Symptoms and Treatment of Conversion Disorder -- Psychology in Easier Languages by Nirmalya Saha

Conversion Disorder, also known as Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder, is a mental health condition where a person experiences neurological symptoms that can’t be explained by medical or neurological conditions. These symptoms are real and can significantly impair daily functioning. Here’s an overview of its symptoms and treatment options:
Symptoms
The symptoms of Conversion Disorder can vary widely but commonly include:
1. **Motor Symptoms**:
- **Weakness**: Partial or complete loss of strength in a limb.
- **Paralysis**: Loss of voluntary movement in a limb.
- **Abnormal gait**: Difficulty walking or an unusual walking pattern.
- **Tremors or abnormal movements**: Uncontrolled movements or shaking.
2. **Sensory Symptoms**:
- **Loss of sensation**: Numbness or reduced ability to feel touch or pain in a part of the body.
- **Visual disturbances**: Double vision or blindness not attributable to a medical condition.
- **Hearing loss**: Partial or complete loss of hearing without a medical cause.
3. **Non-epileptic Seizures**:
- **Seizure-like episodes**: Events that resemble epileptic seizures but without abnormal brain activity.
4. **Speech Difficulties**:
- **Mute or slurred speech**: Inability to speak or speak clearly without an underlying medical condition.
Treatment
Treatment for Conversion Disorder typically involves a combination of approaches:
1. **Psychotherapy**:
- **Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)**: Helps patients understand and change thought patterns and behaviors contributing to their symptoms.
- **Psychodynamic Therapy**: Explores underlying psychological conflicts and their manifestations in physical symptoms.
- **Physical Therapy**: Assists in improving physical function and managing motor symptoms.
2. **Medications**:
- There are no specific medications for Conversion Disorder itself, but medications may be prescribed for associated conditions like anxiety or depression.
3. **Education and Support**:
- Educating the patient and their family about the disorder and how it affects the body and mind can be beneficial.
- Support groups or counseling can provide emotional support and help patients cope with their condition.
4. **Multidisciplinary Approach**:
- Collaboration among healthcare providers, including neurologists, psychiatrists, and physical therapists, can be helpful in managing symptoms and improving overall functioning.
5. **Addressing Underlying Issues**:
- Identifying and addressing any underlying psychological stressors or trauma that may be contributing to the disorder is crucial for effective treatment.
The effectiveness of treatment varies, and managing Conversion Disorder often requires patience and a tailored approach to each individual’s needs. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of Conversion Disorder, it’s important to seek help from a healthcare professional for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management.