance in hell I could get those screws out in 5 minutes without potentially contaminating the asteroid sample inside once it has been removed. The craft reentered the atmosphere and fell to earth, going from the extreme cold of the vacuum of space to extreme amounts of heat would seize those screws but good. The only thing I could think of to get them out guaranteed would be to drill them out, which would leave metal shavings EVERYWHERE. 8 and a half years as an aircraft mechanic, and one thing still rings true; every mechanic I have ever met grossly overestimates their own abilities, and grossly underestimates the abilities of others. Especially engineers.
I wonder if a small part of the clean room procedure is also to prevent the people being contaminated (rather than only the other way around). Not that it’s likely but it must’ve crossed their minds right?
Both contamination are handled at the same time
I love astrum ❤
this Osiris mission got me really emotional
and the brilliant videos here on Astrum about the mission,
amazing
thankyou so much..
Free Palestine David ✌🍉
Thank you for this information!
Note to self : Avoid using phillips-like screws heads that require axial pressure when you know you dont have means to apply axial pressure. 🙄
Meanwhile the Musk bros are in every game's global chat trying to convince everyone that "NASA hasn't done anything lately".
Any idea how long it takes to become really good at a game like Diablo and get your name so high up on leaderboards? A lot more free time than I have, that’s for sure, and I’m not even running any companies.
This mission launched more than 8 years ago
It's true though: NASA hasn't blown up any rockets in, like, forever! 😝
Hey, let's work on perfecting a technique that we don't need before researching space, ok guys? 😂
Time will tell. But anyone (at least those not lying to themselves for political reasons) can see that SpaceX has revolutionized the rocket industry more than Ford's assembly line changed car manufacturing. As for NASA I am not sure there will be a NASA in 10 years. If anything it will be a small research agency that occasionally catches a ride up on a Starship launch. Maybe they can open the airlock and kick it out the door on the way to the Moon or Mars.
It does not "experiments intense friction": *it gets hot because on those hypersonic speeds air can not get out of the front suffering compression without time to expand or lose heat in other way, its is called adiabatic compression; this is what heats the objects at reentry, not friction*.
5:00 No: it's not "extreme friction", it's the ram pressure.
Which causes molecules to bounce to each other causing………. ;)
32G re-entry is one thing. But you relize that a rigid capsule traveling at only 18 km/h that abruptly stops when it hits the floor (0.1s to decelerate) would experience 50G
Judging from the video, the problem screws were Philips head. You'd think that fancy pants NASA engineers would have known that, when you really really really, need to be sure you can get a screw out, hex or Torx is a better choice. 😉
@@SkyWriter25 10 million dollars later is when they figure this one out.
Excellent! Informative and entertaining.
4:48 isn't it true that the heating due to friction is actually pretty low, and that most reentry heating is due to compression of the atmospheric gases beneath the spacecraft?
Thanks for keeping it real, Astrum.
I have not watched yet but know what Bennu is and the samples here on earth are biology...Membranes and muscle sarcomeres from a heart.
I want wat ur smoking
Man high quality Oled screens are incredible for space videos.
30 second answer. 22 mins of filler. Weak.
Actually, the first "drogue" parachute had failed. It was a miracle the capsule survive with its main parachute, it was nearly lost.
This channel puts so much unnecessary fluff and irrelevant information into its script to pad out the runtime. I find it extremely irritating.
Is this the first asteroid sample we’ve taken?
They found the sample covered in cosmic cat hair? The cosmic cat being the one to knock Bennu from the Asteroid Belt.
Cats are amazing
LOL Cats are amazing
You have such a great voice Astrum, it's always a pleasure to hear you narrate. GG!
11:36 No matter how big a star is, it can't fuse iron.
Thats true but during their supernova, they can!
Supermassive stars CAN fuse iron, it's just that fusing iron uses more energy than it gives off which means the star will eventually die
During star death + supernova, all naturally-existing elements have the opportunity to be made.
@@waymonstoltz5001 - Wow, I wasn't expecting to get any pushback on this comment! Addressing yours first, if a reaction consumes more energy than it produces, it doesn't "eventually" die, it never gets started as a sustained process. When the "ash" in a star's core reaches all-iron, the fire goes out, the photon pressure ceases and the core collapses; what we call a Type I supernova.
To the others, the creation of elements heavier than iron in a supernova is called nucleogenesis. Technically, fusion is one form of nucleogenesis, but these others consume energy rather than generating it.
Thanks for another great video it's amazing what people can do when they're trying to destroy each other, maybe one day we will learn to live with each other. Have a wonderful weekend and PEACE AND LOVE TO EVERYONE ❤❤.
The heat on re-entry is not caused by friction. It’s caused by compression.
Rentry heating is not due to friction, it is due to compression of the air in front of the craft. This compression heats the air so much that it strips the electrons off the air molecules creating plasma, which is hotter than the surface of the sun. 35 g’s is no joke.
So, still friction.
Confidently incorrect, smartasses.
4:50 The main component to reentry heating is not friction but increased pressure under the vessel.
It's not friction that produces the heat, it's the compression of the gas
The Murchison meteorite found in Australia is another interesting sample. It's a carbonaceous condrite, a stony meteorite with spherical inclusions of carbon. A scientist named Cyril Ponamperuma examined samples from the condrites and identified amino acids. Amino acids have a spiral structure and amino acids found on Earth all have a left handed thread, the amino acids from Murchison were 50-50 left and right hand thread. I wonder if the same is true for Bennu samples.
Yeah basically of course they could use like a fusion cutter or TNT to open it and even collect the sample afterward, but that would require exposure to oxygen and heat and garbage that would make it difficult to learn things with the same certainty.
And it cost a lot of money to get it. So theres a big incentive to demonstrate that they can adapt and get the maximum benefit out of the expense.