Me: I'm passionate about the space and science. I love how the language of math can elegantly describe the beauty of the Universe. PBS Space Time: Saggitarius has a snack followed by a burp, to make bubbles.
It just occurred to me the role Matt (and others like him) serve. Imagine if (or remember when) Matt wasn't on UA-cam and we had to be told about these things from.... journalists. Those brilliant people who accurately convey the latest developments in various fields. Like Carl Sagan and Neil Tyson, Matt is in a prestigious line of knowledgeable scientists with the skill of communication. He bridges the gap between working scientists and lay people like us. He's our "journalist" with his finger on the pulse of the latest goings on. And he KNOWS WHAT HE'S TALKING ABOUT. *I* may not always know what he's talking about, but I can have faith that HE does. Unlike when the news tries to tell us something. Thank you Matt!
Thats why I always think when someone says they really dislike Neil degrasse Tyson because he speaks too much etc, or not doing enough research, I think we are lucky we have these science communicators. They are immensely important. Matt, Carl Sagan, Neil, they reach a huge amount of people, conveying the previous scientific research results to the people all over the world, making kids interested in science and probably kickstart many science careers. It's amazing that science communicators these days can have a "rockstar status". People love them. And they have an important positive impact!
in a matter of speaking, Matt is playing the role of a journalist. Just a very well informed one, with a devoted team of people there to help him research and write out the script.
@@viliml2763 and he is hilariously wrong on many occasions, desperately nitpicky in others. he is the communicator for the low IQ masses. comparisons are really easy to make when you watch him present together with other scientists.
Really, please don't use the term "journalist," especially in the context of real scientific news and info. Nowdays, "journalist" leaves a bad taste in the mouth for me. A journalist working in a news networks, magazine and such tend to be either slightly distorted/leave things out, to fully blatantly off-base, whether it be due to being motivated for selling papers/increase viewership to just uninformed idiocy due to stupidity or just wilful ignorance of the facts. People like these gives the title "journalst" a bad name. OTOH, people like Neil, Matt, Carl and others are what I'd term the ideal journalist, in that they can (usually! *occasionally nudges Tyson*) convey difficult concepts in a way that can be comprehended by anyone with a least a modicum of intelligence and patience. They're those with great skills in Presentation, Communication and Explanation. Final Note, even Carl Sagan wont be able to make the most willfull dummies see the light too. And I think he's probably the best as it gets. Miss the great Mr. "Billions upon Billions upon Billions" Cosmos. His death in 1996 was a great loss to the world.
@Belagerungsmörser the Sheep and there's always that one guy. let me fix that for you, his videos are always longer than 10min so that he can monetize them and make money off of them, so he makes them long on purpose.
"Which actually makes Earth a Taurus, which explains so much." This is why I like this channel. Never too serious they can't enjoy the funny side of thing. Always so detailed your head gains some angular momentum. Brilliant!
Consider this: If Sagittarius A got active again 10,000 years ago, we'd still be 16,000 years away from realizing. Unless we develop superluminal means of observation or travel first, that is.
I kinda think FTL communications is more useful than transport at this point. If we could communicate with operations on Mars in real time then we could build a small outpost city entirely by remote without landing a single human being there.
Also, "[getting] active" isn't such an instant process; we'd see the signs starting, probably enough in advance of any serious action that we'd know about it before it really starts in earnest
@H D Aye, you got the concept of "the burden of proof" the wrong way around. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof, beit from religion to conspiracy theories. And besides: the only good Simulation Theory I know is the album by Muse ;-p
@@Lord_RFAS I agree, "and besides," that Muse album is interesting. Gives me "Bladerunner" vibes looking at the album cover and listening to it. With a touch of Tron and cyberpunk feel too. Cool!
@@verixcvoin1432 the universe is finite but expanding, but the scope of how large it is is incomprehensible... there is a 99.9% chance there is something else out there, that some other galaxy has the conditions to harbour life, but even so its completely unrelated to the original comment
This channel and this dude especially explains things in such a basic way, that someone with zero experience in astronomy or any other branch of "space science" for that matter, will easily understand what is being described and explained. I love it.
"The Mandalorian famously pioneered the use of video walls as backdrops to replace rear projection and chromakey. Now that ILM's done all that hard"development work, the tech is spreading to other TV shows. Clearly, to allow you to properly appear standing in front of the floating spacetime effect and keep up with the competition, PBS is obligated to buy you a wall-sized video display for your apartment. I have spoken.
I feel like I need to watch the these 10 times back to back videos to understand them properly. The sad part, I can’t do that, since someone always finds a way to bother me
Earth could be a torus, if we get the earth spinning fast enough that it begins to overcome its internal gravity but not fast enough that it tears itself apart.
It always amazes me how we can explore the center of a star or some of the most extreme places in the universe by using instruments while STAYING HOME :). So even in a pandemic we can still explore the universe.
@@spyrex3988 My point was that being a UA-camr is a job where people go to a studio to film, when it used to all be from home and it has returned to that
@@spyrex3988 in this day in age many youtubers don't produce at home anymore. The big ones have studios since... Let me guess RayWilliamJohnson and that's... 10-7 years ago? Now they have to work from home, because a studio ain't for one person to manage
The picture showed, with the bubbles, is the equivalent of looking at our galaxy, from 1 trillion light years away, from with in the Local Area Void. Wish we had more information on the area, our little galaxy is sitting in.
@@paulthomas963 I just mean the terminology seems weird-the Milky Way is a galaxy, not a galactic nucleus. I suppose “AGN” could be shorthand for “galaxy with an AGN” by synecdoche. That sort of thing always bothers me but probably because I spend too much time writing code.
Thank you Matt and everyone at PBS Digital Studios for keeping space time going right now! Although according to the anthropic principle we can only be living in a universe where space time persists through a global pandemic
I have questions. 1. Will have all the minor/ mini black holes merge in our Milky Way Galaxy. Will that Also add to the formation of the FermiBubble. 2. Why are all the black holes in our galaxy holes not merging ? If their Gravity is that strong, why are they attracting each other ? 3. Concerning S2 star that circle Sag A*, just how long will its lose its mass when is the nearest “food source” to it ? 4. Around 2030, a cloud of gas will feed Sag A*, will we have a front seat row to see the light bursting out ? Or is all still X ray radiation
It was a 1200+ mass star that exploded, and the two bubbles were brightly visible from earth a long time ago before it reached 100,000 lt yr width, or about 25,000 years ago. The height is currently 50k either way n/s but highly diffused and scattered and lower in brightness and intensity due to m/e collision, not a few million years ago.
14:49 It's the other way around. Uranium 235 has a shorter half life (a few hundred million year) than the half life of uranium 238 (a few billion years).
First a disclaimer: I love astrophysics. But now to my point: I really couldn't be an astrophysicist... All they get is terribly noisy data and then they have to make models, calculate probabilities, and redefine their models until they finally reach their desired 42 sigma. It doesn’t change the huge uncertainties of the original data, but the maths checks out, so they need to be content. I would hate that. I love clean data, and I love the conclusions you can get from them. But astrophysics seldomly has than luxury. I really would love to be an astrophysicist. But I can’t ;)
Can you guys make a chart of the order of watching your videos? A lot of your videos build up on previous ones so having a chart to follow would be nice. Kinda like Avengers cinematic universe chronological order :3
They have a few playlists that are in the correct order for each topic. Black Holes, Quantum Field Theory, Dark Matter & Dark Energy for example, along with a few other topics.
No one may see this. But it seems Neil deGrasse Tyson keeps interrupting Matt O'Dowd in his radio show. So just closed that video. I feel pbs space time is one of the very few which goes beyond the basics and tries to keep people updated about cosmology. You are awesome yo
"In the Fermi Bubbles, gamma rays are generated by a high-energy process known as Inverse Compton Scattering. Now that's pretty clear from the shape of the spectrum alone." Yep, that's very clear. I'm surprised you've even talked about it.
Our planet seems to have a lot of heavy metals in the core that can not be fused by a star .... so at some point somewhere there was a neutron star, quasar, magnetar that fused it.
I've read that scientists sometimes detect the reflection of an outburst after the outburst happened when it's reflected from a reflective nebula. Is it possible that we could see such an echo from this rather recent outburst or would it be too faint?
@@KohuGaly The milky way is only 100,000 ly across, so it would be possible! There is even a class of objects that are gas clouds that are getting hit by radiation from a from a former active galaxy. They also have my favorite name ever: Voorwerpjes en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanny%27s_Voorwerp
@@KohuGaly Yes, but since our observations cover only a thousand years if you're feeling really generous, being able to expand that range to a 50 or a 100 times is already pretty neat.
Wait. Just wait. In the next hundred to 500 years we will have a way to utilize these forces, and observe past time. Oh wait, you and I won't live that long, sorry.
A neutron walks into a church. The pastor asks him "Do you believe in a god?". He says "I'm agnostic". The pastor says "What if I showed you irrefutable evidence that there is?". He says "I just couldn't be positive...". The pastor says "What if I showed you irrefutable evidence that there isn't?". He says "Even then, I couldn't be negative...".
As soon as we hit theory 2, a thought started nagging at me. 1 doesn't work, 2 doesn't work; me: why not both? That's when you know you're thinking like a physicist *\o/*
accelerated processing of the heat that those bubbles form by the in zadius explosions. and hut-going waves forming a path through other compound gases have the same value. and through the wash goes through a warmer piece and is put back together due to the friction caused by the warmer piece cools down again and becomes slightly visible. hence also those kelvin heat waves emitted from other exploding fast or slow-burning or over-expanding stars that receive more small emissive heat particles. and the sun's particles find a way to form the explosion. and that also keeps the expansion radius bang in check. through the varium
_@Matt_ - When the video cuts to your _questionably_ handsome face, the image quality in today's video is way superior to the pre-COVID-19 videos. For example: The lighting on your face is much nicer (it isn't extreme -- not too flat or too harsh -- yet still has good contrast). I like that the light comes mostly from the left but seems relatively diffuse. The art in the background makes an exceptionally excellent backdrop that is supremely pleasing -- many thanks to the artist!!! The focal length and field of view of the lens creates a much nicer image of you. In short, whenever you're allowed to crawl back out of your domicile, your Space Time "studio" would do well to duplicate the video setup of your home as it was captured today. Most excellent, dude! ;-)
When Neil Tyson asked Hawking "What was around before the big bang?", Hawking responded "Nothing was around" He went on to speak about how he perscribed to the "no boundaries proposal". I have no idea how to begin to wrap my head around this hypothesis. Could you explain?
There are two parts to it. The main is that it states that events before t = 0 can't ever be observed, that in fact here's no sensible way to measure them in the same way you can always take an apple from a pile of apples but not when you have zero apples left. So, asking 'what happened before the big bang' becomes as sensible as asking 'What color is 7?' 'Before' is something related to time and the line of causality breaks down at t = 0. The second part is that tie itself, from our viewpoint never *reaches* t = 0, it's increasingly distorted as you go back further and the universe gets smaller, but it never reaches the point where it's nothing. At least not from 'inside' the universe. In the same vein the universe's volume is never zero. In a way the universe always existed, but more accurately it's existed as long as there's been anything. This is a very simplified version of things of course, but I hope it makes sense.
Thanks for mentioning Clair Patterson :) for some reason he gets often omitted despite his huge contributions to science and public health. Thanks to him we no longer have leaded fuel.
Then someone out there's going to get ALL the Nobel prizes. We've been looking for about a century now though and so far his ideas have held up. It's quite annoying.
There is a question that haunted me since the episode called "The Impossibility Of Perpetual Motion Machines". If most of the conceived (even though they wouldn't work) perpetual motion machines use gravity as an external source of energy why are they called so since they get energy from an external source which is the Earth's gravitational pull ? Love the series 👍👍👍❤
simple answer: most people trying to make perpetual motion machines dont think about that. more complex answer: gravity has no energy when not in a system. therefore whenever you talk about gravitational energy, technically your talking about gravitational energy of the system. because a perpetual motion machine uses gravitational energy that means that the earth is part of the system, and therefore part of the perpetual motion machine. if you think about it like this (which is admittedly a little weird) there is no external source of energy of the system/machine, but it is transferring it from the gravitational potential to kinetic energy. however the total energy stays constant. hopefully this makes sense.
gravity is a conservative force, if the system cycles and comes back to the same initial state after some time, you will extract no energy from gravity
Perpetual machines try to get power from gravity from a plave it doesn't exist, which is the machine itself. A machine that uses gravity and works is the hydro energy plants, that take water with high potential energy losing energy while moving from a high ground to a lower ground and take energy from this movement. But that is only possible because the water had potential energy in a high altitude. A perpetual motion machine tries to both take petential energy from an object in high altitude while also giving energy to an object in a lower altitude while no losing energy to friction etc. Our hydro plants are only possible because our sun gives energy to water, which evaporates, rises and gains potential energy and then fall on montains and then rivers that lose potential energy, the point where we try to get some of this potential energy.
After pondering this question for some time, here's my conclusion (although I'm not sure I understand the problem, there is nothing in the definition of perpetual motion machines that prevents them from getting energy initially). At least some of the energy the machines take from the gravitational field they give back right? And because they give energy back, there is a limit on the amount of energy the machines overall take from the gravitational field right? So if you rephrase the idea of perpetual motion machines as machines that take a finite amount of energy over their operation time and run forever, you would still get the basic idea covered and you would allow for machines to take energy from an external source even forever, as long as the overall amount of energy they took overall is finite.
It is very easy to make perpetual motion. Superfluids and supersolids can do it. Add a few other ingredients, and some fancy physics on 50+ years, and you have a machine. Does it make energy? Maybe. But it can still be a machine with perpetual motion. Cool helium down to extreme low temperature. Helium can be implemented with other materials, and crystalline materials as well. Etc etc...
Thank you Matt and the PBS team for continuing to bring us this wonderful show! I hope in an upcoming episode you will help explain the article in the NYT today about neutrinos and antimatter. www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/science/physics-neutrino-antimatter-ichikawa-t2k.html With love from Sydney!
Number 1: Thank you for continuing PBS Spacetime. I totally love this program. Number 2: If the current theory for the age of the universe is incorrect, ... ?
Think Black holes and quasars are a major factor in the Fermi paradox. SMB activity is great to read and learn about but maybe not so good at letting life flourish.
10:11 Anyone else started laughing out loud at the sheer ridiculous magnitudes of the scales in this simulation? Few things can cheer me up like science can!
This was an interesting video. I liked it. I have always liked learning about astronomy and space sciences. They are my favorite fields of science. The lack of a green screen has changed some things in these videos, but the quality of them hasn't dropped that much. Good work.
Humour is what makes HUMANS so great, in spite of their short grubby lives. Space/time is simply a way to describe what is, and a quest to understand why (in spite of the fact most of us won't live long enough to see the answers to most of our questions).
I feel like if sagy a* was to woke up and grab a "hand" full of snacks, it would do it this year. Seriously, this year (if it could had a will of it's own) seems to try really hard to kill us all, might as well do some parkour and quazar us into oblivion. And a question. If there would be some feast in the center and nova storm, how manny of them novas would overload our atmosphere ?
the radiation emitted as light from the center of the milky way would have a nearly nominal effect. As for being consumed by any novas, they're much too far away to harm us.
Well, it would have to be brighter in the sky than the sun is. Due to distance, sun appears 10^20 brighter that it would if it were at the center of MW. Typical supernova is 10^10 brighter than the sun, so you'd need 10^10 to outshine the sun. In other words, if literally all stars in our entire galaxy went supernova at the same time, it would be about as bright as the sun in the sky. So to answer your question, anything that could conceivably happen at the center of our galaxy is barely even a rounding error as far as our atmosphere is concerned.
He addresses a very similar idea in the Boltzmann Brain episode; worth checking out if you’re interested in the topic, which is more philosophy of science than science proper
I only ever bring up that particular theory when arguing about science vs religion/pseudoscience. It makes a very clear example of something that is inherently unfalsifiable and thus is in no way scientific.
Me: I'm passionate about the space and science. I love how the language of math can elegantly describe the beauty of the Universe.
PBS Space Time: Saggitarius has a snack followed by a burp, to make bubbles.
PBS perfectly described me: I'm a Saggitarius. I've had a snack and then burped. And then I made bubbles (Don't ask for pictures).
@@Blubb5000 😂🤣😂🤣 pictures!😂😂😂😂😂😂😂
@@Blubb5000 Bubbles from both ends? *BURP* ... *POP* *POP* LOL
Thanks, needed that laugh. Been a tad depressed lately from being shut in so long. :]
Most humans apes cannot understand astrophysics, so ape talk helps the lesser human apes to understand difficult concepts.
@@ultrasonicradiation We're truly/great/ apes.
It just occurred to me the role Matt (and others like him) serve. Imagine if (or remember when) Matt wasn't on UA-cam and we had to be told about these things from.... journalists. Those brilliant people who accurately convey the latest developments in various fields. Like Carl Sagan and Neil Tyson, Matt is in a prestigious line of knowledgeable scientists with the skill of communication. He bridges the gap between working scientists and lay people like us. He's our "journalist" with his finger on the pulse of the latest goings on. And he KNOWS WHAT HE'S TALKING ABOUT. *I* may not always know what he's talking about, but I can have faith that HE does. Unlike when the news tries to tell us something. Thank you Matt!
Thats why I always think when someone says they really dislike Neil degrasse Tyson because he speaks too much etc, or not doing enough research, I think we are lucky we have these science communicators.
They are immensely important. Matt, Carl Sagan, Neil, they reach a huge amount of people, conveying the previous scientific research results to the people all over the world, making kids interested in science and probably kickstart many science careers.
It's amazing that science communicators these days can have a "rockstar status". People love them. And they have an important positive impact!
in a matter of speaking, Matt is playing the role of a journalist. Just a very well informed one, with a devoted team of people there to help him research and write out the script.
@@maan7715 Except Neil deGrasse Tyson talks more about bullshit than actual science.
@@viliml2763 and he is hilariously wrong on many occasions, desperately nitpicky in others. he is the communicator for the low IQ masses. comparisons are really easy to make when you watch him present together with other scientists.
Really, please don't use the term "journalist," especially in the context of real scientific news and info. Nowdays, "journalist" leaves a bad taste in the mouth for me. A journalist working in a news networks, magazine and such tend to be either slightly distorted/leave things out, to fully blatantly off-base, whether it be due to being motivated for selling papers/increase viewership to just uninformed idiocy due to stupidity or just wilful ignorance of the facts. People like these gives the title "journalst" a bad name.
OTOH, people like Neil, Matt, Carl and others are what I'd term the ideal journalist, in that they can (usually! *occasionally nudges Tyson*) convey difficult concepts in a way that can be comprehended by anyone with a least a modicum of intelligence and patience. They're those with great skills in Presentation, Communication and Explanation.
Final Note, even Carl Sagan wont be able to make the most willfull dummies see the light too. And I think he's probably the best as it gets. Miss the great Mr. "Billions upon Billions upon Billions" Cosmos. His death in 1996 was a great loss to the world.
Okay, my ten minutes are up, time to get back to...
[PBS Space Time uploads]
OH COME ON.
i was about to get back to work but this just came up, and what sucks is that they're always more than 14 min long.
@Belagerungsmörser the Sheep and there's always that one guy.
let me fix that for you, his videos are always longer than 10min so that he can monetize them and make money off of them, so he makes them long on purpose.
I was going to go to sleep but then this drops.
Haha, I'm sitting on the toilet far too long I should be back to work.
@@guystokesable Boss makes a dollar while I make a dime. That's why I poop on company time. 😏
"Whatever is happening here on Earth, the Universe remains awesome."
Thank you.
wrr
Heavy...
@@zes3813 yep
@@michelschildmeijer7457 The rest remains awesome
"Which actually makes Earth a Taurus, which explains so much."
This is why I like this channel. Never too serious they can't enjoy the funny side of thing. Always so detailed your head gains some angular momentum.
Brilliant!
Oh, I thought it was a torus?
@@amymason156 I think (may be wrong) that because it's the bull, it's the same etymology as minotaur...
True
Taurus is an Earth sign.
Consider this: If Sagittarius A got active again 10,000 years ago, we'd still be 16,000 years away from realizing. Unless we develop superluminal means of observation or travel first, that is.
I kinda think FTL communications is more useful than transport at this point.
If we could communicate with operations on Mars in real time then we could build a small outpost city entirely by remote without landing a single human being there.
@mnomadvfx well, with FTL transport comes FTL postal service. XD
@@mnomadvfx dumb, communications are a subset of travel, you get travel you get them both
Also, "[getting] active" isn't such an instant process; we'd see the signs starting, probably enough in advance of any serious action that we'd know about it before it really starts in earnest
If the central black hole became active 26 thousand years ago, we're going to have a bad year.
"...has been relatively calm, for as long as we've been observing it."
That made me chuckle, considering astronomical time-scales.
Yeah, like, literally anything could have happened by now. Perhaps literal evidence of alien life could be behind the shroud, or great remains...
Both blinks of an eye.
@H D who would bother trying to disprove something that can't be disproven? Better to just focus on things that can be proven or disproven.
@H D Aye, you got the concept of "the burden of proof" the wrong way around.
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof, beit from religion to conspiracy theories.
And besides: the only good Simulation Theory I know is the album by Muse ;-p
@@Lord_RFAS I agree, "and besides," that Muse album is interesting. Gives me "Bladerunner" vibes looking at the album cover and listening to it. With a touch of Tron and cyberpunk feel too. Cool!
"Whatever is happening here on earth, the universe remains awesome!"
I needed that...
It sounds better than, "Whatever is happening here on earth, the rest of the universe remains barren and lifeless."
Veri Xcvoin I bet tons of slime 😂
Yes, the cancer statistics agree 😂⚰️
@@verixcvoin1432 what are you even talking about, thats unrelated to the original comment...
@@verixcvoin1432 the universe is finite but expanding, but the scope of how large it is is incomprehensible... there is a 99.9% chance there is something else out there, that some other galaxy has the conditions to harbour life, but even so its completely unrelated to the original comment
”Galactic Core”
*painful Mass Effect flashbacks*
*painful Star trek V flashbacks*
Don't forget No Man's Sky!
@🐦MrSoTiredOfTheNewUA-cams😅 whats ptsd
*ASSUMING DIRECT CONTROL*
Haha. Perfect comment. All sci fi is great.
Wishing you all the best with the wierdness lately
Number 3: Why didn't they call it a "Hubble bubble?" Seems like they missed an opportunity.
Especially because it is a double bubble
Kenny Tritch - Double Hubble bubble trouble.
A Hubble bubble is what I'd call the part of the universe visible from Earth.
Hubba Bubba? Been done!
@@balcius doubel hubble bubbel troubel 2: bubbel boogaloo
Whats an astrophysicists favorite candy?
Starbursts
I figured it would be Astropops
Thought it was milky way
Thought it was smarties
Mars Bars.
Nerds.
Sound is WAY better in this video than its been for a few videos (for past few months or so)
Thanks for the second video in a row that doesn’t hurt my brain to try to understand
I'm sure we can get a Penrose diagram somewhere to make some quick Lorentz transformations.
This channel and this dude especially explains things in such a basic way, that someone with zero experience in astronomy or any other branch of "space science" for that matter, will easily understand what is being described and explained. I love it.
Lmao Samee XD
Lol... wonder if mental-masochism is a thing?
I 2nd that...
"The Mandalorian famously pioneered the use of video walls as backdrops to replace rear projection and chromakey. Now that ILM's done all that hard"development work, the tech is spreading to other TV shows. Clearly, to allow you to properly appear standing in front of the floating spacetime effect and keep up with the competition, PBS is obligated to buy you a wall-sized video display for your apartment.
I have spoken.
4:15 *YOU MUST CONSTRUCT ADDITIONAL PIONS!*
Whatever is happening here on Earth this channel remains awesome too
Thanks for working hard to keep this going even when working at home! Greatly appreciated.
I don't want to live in a universe where a quasar can't grow up to be a galaxy. If he wants to.
12:45 Vsauce music starts playing
2:06 too lol
Hey PBS, Matt here.
Or is it...?
I feel like I need to watch the these 10 times back to back videos to understand them properly.
The sad part, I can’t do that, since someone always finds a way to bother me
Same.
10:55 - That one dish looking other way: Nope, not gonna look xD
Hahaha XD
Niiice, there's the rebellious one!
"And on our left..." "The OTHER left... oh"
It knows that the Earth is flat.
It's the lookout, making sure nobody sneaks up on them ;-)
Oh so now we're gonna have Torus-Earthers too ?
You don't believe that earth is a giant donut?
Donut-Earf Theory
It's actually a coffee cup.
... ask any topologist
Earth could be a torus, if we get the earth spinning fast enough that it begins to overcome its internal gravity but not fast enough that it tears itself apart.
Unfortunately, I read about that Idea in 2018
"The Earth was created on Sunday the 21st of October, 4004 B.C. at exactly 9:00am". Would that be GMT or UGT (Universal God Time)?
I would guess that he meant Jerusalem time
It was something God did in the meantime, so GMT.
@@Wick9876 gaaaaahhhhhhhh
He ran out scrape paper. The Sunday 21st of Oct @ 9am part, was when he was scheduled to lead communion.
Love your brow pressure and facial expressions during the narrative
9:50 "here is our best thinking on a most likely scenario"
me: Finally.
10 s later: Ok, you've lost me.
It always amazes me how we can explore the center of a star or some of the most extreme places in the universe by using instruments while STAYING HOME :). So even in a pandemic we can still explore the universe.
"Whatever's happening here on Earth, the universe remains awesome."
...Have truer words ever been spoken?
The Earth's atmosphere is mostly Nitrogen followed by Oxygen.
@@scottdorfler2551 Not true throughout time....
Is "truer" the right word? Shouldn't be "more true"? I know both sound weird and English is barely my second language so is a genuine question
if there is noone to appreciate our appreciation, does our appreciation really matter?
Layth??
Everyone: corona virus
PBS Space Time: Was The Milky Way A Quasar?
Eric Weinstein: Geometric Unity theory
Me: Ah yes, this universe is made out of universe
Aaand here we all are..
What a time, UA-camrs having to work from home
Ikr like that's totally not how they work even in normal times
@@spyrex3988 My point was that being a UA-camr is a job where people go to a studio to film, when it used to all be from home and it has returned to that
@@spyrex3988 in this day in age many youtubers don't produce at home anymore. The big ones have studios since... Let me guess RayWilliamJohnson and that's... 10-7 years ago?
Now they have to work from home, because a studio ain't for one person to manage
99% of them always did that though
@@Pauly421 That's kinda my point, they used to work from home but now they don't. Not that hard to understand
Great job guys! Glad to have y'all on the Tube droppin' the knowledge. Stay safe and keep on keepin' on.
2:05 *Vsauce music intensifies*
Thank you for the video and recommendations! Stay healthy Matt and everyone who makes Space Time.
Thank you! Your work end effort for educating and entertaining us is much appreciated in this time! Greetings from Prague, Czech Republic.
The picture showed, with the bubbles, is the equivalent of looking at our galaxy, from 1 trillion light years away, from with in the Local Area Void. Wish we had more information on the area, our little galaxy is sitting in.
@ritemoelaw_books83 And your estimated distance, to fit in the frame, at that angle would be?
Isn't it a bit odd to talk of the Milky Way “being” an AGN rather than *having* one?
What is agn?
@@MarkSmith-wb2eh active galactic nuclei
@@paulthomas963 I just mean the terminology seems weird-the Milky Way is a galaxy, not a galactic nucleus.
I suppose “AGN” could be shorthand for “galaxy with an AGN” by synecdoche. That sort of thing always bothers me but probably because I spend too much time writing code.
Great ending, "it explains so much"
It's kinda weird to see you giving a speech inside. I usually see you in outer space. 😁
It's a fact as he filmed this video, he was still literally floating around Sag A*.
House is on Earth, Earth in Space. House is space!
“Oh so it’s lunch time?”
Milky Way galaxy last words for earth
Thank you Matt and everyone at PBS Digital Studios for keeping space time going right now! Although according to the anthropic principle we can only be living in a universe where space time persists through a global pandemic
I have questions. 1. Will have all the minor/ mini black holes merge in our Milky Way Galaxy. Will that Also add to the formation of the FermiBubble. 2. Why are all the black holes in our galaxy holes not merging ? If their Gravity is that strong, why are they attracting each other ? 3. Concerning S2 star that circle Sag A*, just how long will its lose its mass when is the nearest “food source” to it ? 4. Around 2030, a cloud of gas will feed Sag A*, will we have a front seat row to see the light bursting out ? Or is all still X ray radiation
Hahahaha, trueeee 😹😹
It was a 1200+ mass star that exploded, and the two bubbles were brightly visible from earth a long time ago before it reached 100,000 lt yr width, or about 25,000 years ago. The height is currently 50k either way n/s but highly diffused and scattered and lower in brightness and intensity due to m/e collision, not a few million years ago.
14:49 It's the other way around. Uranium 235 has a shorter half life (a few hundred million year) than the half life of uranium 238 (a few billion years).
Google says you are correct.
Yoda says correct are you
that was one of your best ones. you did a really good job!!
First a disclaimer: I love astrophysics. But now to my point: I really couldn't be an astrophysicist... All they get is terribly noisy data and then they have to make models, calculate probabilities, and redefine their models until they finally reach their desired 42 sigma. It doesn’t change the huge uncertainties of the original data, but the maths checks out, so they need to be content. I would hate that. I love clean data, and I love the conclusions you can get from them. But astrophysics seldomly has than luxury. I really would love to be an astrophysicist. But I can’t ;)
The exact reason I decided not to study astrophysics but civil engineering
Funnily enough, that's the appeal for me. The sleuthing, as it were. You can make an entire career out of carefully working out one theory.
Kudos for Terry Pratchett quote. You rock.
Hey, when is the anisotropic universe video coming out, cant wait, did that paper actually shake cosmology?
If the universe is anisotrpic then for sure my work is right. The universe has 7 density levels so it cant be isotropic at all.
Whatever happens on earth, the universe remains completely indifferent to us. That will be the next thing folks, a comet.
Can you guys make a chart of the order of watching your videos? A lot of your videos build up on previous ones so having a chart to follow would be nice. Kinda like Avengers cinematic universe chronological order :3
how about you do that
They have a few playlists that are in the correct order for each topic. Black Holes, Quantum Field Theory, Dark Matter & Dark Energy for example, along with a few other topics.
@@NTMA11 I don't know the order, i wouldn't mind doing it. Some playlists are ordered backwards too :|
When he said "The energy of a 100 000 supernovae" I thought OMG! That is completely nuts and a almost unimaginable!
4:30 Gotham galaxy is in trouble!
Y'all are so awesome, thank you!
This camera capture of you looks more cinematic / smooth / balanced lighting than the (actual) segments. 🤷🏽♂️ Well done.
Thanks Matt, I deeply love this show! It really enriches my life now since more than one year! Please always keep doing your magnificent work!
I think 2:06 was the most vsauce "...or is it?" I've ever heard (aside from himself).
12:45... and again haha
No one may see this. But it seems Neil deGrasse Tyson keeps interrupting Matt O'Dowd in his radio show. So just closed that video. I feel pbs space time is one of the very few which goes beyond the basics and tries to keep people updated about cosmology. You are awesome yo
" and this activity is long past... or is it?"
That's some Vsouce questioning right there
I thought Compton scattering was what happened when the cops showed up at Eazy-E's trap spot. Lmfao
I think I prefer this background more... a bit more relaxing and “human”(?)
Yeah, it's really comfy. I like it more too.
No I like it when he is floating in space 😆
"In the Fermi Bubbles, gamma rays are generated by a high-energy process known as Inverse Compton Scattering. Now that's pretty clear from the shape of the spectrum alone."
Yep, that's very clear. I'm surprised you've even talked about it.
Hope all is well out there in PBS land. That's an interesting picture in the back, there.
It's ugly imo.
@@gabor6259 I like it.
You never know
He said before it is his home and it was painted by his partner.
Our planet seems to have a lot of heavy metals in the core that can not be fused by a star .... so at some point somewhere there was a neutron star, quasar, magnetar that fused it.
I've read that scientists sometimes detect the reflection of an outburst after the outburst happened when it's reflected from a reflective nebula.
Is it possible that we could see such an echo from this rather recent outburst or would it be too faint?
Our galaxy is 100000 light years across. Everything in our galaxy is way too close to see a million-year-past reflection.
@@KohuGaly The milky way is only 100,000 ly across, so it would be possible! There is even a class of objects that are gas clouds that are getting hit by radiation from a from a former active galaxy. They also have my favorite name ever: Voorwerpjes en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanny%27s_Voorwerp
@@KohuGaly Yes, but since our observations cover only a thousand years if you're feeling really generous, being able to expand that range to a 50 or a 100 times is already pretty neat.
Wait. Just wait. In the next hundred to 500 years we will have a way to utilize these forces, and observe past time.
Oh wait, you and I won't live that long, sorry.
While I'm hiding away the Space Bug is always welcome to come by and bite.
Thank you! I learn not only the astronomy and physics from your videos, but the English language, too.
Cool. I learned a bit of German for the German version of kurzgesagt.
I like better the american one is easyer to me to understand but this guy is pritty clear to me.
Man I'd like a Vsauce PBS collab video more than anything rn
The irony: You *are* floating somewhere out in space :D
11:00 I high-key saw some weirdass fantasy monster balrog cthulhu thing before I actually saw space lmao
Paused this in the first minute, just to acknowledge the pure brilliancy in ”whatever happens here on Earth, the Universe remains awesome”. Thank you!
I don't get what what's brilliant about this
Oh
Surely all (or the majority of) galaxies we see today are calm as well, given the time
Honestly, I really like the apartment vibe, it feels much more natural than the floating space background
A neutron walks into a church. The pastor asks him "Do you believe in a god?". He says "I'm agnostic". The pastor says "What if I showed you irrefutable evidence that there is?". He says "I just couldn't be positive...". The pastor says "What if I showed you irrefutable evidence that there isn't?". He says "Even then, I couldn't be negative...".
As soon as we hit theory 2, a thought started nagging at me. 1 doesn't work, 2 doesn't work; me: why not both? That's when you know you're thinking like a physicist *\o/*
Monocausal explanations for complex dynamic systems are usually nonsensical.
@@Yora21 This is dependent entirely on perspective, and sometimes unknown evidence.
Still missing something tho.
@@BassNinja always
accelerated processing of the heat that those bubbles form by the in zadius explosions. and hut-going waves forming a path through other compound gases have the same value. and through the wash goes through a warmer piece and is put back together due to the friction caused by the warmer piece cools down again and becomes slightly visible. hence also those kelvin heat waves emitted from other exploding fast or slow-burning or over-expanding stars that receive more small emissive heat particles. and the sun's particles find a way to form the explosion. and that also keeps the expansion radius bang in check. through the varium
I waited for the creepy horror movie background music - and wasn't disappointed. 👽
wait you're telling me we never saw these gamma bubbles cuz no one thought to do what amounts to sliding the lower value of a color ramp?
Shoutout to our boy Matt for keeping up the awesome work during these times. He's our generation's Carl Sagan, in my opinion.
Neil Tyson is also engaged and entertaining, but only Matt is as suave as Carl Sagan. ;)
@@Yora21 Neil Tyson is the Carl Sagan of the TV, Matt is the Carl Sagan of UA-cam
That's actually a pretty good backdrop.
_@Matt_ - When the video cuts to your _questionably_ handsome face, the image quality in today's video is way superior to the pre-COVID-19 videos. For example: The lighting on your face is much nicer (it isn't extreme -- not too flat or too harsh -- yet still has good contrast). I like that the light comes mostly from the left but seems relatively diffuse. The art in the background makes an exceptionally excellent backdrop that is supremely pleasing -- many thanks to the artist!!! The focal length and field of view of the lens creates a much nicer image of you. In short, whenever you're allowed to crawl back out of your domicile, your Space Time "studio" would do well to duplicate the video setup of your home as it was captured today. Most excellent, dude! ;-)
Hope you find the courage to just ask him out on a date.
His partner made that painting. Last week's episode comment section.
Shooters shoot
@@jonb5310 Not the best choice in pick-up lines, lol - _"...your questionably handsome face"_
When Neil Tyson asked Hawking "What was around before the big bang?", Hawking responded "Nothing was around"
He went on to speak about how he perscribed to the "no boundaries proposal".
I have no idea how to begin to wrap my head around this hypothesis. Could you explain?
There are two parts to it. The main is that it states that events before t = 0 can't ever be observed, that in fact here's no sensible way to measure them in the same way you can always take an apple from a pile of apples but not when you have zero apples left. So, asking 'what happened before the big bang' becomes as sensible as asking 'What color is 7?' 'Before' is something related to time and the line of causality breaks down at t = 0.
The second part is that tie itself, from our viewpoint never *reaches* t = 0, it's increasingly distorted as you go back further and the universe gets smaller, but it never reaches the point where it's nothing. At least not from 'inside' the universe. In the same vein the universe's volume is never zero. In a way the universe always existed, but more accurately it's existed as long as there's been anything.
This is a very simplified version of things of course, but I hope it makes sense.
5:54 Well, like almost everything else, it's gonna be released at least a few month later due to the current crisis
'Meerkat', how appropriate.
Thanks for mentioning Clair Patterson :) for some reason he gets often omitted despite his huge contributions to science and public health. Thanks to him we no longer have leaded fuel.
So what if Albert Einstein is completely wrong about the cosmic speed limit?
Then someone out there's going to get ALL the Nobel prizes. We've been looking for about a century now though and so far his ideas have held up. It's quite annoying.
There is a question that haunted me since the episode called "The Impossibility Of Perpetual Motion Machines". If most of the conceived (even though they wouldn't work) perpetual motion machines use gravity as an external source of energy why are they called so since they get energy from an external source which is the Earth's gravitational pull ?
Love the series 👍👍👍❤
simple answer: most people trying to make perpetual motion machines dont think about that.
more complex answer: gravity has no energy when not in a system. therefore whenever you talk about gravitational energy, technically your talking about gravitational energy of the system. because a perpetual motion machine uses gravitational energy that means that the earth is part of the system, and therefore part of the perpetual motion machine. if you think about it like this (which is admittedly a little weird) there is no external source of energy of the system/machine, but it is transferring it from the gravitational potential to kinetic energy. however the total energy stays constant. hopefully this makes sense.
gravity is a conservative force, if the system cycles and comes back to the same initial state after some time, you will extract no energy from gravity
Perpetual machines try to get power from gravity from a plave it doesn't exist, which is the machine itself.
A machine that uses gravity and works is the hydro energy plants, that take water with high potential energy losing energy while moving from a high ground to a lower ground and take energy from this movement. But that is only possible because the water had potential energy in a high altitude.
A perpetual motion machine tries to both take petential energy from an object in high altitude while also giving energy to an object in a lower altitude while no losing energy to friction etc.
Our hydro plants are only possible because our sun gives energy to water, which evaporates, rises and gains potential energy and then fall on montains and then rivers that lose potential energy, the point where we try to get some of this potential energy.
After pondering this question for some time, here's my conclusion (although I'm not sure I understand the problem, there is nothing in the definition of perpetual motion machines that prevents them from getting energy initially).
At least some of the energy the machines take from the gravitational field they give back right?
And because they give energy back, there is a limit on the amount of energy the machines overall take from the gravitational field right?
So if you rephrase the idea of perpetual motion machines as machines that take a finite amount of energy over their operation time and run forever, you would still get the basic idea covered and you would allow for machines to take energy from an external source even forever, as long as the overall amount of energy they took overall is finite.
It is very easy to make perpetual motion. Superfluids and supersolids can do it. Add a few other ingredients, and some fancy physics on 50+ years, and you have a machine. Does it make energy? Maybe. But it can still be a machine with perpetual motion.
Cool helium down to extreme low temperature. Helium can be implemented with other materials, and crystalline materials as well.
Etc etc...
The religion and astrology bits at the end were so entertaining! Well done for keeping a straight face.
I knew it! He resides in a golden pyramid, floating above the galaxy.
Thank you Matt and the PBS team for continuing to bring us this wonderful show!
I hope in an upcoming episode you will help explain the article in the NYT today about neutrinos and antimatter. www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/science/physics-neutrino-antimatter-ichikawa-t2k.html
With love from Sydney!
0:34 I cant be the only one expecting a "duration of spacetime" at the end of that sentence.
Yeah
It's a trick: spacetime has no durations, only intervals.
Absolute respect ✊ Working from home 🏡
Number 1: Thank you for continuing PBS Spacetime. I totally love this program.
Number 2: If the current theory for the age of the universe is incorrect, ... ?
What do you mean by the second point?
Think Black holes and quasars are a major factor in the Fermi paradox. SMB activity is great to read and learn about but maybe not so good at letting life flourish.
I love this channel. Fantastic informations👍
10:11 Anyone else started laughing out loud at the sheer ridiculous magnitudes of the scales in this simulation? Few things can cheer me up like science can!
Lmao that axiel procession jab right at the end! Get 'em!!!!
This was an interesting video. I liked it. I have always liked learning about astronomy and space sciences. They are my favorite fields of science. The lack of a green screen has changed some things in these videos, but the quality of them hasn't dropped that much. Good work.
it's so frustrating that I'll never see the night sky without any light polution
Go to the middle of the desert, or take a cruise.
I love the way humor is such a big part of what makes space time so great.
Humour is what makes HUMANS so great, in spite of their short grubby lives. Space/time is simply a way to describe what is, and a quest to understand why (in spite of the fact most of us won't live long enough to see the answers to most of our questions).
@@AnthonyIlstonJones well said Anthony
I feel like if sagy a* was to woke up and grab a "hand" full of snacks, it would do it this year. Seriously, this year (if it could had a will of it's own) seems to try really hard to kill us all, might as well do some parkour and quazar us into oblivion.
And a question. If there would be some feast in the center and nova storm, how manny of them novas would overload our atmosphere ?
the radiation emitted as light from the center of the milky way would have a nearly nominal effect. As for being consumed by any novas, they're much too far away to harm us.
@@udzielafamily9813 Yes, sometimes i foget how hard it is to hit anyting in space. Good thing we are not too close to them nova storms.
Well, it would have to be brighter in the sky than the sun is. Due to distance, sun appears 10^20 brighter that it would if it were at the center of MW. Typical supernova is 10^10 brighter than the sun, so you'd need 10^10 to outshine the sun. In other words, if literally all stars in our entire galaxy went supernova at the same time, it would be about as bright as the sun in the sky.
So to answer your question, anything that could conceivably happen at the center of our galaxy is barely even a rounding error as far as our atmosphere is concerned.
@@KohuGaly So i need to get them closer.
so Earth is a torus?
EVERYTHING FINALLY MAKES SENCE
Except you can't spell.
Wow he's FINALLY speaking English. Guess they held a meeting at PBS and told dude dumb it down. 100% love it! 😂😂
Have anybody remembered to mention the "Last Thursday" hypothesis for the age of the earth?!
Or the five-minute hypothesis for that matter?
He addresses a very similar idea in the Boltzmann Brain episode; worth checking out if you’re interested in the topic, which is more philosophy of science than science proper
I only ever bring up that particular theory when arguing about science vs religion/pseudoscience. It makes a very clear example of something that is inherently unfalsifiable and thus is in no way scientific.
aidan levy that’s why you need to have FAITH /s
No, but I do remember Last Tuesdayism. Why are you 2 days late? Did CoVid delay that too?