Proper Shutter Speed & Framerate EXPLAINED! - Basic Camera Examples

Enjoy!
0:00 - 0:22 | Intro
0:23 - 01:08 | 180 Degree Shutter Rule
01:09 - 02:27 | Shutter Speed Explanation
02:28 - 03:54 | Examples (Slow and Proper Shutter Speeds)
03:55 - 04:58 | More Shutter Speed Explanation & ND Filter
05:00 - 06:03 | Framerate
06:04 - 06:23 | Outro

[@profitglen]

Very interesting topic... but dude, I'm jelly of your hair. haha

[@TheDomainS]

Thank you!
Most people don’t care for my hair, personally I love it so I appreciate that!

[@Drunken_Hamster]

Thanks for the follow-up (especially for commenting again on the old video since I'm not subscribed) and anonymous shout-out. Wanted to clarify a couple things.
*1.* I didn't speak of using significantly slower or faster shutter speeds outside the norm for special effects because my comment was already too long, but I was well aware of them. For instance, Saving Private Ryan used a really tight shutter angle (= to high proportional shutter speed) during the high action/tension scenes in order to make everything look jittery and hectic.
*2.* I still heavily disagree with the 180-degree rule. It is not based on physics or the reality of how motion is captured. Shutter speed should NOT be proportional to frame rate unless that frame rate is ONLY being filmed with the intent to display it back in slow motion. _((And even then, it should be proportional to your baseline settings instead of an arbitrary angle number. IE if you prefer 30fps with 1/40th and you want 2x slow motion, to make it look "correct" you would film the slow-motion-only scenes at 60fps 1/80th, or if you needed 4x slow motion you'd film 120fps 1/160th shutter.))_
*3.* As such, any shot that is intended for real-time viewing, regardless of the filmed frame rate or the finalized/project frame rate, should follow the "natural motion blur" rule (1/40th to 1/60th at or below 60fps, or matching the frame rate above 60fps) that I came up with in order to have, well, _natural motion blur,_ unless of course you ARE going for one of those abnormal shutter speed special effects.
*4.* Also, if you want to have speed ramping with a camera rate above 60fps, it'll be almost impossible to have natural motion blur for any final project rate unless you look into frame blending (something that Ang Lee did to make the 4k Bluray version of Gemini man go from 120fps filmed rate to 60fps and retain natural motion blur), or filming with multiple cameras. Or a custom camera that can film multiple shutter speeds at once, but nobody's getting that unless there's an industry-wide shift or they're James Cameron.
As an actual criticism of this video/explanation, it seems rather convenient that you left out comparisons between industry standard practices and my NMB rule, especially when it comes to filming humans, which tend to look the most uncanny and gross when you get the settings wrong by following traditionalist dogma. 75% of the Soap Opera Effect that makes HFR "look bad" comes from the 180-deg shutter rule. I have evidence in a playlist of my own, but sharing links in comments leads to comment auto-deletion, even if they're UA-cam links, so I suggest a couple experiments of your own.
*Experiment 1.* Take a drill and tape a ruler to it wrapped in white paper (or otherwise just make it contrast against whatever background you're filming against). Set your camera to take a picture at 1/60th of a second, then film it 24fps 1/60th, then 60fps 1/60th. Now take a picture at 1/125th, 24fps 1/125th, and 60fps 1/125th. And if you want to be extra thorough, double the shutter speed again and repeat. Now, the final nail in the coffin, use 3:2 pulldown to derive 24fps from both (or all three if you do 1/250th shutter as well) 60fps examples, and now finalize all of the videos in native/matching timelines and compare them all to each other and the motion blur captured by the still images.
*Experiment 2.* Do the same as above, but instead of a drill, do a few scenes with actual people/actors. One low-action scene (like talking or an argument) and one "high action" scene (like running or a car driving by. For this one, substitute the still image with 30fps, and in particular (since I'm a 30fps stan) I want the main comparison to be between 30fps with 1/40th or 1/50th compared to 24fps with whatever, and 60fps with the 180-deg rule vs a matching shutter. Same rules with the matching/native timeline framerates.
For Ex 1, you WILL find, without a shadow of a doubt, that motion blur is statically and independently determined by shutter SPEED and that it's not proportional to frame rate. You WILL find that the 180-deg rule will produce LESS motion blur that looks UN-natural with the higher frame rates, AND that when you derive a lower frame rate FROM a higher one, it will have exponentially worse motion blur as a result.
For Ex 2, I expect that you'll find huge improvements in how HFR looks when humans are involved, though it'll still look a bit uncanny, or to realistic to activate your suspension of disbelief. I also expect that you'll find 30fps (particularly witha lower shutter speed) is cinematically competitive with 24fps and the 180-rule, despite being noticeably smoother.
As far as preferences go, 30fps, especially when set up as I propose, is ultimately objectively superior for any content that isn't a narrative/cinematic storytelling experience (IE an actual, outright *_movie_* ). Any vlog, and informational/educational content, and certainly 95% or more of things on UA-cam should be at 30fps or higher in order to reduce eye/brain strain on viewers. We don't need to emotionally connect with the content by parsing the missing visual information with our own brains, and even in the few instances where we might, or it might benefit things, 30 gets the job done for that and is STILL easier on the eyes.
If you want things to look aesthetic/a little bit larger than life, then 30, if you want them to look perfectly clear, or exactly like real life, HFR. If you're making a literal (and only a literal) movie or a few edge cases when you have the right equipment that doesn't make low frame rates look laggy, THEN you can use 24.
*Oh, and none of this is getting into the whole PAL vs NTSC frame rate debacle, but given the length of this wall of text and how I complained about not doing this in the last comment because it was already too long, the 25/50/100 vs 24/30/60/120 thing is for another comment.*

[@TheDomainS]

Sorry for the delayed response, I've been meaning to get around to it but I just haven't had much free time recently.
1. Right, I know you didn't specifically mention using slower or faster shutter speeds but I felt that it was important to include in the video since it demonstrates the purpose of shutter speed.
2. I know you disagree with the rule but this video is non bias, it explains what it is and how it's used. Personally, I still agree with it. It makes my footage look better in my opinion and filming is all about what you're happy with. Also, I use a crop sensor camera so the shutter speed being a bit higher helps with the rolling shutter because it's BAD on my camera.
3. No comment, I respect your view on it.
4. That's true, although typically when I'm speed ramping, motion blur is not my top concern.
My response to everything said below:
I did leave out comparisons like that because the purpose of this video was to demonstrate what the rule is. I didn't want the video to be overly complicated, the video is what the title states it is.
I'm not as far into this as you are, personally the 180 rule works for me and I'm happy with it.

[@iancraig]

It’s a funny old topic and generally gets all the movie buffs out. The 180 rule imo isn’t exactly correct and has become a relic of the past.
In the bad old days of movie (and even now) the 24fps at 1/48th rule was indeed the ‘rule’. They could only use1/48th max shutter since in a cinema projector, any motion blur that was longer than half the speed of the frame would get cut off by the shutter. Then the next frame would start with a gap in the ‘blur’. They also use very shallow depth of field in order to disguise judder.
In the industry, great care is taken to ensure smooth pans and dead still camera (generally) in order to cut judder between frames. There is a black moment before each frame as well so our brains put ‘movement’ in. (It’s called persistence of motion)
We got used to looking at that over the history of cinema.
The 180 rule doesn’t really work for other frame rates. 30fps would have less motion blur because the shutter is at 1/60th….. but change the shutter to 1/45th and it will have the SAME motion blur as 24 but at 30fps.
60fps has much less motion blur at 1/120th but gets closer at 1/60th sec. (360 degree shutter) It looks a lot better with 360 degree shutter too. (Unless you are using it for slow motion then stick to same proportions as slower frame rate)
If I am holding the camera still or dead slow pans, I use 24fps at 1/40th sec. Slightly faster (general stuff) I use 30fps at …… 1/40th sec. Same motion blur as 24fps.
If I video fast stuff or I’m swinging the camera around …60fps at 1/60th second which is a bit closer to 1/40th and looks nicer at 60fps than a pin sharp, etched video at say, 1/500th second!
I even do this with action cameras.
Also, lower contrast slightly in camera to avoid judder of vertical black things against light backgrounds. In action cameras, I use a softening filter.
It’s a weird but interesting topic that can be hard to see until you look at something and think, for some reason the video looks more natural …..
On my TV, I have a black frame insert facility, so if I watch movies (or my own videos at 24fps) I actually see it in 24 and have a black frame between each picture. (Like in a cinema projector) Believe it or not, that really helps with frame judder because of what I referred to earlier as ‘persistence of vision’. TV’s show every frame 100% until the next frame which looks very unnatural on video because the subject suddenly shifts position.
Try 1/40th whether you use 24 or 30fps. You will be hard pushed to see the difference except in fast pans! Motion blur is exactly the same.
On UA-cam, it seems anything goes and no one seems to notice!!

[@TheDomainS]

Hey there! I appreciate your input, someone else said something similar. I understand that there's a lot of controversy over the 180 rule. Personally, I use it and like it. My camera is also a crop sensor with a terrible rolling shutter problem, doubling up on my speed helps it a bunch. Filming is all about what you personally like, for me it works.