A lot comes together in this episode. Austria in 1934 is where a lot of political movements, ideologies and methods we saw throughout the '20s and '30s in previous episodes go head to head. We explain how Austro-Fascism differs from fascism and how Nazism and Austrofascism engage in a violent clash. *(READ MORE FOR OUR STANCE ON THE POLITICAL LEFT-RIGHT SPECTRUM)* So, this episode covers Communism, Fascism, Austrofascism and Nazism in the context of Austria in 1934. I can predict some of the comments that will appear under this video, so allow me to explain how we interpret and explain the key differences between some of these. In academia, we use a right-left axis to place political movements on based on their ideology, NOT just because of their methods or form of state. Our definition is not politically motivated or does not relate to current day politics. We only apply this definition to the specific historical context of the interwar era and World War Two. In short: totalitarian or authoritarian governments are not all the same. Fascism and Nazism are generally placed on the right because they were driven by state or race superiority, Communism and Socialism are placed on the left as they were driven by class-differences and (theoretical) equality. Granted, there is a rich scholarly debate surrounding the function and interpretation of the left-right axis. Anyone who is interested to read more about that can read 'Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction (2017) 15-17.' However, there are limits to what is accepted as an academic argument and what is plain propaganda. Socialism and Nazism are not the same by any respectable definition. Communism and Nazism both embracing totalitarian regimes does not make them the same. We love to engage in debates about this, and we will do so with anyone who presents a real argument with real examples and sources. We will not engage with trolls who are politicising this historical debate with a modern-day agenda. Cheers, Joram *RULES OF CONDUCT* STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks. AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates. HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban. RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban. PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban.
Fascinating stuff. I had no idea there was that much opposition to German Nazi influence in Austria. All I can really recall on the subject before watching this is vague stuff about Hitler annexing Austria and being positively received by the Austrians.
I'm actually trying to write fanfiction with this kind of information explained by Indy, politics, democracy, militias, leaders. It fascinates me. Keep up the good work!
@Chelmsford I'm not going to deny that you triggered me to write this pinned comment. I didn't make up that Fascism belongs on the right of the political spectrum. I list a source you clearly haven't read nor understood. There are a lot of arguments to doubt the usability of the spectrum, but the ones you are naming are not among them. As I'm saying, I'm not interested to engage in a political debate about what you think Nazism or Fascism is. Don't bother returning here until you can have a constructive discussion about historical theory or historiography.
'To me that sounds radical liberalism', only by todays standards do we associate vegetarianism with liberalism (which imho is ridiculous). I don't think thats a legitimate argument to frame nazism or Hitler as liberal. If anything, he was anti-liberal (by the historical definition in a historical context). Like other fascist regimes, he was a fierce reactionary, meaning that he rejected the acquired freedoms after the French revolution.
@@dinosaurusrex1482 Franco's regime had a huge influence and support in the war by La Falange, the local 3rd position party, who were a great help for the nationalists in the war.
@@dinosaurusrex1482 you see, Franco's regime was not totally Fascist. Before the Civil War, there was the Falange Española de las JONS, the Spanish 3rd position party (ideologically close to Italy's fascism, but with their own flavor and goals). In the early stages of the war, communists and anarchists supported the republican side, so a lot of people that were against them joined the Falange as a way to fight them. The Falange joined Franco, along with the Carlists (a traditionalist party) giving strength in numbers to the National side (about 250k at one moment). After the nationalists victory, Franco as the leader decided to fuse all the political parties that helped him and the military rebels to win, that big party was called "Falange Española tradicionalista" and it became the single party of the government. Falange influenced several social policies, within the government ranks the classic fascist salute was implemented, the strong nacionalism was what made Spain get a good relationship with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. You could call Franco's regime as a catholic nacionalist, that opposed fiercely communism, social democracy and most forms of liberal/libertarian ideas. For today's leftists, given that the Falange has catholicism within their norms, is easy to call Franco a Fascist.
These are seriously one of the best history-series anywhere. For some reason, there hasn't been as many documentaries etc. about the interwar years which were crucial for the context and background that led to ww2
Yeah. I catch myself being more excited for the Between two Wars episodes, than I did /do for The Great War / WW2 episodes. While those contain anecdotes and details I have not hear about, these interwar episodes are filled to the brim with history I never ever realized, because they basically summarized in a few paragraphs in general history.
I know, right? They don't even have a focus tree of their own even though there are plenty of options like "Dissolve Austrofascism," "Play the Axis Against Each Other," "Support Horthy", and so on.
I modded Hoi4 a bit and now enjoy playing as Austria and resisting the Anschluß. But all the events that took place irl are too much to replicate for me on my own
As a shut-in, disabled vet I want to say how much I appreciate your fine programs. I love studying history and it's channels like yours that help bring the classroom to my bedside. Keep up the superb work!
gentlemen, i salute you, twice i flew out of ind.twn.gap headed to warm and moist places as a young man in the 70's, i shall remember you both each day in my morning prayers, im in my 70s but still move about a bit. god speed.
Hey, in its inscrutable wisdom, the al-go-rhythm showed me a channel 'Apostolic Majesty', presenting mostly European history, from antiquity to modern. Long 2+ hours videos.
Dollfuss may be the most underappreciated leader in nationalist circles. He was not perfect, but he was a humble and devout man who fought well for the Catholic cause. His example in life also shows some signs of sainthood, although it's very unlikely the modernist Holy See will ever revise his history considering he was a "fascist" dictator.
Indie is rockin' the "leather pants"...wow, now that I write it I realize how wrong that sounds...but I cannot bring myself to delete it. MUST-HIT-REPLY! Nooooooo
What a riveting Austrian story, dissolving parliament, getting the Catholic Church to second/support laws, alliance with Italy as a both a geographical and ideological buffer against Hitler's Nazi Germany and a coup de ta by Austrian Nazis which ultimately Hitler denies...... Is there a movie or book that details this?!
Books, yes. 'The Anschluss Movement 1931-1938 and the Great Powers' by Alfred D. Low. 'Austria before and after the Anschluss' by David Lehr. And Ian Kershaw had a good article in the Guardian 'The crisis of 1938 - some answers from seventy years on ( or: The Twisted Road to War )'. Good luck on finding a comprehensive movie, from what I remember the Anschluss was covered in tv version of 'Rise and Fall of the Third Reich' ( book by: William L. Shirer ).
"little corner of Germany?" Tell an Austrian that. They do speak a different language and both countries are overwhelmingly Christian. Austrians were adept at oppressing other peoples of a different culture and religion - viz WW1.
David Renwick “Austrian” is decidedly not a different language than German, it’s like claiming Serbian and Croatian aren’t essentially the same Serbo-Croatian language in different alphabets, or that Ukrainian isn’t a variant of Russian, the only reason to do it would be to try and differentiate Austria more when it’s already its own country and has a different religion and culture, but now it’s trying to pretend it has its own language. Do the Swiss have a language now? How about Australia? I barely consider Dutch to be its own language. Also study your history, there was incredible pro-German sentiment at this time in Austria, which had attempted to join Germany in 1918-19 (except under socialism instead of conservatism) and support had remained high for the idea if a right wing pro German party would do it, but the catholic character of the country was important to those in power and they had a sizeable support base as well. However once the Germans marched in, everyone forgot about Austria pretty much overnight. The idea that the Austrians were the “first victim” is laughable, not that I consider any fascist collaborators or executioners to be criminals anyway, as one can only operate under the circumstances he’s put under, so in addition to it not being true, I don’t think the “first victim” narrative is even necessary. But anyway, nobody would have argued in the 1930s that Austria wasn’t a “part” of Germany even before the Anscluß, in spirit at least.
@@TheLocalLt dutch is definitely a language and swiss basically too swiss german just has too many variants to get a standard like in high german but swiss ppl can talk and germans nd austrians exept vorarlberg ppl wont understand most of it
To understand why Austria decided to side with Italy (it's former main enemy in WW1), you have to consider that neither France nor Great Britain were ready to defend Austrian independence. So Italy was the only great power left. Of course they proved not to be reliable in the end.
While Austria had conflicts with Italy it is not like there is a deeper rooted hate besides the political. In general the Austrian people are very sympathetic towards Italy.
@@murmor6890 Of course there is no hate. Nowadays we live in a united Europe after all and we are all brothers and sisters in our European culture. Yet, there is a bit of a "friendly historical animosity", which surfaces in dozens of jokes about Italians and their presumably lack of loyalty and courage (scusi, they are just jokes ;)). Insofar, Italy's decisions in WW1 tore up wounds that are still present today. If you consider how deep those wounds had to be back then, you will understand how desperate Austria had to be to ally with Italy.
@@invictus9185 Italy helped in securing Carinthia against Jugoslawian Kingdom troops and at least mediated in the Burgenland question with Hungary so it is a lot of back and forth. The jokes however are usually connected to ww2, the Alpine front against Italy was definitely nothing for the faint hearted and the mountain troops typically respected each other.
@@murmor6890 Well, Italy's intervention in Carinthia was not done out of love for Austria, but to weaken Yugoslavia, since there were important train rails in Carinthia. In international politics, it's always about power and how to prevent others from getting it... The jokes started way before WW2 and were partly nurtured by Austrian WW1 Propaganda. Actually, in WW2 there was already considerable distrust between soldiers of the Wehrmacht (which included Austrians) and their Italian allies, because they still remembered Italian actions in WW1.
12:45 I think it is important to note that even though Christian Social Party had anti-semitic background their government or Dollfuss's dictatorship did not implement any anti-Jewish laws (similarly to the Italian fascists) and their situation did not worsen until Anschluss. Dollfuss even had famous Austrian Jewish economist Ludwig von Mises as his advisor for some time.
While Dollfuss and the Patriotic Front supported Austria's independence, it isn't true that they were anti-German. The party's slogan was "Christian, German, Just and Free", and the national anthem of the time and the Lied der Jugend (Song of the Youth), a paean to Dollfuss, mentioned Austria's "Germanness". (Even your video includes a Dollfuss quote about the importance of German culture to Austria.) The Patriotic Front never denied but even explicitly highlighted that Austria was the second and, in their eyes, better German state.
From the bottom of my heart I thank "Time Ghost History" and their talented host, Indy for being one of the very very VERY few people on the entire earth to actually understand that there is a vast difference between "Italian Fascism" and "German National Socialism"!!! Everyone from Baby Boomers to Millennials equate the two as one in the same. This is yet another reason why your UA-cam channels are THE PLACES to discover the detailed truths about the First and Second World Wars! Bravo Bravo! & for the females members of your staff, Brava! Brava!
@@MrMenefrego1 I must both agree and disagree. (No, I am not trying to be contradictory.) FDR's 'New Deal" socialist programs did pave the way for other socialist programs such as LBJ's "Great Society" which resulted in the current welfare state we are still dealing with to this day. However, his political maneuvering to put in place things such as "lend lease", which propped up both Britain and Russia before the U.S. became officially involved in the war, went a long way to insuring the Axis would lose the war. His "fireside chats" over the radio also boosted the morale of the American people during those first dark days of the war when that boost was sorely needed. FDR was a complicated man in a complicated time, and while we should recognize his failures and mistakes, we should also recognize his successes. After all, none of us are perfect.
8:15 Would just throw in here when Indy says "corporatism" he doesn't mean like, economic corporations like we are accustomed to (though they count), the broader definition being worked with here is inclusive of organizations like the church, go figure, who would all have regions of responsibility.
church used to be state birocracy pre french revolution every rising civilization has unity of church and state Montenegro 17-19century Imperial Japan since Meiji Restoration Republican Rome predecadence that collapsed their fertility rates Protestant kingdoms during age of protestant dominance etc once laws become based on voting or mood of the day/marketing society loses compass, everything becomes relative and gets a price tag and society starts its descent into failure Hitler was in a way a traditional Germanic pagan priest king, with a strooooooong ceremonial role and holding regular mass and the party served as a church with non monetary goals and a metaphysical world of good and evil and a struggle for purity very alike other unitary societies.
@@alexanderjohnson3014 hostile internet bullies display high levels of psychopatic and sadistic personality traits and have tendency towards bad life outcomes. Seek treatment.
@@williamfrancis5367 Corporatism is merely an economic system. There are fascist trends that adopt it (Mussolini’s Italy), there are fascist trends that don’t adopt it (Falangism), there are democratic trends that do (Many Christian Democratic parties), there are authoritarian trends that do (Salazar’s Portugal)
It may be referring to the fact that Austria-Hungary did actually lose Croatia a couple of days before Austria and Hungary formally split: ua-cam.com/video/3R2MhaYFx7Q/v-deo.html
@@TheLocalLt But he says "in the second half of the 19th century." And then he shows us a pre-1870 Germany. So this cannot possibly be anything to do with the end of the 1st World War.
Timrath during the part where they show Croatia as independent, Germany has its 1871-1918 borders. When it then goes backwards to talk about Prussia, the 1815-1867 era Prussian and German Confederation borders are shown, along with the confederation’s internal borders, and Croatia is shown as being part of Austria. So I have no idea whether it was their actual intention or not to show the empire after Croatia’s independence, but it does fit the map.
@@williestyle35 I'm very aware of the infamous "Rosalie". Beginning of the war? The French Rosalie was still the most common issue of bayonet for the entire thing. Even the 1917 autoloader was ridiculously longer than it needed to be and says a lot about the disconnect from the realities of trench warfare and high command
It may be referring to the fact that by the time Austria and Hungary split on Oct 31, 1918, the realm had already lost Croatia: ua-cam.com/video/3R2MhaYFx7Q/v-deo.html
@@barryirlandi4217 it was occupied by Austria-Hungary under the treaty of San Stefano in 1878., later confirmed on the Berlin Conference, and officially anexed in Austrian part of the empire in 1908. where it stayed until 29.10.1918. when it seceded as part of The State of Slovens, Croats and Serbs
@@TheLocalLt not quite, on the map there is Prussia, and when Indy is speaking he says "losses the territory in the second half of the 19th century. Austria fought and lost only two wars in that time, losing Lombardy in ~1860, witch is already not on the map in yellow, and losing the war with the Prussia, that resulted in Veneto being transferred to the Italy. To remove Croatia in that time frame is incorrect by itself, and also Czechoslovakia declared their independence sooner than us Croats I believe and it stayed on the map, I fear it is just a mistake, they have a lot of them when speaking about Balkans... I still remember Indy saying for 40 minutes STEPJAN Radić instead of Stjepan Radić, despite the fact that the writing was fixed in the second episode 😂
Great video! I almost find the interwar years more interesting than the war itself. It's like watching a horror movie buildup into a supernova that destroyed a continent.
As Austrian knowing our past quite well I have to say "Very well put together" which is not an easy task to do in general and even harder in a roughly 20 minutes video because it was very complicated and in hindside very confusing back in those days with all those political splinter groups and their factional leaders and only to understand when explained very detailed in great length from every angle, which you did and achieved in just 20 minutes. "Chapeau"
A very well made episode which I (being Austrian) had a hard time taking serious because I permanently had to snicker about that outfit. Did you buy that on one of your visits to Austria during filming the Great War on the road? :-D Looks fabulous! Fun fact: the post-WW2 successor party of the christian democrats had until recently a painting of Dollfuß in the rooms of their parliamentary club. It was removed some years ago however.
I love these episodes. In history class, the Interwar years are usually summarized in three ideas, Roaring 20s, Stock market crash and Appeasement. It was a long road to get to 1939. Thank you for showing it to us.
On the note of definition, I'd follow in general the short statement from Mussolini as to what Fascism is: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State".
@@TimeGhost I must have missed that one then. Have you come across a historian youtuber called Tik? He does A LOT of detail on WWII and the interwar period - would be intruguing to see what you two make of eachother
We definitely do not agree on his analysis of Fascism and Naziism. He represents alternative politicized views on that, while we're sticking to boring grey historiography as agreed in academic circles outside of party politics. We prefer that road as we truly don't believe that party politics and history work together very well. Politicized historiography has done great harm, both to our science and the world in the past.
@@TimeGhost to each their own as the saying goes. I personally agree with him that if you want to stick to just dates and events you are a chronicler rather than historian - and he admits he dares to draw conclusions. I find it strange that it SEEMS to come across that you view his analysis as politically motivated rather than historically motivated - my own politics for instance were heavily shaped through reading history, not vice versa - why not his own? I hope in your future episodes you will touch upon such facts as the Autarky policies for example, as well as the apparatus of how the state actually functioned, various offices' responsibilities (the Raumungskommando was one I hadn't heard of before). Keep up the good work with making history available to the new audience in an era of new media!
boffinboy100 thank you, we do our best. Obviously we hope that all of us learn from history and that it shapes our beliefs. Much like we hope that what we learn from all sciences shapes our world view. But to do that we have to make sure that those sciences are sound and epistemological. That means turning things the right way. So this is a sound statement: “I don’t care much for Socialism, because there are numerous examples of how it can be a slippery slope into authoritarianism.” It’s not so great to come up with this statement: “since Socialism can lead to authoritarianism, all authoritarian systems are a kind of Socialism.” There’s no specific political reason for that being wrong to do. It’s just wrong by the most basic standards of logic, and when we perform that kind of error, we make it impossible to learn the right things from history. Specifically, the arguments forwarded by the political side of this issue are based on false facts. Here two examples: the oft repeated fallacy that Nazi rule included strong labor friendly measures is an absolute and provable fallacy. Then there is the endless quotes of rhetoric by Goebbels presented as “proof” of Socialism, when we know from the man himself that he was lying to make himself sound that way to win votes. Ignoring things like that is immediately damaging to our ability to learn from the past. So no, we’re not just ‘chronicling things’ we’re making sure we stick to the facts and that they don’t get distorted by wishful thinking or opinion.
Actually sudetenland were historically part of the Czech monarchies. I actually live in sudetenland and yes there were many ethnic Germans in here (they are not anymore, because they were forcefully moved after the WW2) but pretty much anything in area which is called the Czech republic nowadays was historically part of either Moravian empire, or Kingdoms of the Czech crown (or inheriting regimes) and while they were ethnically german, they were Czech citizens. Until the WW2 Germans and Czechs in Sudetenland actually lived somewhat in harmony althougt the Czechs didn't take foreign rule very well and Germans (austrians) were an ethnic minority, who often would not want to be in as they considered lands of the czech crown to be backsavage region while all the power was in Austria. It may seem odd, what would a bunch of germans do in a slavic country, so it may lead you to the conclusion, that was indeed german region, but the truth is a little bit less intuitive. Given our (Czech) position in europe, especially close proximity to both Germany and Austria it historically led to a lot of conflicts, cooperations and even merging into one empire at some points, like the Holy Roman empire or, yes, thats right, Austria Hungary. Actually in Czechia german was so often used, that we had to have so called Czech national revival, which was focused on teaching the czechs to speak czech again, especially the intelligence, which was under heavy german influence from ca. early 17th centrury and even nowadays the czech language is full of germanism and it is heavily influenced by german. Normally i wouldn't give this tiny detail so much attention, but since this was historically so important, that it allowed ocuupation of my homeland it might not be a tiny detail after all.
Hi all, just wanted to say I am a massive history nerd (especially World War I and II) and just stumbled upon TimeGhost History. This scratches the itch I had ever since I was growing up with The History Channel (when it was actual history and not aliens.) I love both Between Two Wars and the World War II week by week series and can't wait for more. Indy, you have a super fan here. Keep it up!
And that's why its so important to spread the knowledge of this stuff around. Get some context on what parts of modern politics are frivolous, and which are dangerous.
My country (Belgium) is again on course of breaking the world record of days without a government in peacetime. It has now been 150 days after the last election and we still don't have a federal government. A few years back it took over one year and a half (541 days or 589 days if you include the period before the elections). The largest party in Flanders wants to split the federal country into a confederation. The largest part in Wallonia is socialist and wants to keep the country as is. Flanders currently richer and more populous. Voters from Flanders typically cannot vote for Wallonian parties and vice versa. Instead, the largest parties are split into Flemish and Wallonian sister parties. Additionally, we have 6 more non-federal governments, ruling over partially overlapping pieces of land and populations. Yes, politics is difficult today.
@@Lttlemoi - Spain has been without a functional government for almost a year already and it could be the same for the next various months, as two successive snap elections have failed to provide a stable majority after the motion of no-confidence against Mariano Rajoy. The current government has been "provisional" ("en funciones") since April 30th. So relax...
Another excellent video. I only discovered this channel last week, but find myself watching chapter after chapter. I enjoy the narration and the sense of humour. Great storytelling. Thanks!👍👍
Depends. Conservatives and monarchists remember him and take him in great respect as Austria's last stand for independence. Social democrats and more left wing, with the exception of the KPÖ hate him and put him with hitler. But in general people like him
"Austrofaschismus" = Austro fascism is kind of forgotten in the eyes of the Austrian public. The people that were old enough to differentiate between the Dollfuß-Schuschnigg government and the Nazi regime are mostly dead or very old at this point. So the only people alive still, like my greatgrandmother, were children at this point. They mostly remember the Nazi years, because of the "Hitlerjugend" and the war. Most people I know, who are not interested in history or who are not very well educated, don't even know who Dolfuß and Schuschnigg are, despite the fact that Austro fascism is a very important topic in Austrian history lesson. So to answer your question in short outside of people that have strong roots in the conservative or the social democrat party nobody really remembers Dollfuß or knows who he was.
Okey guys, thank you for your comments. I was searching for this question on google and you basicly gave the same response :). But I was thinking for the reason he tried to keep Austria independent he might have become a martyr or someone that you might celebrate. But I guess the fascist years are too much of a touchy subject.
6:42 Nice to see the rare Berndorf helmet in use. And the soldier manning the machine gun appears to have misunderstood how to wear his German-produced Stahlhelm :-P
Hi Andie, I am following many of your programs. It is only today that I have come across this documentary about the interwar years in Austria. I have to admit, that I have rarely seen an equally well researched piece.
16:08 The reason is much simpler. Mussolini is aware what Hitler means when he talks about "Das Dritte Reich", The Third Realm. Mussolini understands that Hitler's "Reich" is the "successor" of the the Holy Roman Empire, the first realm, of which Italy used to be a part. Mussolini supports the regime in Austria because he knows that should Hitler be successful on the global stage Nazi-Germany would come for Italy in the end. You can tell from this political move that Mussolini understands the predicament of the situation he found himself in. Should Hitler beat his enemies it's the end for Mussolini and he knows it, but should Nazi-Germany lose the war too badly then it would take Italy down with it. Thus an argument could be made that Mussolini realizes early on that the "end game" for him looks like it did in the end for Italy. Italy can pick by whom it is defeated and perhaps on what terms, but it will be defeated by a larger power.
Hitler's "Third Reich" rhetoric was just that - conjuring up images of a glorious past for his propaganda. He didn't care in the slightest for any actual recreation of the HRE, or anything like that. Hitler was driven by nationalism and racism, not historical reenactment.
@@varana Well that is right and wrong at the same time. Of course Hitler didn't really want to recreate the actual HRE, as it wasn't really an empire, as Voltaire astutely observed. Fascism was a reactionary movement and as such they were very concerned with the past and whenever they didn't like the real past they tried to rewrite history to make it fit their world view. The same is true of religious myth, whenever it didn't serve their purpose they changed it. The total war they propagated had the added objective to force their vision of the past onto the world and this is why Hitler wanted to make true in his lifetime what he wanted people to believe was true in the past. Therefore yes "outshining" the historical HRE was absolutely a part of the plan and thus yes annexing Italy would have been a part of completing that plan. It strikes me as odd when people try to defend the HRE or religious ideology by claiming that it wasn't on the agenda of the Nazis or that they weren't motivated by those things. Nazi-Germany was deeply religious and glorifying the HRE, which had many faults of its own. It absolutely was on their minds, hadn't Hitler tried to emulate his vision of HRE then he wouldn't have called Nazi-Germany the Third Realm, Hitler absolutely wanted to establish a strong connection with that faux image of an actually failed empire.
@@Ryan_Winter "Fascism was a reactionary movement and as such they were very concerned with the past" kind of, during its early days fascism was strongly influenced by futurism (absolute rejection of the past) spearheaded by marinetti, but of course once mussolini was in power and when nazi influences started to creep in, most of the futurist ideas were abandoned.
@@loscopihues2343 "Rejection of the past", what are you talking about? Well Germany certainly rejected its recent history and its defeat in WWI, the rhetoric and the efforts of Hilter's regime were focused on undoing that part of history as fast as possible. If that is "rejection of the past" then you are right, but everything the Nazis in Germany did was in pursuit of "righting history" and to emulate a vision of what supposedly had once been true. Again they called it "Das Dritte Reich" and Hitler meant it. The early stage of his powergrab was solely concerned with annexing the territories Germany had lost after its defeat in WWI to re-establish greater Germany within the borders the second realm, the Wilhelminian Empire, used to have. The claim that Germany had capitulated in spite of alledgedly "having never been defeated in the field" was one of Hitlers central talking points to win over people. And after the defeat of France they staged the signing of the surrender terms by France to mirror the german signing of its surrender terms at the end of WWI.
@@Ryan_Winter I'm talking about italian fascism, the "generic fascism" theory has already long been in disuse by modern hstorians, nazism is a total different beast from italian fascism. but, yes nazis were totally concerned with the past, that is true, one of many reasons why marinetti lamented the fact that italian fascism was becoming more and more influenced by natsoc ideology something that giovanni gentile (fascist official philosopher) had similar sentiments since they felt that fascism was losing its revolutionary potential. There's a reason why the "official" fascist art (futurism) was very modern with its themes (speed, dynamism,movement,etc.)meanwhile nazi art tried to present a perfect image of the past, just like you said "everything the Nazis in Germany did was in pursuit of "righting history" and to emulate a vision of what supposedly had once been true." Arno breker is the best representative of this vision.
I don't know why I'm getting this on my page. I really enjoyed every minute. Well thought and well explained. I'm glad I learned a lot more about Austria
South Tyrol is an Austrian minority, till today. Broken away by Italy after invading Austria-Hungary in 1915, despite being their allies. The rest of Tyrol is within Austria. Hitler never was interested in the reunification of Tyrol, despite being born in Austria. He even forced the minority to think about leaving South Tyrol, which was only halted because he lost the war. The first civil war was mainly between social democrats and the christian party, the fighting around the murder of Dollfuß was named a second civil war and mainly between Nazis and the state of Austria. Mussolini stood by Austria because he wanted a puffer to Germany and quickly gave Austria up to Germany, when he saw Hitler helping him out in some of his political affairs.
Once again, great details on yet another side of evils opposed to one another, gives interesting points of view in an often simplified political landscape. Keep up the great work!
This is my favourite history channel, and believe me I watch a few. I studied the British Imperial Century leading up to WW1. I have also done a lot of reading and viewing of WW1 and WW2, but have such a rudimentary knowledge of the history between the two world wars. Than you for enlightening me.
Indy is killing the outfit game today! #jodlwibes Thanks for this episode. This is actually a kinda not so talked about topic in history books in general. I did hear about Dollfuss, but not that much tbh, altough I sit in the neighbouring country. Way too much topics about Horthy in Hungarian books from this time.
Great video. However I'm about 95% sure the pic at 16:26 is showing Innsbruck which is in North Tyrol not South Tyrol. I think it's the Anna Säule in the Marie-Theresien Straße
Indy, you neglected to mention that there were at least a dozen 'German States' fighting on Austria's side in the Austro-Prussian War. And, why didn't you stand up and model your lederhosen?
People in the past tend to be shorter than those in the present and eventually the future, this can depend on a number of factors but usually today it's because of the nutrients, chemicals, or whatever we put in our body
THANK YOU for this video!!! I’ve been researching my in-laws family tree and their ancestors were exactly in the middle of what happened in this video, so it’s so good to learn.
Although the so called Austro Facists tried to keep Austria independent from Nazi Germany, even they claimed that Austria was nevertheless a german nation. Even Dollfuß was called "a brave german men" in the Fatherland Fronts Anthem. Austria should remain as an independent german and catholic nation. Modern Austrians usually do not like being called germans but back then must people saw Austria as a smaller second german state.
This is such a great channel it brings events out of the shadows of history for everyone too see. And with that a better understanding of history around WW2..
The Austrian fascism is very like portuguese fascism at this period, if we take the Austrian one, looks like he was describing the Estado Novo regime, until 1949 at least, it would take reforns because well, fascism was longer "cool".
@@DonGius1 " He made terrible economical and social policy , eventhough he had not so bad idea" So all his ideas were bad but he somehow had good ideas? Are you insane?
Fascism: The regimentation of society around a collective greater good, a moral law which is embodied into the "Fascist State" however the Fascist State being of an entirely different definition then of the standard, the term State within the Fascist concept refers to the ideal, the collective, everyone. Hence it is Total and Above all as the good of everyone is above all. Honour, Duty, Self Perfection, Virtue are the Morals of the Fascist State, everything is formulated around this, hence a Fascist Society is a Meritocracy at all levels, behooving the individual to work on themselves, therefore, adhering to the Moral Code as it is their only method of advancing in said society. The whole meaning to this State is for the people to be bonded by something else then Region, Race or Ethnicity -they are bonded by an idea, a certain good, the State. Social Cohesion within the Fascist Society is achieved merely by the nature of the philosophy and the organization formed around it. Even not obeying it is part of the plan, it is a hierarchy of merit and dedication, you need people at the bottom as well, therefore it is all about your own will, therefore arguably it the fairest hierarchy you may acquire. Whilst Nazism is the idealization of a Race, formed around Social Darwinism, Hierarchy of Races. Extensively different, perhaps some cores to it lay similarity, by execution and the nature of it in practice; it is not similar at all.
It has been so much over used it lost meaning. Mussolini, Hitler were fascist that pretty much everybody agrees(despite having several differences between each other). Then things start to get murky, some say spain and portugal also were, other say brazil was fascist too. And if we put the soviet definition then everyone and their mother are fascists.
First, as an undergrad history major, combat veteran, and former instructor of history at West Point, my congratulations to Indy for this terrific series. Second, a salute to his prop manager, who seems to nail the accessories and background atmosphere in each episode, which adds a layer of authenticity. WELL DONE.
@@TimeGhost You’re most welcome. One question: is the Kackelofen behind Indy in the video real, or a two-dimensional cutout? Either way, a very nice touch :)
my great-grandfather fought in the civil war (with the Communists), and I still learned a lot from this video. Very well researched. Unfortunatly we still don't learn this history in Austria. The decendents of Dolfuss (the ÖVP) have been in power for too long. :)
As kids growing up in the Netherlands my dad and uncle wore lederhosen and my dad said they were uncomfortable and he hated wearing them. Any comments on the comfort of yours Indy?
They're not too uncomfortable - if you have a good one that has been worn for some time, they are even very comfortable. But what i find more interesting is that your dad and uncle wore them, growing up in the Netherlands. Lederhosen is traditionally Bavarian/Austrian, but to my knowledge was not a part of Dutch fashion.
@@TimeGhost I'm actually not sure why they did but I've got pictures! Maybe my oma liked the way they looked? Or they were on sale? And that makes sense, worn in leather is much softer. Thanks for the response! Love what you guys do!
Back then the social democratic movement was predominated by Marxists and they aimed to develop a socialist economic system. After WW2 they abandoned that idea in favor of a capitalist welfare state.
I once read a comment on post-WW1 Austria to the effect that: 'Vienna is now a city without visible means of support'. The psychological as well as economic trauma immediately after 1918 must have been tremendous.
Indy, I think that your lederhose is bayerisch and not Austrian 😂 Also having live in Austria, I can recommend a very good exposition about the interwar years at the Linz museum. People literally were starving after the 1st World War. Those were very complicated times. Not easy to explain to today's Austrians since Austria is quite a wealthy country today....
A lot comes together in this episode. Austria in 1934 is where a lot of political movements, ideologies and methods we saw throughout the '20s and '30s in previous episodes go head to head. We explain how Austro-Fascism differs from fascism and how Nazism and Austrofascism engage in a violent clash. *(READ MORE FOR OUR STANCE ON THE POLITICAL LEFT-RIGHT SPECTRUM)*
So, this episode covers Communism, Fascism, Austrofascism and Nazism in the context of Austria in 1934. I can predict some of the comments that will appear under this video, so allow me to explain how we interpret and explain the key differences between some of these. In academia, we use a right-left axis to place political movements on based on their ideology, NOT just because of their methods or form of state. Our definition is not politically motivated or does not relate to current day politics. We only apply this definition to the specific historical context of the interwar era and World War Two. In short: totalitarian or authoritarian governments are not all the same. Fascism and Nazism are generally placed on the right because they were driven by state or race superiority, Communism and Socialism are placed on the left as they were driven by class-differences and (theoretical) equality.
Granted, there is a rich scholarly debate surrounding the function and interpretation of the left-right axis. Anyone who is interested to read more about that can read 'Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction (2017) 15-17.' However, there are limits to what is accepted as an academic argument and what is plain propaganda. Socialism and Nazism are not the same by any respectable definition. Communism and Nazism both embracing totalitarian regimes does not make them the same. We love to engage in debates about this, and we will do so with anyone who presents a real argument with real examples and sources. We will not engage with trolls who are politicising this historical debate with a modern-day agenda.
Cheers,
Joram
*RULES OF CONDUCT*
STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks.
AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates.
HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban.
RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban.
PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban.
Fascinating stuff. I had no idea there was that much opposition to German Nazi influence in Austria. All I can really recall on the subject before watching this is vague stuff about Hitler annexing Austria and being positively received by the Austrians.
I'm actually trying to write fanfiction with this kind of information explained by Indy, politics, democracy, militias, leaders. It fascinates me.
Keep up the good work!
@Chelmsford I'm not going to deny that you triggered me to write this pinned comment. I didn't make up that Fascism belongs on the right of the political spectrum. I list a source you clearly haven't read nor understood. There are a lot of arguments to doubt the usability of the spectrum, but the ones you are naming are not among them. As I'm saying, I'm not interested to engage in a political debate about what you think Nazism or Fascism is. Don't bother returning here until you can have a constructive discussion about historical theory or historiography.
Sorry, my youtube is faulting. This video plays, ua-cam.com/video/1aoi33VAAO4/v-deo.html
But this comment section remains.
Weird!
'To me that sounds radical liberalism', only by todays standards do we associate vegetarianism with liberalism (which imho is ridiculous). I don't think thats a legitimate argument to frame nazism or Hitler as liberal. If anything, he was anti-liberal (by the historical definition in a historical context). Like other fascist regimes, he was a fierce reactionary, meaning that he rejected the acquired freedoms after the French revolution.
I am sure Italy will be a great and reliable ally of Austria in years to come.
*crickets
Would you like to change team?
I wonder how things would have gone if Italy (etc) had actually stayed opposed to the Nazis.
All those battles of the Isonzo would shatter any hope of a good relationship.
@@rnrailproductions5049 Oh, but those were clearly against Slovenia, see? Look, Isonzo is in Slovenia!
How many different rigth wing ideologies do you want?
Austria: yes.
Why settle for only one when you can have them all! 😀
@@TheCimbrianBull they still lack japonise facism smh.
@@quedtion_marks_kirby_modding
It's almost like Pokémon. Gotta catch 'em all.
@@TheCimbrianBull nazism, I choose you.
@@quedtion_marks_kirby_modding
ROFL! 🤣 😂 😅
I never realized how desperately I needed Indy in lederhosen in my life before today
Yes, it is indeed something oddly satisfying.
My life is complete now! 😊
TimeGhost History think you could convince Indy to do an Out of the foxholes episode in them?
Who knows
The only missing piece is Indy in ushanka and kosovorotka.
"Not all fascist are nazis"
Italy who invented fascism before nazi germany was even a thing: *well, yes*
Also didn't Spain go fascist for a while?
Dinosaurus Rex yeah but that was after Italy and Germany
@@dinosaurusrex1482 Franco's regime had a huge influence and support in the war by La Falange, the local 3rd position party, who were a great help for the nationalists in the war.
@@MiguelGutierrez-vs9zu i think im missing some context
@@dinosaurusrex1482 you see, Franco's regime was not totally Fascist. Before the Civil War, there was the Falange Española de las JONS, the Spanish 3rd position party (ideologically close to Italy's fascism, but with their own flavor and goals). In the early stages of the war, communists and anarchists supported the republican side, so a lot of people that were against them joined the Falange as a way to fight them. The Falange joined Franco, along with the Carlists (a traditionalist party) giving strength in numbers to the National side (about 250k at one moment). After the nationalists victory, Franco as the leader decided to fuse all the political parties that helped him and the military rebels to win, that big party was called "Falange Española tradicionalista" and it became the single party of the government. Falange influenced several social policies, within the government ranks the classic fascist salute was implemented, the strong nacionalism was what made Spain get a good relationship with Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. You could call Franco's regime as a catholic nacionalist, that opposed fiercely communism, social democracy and most forms of liberal/libertarian ideas. For today's leftists, given that the Falange has catholicism within their norms, is easy to call Franco a Fascist.
How did I never hear of this SS attack on Vienna before? Incredible.
Thats why this channel is so educational.
another 20 min + well spend
Perhaps it's because you did not read books like 'The Order of the Death's Head' by H. Höhne?
Crazy right?
Austria + Mussolini opposing Hitler kinda undermines the simplicity of the historical narrative tho
It happens before the start date of HOI4 and therefore unimportant.
These are seriously one of the best history-series anywhere. For some reason, there hasn't been as many documentaries etc. about the interwar years which were crucial for the context and background that led to ww2
Exactly why we're doing them! Thanks a lot for your appreciation!
The 12-episode documentary series by Hugo Portisch called Österreich I is still worth to watch de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96sterreich_I
Yeah. I catch myself being more excited for the Between two Wars episodes, than I did /do for The Great War / WW2 episodes. While those contain anecdotes and details I have not hear about, these interwar episodes are filled to the brim with history I never ever realized, because they basically summarized in a few paragraphs in general history.
@@TimeGhost A fascinating and often over looked period. I just subscribed. Keep up the interesting work!
Why is ur comment about a JRE clip on the comment section for a history video
1:45 "From Germans to Croats to Italians to Poles to Czechs to many many more..."
Hungarians: "Are we a joke to you?"
*paprika and czardas intensify*
I suppose they will have to be happy with being a part of many many more
Dont worry, Im happy to be a part of the many more if you guys can make more of these awesome videos! :)
We certainly can!
@@TheCimbrianBull
*Csárdás.
Suddenly getting the urge for Paradox to make an Austria dedicated DLC
I know, right? They don't even have a focus tree of their own even though there are plenty of options like "Dissolve Austrofascism," "Play the Axis Against Each Other," "Support Horthy", and so on.
You should all go play kaisereich, base game is trash
Would be the first time maby where i wouldd play my homcontry and dont be annexd 2 years later xD
I modded Hoi4 a bit and now enjoy playing as Austria and resisting the Anschluß. But all the events that took place irl are too much to replicate for me on my own
shrillbert restore the monarchy
As a shut-in, disabled vet I want to say how much I appreciate your fine programs. I love studying history and it's channels like yours that help bring the classroom to my bedside.
Keep up the superb work!
I'm a shut in, disabled non vet ( childhood injury ), and I concur wholeheartedly. This is a great thing.
gentlemen, i salute you, twice i flew out of ind.twn.gap headed to warm and moist places as a young man in the 70's, i shall remember you both each day in my morning prayers, im in my 70s but still move about a bit. god speed.
nancy barnes that is a very kind thing to do. take it easy
Much Love
Hey, in its inscrutable wisdom, the al-go-rhythm showed me a channel 'Apostolic Majesty', presenting mostly European history, from antiquity to modern. Long 2+ hours videos.
Dolfuss is so underrated
"Out of a population of 6.5 million, approximately 500,000 Austrians were present at Dollfuss's burial in Vienna."
Dollfuss may be the most underappreciated leader in nationalist circles. He was not perfect, but he was a humble and devout man who fought well for the Catholic cause.
His example in life also shows some signs of sainthood, although it's very unlikely the modernist Holy See will ever revise his history considering he was a "fascist" dictator.
@@elefantemorangoeljustino1866 Well said.
@@elefantemorangoeljustino1866 Based Af, bro.
Oh to be a fly on the wall, or the table, or his lederhosen during the recording of that episode.
'Twas extremely entertaining!
@@TimeGhost I was impressed you didn't do a reshoot.
Indie is rockin' the "leather pants"...wow, now that I write it I realize how wrong that sounds...but I cannot bring myself to delete it. MUST-HIT-REPLY! Nooooooo
Wayne Moyer his lederhosen? That’s dedication!
What a riveting Austrian story, dissolving parliament, getting the Catholic Church to second/support laws, alliance with Italy as a both a geographical and ideological buffer against Hitler's Nazi Germany and a coup de ta by Austrian Nazis which ultimately Hitler denies......
Is there a movie or book that details this?!
Books, yes. 'The Anschluss Movement 1931-1938 and the Great Powers' by Alfred D. Low. 'Austria before and after the Anschluss' by David Lehr.
And Ian Kershaw had a good article in the Guardian 'The crisis of 1938 - some answers from seventy years on ( or: The Twisted Road to War )'.
Good luck on finding a comprehensive movie, from what I remember the Anschluss was covered in tv version of 'Rise and Fall of the Third Reich' ( book by: William L. Shirer ).
Coup d'Etat
"...when Engelbert Dollfuß decided to become fascist dictator..." You know, that's just something you decide to do one day
“This little man happened to be fighting to keep one little corner of Germany still a part of Christendom.” -G. K. Chesterton
"little corner of Germany?" Tell an Austrian that. They do speak a different language and both countries are overwhelmingly Christian. Austrians were adept at oppressing other peoples of a different culture and religion - viz WW1.
@@Longtack55 Dutch is also a different language, doesn't make them less Germanic.
David Renwick “Austrian” is decidedly not a different language than German, it’s like claiming Serbian and Croatian aren’t essentially the same Serbo-Croatian language in different alphabets, or that Ukrainian isn’t a variant of Russian, the only reason to do it would be to try and differentiate Austria more when it’s already its own country and has a different religion and culture, but now it’s trying to pretend it has its own language. Do the Swiss have a language now? How about Australia? I barely consider Dutch to be its own language.
Also study your history, there was incredible pro-German sentiment at this time in Austria, which had attempted to join Germany in 1918-19 (except under socialism instead of conservatism) and support had remained high for the idea if a right wing pro German party would do it, but the catholic character of the country was important to those in power and they had a sizeable support base as well. However once the Germans marched in, everyone forgot about Austria pretty much overnight. The idea that the Austrians were the “first victim” is laughable, not that I consider any fascist collaborators or executioners to be criminals anyway, as one can only operate under the circumstances he’s put under, so in addition to it not being true, I don’t think the “first victim” narrative is even necessary. But anyway, nobody would have argued in the 1930s that Austria wasn’t a “part” of Germany even before the Anscluß, in spirit at least.
@@Longtack55 lol austrians speak german just a dialect
@@TheLocalLt dutch is definitely a language and swiss basically too swiss german just has too many variants to get a standard like in high german but swiss ppl can talk and germans nd austrians exept vorarlberg ppl wont understand most of it
I've never heard this level of detail. Excellent work.
Thanks a lot!
To understand why Austria decided to side with Italy (it's former main enemy in WW1), you have to consider that neither France nor Great Britain were ready to defend Austrian independence. So Italy was the only great power left. Of course they proved not to be reliable in the end.
Germany had Weimar but Austria was a pure government of the Austrians? Yeah sure.
While Austria had conflicts with Italy it is not like there is a deeper rooted hate besides the political. In general the Austrian people are very sympathetic towards Italy.
@@murmor6890 Of course there is no hate. Nowadays we live in a united Europe after all and we are all brothers and sisters in our European culture. Yet, there is a bit of a "friendly historical animosity", which surfaces in dozens of jokes about Italians and their presumably lack of loyalty and courage (scusi, they are just jokes ;)). Insofar, Italy's decisions in WW1 tore up wounds that are still present today. If you consider how deep those wounds had to be back then, you will understand how desperate Austria had to be to ally with Italy.
@@invictus9185 Italy helped in securing Carinthia against Jugoslawian Kingdom troops and at least mediated in the Burgenland question with Hungary so it is a lot of back and forth.
The jokes however are usually connected to ww2, the Alpine front against Italy was definitely nothing for the faint hearted and the mountain troops typically respected each other.
@@murmor6890 Well, Italy's intervention in Carinthia was not done out of love for Austria, but to weaken Yugoslavia, since there were important train rails in Carinthia. In international politics, it's always about power and how to prevent others from getting it...
The jokes started way before WW2 and were partly nurtured by Austrian WW1 Propaganda. Actually, in WW2 there was already considerable distrust between soldiers of the Wehrmacht (which included Austrians) and their Italian allies, because they still remembered Italian actions in WW1.
12:45 I think it is important to note that even though Christian Social Party had anti-semitic background their government or Dollfuss's dictatorship did not implement any anti-Jewish laws (similarly to the Italian fascists) and their situation did not worsen until Anschluss. Dollfuss even had famous Austrian Jewish economist Ludwig von Mises as his advisor for some time.
Any time someone tells me that Fascism & Nazism are the same, I will send them this video.
While Dollfuss and the Patriotic Front supported Austria's independence, it isn't true that they were anti-German. The party's slogan was "Christian, German, Just and Free", and the national anthem of the time and the Lied der Jugend (Song of the Youth), a paean to Dollfuss, mentioned Austria's "Germanness". (Even your video includes a Dollfuss quote about the importance of German culture to Austria.) The Patriotic Front never denied but even explicitly highlighted that Austria was the second and, in their eyes, better German state.
When we speak of German in this context, we speak of the German Reich.
Those things didn't happen when Conrad von Hötzendorff was still Chief of Staff.
* Looks at Indy wearing Lederhosen *
*HEIDI HEIDO HEIDA*
*HEIDI HEIDO HEIDA!*
*HEIDI, HEIDO, HEIDA*
*HAHAHAHAHAHAHA!*
*Oompa oompa music intensifies*
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAH
*Accept - Fast As a Shark starts playing*
@@caldera11 Damn, you beat me to it lol
@@TheCimbrianBull LOL
DAS STEHT EIN FÖSTERHAUS
I had forgotten this event existed in 1934 but I am really glad you covered it since I don't know much about it.
You're welcome!
From the bottom of my heart I thank "Time Ghost History" and their talented host, Indy for being one of the very very VERY few people on the entire earth to actually understand that there is a vast difference between "Italian Fascism" and "German National Socialism"!!! Everyone from Baby Boomers to Millennials equate the two as one in the same. This is yet another reason why your UA-cam channels are THE PLACES to discover the detailed truths about the First and Second World Wars! Bravo Bravo! & for the females members of your staff, Brava! Brava!
Thank you
...''Everyone from Baby Boomers to Millennials equate the two as one in the same.'', in U.S. and Canada for sure...
What are you talking about? That information is out there and available.
@Jonathan Williams *Amen the that! FDR did more damage to America than almost any President of the 20th century!*
@@MrMenefrego1 I must both agree and disagree. (No, I am not trying to be contradictory.) FDR's 'New Deal" socialist programs did pave the way for other socialist programs such as LBJ's "Great Society" which resulted in the current welfare state we are still dealing with to this day. However, his political maneuvering to put in place things such as "lend lease", which propped up both Britain and Russia before the U.S. became officially involved in the war, went a long way to insuring the Axis would lose the war. His "fireside chats" over the radio also boosted the morale of the American people during those first dark days of the war when that boost was sorely needed. FDR was a complicated man in a complicated time, and while we should recognize his failures and mistakes, we should also recognize his successes. After all, none of us are perfect.
8:15 Would just throw in here when Indy says "corporatism" he doesn't mean like, economic corporations like we are accustomed to (though they count), the broader definition being worked with here is inclusive of organizations like the church, go figure, who would all have regions of responsibility.
church used to be state birocracy pre french revolution
every rising civilization has unity of church and state
Montenegro 17-19century
Imperial Japan since Meiji Restoration
Republican Rome predecadence that collapsed their fertility rates
Protestant kingdoms during age of protestant dominance
etc
once laws become based on voting or mood of the day/marketing society loses compass, everything becomes relative and gets a price tag and society starts its descent into failure
Hitler was in a way a traditional Germanic pagan priest king, with a strooooooong ceremonial role and holding regular mass and the party served as a church with non monetary goals and a metaphysical world of good and evil and a struggle for purity very alike other unitary societies.
@@utvara1 Are you high?
@@alexanderjohnson3014 hostile internet bullies display high levels of psychopatic and sadistic personality traits and have tendency towards bad life outcomes. Seek treatment.
"Corporatism (a polite word for fascism)" Jo Grimond.
@@williamfrancis5367 Corporatism is merely an economic system. There are fascist trends that adopt it (Mussolini’s Italy), there are fascist trends that don’t adopt it (Falangism), there are democratic trends that do (Many Christian Democratic parties), there are authoritarian trends that do (Salazar’s Portugal)
2:02 This map is inaccurate. Austria didn't lose Croatia. Croatia remained a part of the Empire right until 1918.
It may be referring to the fact that Austria-Hungary did actually lose Croatia a couple of days before Austria and Hungary formally split: ua-cam.com/video/3R2MhaYFx7Q/v-deo.html
@@TheLocalLt But he says "in the second half of the 19th century." And then he shows us a pre-1870 Germany. So this cannot possibly be anything to do with the end of the 1st World War.
Timrath during the part where they show Croatia as independent, Germany has its 1871-1918 borders.
When it then goes backwards to talk about Prussia, the 1815-1867 era Prussian and German Confederation borders are shown, along with the confederation’s internal borders, and Croatia is shown as being part of Austria.
So I have no idea whether it was their actual intention or not to show the empire after Croatia’s independence, but it does fit the map.
Wow, the rifle Engelbert would have used is almost as tall as he is at almost 130cm. With its bayonet it would tower over him
You think that rifle and bayonet tower over the person carrying it?
See photos of French soldiers early in WWI ..
@@williestyle35 I'm very aware of the infamous "Rosalie". Beginning of the war? The French Rosalie was still the most common issue of bayonet for the entire thing. Even the 1917 autoloader was ridiculously longer than it needed to be and says a lot about the disconnect from the realities of trench warfare and high command
Your map at 2:04 is incorrect, Croatia was part of the Austrian (from 1867. Austria-Hungarian) Empire until 1918
A lot of stuff in the maps were wrong
It may be referring to the fact that by the time Austria and Hungary split on Oct 31, 1918, the realm had already lost Croatia: ua-cam.com/video/3R2MhaYFx7Q/v-deo.html
And Bosnia?
@@barryirlandi4217 it was occupied by Austria-Hungary under the treaty of San Stefano in 1878., later confirmed on the Berlin Conference, and officially anexed in Austrian part of the empire in 1908. where it stayed until 29.10.1918. when it seceded as part of The State of Slovens, Croats and Serbs
@@TheLocalLt not quite, on the map there is Prussia, and when Indy is speaking he says "losses the territory in the second half of the 19th century. Austria fought and lost only two wars in that time, losing Lombardy in ~1860, witch is already not on the map in yellow, and losing the war with the Prussia, that resulted in Veneto being transferred to the Italy. To remove Croatia in that time frame is incorrect by itself, and also Czechoslovakia declared their independence sooner than us Croats I believe and it stayed on the map, I fear it is just a mistake, they have a lot of them when speaking about Balkans... I still remember Indy saying for 40 minutes STEPJAN Radić instead of Stjepan Radić, despite the fact that the writing was fixed in the second episode 😂
Great video! I almost find the interwar years more interesting than the war itself. It's like watching a horror movie buildup into a supernova that destroyed a continent.
MK ULTRA hey good point bro, it is fascinating!
Other than the USA Civil War period, I consider 1914-1945 the most exciting time historically ever. The most horrid as well.
As Austrian knowing our past quite well I have to say "Very well put together" which is not an easy task to do in general and even harder in a roughly 20 minutes video because it was very complicated and in hindside very confusing back in those days with all those political splinter groups and their factional leaders and only to understand when explained very detailed in great length from every angle, which you did and achieved in just 20 minutes.
"Chapeau"
A very well made episode which I (being Austrian) had a hard time taking serious because I permanently had to snicker about that outfit. Did you buy that on one of your visits to Austria during filming the Great War on the road? :-D Looks fabulous!
Fun fact: the post-WW2 successor party of the christian democrats had until recently a painting of Dollfuß in the rooms of their parliamentary club. It was removed some years ago however.
I love these episodes. In history class, the Interwar years are usually summarized in three ideas, Roaring 20s, Stock market crash and Appeasement. It was a long road to get to 1939. Thank you for showing it to us.
Thanks! And yes, the interwar era is sadly glossed over quite a great deal
On the note of definition, I'd follow in general the short statement from Mussolini as to what Fascism is: "All within the State, nothing outside the State, nothing against the State".
We dedicated an entire episode to it
@@TimeGhost I must have missed that one then.
Have you come across a historian youtuber called Tik? He does A LOT of detail on WWII and the interwar period - would be intruguing to see what you two make of eachother
We definitely do not agree on his analysis of Fascism and Naziism. He represents alternative politicized views on that, while we're sticking to boring grey historiography as agreed in academic circles outside of party politics. We prefer that road as we truly don't believe that party politics and history work together very well. Politicized historiography has done great harm, both to our science and the world in the past.
@@TimeGhost to each their own as the saying goes. I personally agree with him that if you want to stick to just dates and events you are a chronicler rather than historian - and he admits he dares to draw conclusions. I find it strange that it SEEMS to come across that you view his analysis as politically motivated rather than historically motivated - my own politics for instance were heavily shaped through reading history, not vice versa - why not his own?
I hope in your future episodes you will touch upon such facts as the Autarky policies for example, as well as the apparatus of how the state actually functioned, various offices' responsibilities (the Raumungskommando was one I hadn't heard of before). Keep up the good work with making history available to the new audience in an era of new media!
boffinboy100 thank you, we do our best. Obviously we hope that all of us learn from history and that it shapes our beliefs. Much like we hope that what we learn from all sciences shapes our world view. But to do that we have to make sure that those sciences are sound and epistemological. That means turning things the right way. So this is a sound statement: “I don’t care much for Socialism, because there are numerous examples of how it can be a slippery slope into authoritarianism.” It’s not so great to come up with this statement: “since Socialism can lead to authoritarianism, all authoritarian systems are a kind of Socialism.” There’s no specific political reason for that being wrong to do. It’s just wrong by the most basic standards of logic, and when we perform that kind of error, we make it impossible to learn the right things from history. Specifically, the arguments forwarded by the political side of this issue are based on false facts. Here two examples: the oft repeated fallacy that Nazi rule included strong labor friendly measures is an absolute and provable fallacy. Then there is the endless quotes of rhetoric by Goebbels presented as “proof” of Socialism, when we know from the man himself that he was lying to make himself sound that way to win votes. Ignoring things like that is immediately damaging to our ability to learn from the past. So no, we’re not just ‘chronicling things’ we’re making sure we stick to the facts and that they don’t get distorted by wishful thinking or opinion.
As an Austrian this is such a good historic overview. awesome!!
Actually sudetenland were historically part of the Czech monarchies. I actually live in sudetenland and yes there were many ethnic Germans in here (they are not anymore, because they were forcefully moved after the WW2) but pretty much anything in area which is called the Czech republic nowadays was historically part of either Moravian empire, or Kingdoms of the Czech crown (or inheriting regimes) and while they were ethnically german, they were Czech citizens. Until the WW2 Germans and Czechs in Sudetenland actually lived somewhat in harmony althougt the Czechs didn't take foreign rule very well and Germans (austrians) were an ethnic minority, who often would not want to be in as they considered lands of the czech crown to be backsavage region while all the power was in Austria.
It may seem odd, what would a bunch of germans do in a slavic country, so it may lead you to the conclusion, that was indeed german region, but the truth is a little bit less intuitive. Given our (Czech) position in europe, especially close proximity to both Germany and Austria it historically led to a lot of conflicts, cooperations and even merging into one empire at some points, like the Holy Roman empire or, yes, thats right, Austria Hungary. Actually in Czechia german was so often used, that we had to have so called Czech national revival, which was focused on teaching the czechs to speak czech again, especially the intelligence, which was under heavy german influence from ca. early 17th centrury and even nowadays the czech language is full of germanism and it is heavily influenced by german.
Normally i wouldn't give this tiny detail so much attention, but since this was historically so important, that it allowed ocuupation of my homeland it might not be a tiny detail after all.
Indy in Lederhosen, now I've seen it all!
Don't burn all your powder just yet, we are not nearly finished yet.
What a fascinating breakdown of the complex political situation, and how it all ended up.
Incredibly interesting and so entertaining. Facts and the right fotage to important events. I love the style in which these episodes are made!
Thanks!
I love this longer episode. Brightens my end of the week
Thanks for that comment!
This and Sabaton History give me something to look forward to on Thursdays.
Do you also watch the World War Two episodes on Saturdays?
TimeGhost History yes I do, those episodes give me something to look forward to to on Saturdays.
it's to good to hear about what is happening in Austria, we often forget about it with all the other countries involved
UA-cam: *I find this offensive!*
Me: No, this is just history, interesting history.
Seeing history channels having to provide leftist identity credentials for speaking facts is fascinatingly ironic.
Hi all, just wanted to say I am a massive history nerd (especially World War I and II) and just stumbled upon TimeGhost History. This scratches the itch I had ever since I was growing up with The History Channel (when it was actual history and not aliens.) I love both Between Two Wars and the World War II week by week series and can't wait for more.
Indy, you have a super fan here. Keep it up!
Thank you and welcome aboard!
And we think we have difficult politics today....:)
And that's why its so important to spread the knowledge of this stuff around. Get some context on what parts of modern politics are frivolous, and which are dangerous.
BTW the last government we had here in Austria was a coalition between the former Dollfuß party and the successor to the Austrian Nazis
My country (Belgium) is again on course of breaking the world record of days without a government in peacetime. It has now been 150 days after the last election and we still don't have a federal government. A few years back it took over one year and a half (541 days or 589 days if you include the period before the elections).
The largest party in Flanders wants to split the federal country into a confederation. The largest part in Wallonia is socialist and wants to keep the country as is. Flanders currently richer and more populous. Voters from Flanders typically cannot vote for Wallonian parties and vice versa. Instead, the largest parties are split into Flemish and Wallonian sister parties. Additionally, we have 6 more non-federal governments, ruling over partially overlapping pieces of land and populations.
Yes, politics is difficult today.
@@Lttlemoi i wonder if the king has said anything. I've heard nothing about this
@@Lttlemoi - Spain has been without a functional government for almost a year already and it could be the same for the next various months, as two successive snap elections have failed to provide a stable majority after the motion of no-confidence against Mariano Rajoy. The current government has been "provisional" ("en funciones") since April 30th. So relax...
16:25 is not Southern Tyrol it‘s Northern Tyrols capital Innsbruck. (Mariensäule, Maria-Theresia-Straße)
Live 10min from there.
I thought that Indy in Lederhosen would begin yodeling and start dancing! 😀
We're still serious historians;)
@@TimeGhost
Yeah, sure. Of course you are! 😁
Since they're serious historians it'll just be a perk for Patreon supporters :P
Another excellent video. I only discovered this channel last week, but find myself watching chapter after chapter. I enjoy the narration and the sense of humour. Great storytelling. Thanks!👍👍
how is Engelbert Dollfuss remembered in Austria? is he remembered fondly or negative?
No idea - you'd have to ask people from Austria
Depends. Conservatives and monarchists remember him and take him in great respect as Austria's last stand for independence. Social democrats and more left wing, with the exception of the KPÖ hate him and put him with hitler. But in general people like him
"Austrofaschismus" = Austro fascism is kind of forgotten in the eyes of the Austrian public. The people that were old enough to differentiate between the Dollfuß-Schuschnigg government and the Nazi regime are mostly dead or very old at this point. So the only people alive still, like my greatgrandmother, were children at this point. They mostly remember the Nazi years, because of the "Hitlerjugend" and the war. Most people I know, who are not interested in history or who are not very well educated, don't even know who Dolfuß and Schuschnigg are, despite the fact that Austro fascism is a very important topic in Austrian history lesson.
So to answer your question in short outside of people that have strong roots in the conservative or the social democrat party nobody really remembers Dollfuß or knows who he was.
@@buttpain171 Depends, over here in Innsbruck its a mini civil war everytime the subject comes up
Okey guys, thank you for your comments. I was searching for this question on google and you basicly gave the same response :). But I was thinking for the reason he tried to keep Austria independent he might have become a martyr or someone that you might celebrate. But I guess the fascist years are too much of a touchy subject.
A fascinating series of documentaries between the wars, I am really enjoying them. Thank you for uploading them.
I'm glad you like them! Cheers!
@@TimeGhost thank you, I have subscribed to your channel and look forward to watching more content. Best wishes from here in the UK.
Cheers! Happy holidays!
6:42 Nice to see the rare Berndorf helmet in use. And the soldier manning the machine gun appears to have misunderstood how to wear his German-produced Stahlhelm :-P
Sehr Danke TimeGhostHistory. I never knew the time before the Anschuss was so complicated. Geweldig intressant.
Nice Outfit Indy....and great episode...cheers from Romania !!!
Hi Andie, I am following many of your programs. It is only today that I have come across this documentary about the interwar years in Austria. I have to admit, that I have rarely seen an equally well researched piece.
The backstory to The Sound of Music you never knew you needed!
Also, Indy, you really know how to rock a pair of lederhosen.
He's just a kid
Well I'm just Austrian
Amazing video! Very detailed facts about something anybody hardly knows! And a not very black-and-white story at that!
Thank you for the appreciation!
16:08 The reason is much simpler. Mussolini is aware what Hitler means when he talks about "Das Dritte Reich", The Third Realm. Mussolini understands that Hitler's "Reich" is the "successor" of the the Holy Roman Empire, the first realm, of which Italy used to be a part. Mussolini supports the regime in Austria because he knows that should Hitler be successful on the global stage Nazi-Germany would come for Italy in the end. You can tell from this political move that Mussolini understands the predicament of the situation he found himself in. Should Hitler beat his enemies it's the end for Mussolini and he knows it, but should Nazi-Germany lose the war too badly then it would take Italy down with it. Thus an argument could be made that Mussolini realizes early on that the "end game" for him looks like it did in the end for Italy. Italy can pick by whom it is defeated and perhaps on what terms, but it will be defeated by a larger power.
Hitler's "Third Reich" rhetoric was just that - conjuring up images of a glorious past for his propaganda. He didn't care in the slightest for any actual recreation of the HRE, or anything like that. Hitler was driven by nationalism and racism, not historical reenactment.
@@varana Well that is right and wrong at the same time. Of course Hitler didn't really want to recreate the actual HRE, as it wasn't really an empire, as Voltaire astutely observed.
Fascism was a reactionary movement and as such they were very concerned with the past and whenever they didn't like the real past they tried to rewrite history to make it fit their world view. The same is true of religious myth, whenever it didn't serve their purpose they changed it.
The total war they propagated had the added objective to force their vision of the past onto the world and this is why Hitler wanted to make true in his lifetime what he wanted people to believe was true in the past. Therefore yes "outshining" the historical HRE was absolutely a part of the plan and thus yes annexing Italy would have been a part of completing that plan.
It strikes me as odd when people try to defend the HRE or religious ideology by claiming that it wasn't on the agenda of the Nazis or that they weren't motivated by those things. Nazi-Germany was deeply religious and glorifying the HRE, which had many faults of its own. It absolutely was on their minds, hadn't Hitler tried to emulate his vision of HRE then he wouldn't have called Nazi-Germany the Third Realm, Hitler absolutely wanted to establish a strong connection with that faux image of an actually failed empire.
@@Ryan_Winter "Fascism was a reactionary movement and as such they were very concerned with the past"
kind of, during its early days fascism was strongly influenced by futurism (absolute rejection of the past) spearheaded by marinetti, but of course once mussolini was in power and when nazi influences started to creep in, most of the futurist ideas were abandoned.
@@loscopihues2343 "Rejection of the past", what are you talking about? Well Germany certainly rejected its recent history and its defeat in WWI, the rhetoric and the efforts of Hilter's regime were focused on undoing that part of history as fast as possible. If that is "rejection of the past" then you are right, but everything the Nazis in Germany did was in pursuit of "righting history" and to emulate a vision of what supposedly had once been true.
Again they called it "Das Dritte Reich" and Hitler meant it. The early stage of his powergrab was solely concerned with annexing the territories Germany had lost after its defeat in WWI to re-establish greater Germany within the borders the second realm, the Wilhelminian Empire, used to have. The claim that Germany had capitulated in spite of alledgedly "having never been defeated in the field" was one of Hitlers central talking points to win over people. And after the defeat of France they staged the signing of the surrender terms by France to mirror the german signing of its surrender terms at the end of WWI.
@@Ryan_Winter I'm talking about italian fascism, the "generic fascism" theory has already long been in disuse by modern hstorians, nazism is a total different beast from italian fascism.
but, yes nazis were totally concerned with the past, that is true, one of many reasons why marinetti lamented the fact that italian fascism was becoming more and more influenced by natsoc ideology something that giovanni gentile (fascist official philosopher) had similar sentiments since they felt that fascism was losing its revolutionary potential. There's a reason why the "official" fascist art (futurism) was very modern with its themes (speed, dynamism,movement,etc.)meanwhile nazi art tried to present a perfect image of the past, just like you said
"everything the Nazis in Germany did was in pursuit of "righting history" and to emulate a vision of what supposedly had once been true."
Arno breker is the best representative of this vision.
I don't know why I'm getting this on my page. I really enjoyed every minute. Well thought and well explained. I'm glad I learned a lot more about Austria
Now THAT would be an interesting bit of Alternate history, a war between Austria and Italy vs Germany over the Vienna uprising.
@@shadowdctr wOw wE spEaK tHe sAmE laNgUagE anD hAve SiMilAr cUltUre SO WE HAVE TO BE RELATED
The Stresa Front being kept would be nice
@17:26 the armored car featured here is the "Skoda PA-II 'Zelva'"
"Skoda. Simply clever"
I love too see a video on Ireland from the Irish work of Independence to the Irish civil war to the Irish state emerging from the ashes of war
Never change, Indy!
He couldn't if he tried
Thank you for this video. Very informative 👍🏻🇦🇹
Whuuut!?! How are you here, all these years later??
South Tyrol is an Austrian minority, till today. Broken away by Italy after invading Austria-Hungary in 1915, despite being their allies. The rest of Tyrol is within Austria. Hitler never was interested in the reunification of Tyrol, despite being born in Austria. He even forced the minority to think about leaving South Tyrol, which was only halted because he lost the war. The first civil war was mainly between social democrats and the christian party, the fighting around the murder of Dollfuß was named a second civil war and mainly between Nazis and the state of Austria. Mussolini stood by Austria because he wanted a puffer to Germany and quickly gave Austria up to Germany, when he saw Hitler helping him out in some of his political affairs.
Once again, great details on yet another side of evils opposed to one another, gives interesting points of view in an often simplified political landscape. Keep up the great work!
Thanks a lot for your appreciation!
This is my favourite history channel, and believe me I watch a few. I studied the British Imperial Century leading up to WW1. I have also done a lot of reading and viewing of WW1 and WW2, but have such a rudimentary knowledge of the history between the two world wars. Than you for enlightening me.
You are very welcome! Thanks for the kind words!
@@TimeGhost I meant it all
🇦🇹🇭🇺 brothers United
I'm surprised and delighted that there was an ad run before this video!
So were we!
Yep, I had 2 longer ads
Indy is killing the outfit game today! #jodlwibes
Thanks for this episode. This is actually a kinda not so talked about topic in history books in general. I did hear about Dollfuss, but not that much tbh, altough I sit in the neighbouring country. Way too much topics about Horthy in Hungarian books from this time.
Great video. However I'm about 95% sure the pic at 16:26 is showing Innsbruck which is in North Tyrol not South Tyrol. I think it's the Anna Säule in the Marie-Theresien Straße
Yes, you are right (which is a rather pathetic mistake considering that I, Spartacus checked the episode and I live not that far from Innsbruck).
To be fair it was easy for me to spot since I live 20min from Innsbruck. Considering that I should actually have been 100% sure not only 95% :)
Indy, you neglected to mention that there were at least a dozen 'German States' fighting on Austria's side in the Austro-Prussian War. And, why didn't you stand up and model your lederhosen?
Mainly because this video is not about the Austro-Prussian war. We only mentioned that for a bit of context.
17:30: That armoured car looks like something out of a 1960s sci-fi film. :-P
Alopex Škoda PA-II
Bruh he’s 4 feet tall? He’s shorter than me and I’m 5’ 2”
4'11, but yeah.
yep, that's how numbers work
People in the past tend to be shorter than those in the present and eventually the future, this can depend on a number of factors but usually today it's because of the nutrients, chemicals, or whatever we put in our body
Manlets of the world unite
@@EJ_Red 4'11 would be considered dwarfism or near dwarfism. That's not something just caused by poor nutrition.
THANK YOU for this video!!! I’ve been researching my in-laws family tree and their ancestors were exactly in the middle of what happened in this video, so it’s so good to learn.
HOLY SHIT AUSTRIA WENT THROUGH SO MUCH
Yes indeed, it went through so much shit. I'm feeling kind of stupid now, since I always put the Austrians into the same cathegory as the Germans...
Great video. Didn’t know all that much on the Austrian angle of things so I learned a lot. Very fascinating time and country .
Can you make a video about Oswald Mosley and the BUF?
This is amazing every part is so beautifully done👍🏻🙂
Although the so called Austro Facists tried to keep Austria independent from Nazi Germany, even they claimed that Austria was nevertheless a german nation. Even Dollfuß was called "a brave german men" in the Fatherland Fronts Anthem. Austria should remain as an independent german and catholic nation. Modern Austrians usually do not like being called germans but back then must people saw Austria as a smaller second german state.
@Humanity Galatica For the most part. But they usually deny that.
I learned quite a bit from this video.
Excellent work!
Amazing, I didn’t know Austria had it’s own fascist movement. Especially one that got into power.
This is such a great channel it brings events out of the shadows of history for everyone too see. And with that a better understanding of history around WW2..
Thanks for your appreciation!
when y'all are done with series can y'all do the victorian era/guilded age?
Wow! Never expected to see stuff like that on UA-cam. Keep up the good work!
Thanks!
The authoritarian Catholic state that Dollfuss established actually sounds pretty interesting, a shame it ended up being shortlived.
I agree.
The Austrian fascism is very like portuguese fascism at this period, if we take the Austrian one, looks like he was describing the Estado Novo regime, until 1949 at least, it would take reforns because well, fascism was longer "cool".
He made terrible economical and social policy , eventhough he had not so bad idea, he should have worked together with social democrats
I reminds me a lot of Franco
@@DonGius1 "
He made terrible economical and social policy , eventhough he had not so bad idea"
So all his ideas were bad but he somehow had good ideas? Are you insane?
Yay. Thank you, Indy & team
you're welcome!
Do you really do this in a single take, or some amazing editing?
I guess the editing is amazing, because we rarely manage one take
There are tons of edits on every video.
i love your work guys. please keep it up!
We will do our best! Thanks.
Fascism: The regimentation of society around a collective greater good, a moral law which is embodied into the "Fascist State" however the Fascist State being of an entirely different definition then of the standard, the term State within the Fascist concept refers to the ideal, the collective, everyone. Hence it is Total and Above all as the good of everyone is above all. Honour, Duty, Self Perfection, Virtue are the Morals of the Fascist State, everything is formulated around this, hence a Fascist Society is a Meritocracy at all levels, behooving the individual to work on themselves, therefore, adhering to the Moral Code as it is their only method of advancing in said society. The whole meaning to this State is for the people to be bonded by something else then Region, Race or Ethnicity -they are bonded by an idea, a certain good, the State. Social Cohesion within the Fascist Society is achieved merely by the nature of the philosophy and the organization formed around it. Even not obeying it is part of the plan, it is a hierarchy of merit and dedication, you need people at the bottom as well, therefore it is all about your own will, therefore arguably it the fairest hierarchy you may acquire. Whilst Nazism is the idealization of a Race, formed around Social Darwinism, Hierarchy of Races. Extensively different, perhaps some cores to it lay similarity, by execution and the nature of it in practice; it is not similar at all.
You might be interested in our video breaking down what fascism is and isn't: ua-cam.com/video/t9PYCxIyyF8/v-deo.html
It has been so much over used it lost meaning. Mussolini, Hitler were fascist that pretty much everybody agrees(despite having several differences between each other). Then things start to get murky, some say spain and portugal also were, other say brazil was fascist too. And if we put the soviet definition then everyone and their mother are fascists.
I like the quite from Suits. Congratulations for these detailed episodes about these almost forgotten events!
A most interesting episode indeed. I noticed the Austrian machine gunner had his M16 helmet on back to front , 6 minutes in to the video!
Possibly to not have back side of helmet hitting his back when he "kisses ground"
First, as an undergrad history major, combat veteran, and former instructor of history at West Point, my congratulations to Indy for this terrific series.
Second, a salute to his prop manager, who seems to nail the accessories and background atmosphere in each episode, which adds a layer of authenticity.
WELL DONE.
Thank you for your kind words and your support!!
@@TimeGhost You’re most welcome. One question: is the Kackelofen behind Indy in the video real, or a two-dimensional cutout? Either way, a very nice touch :)
my great-grandfather fought in the civil war (with the Communists), and I still learned a lot from this video. Very well researched. Unfortunatly we still don't learn this history in Austria. The decendents of Dolfuss (the ÖVP) have been in power for too long. :)
Yes, we need a conservativ party in austria. All hail diversity.
As kids growing up in the Netherlands my dad and uncle wore lederhosen and my dad said they were uncomfortable and he hated wearing them. Any comments on the comfort of yours Indy?
They're not too uncomfortable - if you have a good one that has been worn for some time, they are even very comfortable. But what i find more interesting is that your dad and uncle wore them, growing up in the Netherlands. Lederhosen is traditionally Bavarian/Austrian, but to my knowledge was not a part of Dutch fashion.
@@TimeGhost I'm actually not sure why they did but I've got pictures! Maybe my oma liked the way they looked? Or they were on sale? And that makes sense, worn in leather is much softer. Thanks for the response! Love what you guys do!
Thanks a lot for your support!
"Armed militias of the socialdemocrats."
Imagine socialdemocrats who were serious enough to have an armed militia?
"WE FIGHT FOR REFORMED CAPITALISM WITH A PROGRESSIVE TAX RATE AND A STRONG SOCIAL SECURITY NET! URRRRAAAAAAAA!"
@@NebulaMortis06 FORWARDS!!!!
ALL MARXISTS,FASCISTS AND CORPORATISTS SHALL BE CRUSHED UNDER OUR BOOT!!!!
UUUUUURRRRRRAAAAAA!!!!!!
Back then the social democratic movement was predominated by Marxists and they aimed to develop a socialist economic system. After WW2 they abandoned that idea in favor of a capitalist welfare state.
You guys ever heard German Iron Front? Those are bunch of SocDems
I once read a comment on post-WW1 Austria to the effect that: 'Vienna is now a city without visible means of support'. The psychological as well as economic trauma immediately after 1918 must have been tremendous.
Not all communists are Marxists.
only the real ones
I only noticed the Lederhose after i read the comments. Great episode and keep on going.
Thanks a lot!
Indy, I think that your lederhose is bayerisch and not Austrian 😂
Also having live in Austria, I can recommend a very good exposition about the interwar years at the Linz museum.
People literally were starving after the 1st World War. Those were very complicated times.
Not easy to explain to today's Austrians since Austria is quite a wealthy country today....
Yes it is Bayerisch, the studio is in Bayern and we didn'thave any Austrian version lying around. Paints a picture though.
"Paints a picture though." Spoilers!!!
I don't think "painting" is a spoiler after 1933 at the latest ..
@@williestyle35 Did you mean 1938?
ananym ,that would also apply. I should have referred to the "painter" not being a surprise.
Good call.
Nice going, extremely complete and informative. Including the end quote. Thanks!
Engelbert Dollfuss was a hero.
Wether or not someone is a hero is purely subjective.
@@TimeGhost You might as well have said that valuation is purely subjective.
@@Dirkinsang yes
Nein
Learning something new every time I watch your presentations - cheers 🍺