OK, so this video is about Naziism to some degree, it's also a serious look at how Germany started transitioning into Naziism - this is not speculation, it's not even very controversial, it just happens to not fit with many popular superficial misconceptions. Now, we love it when you guys debate under our videos, even when it's in disagreement with something we or somebody else said, but before you do so please save us some time and read our rules and consider if your post is against our rules,. If you think it might be, consider editing or just not posting it - otherwise you're just wasting our time and your own - because no matter what, we will moderate this. If you're going to post that the Versailles Treaty was to blame you might want to read this instead: community.timeghost.tv/t/why-the-treaty-of-versailles-didnt-cause-naziism-answering-a-guy-on-youtube/1858 - that's Indy's extensive answer to that claim. If you're going to claim "Naziism was Left Wing" well you can do that, we don't suppress opinions, not even silly ones, but we suggest that you read this instead: timeghost.tv/national-socialism-an-extreme-left-wing-ideology/ that's Spartacus explanation why it is not considered so by historians (and why it's not really that important). If you're going to praise Naziism or celebrate Communism, or propose that any other form of lethal extremism is a great idea - just don't, we do remove any promotion for lethal anti-democratic ideologies, and will probably revoke your positing privileges. If you're going to start peddling conspiracy theories about Jews controlling [insert your crazy idea here] or "it was the Jews"- definitely don't do that or it will be last thing you post here. If you're going to say that stopping German Communism is what caused Naziism - well you can do that... it's pretty much wrong or at least a gross misrepresentation, and you'll look like an idiot to anyone who knows their factual German history, but you can do that if publicly proclaiming ignorance is your thing - we would however suggest waiting for our next video on Germany's elections 1932 for a more correct take on that instead. *TimeGhost rules of conduct:* STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks. AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates. HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban. RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban. PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban
@@BQD_Central you don't have to read all the comments we get and you don't have to clean up the mess when the death threats and calls for mass murder start raining in - because that is what happened _every single time_ if we don't moderate the comments under a video that is about Naziism or Communism or Judaism or Turkey or the Balkans.
Germany: I. Declare. BANKRUPTCY The Allies: Germany you're a country, you can't just say you're bankrupt to get out of reparations Germany: I didn't say it, I declared it.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Those reparations did help. They just didnt help Germany. France had so many problems they revived payments in coal, wood and telephone poles. Germany didnt have to rebuild roads, railroads, telephone lines, they didnt have parts of their land turned into a rotten swamp.
@@dennisrost1874 I didnt. Germany did when it started WWI. Blockade was as obvious, and the decision to start a war and be blocked was German. And the decision to sink British merchant ships without warning (that was forbidden, blockades werent) to block its economy instead of fighting the force that blocks them was also German.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Yes reparations helped France, you geyman asshole. Helped in repairing the war damage that Germany didnt have. It helped paying the WWI bills cause in WWI Germany occupied 2/3 of their industry. It helped people rebuild their homes. Still there were farmers dying in France decades after WWI from dud artillery shells. It helped in repairing roads, railroads and telephone lines and Germany had the most telephones per man in the world back then. Thats where the money went. Thats why they were called reparations. And you mentioned 1940? No, France didnt spend its reparations on military training. You are right that Germany started spending that money on military as soon as they stopped paying, but that is not a good thing.
If there's one lesson here, it's that democratic governments must address the needs of their people, or undemocratic ones who promise to address said needs will come to power.
I agree. I'm not an historian, but it seems obvious to me that a drowning people will grab at any life preserver that is thrown to them. And the more unscrupulous the politician, the more appealing he can make that life preserver appear, even if it is truly made of stone.
I agree too, but the issue / common challenge is that democracy creates an extremely bloated backlog of priorities & needs. The honourable path is not the most efficient one, but there is merit in listening to people.
One of the worst things that can happen to an economy is people losing faith in it. The human element is more present in that science than perhaps any other.
@@harbl99 Oh absolutely, it is indeed very silly. Even so, it's hard to argue with what happens when there is a mass panic. Economics is like Tinkerbell. Believe in it and it works.
In "fake" money economies this is very true. Once economies go off a hard currency there really is very little popping it up outside of the decision by everyone using it that they're going to pretend it has value.
@@drsch Indeed, money has value because we agree it has value. If the government collapses tomorrow, it's all just worthless paper. But I think we can all agree that this method has mostly worked just fine for everyone involved.
@@drsch "Hard" currencies are just as fairy dust as anything else. Gold for example has very little intrinsic value outside some electronics manufacturing. You can't eat it, you can't make useful tools with it. It's just shiny and doesn't rust, it has value because people say it's valuable. Dollars DO have intrinsic value backed by an entire nation's economy by the way, it's no more "pretend" than any other kind of contract. A US dollar can be used to repay one US dollar's worth of government tax or dept, simple as that. That's why Germany stopping paying reparations hurt so much: If a government is shown to be unreliable in meeting it's financial obligations then the money it's printing is just expensive toilet paper.
Just finished Binging The Great War week by week and now I'm doomed to spend the next few months binging everything these guys touch, every special episode and video on their other channels. I'm addicted!
I don't know if this will be mentioned in the next one, but Bruning was so desperate to stop the extremists, he even discussed bringing Prince Wilhelm of Prussia(Crown Prince Wilhelm's oldest son) out of exile and crown him Kaiser as a constitutional monarch, which, he thought, would pacify not only the Nazis, but the other nationalists led by Franz von Papen. Hindenburg was shocked at the idea and effectively slapped him down.
Those are Bulgarian money on the table (levas) and the banknote of 2 leva is actually no longer printed but replaced with a coin which makes the paper one quite rare to have.
It was left over from a trip to Bulgaria I made many years ago - I believe there are some other currencies in there that are less visible as well - Astrid simply grabbed some bills that looked good out of our 'old defunct bills' stash. The coins that you can't see so well are also old cancelled currency (mostly D-Mark and Pfennigs).
@@spartacus-olsson I have some occupation currency (what the germans issued) from the netherlands in WW2. its terribly made out of rubbish metal, but i guess they took most of the actual currency out of the country. Its interesting to see the changes to countries in minor ways, as well as major, under occupation. So many stories from the family about what went on and how they survived it.
In many ways we are about to relive the roaring twenties all over again but with it comes the same social tensions. I hope we learned that more freedom is the answer rather than more security
@@zexal4217 What are your sources? Hollywood movies and the History channel? They're just propagandistic baloney. Most of the sources I use are a bit harder to get because of the mass censorship by xionists or I used direct interviews of people that had worked in the system. Serbs, Norwegians, Dutch and Ukrainians.
It actually makes sense when you think about it. Sure, the reparations damaged the economy, but admitting that you cannot pay makes people loose faith in you. Thus not investing, because you cannot be trusted with money. Whops. Economics suck
They always tell you parts of truth and other parts aren't even mentioned. Germany was forbidden to leave gold standard while the others were decreasing their own currency. Only one point of so many not mentioned. Propaganda, as always, is best when not lying, but not telling the real story.
Germany: guys, I really can't pay these reparations, there's not gonna be any money coming in at all. Allies: didn't we just lend you a bunch of money? Germany: *sets everything on fire in a panic*
Hej, so this whole channel along with the great war is so well historically summarized. I'm beyond impressed. As a historian I would introduce this to schools. Some of the aspects that I did not pay enough time and attention are so clear to me now. Helps to connect the dots up to the early '50. Tons of material you guys must go thru. Thanks and keep it up. Shame for such a relatively small audience. You've been doing this for a long time I see. Shame on UA-cam manipulations.
@@toqtoq3361 Please, we had the choices between a turd sandwich and a giant douche and all you can come up with is apolitical mishaps and crimes? What we really need is political leaders that don't fan the flames of the extremist ends of politics and conspiracy theorists but I will tell you Trump didn't start this fire and he is not helping either.
this video is damning historical evidence of the fallacy of austerity in the face of an economic crisis. Spending must be rationalised and bloat trimmed, yes, but mindlessly pursuing the balancing of the books at all costs is both counterproductive, and disastrous at a human level.
"... The communists are again calling for the abolition of capitalism, and for revolution." This is the song that never ends, yes it goes on and on _and on_ *AND ON* my friends.
@@Pyxis10 Workers abused by capitalists started singing it more than a century ago. Capitalists still send members of SCOTUS around the world on yachts and still screw over workers, so yeah, the song goes on…
Prior to watching The Great War, I was under the impression that Hindenburg was a one of the great generals of the war. Your program suggested to me that, while he was technically in charge (as field marshal and later chief of staff), it was Ludendorf who was calling the shots. As President of the Weimar republic, I gain a similar impression that the same applies, i.e., while he was a revered figure and technically in charge, it was the chancellors who were calling the shots. If true, this perception puts him in a whole new light, not as a leader but as a figurehead and follower of those who advised him.
It's hugely interesting to me that Hindenburg's big "win" at Tannenburg/Masurian Lakes was already planned and in the process of being put into action by Gen. Francois before Hindenburg and Ludendorf showed up on the scene, though they get the credit and Francois is a footnote in history.
Your series about the Cuba Crisis. I recently watched it again theough your playlist. And I think it would be better if you include the ”tsar bomba over paris”, ”uboat diary” and other of your special episodes of the cuba crisis in that playlist. Just a recombination
I've been watching Sir Indy since the Great War, and up to here, I just gotta say it... Sir Indy Is the Professor we all wish we had but never did (or never could afford). . .Thank you for these lectures sir!
Another great episode on the economic front. I have found it troubling how some people fail to tie the Depression in as an indirect effect of the Great War. You cannot tank the second largest economy in the world and not have a instability and that instability played a roll in the decline. Just think about it, you have farmers who are suffering from low prices in the rural parts of America and you have Germany, which needs to import food, struggling economically. One affects the other and this is just one example of that. Much more impacted is the banks being interconnected and the fact that global finance is collapsing during this time. As that happens, the global supply of credit is shrinking drastically. Absent gov't spending to invest in the economy, the only source left is credit based investment just as that investment is drying up, it is a recipe for disaster.
Who are you Mr. Indy Neidell your delivery and narration is amazing. To the point and never miss a beat! I love this channel!!!! Maybe I'm just biased because I love history.
The reparations question was further complicated by the fact that France paid reparations (in full) to Prussia following both the Napoleonic wars and the Franco-Prussian war as well as Germany's deliberate policy of churlishly flooding mines and destroying factories in Northern France as they retreated in 1918. Post WW2 the reparations issue was "solved" by France retaining control of much of the German coal production until 1952. This was still causing problems in the Ruhr region even then which resulted in France agreeing to hand control back to Germany subject to an agreement (cartel) on industrial coal, iron and steel production and prices in order to ensure their own production remained competitive. This agreement morphed into the Common Market which in turn morphed into the European Union.
So they had two debt reliefs after they started two world wars that ended the European hegemony in the planet. But other European countries should not dare to ask for something similar (after buying German products!). What a sad hypocrisy.
I watched a couple of episodes but for the first time i paid attention to the money on your desk. If you are curious-the violet bill is 2 leva and the man on the front is Paisii Hilendarski-a monk and a writer of a very influential book . The coins are hard to say, but i think i see 1 lev coin, 2 leva coin and/or 50 stotinki coin (1 lev is 100 stotinki. The word "sto" means 100 in Bulgarian). Behind the beer on the plate is 5 leva bill and the man on it is Ivan Milev- a painter. You really surprised me with this :) Thanks Edit: I wonder what's the origin of the other details in the studio. If everyone knows please write
Some one asked a smiliar question, here is Spartacus' response. Spartacus Olsson 15 hours ago It was left over from a trip to Bulgaria I made many years ago - I believe there are some other currencies in there that are less visible as well - Astrid simply grabbed some bills that looked good out of our 'old defunct bills' stash. The coins that you can't see so well are also old cancelled currency (mostly D-Mark and Pfennigs).
Stunning. I was so impressed that I went to the city and bought a pair of braces, (or suspenders as North Americans would call them). Great analysis of very complex developments in world economics. Bugger me, Indy, I thought I was at a John Maynard Keynes lecture!
Love the 2 levs on Indy's desk. Will you cover the situation in Bulgaria between the wars? Its chaos when it comes to political parties,violence and national unification.
It's interesting to see these problems compared with all those third world problems that have also been suffering from unsustainable debt. It's only surprisingly recently that we've started to see the beginnings of a framework for international debt. Surprising, given how big of a part this played in the run-up to WW2.
It's unfortunate to say this, but if the allies had marched their armies on Berlin it's a good chance that WWII would have been averted. The allies failed by letting the German government spread lies about the reparations and it's defeat in WWI. A show of force would have let everyone in Germany know to truth. The people would have probably resented being defeated, but it would actually show they were defeated in full.
It’s a Dutch 18th masonry heater, also called ceramic heater that was originally in a mansion in Munich until WW2. It was then disassembled and stored in a cellar to preserve it from the wartime bombing. When Munich was being rebuilt the owners ended up never reinstalling it and instead sold it, so that in 1947 it was installed here. The mason who installed it turns 96 this year and two years ago he came to visit when he was on a tour together with his daughter to see all the masonry heaters he had installed during his career one last time. He installed this one and two more in the house we film in, one of them is a 19th century high end ceramic wood stove which is a miracle of technology - Spartacus still cooks on it once in a while.
@@TimeGhost THAT IS QUITE A HISTORY FOR A HEATER! It is not every heater that may go through bombings and still be used to heat. And also what a portfolio this mason should have in order to be touring and see its past work. Come on! Even your scenarios have history, I wonder if you could do more videos about it as well haha. For me it is very interesting how this technology worked in the past as I study civil engineering and usually you don't pay attention for ancient construction methods. Thanks for the answer! And as always keep up the good work!
Astrid got it on eBay - but you can get similar ones in many glassware shops in Bavaria - here's link to German eBay with some examples www.ebay.de/b/Bierkrug-Glas-mit-Deckel/bn_7005635530
The artist is Tamara Łempicka. The left-hand painting is called 'Portrait of a Young Girl in a Green Dress' and the right-hand one is titled 'Portrait De Madame Boucard'
@@TimeGhost I've seen in a lot of documentaries about the Nazis that Goebbels had quite a reputation as a ladies man. WTF? Seriously? I know this has nothing to do with the topic of the video but I just had to say it.
The point is what we learnt form it. Either you learn that Germany should have been left to its bellicose self, because it is their right and we accept that this is at the cost of other people's rights. Or how to break that tendency. The Treaty of Versailles did not do the latter, and the former was not consistently decided. After the conflagration that followed (WW2) the lesson was that it was essential to break the bellicose elements of German political ideology. To do that the Potsdam Conference decided on "the four Ds" denazification, decentralization, demilitarization and democratization. The Allies did so under occupation, consistently, and while supporting Germany to rebuild. And still Germany both paid reparations and lost territory, but is today one of the most democratic, tolerant, and prosperous nations on the planet. We will get back to Hjalmar in coming videos.
JP51ism in 1919 the Paris Peace conference did not address the Junker class in any efficient way. It was tacitly accepted that the militarist elements of German society would be accepted. Some hoped they would be dealt with domestically, some felt it was the right of any nation, many had similar elements in their own countries.
Indy, you have Bulgarian money on the left side. They are the modern ones, however the 2 leva one is outdated as of now. Cheers from a Bulgarian here :)
@Fabian Kirchgessner okay thank you, it's something you never hear about in the US... you hear Hitler stopped the reparation payments and then nothing after that.
The reparations were cancelled altogether in 1932 with a token sum of 3 bn RM that was never really paid, and the Allied powers never asked for it again, and after WW2 it was agreed upon that the point was moot. So no, Germany did _not_ resume paying reparations after WW2. What they did do, was re-paying loans, and interest on debts, that they had taken out in the inter-war years to pay the reparations. So (purely as an example, not sure about the actual dates) to pay the reparations of 1927, the German government took out a loan; it paid the reparations with that money and then slowly paid back the loan with interest. These debts were honoured after WW2, even though the London Agreement of 1953 slashed them in half. Edit: I'm referring to reparations because of WW1 here.
After WWII, an agreement was reached that cut German debts to the Allies in half. WWI reparations were a part of the total debts and they were all finally paid off in 2010
The set design is by Astrid. Our graphics/post-production team is headed by Wieke. Thanks for the compliment, although I'd disagree with you saying its arcane?
Unfortunately we've now gone past the time when that happens and as we're chronological we can't go back and cover it. However, once this series wraps up we're going to be doing more specials over on our WW2 channel. We'll definitely do a series on neutral countries so keep an eye out for one on Ireland sometime in the future.
Looking at the role that Hindenburg plays in all this, you quickly realise where Carl Schmitt got his inspiration for claiming the that the real sovereign decides on the exceptions. Hindenburg was acting like a laid back dictator, letting democracy have its course only when it suited him.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Well it depends on the goal. He used questionable tactics to end reparations which worked. At the same time he wanted to hold off the Nazis from power which did not work.
It’s a Dutch 18th masonry heater, also called ceramic heater that was originally in a mansion in Munich until WW2. It was then disassembled and stored in a cellar to preserve it from the wartime bombing. When Munich was being rebuilt the owners ended up never reinstalling it and instead sold it, so that in 1947 it was installed here. The mason who installed it turns 96 this year and two years ago he came to visit when he was on a tour together with his daughter to see all the masonry heaters he had installed during his career one last time. He installed this one and two more in the house we film in, one of them is a 19th century high end ceramic wood stove which is a miracle of technology - Spartacus still cooks on it once in a while.
In hindsight, it's easy to see what a terrible idea Brüning's plan was. I'm sure anyone who deals with money and investments on a regular basis could easily predict the outcome as well. Brüning and Hindenburg must have had some extreme tunnel vision to not head the countless warnings and advice they must have received during that time.
To be fair economy as science was at time very young. Keynses idea of government taking action in economy and going into debt to facilitate growth became popular after 1929.
@@TheBard1999 on the other hand, the fact that economies are build on faith is pretty much elementary and his plan seems almost guaranteed to destroy that faith
I have just one question: Why do you have modern Bulgarian Lev (BGN) on the desk when you telling about German economics from 1931? Btw this Paisii Hilendaski on this banknote and it's almost out of use.
Europe was incredibly lucky to have the Americans in charge and not the British and the French in charge after WW2, the Marshall Plan was indeed the better solution.
You should have used the bank notes as a mat for the beer stein, just to hammer home the point of Germany's financial troubles at the time and drop in value of the Reichsmark.
It is weird for german speakers when people call this thing "Stein"... If the mug would be out of stone or ceramic it could be called "Steinkrug" (stone mug) but a stein is just a stone or rock.
You could make a video abaout interwar austria. The failing first republic and the Dollfuss cabinet that helped the nation to devolop. The short civil war and the nazi agression who killed Dr. Dollfuss.
@Fabian Kirchgessner The Dollfuss cabinet did help the econom enought to end the austrian debt and kickstart the home industry. The Lousanne negotiations were a diplomatic sucess
@Fabian Kirchgessner The dollfuss governament was not useless. Expecially in social issues. In economic the governament wasasnt effective for sure. But the debt negotiations in Lousane helped the nation to avoid bankrupcy.
Well, moreover it was driven by the political power which tried to implement a facsist government in several attempts (the build up of Heimwehr forces even after the end of border conflicts in 1921 and their armourment and usage of this paramilitary force, which led to the social democrats to establish the Schutzbund as a necessary defensive counterweight, later the pfrimer Putsch (1931) which showed other Parties their dire strait.. and finally the closing of the parlament by Dollfuss and the installation of a dictatorship which was opposed by a majority of the population, actually weakend the state since the only possible ally for the conservative Parties - the socialdemocrats - were alienated by the Dollfuss-Putsch and the pfrimer Putsch, and the fact they we're imprisoned with national socialists led many - from a point of view of historians, also by contemporary witnesses - to seek for a more radical alternative, the NS or the communist party)... If you argue the VF tried to build up an austrian patriotism, well, that's bit of a joke considering this patriotism was a mixture of catholic fundamentalism and a 'light' Version of ns symbolism and elements of italian facsism and the admission that they were german, also antisemitism was more and more accepted (not that it was'n there before of course) This ist maybe speculation know, regarding the preasure that was put on schuschnigg, but the austro-facsist ideology opened the door for hitler to put ns-members in this not elected government of hardliners (your beloved Starhemberg for instance) this actions by Hitler against Austria would be harder in a democracy, where you have some balance checkds - which Dollfuss shut off by his Putsch and the new constitution of 1934. My point is - and there were also some radicals in the SDAP, who wouldn't want to work tightly with the conservatives after Justizpalastbrand. A cooperation which would have been necessary, also to gain maybe support of other democracies. but i can't stand austrian conservatives who declare the VF as the savior of Austria against Hitler for some years, since they made it so easy for hitler to annex Austria against no resistance in the First place. The destruction of the structures of socialdemocracy, the annihilation of 'Red Vienna' (which was a stabalising factor by welfare progrmans, communital buildings, schools Parks, free healthcare, free entrance to theaters readings, education and so on..) at the time of 'Krukenkreuz' (like an Austro Version of Hakenkreuz) regime the economy was not just in Austria but also everywhere else in disarray (i mean the thirties were a mess). Economically, as a small country, it was sort of destined to struggle for survival, since it's dependency on surrounding countries. yeah... Economically it was incredebly hard and a mess, but all was worsend by the policy of Austro-facsism and their failed try to unite a country that was cut in half by humiliating the other half, so practically the regime encouraged people to look for more radical alternatives whilx it (not austria but the whole Idea of the regime and its implementation to oppose efforts from Germany to gain more and more infuence - noteworthy within the cabinett and the innercircle) .. i don't go into the effort of the VF (vaterländische Front) to bring worker to their side, but i end with a quote from 'tante jolesch' - everyone is in the VF but i never met anybody who is in the VF - the scene played in Vienna, it depicts the week stance of the VF in the Capital add to this the growing number of ns members in smaller cities and you get a got picture of how 'it prevented nationalsocialism for some years'- If there are only to options, a miserable copy of ns ideologie - people wil decide for the original version. Plus mixed with catholic symbolism - 'a dead is leading us' it shows the pathetic and helpless moves this regime took after closing the parlament in 1933.. this regime deprived itself of any way out and was slowly eaten up by Hitler
TGH - I'm loving all your work, and as such, am hoping I might convince you (or at least cause to seriously consider) about a slight language alteration to correct a mistake in translation of an important term into the English language that leads even to confusion... but it's a biggie - as the term is "Nazi", which turns out, did not mean what we now think it meant. A look at the etymology reveals that the word was in use since before even the DAP was renamed NSDAP, and even shares the same root as the word Nacho (so Nachos is the Spanish version of the German Nazis). It's the shortened version of the name Ignatius (I guess Ig-natzi-us) which was a commonly used male name amongst the peasantry in rural Bavaria, and as a result, became used as a pejorative term to signify somebody as being backward, uneducated, illiterate etc, and became used by the more privileged folk to describe the people in the rising NSDAP, and entered the English language as these people fled Germany... I guess we just assumed it referred to the NS bit, but it's most misleading... there was never any such thing as "the Nazi party" or any group of people who called themselves Nazis, only people who got called Nazis to insult their intelligence and not have to take them seriously. This also lead to socialist advocates refusing to use the term Nazi, as it tainted peoples understanding of the term "socialist" (see "Hitler was left wing!" argument) and so adopted the name of a similar group of people (similar in being anti-socialist) called fascists, and the same in Spain with Franco, despite it making no sense that either Spanish or German nationalists be labelled with an Italian nationalist term, simply for being anti-left. I know it's only a word, and in our dynamic language, the only meaning a word has is the meaning that the speaker meant when saying the word, but there is an argument to be made for historical accuracy, that the revised meaning of the word leads to hidden assumptions, decreasing the ability of people to really understand history as it actually happened. And all this without even getting into its use in furthering a racist narrative where "they" were a unique evil that thank god we defeated, learning the horrors of war and making sure we "never forget" and don't let it happen again... when all that was really learnt was that war against industrialised nations doesn't pay, so without stopping even for a breath, we turned to the poor, brown, defenceless people of the world, often people without even electricity, and took war to them, giving us the term "third world countries" instead of a "third world war" as it was something to do with them, not something we did to them, so we call it "the cold war" because napalm only landed on the brown people "over there", it doesn't count. Pretty sure we haven't called African dictators "fascists" or "Nazis", they don't count in the unique evil of killing millions of white people.
The term Nazi started as a slur but was adopted by the National Socialist German Workers Party themselves in the second half of the 1920s, and became the vernally used way to denote them and their political party. It was Jospeh Goebbels who decided to just adopt it and thereby disarm the slur. Apparently Adolf Hitler was never fond of the term, but this was one of the few areas he had no way of bending the will of the masses (perhaps because his master of ceremony and spin doctor Goebbels worked against him on this one). So no, we won't change that as it is the historically correct way to abbreviate the otherwise much too long name of the political movement. We also never confound it with Fascism as the Nazis were specifically focused on German racism, and espoused an extreme anti-Semitism which puts them apart from the Fascist movements.
Thanks for another great episode Indy and team! Just out of curiosity - I see you have used contemporary Bulgarian notes as props, do they bear any visual resemblance to 1930s German marks or it was just a random choice?
WWI is possibly the most twisted, weird and ultimately calamitous era in the history of mankind. The thing about WWI, and I am only the most lightweight history student about it, is that no part of it can be explained in a sentence or two. It of course casts a long shadow to this day, primarily in the makeup of the Middle East. But no part of the story can be told without a complex, multi-layered saga that I would argue, is actually hard to keep straight in your head.
@9:56 "it is a loud and clear message" actually its just another case of having to pick between the shiniest of 2 or 3 turds, when in fact any normal person could have avoided all this
A fascinating period in history , so much going on , so much to learn . Just think some people lived through two world wars , nuclear weapons have prevented a third fingers crossed.
One thing I would like to see on TimeGhost is the history of Syria between two wars. Something like the very informative episode on the history of Italian Libya. I am French, I am quite knowledgeable of History, yet I have only very vague information on Syria under French domination.
OK, so this video is about Naziism to some degree, it's also a serious look at how Germany started transitioning into Naziism - this is not speculation, it's not even very controversial, it just happens to not fit with many popular superficial misconceptions. Now, we love it when you guys debate under our videos, even when it's in disagreement with something we or somebody else said, but before you do so please save us some time and read our rules and consider if your post is against our rules,. If you think it might be, consider editing or just not posting it - otherwise you're just wasting our time and your own - because no matter what, we will moderate this.
If you're going to post that the Versailles Treaty was to blame you might want to read this instead: community.timeghost.tv/t/why-the-treaty-of-versailles-didnt-cause-naziism-answering-a-guy-on-youtube/1858 - that's Indy's extensive answer to that claim.
If you're going to claim "Naziism was Left Wing" well you can do that, we don't suppress opinions, not even silly ones, but we suggest that you read this instead: timeghost.tv/national-socialism-an-extreme-left-wing-ideology/ that's Spartacus explanation why it is not considered so by historians (and why it's not really that important).
If you're going to praise Naziism or celebrate Communism, or propose that any other form of lethal extremism is a great idea - just don't, we do remove any promotion for lethal anti-democratic ideologies, and will probably revoke your positing privileges.
If you're going to start peddling conspiracy theories about Jews controlling [insert your crazy idea here] or "it was the Jews"- definitely don't do that or it will be last thing you post here.
If you're going to say that stopping German Communism is what caused Naziism - well you can do that... it's pretty much wrong or at least a gross misrepresentation, and you'll look like an idiot to anyone who knows their factual German history, but you can do that if publicly proclaiming ignorance is your thing - we would however suggest waiting for our next video on Germany's elections 1932 for a more correct take on that instead.
*TimeGhost rules of conduct:*
STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks.
AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates.
HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban.
RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban.
PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban
Y e s i a g r e e
That beer makes me thirst fiercely.
TimeGhost History Jesus stop it. There is no point in word policing here.
@@BQD_Central you don't have to read all the comments we get and you don't have to clean up the mess when the death threats and calls for mass murder start raining in - because that is what happened _every single time_ if we don't moderate the comments under a video that is about Naziism or Communism or Judaism or Turkey or the Balkans.
@@TimeGhost great job great video love you guys thanks for moderating
Germany: I. Declare. BANKRUPTCY
The Allies: Germany you're a country, you can't just say you're bankrupt to get out of reparations
Germany: I didn't say it, I declared it.
The Allies: "Ah, our mistake. Sorry"... "Go ahead"
@Fabian Kirchgessner Those reparations did help. They just didnt help Germany. France had so many problems they revived payments in coal, wood and telephone poles. Germany didnt have to rebuild roads, railroads, telephone lines, they didnt have parts of their land turned into a rotten swamp.
@@Paciat do not forget the 4 year blockade. Even if no battles were fought on German soil the destruction of the economy was totally.
@@dennisrost1874 I didnt. Germany did when it started WWI. Blockade was as obvious, and the decision to start a war and be blocked was German. And the decision to sink British merchant ships without warning (that was forbidden, blockades werent) to block its economy instead of fighting the force that blocks them was also German.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Yes reparations helped France, you geyman asshole. Helped in repairing the war damage that Germany didnt have. It helped paying the WWI bills cause in WWI Germany occupied 2/3 of their industry. It helped people rebuild their homes. Still there were farmers dying in France decades after WWI from dud artillery shells. It helped in repairing roads, railroads and telephone lines and Germany had the most telephones per man in the world back then. Thats where the money went. Thats why they were called reparations.
And you mentioned 1940? No, France didnt spend its reparations on military training. You are right that Germany started spending that money on military as soon as they stopped paying, but that is not a good thing.
"We did it, kameraden, we saved Germany!"
-Heinrich Brüning, 1931, standing in the middle of a fire
Their like Spongebob and Patrick saying they saved the city from a "monster" as Bikini Bottom burned.
@@nathanseper8738 true haha
@@nathanseper8738😂
If there's one lesson here, it's that democratic governments must address the needs of their people, or undemocratic ones who promise to address said needs will come to power.
I agree. I'm not an historian, but it seems obvious to me that a drowning people will grab at any life preserver that is thrown to them. And the more unscrupulous the politician, the more appealing he can make that life preserver appear, even if it is truly made of stone.
I agree too, but the issue / common challenge is that democracy creates an extremely bloated backlog of priorities & needs. The honourable path is not the most efficient one, but there is merit in listening to people.
One of the worst things that can happen to an economy is people losing faith in it. The human element is more present in that science than perhaps any other.
"The money is there so long as you never ask to see it. Just have faith in the financial system."
Huh.
@@harbl99 Oh absolutely, it is indeed very silly. Even so, it's hard to argue with what happens when there is a mass panic. Economics is like Tinkerbell. Believe in it and it works.
In "fake" money economies this is very true. Once economies go off a hard currency there really is very little popping it up outside of the decision by everyone using it that they're going to pretend it has value.
@@drsch Indeed, money has value because we agree it has value. If the government collapses tomorrow, it's all just worthless paper. But I think we can all agree that this method has mostly worked just fine for everyone involved.
@@drsch "Hard" currencies are just as fairy dust as anything else. Gold for example has very little intrinsic value outside some electronics manufacturing. You can't eat it, you can't make useful tools with it. It's just shiny and doesn't rust, it has value because people say it's valuable.
Dollars DO have intrinsic value backed by an entire nation's economy by the way, it's no more "pretend" than any other kind of contract. A US dollar can be used to repay one US dollar's worth of government tax or dept, simple as that. That's why Germany stopping paying reparations hurt so much: If a government is shown to be unreliable in meeting it's financial obligations then the money it's printing is just expensive toilet paper.
Just finished Binging The Great War week by week and now I'm doomed to spend the next few months binging everything these guys touch, every special episode and video on their other channels. I'm addicted!
I hope you stick around with the Great War too, Jesse has been doing a great job in the post-war era month by month
It’s something akin to attempting to fake one’s own death in a fire. But then dying in the fire anyway.
lol
Solar Warden looking at ppl who double down
Bruning: I am going to worsen the German economy. Then the allies will stop the reparations.
Reichstag: ARE YOU SURE ABOUT THAT?
I don't know if this will be mentioned in the next one, but Bruning was so desperate to stop the extremists, he even discussed bringing Prince Wilhelm of Prussia(Crown Prince Wilhelm's oldest son) out of exile and crown him Kaiser as a constitutional monarch, which, he thought, would pacify not only the Nazis, but the other nationalists led by Franz von Papen. Hindenburg was shocked at the idea and effectively slapped him down.
It’s not what happened.
Those are Bulgarian money on the table (levas) and the banknote of 2 leva is actually no longer printed but replaced with a coin which makes the paper one quite rare to have.
It was left over from a trip to Bulgaria I made many years ago - I believe there are some other currencies in there that are less visible as well - Astrid simply grabbed some bills that looked good out of our 'old defunct bills' stash. The coins that you can't see so well are also old cancelled currency (mostly D-Mark and Pfennigs).
I noticed those as well. Amazing.
@@spartacus-olsson I have some occupation currency (what the germans issued) from the netherlands in WW2. its terribly made out of rubbish metal, but i guess they took most of the actual currency out of the country. Its interesting to see the changes to countries in minor ways, as well as major, under occupation. So many stories from the family about what went on and how they survived it.
cant stop looking at the beer
Jan Pustowka me too.
And is that pork? Can’t tell on my phone, but pig meat rules! 🐷 👑
bier* :)
@@ICULooking helles :P
I sense a possibility of Indy going to an Oktoberfest soon! 😀
@Glinkling Smearnops When there's whiskey.
I have never heard this time in German history described like this. Once again I find history is much more complicated than what we thought we "knew."
In many ways we are about to relive the roaring twenties all over again but with it comes the same social tensions. I hope we learned that more freedom is the answer rather than more security
Most news is fake news, most history is fake history and this is fake in critical parts. Winners get to write fake history.
@@WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs Sources? Nope talking out your ass.
@@zexal4217 What are your sources? Hollywood movies and the History channel? They're just propagandistic baloney. Most of the sources I use are a bit harder to get because of the mass censorship by xionists or I used direct interviews of people that had worked in the system. Serbs, Norwegians, Dutch and Ukrainians.
@@WilliamJones-Halibut-vq1fs Adam Tooze Wages of Destruction.
It actually makes sense when you think about it. Sure, the reparations damaged the economy, but admitting that you cannot pay makes people loose faith in you. Thus not investing, because you cannot be trusted with money. Whops. Economics suck
And in this case it was 100% deliberate! That was so profoundly stupid, I have no words...
They always tell you parts of truth and other parts aren't even mentioned. Germany was forbidden to leave gold standard while the others were decreasing their own currency. Only one point of so many not mentioned. Propaganda, as always, is best when not lying, but not telling the real story.
@@wonderfalg sources?
Germany: guys, I really can't pay these reparations, there's not gonna be any money coming in at all.
Allies: didn't we just lend you a bunch of money?
Germany: *sets everything on fire in a panic*
I’m really loving this series, so well researched and Indy does a great job presenting it in a entertaining and informative way!
Thank you!
Two episodes this week of Between 2 Wars is a great thing. Love this series so much.
go give it a kiss.
Hej, so this whole channel along with the great war is so well historically summarized. I'm beyond impressed. As a historian I would introduce this to schools. Some of the aspects that I did not pay enough time and attention are so clear to me now. Helps to connect the dots up to the early '50. Tons of material you guys must go thru.
Thanks and keep it up. Shame for such a relatively small audience. You've been doing this for a long time I see. Shame on UA-cam manipulations.
And all of this only because Friedrich III did not give up smoking...
smoking KILLS
@@fatihsaidduran That makes millions of europeans passive-smokers.
😭
Pfft, this Hitler-dude with his Chaplin-moustache will never get any power. He can't even make a decent painting, if rumours are to be believed.
But their uniforms are just so...stylish! Surely someone who dresses that sharp is bound for leadership!
@@rgm96x49 The designer sure is a total boss
@@FranzFridl
At least the upcoming 1934 collection will be! 😀
@@toqtoq3361 some women do like it
@@toqtoq3361 Please, we had the choices between a turd sandwich and a giant douche and all you can come up with is apolitical mishaps and crimes? What we really need is political leaders that don't fan the flames of the extremist ends of politics and conspiracy theorists but I will tell you Trump didn't start this fire and he is not helping either.
Another episode worthy of merit. Liked and linked. Thanks for posting.
this video is damning historical evidence of the fallacy of austerity in the face of an economic crisis. Spending must be rationalised and bloat trimmed, yes, but mindlessly pursuing the balancing of the books at all costs is both counterproductive, and disastrous at a human level.
Ok?
But people don't understand that, and keep voting for economically illiterate politicos.
That beer had a 17-minute head.
Tamara Lempicka's paintings are awesome, congratulations
"... The communists are again calling for the abolition of capitalism, and for revolution." This is the song that never ends, yes it goes on and on _and on_ *AND ON* my friends.
Some workers started singing it and we knew what it was, and they'll keep singing it forever just because...
@@Pyxis10 More like some disaffected upper middle class idealists started singing it.
@@Pyxis10 Workers abused by capitalists started singing it more than a century ago.
Capitalists still send members of SCOTUS around the world on yachts and still screw over workers, so yeah, the song goes on…
Prior to watching The Great War, I was under the impression that Hindenburg was a one of the great generals of the war. Your program suggested to me that, while he was technically in charge (as field marshal and later chief of staff), it was Ludendorf who was calling the shots. As President of the Weimar republic, I gain a similar impression that the same applies, i.e., while he was a revered figure and technically in charge, it was the chancellors who were calling the shots. If true, this perception puts him in a whole new light, not as a leader but as a figurehead and follower of those who advised him.
It's hugely interesting to me that Hindenburg's big "win" at Tannenburg/Masurian Lakes was already planned and in the process of being put into action by Gen. Francois before Hindenburg and Ludendorf showed up on the scene, though they get the credit and Francois is a footnote in history.
Oddly enough my wife and I have both the De Lempicka prints behind Indy on our walls
awesome! we like them very much!
Your series about the Cuba Crisis. I recently watched it again theough your playlist. And I think it would be better if you include the ”tsar bomba over paris”, ”uboat diary” and other of your special episodes of the cuba crisis in that playlist.
Just a recombination
I've been watching Sir Indy since the Great War, and up to here, I just gotta say it... Sir Indy Is the Professor we all wish we had but never did (or never could afford). . .Thank you for these lectures sir!
Another great episode on the economic front. I have found it troubling how some people fail to tie the Depression in as an indirect effect of the Great War. You cannot tank the second largest economy in the world and not have a instability and that instability played a roll in the decline. Just think about it, you have farmers who are suffering from low prices in the rural parts of America and you have Germany, which needs to import food, struggling economically. One affects the other and this is just one example of that. Much more impacted is the banks being interconnected and the fact that global finance is collapsing during this time. As that happens, the global supply of credit is shrinking drastically. Absent gov't spending to invest in the economy, the only source left is credit based investment just as that investment is drying up, it is a recipe for disaster.
Who are you Mr. Indy Neidell your delivery and narration is amazing. To the point and never miss a beat! I love this channel!!!! Maybe I'm just biased because I love history.
Thank you! Indy is a true pro and happy to have you as a fan.
The reparations question was further complicated by the fact that France paid reparations (in full) to Prussia following both the Napoleonic wars and the Franco-Prussian war as well as Germany's deliberate policy of churlishly flooding mines and destroying factories in Northern France as they retreated in 1918.
Post WW2 the reparations issue was "solved" by France retaining control of much of the German coal production until 1952. This was still causing problems in the Ruhr region even then which resulted in France agreeing to hand control back to Germany subject to an agreement (cartel) on industrial coal, iron and steel production and prices in order to ensure their own production remained competitive.
This agreement morphed into the Common Market which in turn morphed into the European Union.
Interesting, that adds a real different perspective on the French view on reparations.
Just want to say thanks that you guys haven't let UA-cam cause a dent in your production quality. ... We will keep supporting you accordingly.
Thank you!
My wife thought Indy's paintings might be distracting... I said no way, it's always the after show drink that catches my eye. Great episode as always!
I dare you to record the next episode after drinking that barrel of beer on the desk.
Send us a hefty paypal donation and Indy will do it ;)
Germany declares BANKRUPTCY!!!!!
So they had two debt reliefs after they started two world wars that ended the European hegemony in the planet. But other European countries should not dare to ask for something similar (after buying German products!). What a sad hypocrisy.
Excellent choice tying the title into that final chilling statistic.
I watched a couple of episodes but for the first time i paid attention to the money on your desk. If you are curious-the violet bill is 2 leva and the man on the front is Paisii Hilendarski-a monk and a writer of a very influential book . The coins are hard to say, but i think i see 1 lev coin, 2 leva coin and/or 50 stotinki coin (1 lev is 100 stotinki. The word "sto" means 100 in Bulgarian). Behind the beer on the plate is 5 leva bill and the man on it is Ivan Milev- a painter. You really surprised me with this :) Thanks
Edit: I wonder what's the origin of the other details in the studio. If everyone knows please write
The 30s are going to be hectic...
I can't wait!
Why is there no subtitles for the video?
Great video! I wonder how the Bulgarian currency got your desk. Perhaps there's a story behind it?
Some one asked a smiliar question, here is Spartacus' response.
Spartacus Olsson
15 hours ago
It was left over from a trip to Bulgaria I made many years ago - I believe there are some other currencies in there that are less visible as well - Astrid simply grabbed some bills that looked good out of our 'old defunct bills' stash. The coins that you can't see so well are also old cancelled currency (mostly D-Mark and Pfennigs).
I'm almost completely through all your videos, and now know that when I reach the most recent, I'll throw up my arms and cry "Well, what do I do now?"
Stunning. I was so impressed that I went to the city and bought a pair of braces, (or suspenders as North Americans would call them).
Great analysis of very complex developments in world economics.
Bugger me, Indy, I thought I was at a John Maynard Keynes lecture!
Love the 2 levs on Indy's desk. Will you cover the situation in Bulgaria between the wars? Its chaos when it comes to political parties,violence and national unification.
7:22 it’s actually called either the “German Center Party”, “Catholic Center Party”, or “Zentrum” (a shortening of the German name).
It's interesting to see these problems compared with all those third world problems that have also been suffering from unsustainable debt. It's only surprisingly recently that we've started to see the beginnings of a framework for international debt. Surprising, given how big of a part this played in the run-up to WW2.
I was waiting for that magnificent beer stein to get used... and it did!
That photage of electric signs in Weimar Germany is from Shock of the New.
When your history teacher sends you to a UA-cam channel that you've already watched hundreds of times
Thank him on our behalf!
@@TimeGhost Don't worry I will, please keep up the great content you produce :)
It's unfortunate to say this, but if the allies had marched their armies on Berlin it's a good chance that WWII would have been averted. The allies failed by letting the German government spread lies about the reparations and it's defeat in WWI. A show of force would have let everyone in Germany know to truth. The people would have probably resented being defeated, but it would actually show they were defeated in full.
@@toqtoq3361 The German people already had a hatred over the allies. This wouldn't have changed that.
Great stuff guys, keep up the good work!
Very well done on a complex topic. Kudos Indy.
what is it behind Indy? a fireplace?
It’s a Dutch 18th masonry heater, also called ceramic heater that was originally in a mansion in Munich until WW2. It was then disassembled and stored in a cellar to preserve it from the wartime bombing. When Munich was being rebuilt the owners ended up never reinstalling it and instead sold it, so that in 1947 it was installed here. The mason who installed it turns 96 this year and two years ago he came to visit when he was on a tour together with his daughter to see all the masonry heaters he had installed during his career one last time. He installed this one and two more in the house we film in, one of them is a 19th century high end ceramic wood stove which is a miracle of technology - Spartacus still cooks on it once in a while.
@@TimeGhost THAT IS QUITE A HISTORY FOR A HEATER! It is not every heater that may go through bombings and still be used to heat. And also what a portfolio this mason should have in order to be touring and see its past work. Come on! Even your scenarios have history, I wonder if you could do more videos about it as well haha. For me it is very interesting how this technology worked in the past as I study civil engineering and usually you don't pay attention for ancient construction methods.
Thanks for the answer!
And as always keep up the good work!
Thank _you!_
Thanx for the Informative video . Indy they have an Oktober Fest this weekend up by the Lake .
As well researched and presented this episode is, the only thing going through my mind was "I want that beer stein!"
Germany applying austerity politics to solve a crisis and that idea going terribly? Sounds familiar
Love that bier stein. Where can I get one like it?
Astrid got it on eBay - but you can get similar ones in many glassware shops in Bavaria - here's link to German eBay with some examples www.ebay.de/b/Bierkrug-Glas-mit-Deckel/bn_7005635530
I want to know... Why you are using Bulgarian Lev on the table and not Reichsmarks
Because we didn't have any Reichsmark laying around and no time to print them - we're not Hjalmar Schacht ;-)
@@spartacus-olsson I am glad that our currency was used in TimeGhost video
@Spartacus Olsson - Thank Heaven that you are NOT Hjalmar Schacht!
Shawn Gilliland TineGhost would have more money and we could spoil Naziism by revealing ahead of time what they’re up to... confused? I am!
I don't say "inexorably" as often as you do, but I checked, and the accent goes over the "ex". Carry on.
what is in that tankard?
Beer of course!
Indy to the rescue again to get me through my history exam
So that's why some politicians are so excited about a recession.
Especially the communists and the nazis. Enjoying the chaos brought by the recession
Noch ein Bier ist immer eine gute Idee~ Prost Indy lass es dir schmecken! ^~^
Prost!
Who is the Artist of those paintings hanging there?
The artist is Tamara Łempicka. The left-hand painting is called 'Portrait of a Young Girl in a Green Dress' and the right-hand one is titled 'Portrait De Madame Boucard'
The man in the thumbnail looks like he would tell me "You may fire when ready."
The man is Joseph Goebbels and the line would be "Do you want total war?"
@@TimeGhost I've seen in a lot of documentaries about the Nazis that Goebbels had quite a reputation as a ladies man. WTF? Seriously? I know this has nothing to do with the topic of the video but I just had to say it.
@@mariakelly5 Power combined with a ruthless intelligence can be quite the aphrodisiac...
@4:40, area lost is PERCEIVED as punishment whether or not the "intention"...
Yes... how does that change the facts? Are you trying to say that this means the Nazis were justified?
The point is what we learnt form it. Either you learn that Germany should have been left to its bellicose self, because it is their right and we accept that this is at the cost of other people's rights. Or how to break that tendency. The Treaty of Versailles did not do the latter, and the former was not consistently decided.
After the conflagration that followed (WW2) the lesson was that it was essential to break the bellicose elements of German political ideology. To do that the Potsdam Conference decided on "the four Ds" denazification, decentralization, demilitarization and democratization. The Allies did so under occupation, consistently, and while supporting Germany to rebuild. And still Germany both paid reparations and lost territory, but is today one of the most democratic, tolerant, and prosperous nations on the planet. We will get back to Hjalmar in coming videos.
@@TimeGhost "LEFT to its bellicose self"? That's a contradiction in terms; so many were "acted upon" there was no "leaving" when invaded/occupied.
JP51ism in 1919 the Paris Peace conference did not address the Junker class in any efficient way. It was tacitly accepted that the militarist elements of German society would be accepted. Some hoped they would be dealt with domestically, some felt it was the right of any nation, many had similar elements in their own countries.
Indy, you have Bulgarian money on the left side. They are the modern ones, however the 2 leva one is outdated as of now. Cheers from a Bulgarian here :)
Awesome timing! Thanks!
6:35 did Germany resume WW1 reparation payments after WW2?
@Fabian Kirchgessner okay thank you, it's something you never hear about in the US... you hear Hitler stopped the reparation payments and then nothing after that.
@Fabian Kirchgessner did Germany pay reparations after World War II?
@Fabian Kirchgessner correct.
The reparations were cancelled altogether in 1932 with a token sum of 3 bn RM that was never really paid, and the Allied powers never asked for it again, and after WW2 it was agreed upon that the point was moot.
So no, Germany did _not_ resume paying reparations after WW2.
What they did do, was re-paying loans, and interest on debts, that they had taken out in the inter-war years to pay the reparations. So (purely as an example, not sure about the actual dates) to pay the reparations of 1927, the German government took out a loan; it paid the reparations with that money and then slowly paid back the loan with interest. These debts were honoured after WW2, even though the London Agreement of 1953 slashed them in half.
Edit: I'm referring to reparations because of WW1 here.
After WWII, an agreement was reached that cut German debts to the Allies in half. WWI reparations were a part of the total debts and they were all finally paid off in 2010
Who is doing your graphics? The art of Lempke, the ceramic heater/fireplace and the pseudo Modrian are really fun if a little arcane
The set design is by Astrid. Our graphics/post-production team is headed by Wieke.
Thanks for the compliment, although I'd disagree with you saying its arcane?
Captions are off. Someone remembered last few episodes,they are off again.
I like the lev banknotes on the desk ;)
Brilliant once again...thank you!!!
You're welcome! And thank you.
Can you do a episode of the Irish war for independence? Love the show
Unfortunately we've now gone past the time when that happens and as we're chronological we can't go back and cover it. However, once this series wraps up we're going to be doing more specials over on our WW2 channel. We'll definitely do a series on neutral countries so keep an eye out for one on Ireland sometime in the future.
Noch ein Bier!
Looking at the role that Hindenburg plays in all this, you quickly realise where Carl Schmitt got his inspiration for claiming the that the real sovereign decides on the exceptions. Hindenburg was acting like a laid back dictator, letting democracy have its course only when it suited him.
So I'll ask cause I'm curious. Would you say that the Truman doctrine is more of a modified dawes plan?
At first we all thought it was geopolitical suicide. Turned out, it was actual suicide.
Another good episode! Thanks!
I don't know what to make of the "Hunger Chancellor" title. That's sounds weak and badass at the same time.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Well it depends on the goal. He used questionable tactics to end reparations which worked. At the same time he wanted to hold off the Nazis from power which did not work.
What kind of beer was in the jug?
Hindenburg: Did you do it?
Bruning: Yes.
Hindenburg: And what did it cost?
Bruning: Everything.
31 shows in and I still dont know what tht thing behind Indi is? A Furnace? please tell me.
It’s a Dutch 18th masonry heater, also called ceramic heater that was originally in a mansion in Munich until WW2. It was then disassembled and stored in a cellar to preserve it from the wartime bombing. When Munich was being rebuilt the owners ended up never reinstalling it and instead sold it, so that in 1947 it was installed here. The mason who installed it turns 96 this year and two years ago he came to visit when he was on a tour together with his daughter to see all the masonry heaters he had installed during his career one last time. He installed this one and two more in the house we film in, one of them is a 19th century high end ceramic wood stove which is a miracle of technology - Spartacus still cooks on it once in a while.
In hindsight, it's easy to see what a terrible idea Brüning's plan was. I'm sure anyone who deals with money and investments on a regular basis could easily predict the outcome as well. Brüning and Hindenburg must have had some extreme tunnel vision to not head the countless warnings and advice they must have received during that time.
To be fair economy as science was at time very young. Keynses idea of government taking action in economy and going into debt to facilitate growth became popular after 1929.
@@TheBard1999 on the other hand, the fact that economies are build on faith is pretty much elementary and his plan seems almost guaranteed to destroy that faith
@M DeV economics is very complex field wich is still explored. Simplifying it to one factor is just plain wrong.
Hjalmar Schacht deserves a LOT more attention.
I have just one question: Why do you have modern Bulgarian Lev (BGN) on the desk when you telling about German economics from 1931? Btw this Paisii Hilendaski on this banknote and it's almost out of use.
Europe was incredibly lucky to have the Americans in charge and not the British and the French in charge after WW2, the Marshall Plan was indeed the better solution.
I have a crystal stein that has the exact same scene depicted on it. However, mine is painted and the lid is different.
I would pay money to see this live
So, any word on the patches for those like myself that Kickstarted you guys? No response to comments there and no posts for over a year.
We have sent out some and the last ones are packaged and about to be shipped.
You should have used the bank notes as a mat for the beer stein, just to hammer home the point of Germany's financial troubles at the time and drop in value of the Reichsmark.
It is weird for german speakers when people call this thing "Stein"... If the mug would be out of stone or ceramic it could be called "Steinkrug" (stone mug) but a stein is just a stone or rock.
You could make a video abaout interwar austria. The failing first republic and the Dollfuss cabinet that helped the nation to devolop. The short civil war and the nazi agression who killed Dr. Dollfuss.
@Fabian Kirchgessner The Dollfuss cabinet did help the econom enought to end the austrian debt and kickstart the home industry. The Lousanne negotiations were a diplomatic sucess
@Fabian Kirchgessner Not terrible. Austria wasan't in good shape but wasant terrible.
@Fabian Kirchgessner Without the Dollfuss governament austria wluld be terrible due to the debt
@Fabian Kirchgessner The dollfuss governament was not useless. Expecially in social issues. In economic the governament wasasnt effective for sure. But the debt negotiations in Lousane helped the nation to avoid bankrupcy.
Well, moreover it was driven by the political power which tried to implement a facsist government in several attempts (the build up of Heimwehr forces even after the end of border conflicts in 1921 and their armourment and usage of this paramilitary force, which led to the social democrats to establish the Schutzbund as a necessary defensive counterweight, later the pfrimer Putsch (1931) which showed other Parties their dire strait.. and finally the closing of the parlament by Dollfuss and the installation of a dictatorship which was opposed by a majority of the population, actually weakend the state since the only possible ally for the conservative Parties - the socialdemocrats - were alienated by the Dollfuss-Putsch and the pfrimer Putsch, and the fact they we're imprisoned with national socialists led many - from a point of view of historians, also by contemporary witnesses - to seek for a more radical alternative, the NS or the communist party)... If you argue the VF tried to build up an austrian patriotism, well, that's bit of a joke considering this patriotism was a mixture of catholic fundamentalism and a 'light' Version of ns symbolism and elements of italian facsism and the admission that they were german, also antisemitism was more and more accepted (not that it was'n there before of course) This ist maybe speculation know, regarding the preasure that was put on schuschnigg, but the austro-facsist ideology opened the door for hitler to put ns-members in this not elected government of hardliners (your beloved Starhemberg for instance) this actions by Hitler against Austria would be harder in a democracy, where you have some balance checkds - which Dollfuss shut off by his Putsch and the new constitution of 1934. My point is - and there were also some radicals in the SDAP, who wouldn't want to work tightly with the conservatives after Justizpalastbrand. A cooperation which would have been necessary, also to gain maybe support of other democracies. but i can't stand austrian conservatives who declare the VF as the savior of Austria against Hitler for some years, since they made it so easy for hitler to annex Austria against no resistance in the First place. The destruction of the structures of socialdemocracy, the annihilation of 'Red Vienna' (which was a stabalising factor by welfare progrmans, communital buildings, schools Parks, free healthcare, free entrance to theaters readings, education and so on..) at the time of 'Krukenkreuz' (like an Austro Version of Hakenkreuz) regime the economy was not just in Austria but also everywhere else in disarray (i mean the thirties were a mess). Economically, as a small country, it was sort of destined to struggle for survival, since it's dependency on surrounding countries. yeah... Economically it was incredebly hard and a mess, but all was worsend by the policy of Austro-facsism and their failed try to unite a country that was cut in half by humiliating the other half, so practically the regime encouraged people to look for more radical alternatives whilx it (not austria but the whole Idea of the regime and its implementation to oppose efforts from Germany to gain more and more infuence - noteworthy within the cabinett and the innercircle) .. i don't go into the effort of the VF (vaterländische Front) to bring worker to their side, but i end with a quote from 'tante jolesch' - everyone is in the VF but i never met anybody who is in the VF - the scene played in Vienna, it depicts the week stance of the VF in the Capital add to this the growing number of ns members in smaller cities and you get a got picture of how 'it prevented nationalsocialism for some years'- If there are only to options, a miserable copy of ns ideologie - people wil decide for the original version. Plus mixed with catholic symbolism - 'a dead is leading us' it shows the pathetic and helpless moves this regime took after closing the parlament in 1933.. this regime deprived itself of any way out and was slowly eaten up by Hitler
3:48 Just FYI I think you meant to say "to any worker who had been EMPLOYED for 26 weeks."
@02:55 That's a 1938 (nazi) coin you're using as an example.
TGH - I'm loving all your work, and as such, am hoping I might convince you (or at least cause to seriously consider) about a slight language alteration to correct a mistake in translation of an important term into the English language that leads even to confusion... but it's a biggie - as the term is "Nazi", which turns out, did not mean what we now think it meant. A look at the etymology reveals that the word was in use since before even the DAP was renamed NSDAP, and even shares the same root as the word Nacho (so Nachos is the Spanish version of the German Nazis). It's the shortened version of the name Ignatius (I guess Ig-natzi-us) which was a commonly used male name amongst the peasantry in rural Bavaria, and as a result, became used as a pejorative term to signify somebody as being backward, uneducated, illiterate etc, and became used by the more privileged folk to describe the people in the rising NSDAP, and entered the English language as these people fled Germany... I guess we just assumed it referred to the NS bit, but it's most misleading... there was never any such thing as "the Nazi party" or any group of people who called themselves Nazis, only people who got called Nazis to insult their intelligence and not have to take them seriously. This also lead to socialist advocates refusing to use the term Nazi, as it tainted peoples understanding of the term "socialist" (see "Hitler was left wing!" argument) and so adopted the name of a similar group of people (similar in being anti-socialist) called fascists, and the same in Spain with Franco, despite it making no sense that either Spanish or German nationalists be labelled with an Italian nationalist term, simply for being anti-left.
I know it's only a word, and in our dynamic language, the only meaning a word has is the meaning that the speaker meant when saying the word, but there is an argument to be made for historical accuracy, that the revised meaning of the word leads to hidden assumptions, decreasing the ability of people to really understand history as it actually happened. And all this without even getting into its use in furthering a racist narrative where "they" were a unique evil that thank god we defeated, learning the horrors of war and making sure we "never forget" and don't let it happen again... when all that was really learnt was that war against industrialised nations doesn't pay, so without stopping even for a breath, we turned to the poor, brown, defenceless people of the world, often people without even electricity, and took war to them, giving us the term "third world countries" instead of a "third world war" as it was something to do with them, not something we did to them, so we call it "the cold war" because napalm only landed on the brown people "over there", it doesn't count. Pretty sure we haven't called African dictators "fascists" or "Nazis", they don't count in the unique evil of killing millions of white people.
The term Nazi started as a slur but was adopted by the National Socialist German Workers Party themselves in the second half of the 1920s, and became the vernally used way to denote them and their political party. It was Jospeh Goebbels who decided to just adopt it and thereby disarm the slur. Apparently Adolf Hitler was never fond of the term, but this was one of the few areas he had no way of bending the will of the masses (perhaps because his master of ceremony and spin doctor Goebbels worked against him on this one).
So no, we won't change that as it is the historically correct way to abbreviate the otherwise much too long name of the political movement. We also never confound it with Fascism as the Nazis were specifically focused on German racism, and espoused an extreme anti-Semitism which puts them apart from the Fascist movements.
Thanks for another great episode Indy and team! Just out of curiosity - I see you have used contemporary Bulgarian notes as props, do they bear any visual resemblance to 1930s German marks or it was just a random choice?
WWI is possibly the most twisted, weird and ultimately calamitous era in the history of mankind. The thing about WWI, and I am only the most lightweight history student about it, is that no part of it can be explained in a sentence or two. It of course casts a long shadow to this day, primarily in the makeup of the Middle East. But no part of the story can be told without a complex, multi-layered saga that I would argue, is actually hard to keep straight in your head.
That pronunciation of Lausanne thou... :)
Some similarities to Greece 2009-18, including the suicide rate.
@9:56 "it is a loud and clear message" actually its just another case of having to pick between the shiniest of 2 or 3 turds, when in fact any normal person could have avoided all this
A fascinating period in history , so much going on , so much to learn . Just think some people lived through two world wars , nuclear weapons have prevented a third fingers crossed.
What a nice picther you got on the table, Indy!
One thing I would like to see on TimeGhost is the history of Syria between two wars. Something like the very informative episode on the history of Italian Libya.
I am French, I am quite knowledgeable of History, yet I have only very vague information on Syria under French domination.
Actually, we talked about Syria in our 1920 video about Carving Up the Middle East. ua-cam.com/video/y6tSvRbvh2s/v-deo.html